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预测02阅读理解篇之推理判断题预测一推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深度理解题，重点考察学生们的逻辑理解能力以及剧情推理能力。预测二高考对推理判断题的考查主要包括以下几种

形式：细节判断题；预测和想象；推断人物性格；推断文章出处或读者对象等，如下图：预测三近几年无论是全国还是地方高考题中推理判断题出现的频率仅次于细节理解题，此类题型在2020年的重要性及权重都将进一步提高。以下为2019全国一卷至三卷的体裁、话题及推理判断题的分布图：

高考英语阅读推理判断题，一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。要注意以下几个方面：1.推理判断要符合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。2.学会透过字里行间，去推断隐含意义。3.利用归纳法、演绎法、类比

法对文中的论据进行分析，从而推出论点和结论。全国卷4.整合信息，由因推果，由果推因;由一般推特殊，由特殊推一-般;由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。下图为解题攻略图1：标志及选项特征图二：解题攻略A（2019•新课标全国卷I，B）ForCanaanE

lementary‟ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit‟sChrisPalaez‟sturn.The8-year-oldisthejok

eroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe‟snervous.“I‟mheretotellyoutodaywhyy

oushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeach

er,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenh

ebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstaredlearningEnglishalittle

overthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebath

room.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemist

akes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，„Idon‟tknow，b

utIwanttoknow.‟”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheyc

ouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntob

oast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachil

dwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley‟sprojectisto_________.A.helps

tudentsseetheirownstrengthsB.assessstudents‟publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.i

nspirestudents‟loveforpolitics27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.【答案】AC【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。通

过ChrisPalaez的演讲来引出Whaley老师对孩子们的成长做出的努力。通过组织活动来增强移民的孩子们在学习英语.上的信心。【解析】26.本题为推理判断题。从题干中找出题目关键词:thepurposeofWhaley'sproject，然后快速定位原文倒数第二

段Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselve

s.Whaley不只是想让孩子们学会在公共场所读书讲话,他想让这些孩子们学会夸耀自己。以及最后一段Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhoca

meintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”夸耀自己及自己的最好的品质对于没有自信的孩子来说很难的。可知他的目的是让孩子们看见自己的优点(seetheirownstrengths).故答案为A.27.本题为推理判断题。本题要

求找出能够描述老师Whaley的词,Humorous幽默的;ambitious有雄心的;caring关心的;demanding苛求的。通过关键词定位到倒数第二段Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignproject...ift

heythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.和Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.可知,当他有一天问认为自己当不了总统的学生请举手的时候,有了这个主意，这个课程就是帮助学生

树立自己的信心，所以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。故答案为C.B（2019•新课标全国卷II，B）“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”Thiswasanactualreplyfromapar

entafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids‟lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere‟sprobablysomedemandingwork

schedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings

.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon…Atthispointtheunwill

ingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I‟lldoit.”I‟msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere‟srealpowerinsharingvolunteerrespo

nsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-

seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelieve

dtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscorea

goal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesam

epeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Vol

unteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I‟mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI‟dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andI

getsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?24.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphl？A.Sheknowslittl

eabouttheclub.B.Sheisn‟tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn‟twanttovolunteer.D.She‟sunabletomeetherschedule.【答案】C【语篇导读】本文是一篇

夹叙夹议的文章,讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙,在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务,从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。【解析】本题为推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段,如果没有其他人自愿的话,我会去

做的。"在第二段中的demandingworkschedule和anunknownsport均是作者猜测的,所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的theunwillingparent可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C.C（2019•新课标全国卷III，C）Beforethe183

0s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,buta

tthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpolitic

sorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.

Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"—atermreferringtopapersmadewi

delyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thi

sdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantth

ereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecomm

onplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpapers

chargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtr

endofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereowne

rsofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspa

pers?A．Theywouldbepricedhigher.B．Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C．Theycouldhavemorereaders.D．Theycouldregainpublictrust.31.Whatcan

wesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A．Itwasadifficultprocess.B．Itwasatemporarysuccess.C．Itwasarobberyofthepoor.D．Itwasadisasterforprinters

.【答案】CA【语篇导读】本文为科普环保类说明文，介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。【解析】(29)推理判断题。题目为：街头销售对报纸意味着什么？选项分别为：A.价格会更高；B.他们会从城市消失;C.他们可以有更多的读者;

D.他们可以重新赢得公众的信任。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众,很便宜的。更重要的是,在街上可以买到报纸。结合第三段中间的streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities可知,报纸的街头销

售随处可见。由此可推断出,街头销售意味读报纸的多了.故答案为C.(31)本题为推理判断题。题目为：关于便士纸的诞生，我们能说些什么呢？表面上，题目在问我们的观点，实际也是从文章推断观点。根据最后一段中：Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor„themanonthestre

et‟didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,h

adlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝

试立即失败了.后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。D（2019•北京高考，B）AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（创业者）,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieC

andy.Bythetimeshewas13，hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.It

allbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebad

forherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteet

hsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtal

ktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlinean

dconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesu

cceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheg

round.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore's

product-Cancandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsop

ositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenera

llyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetale

nttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination

,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayou

t.C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?A.Fameisagreatth

irstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonal

desiressatisfied【答案】BC【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了AliceMoore,一个年轻有为的创业者的故事,故事告诉我们:积极的思考和行动会带来成功【解析】【34】推理判断题。根据第二

段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsotha

tmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?此外，下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知,她对父亲的警告的反应是:她试图找到一条出路,解决问题。故选B。【37】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事,她之所以能成功,源于面

对问题和困难时,她乐观地看待问题,积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此,通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C.E（2019•浙江高考题，B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It‟snotsome

thingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread

,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofalla

ges,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinher

weddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenti

es.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridg

essaid.“There‟sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewho

tookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepa

rtofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandpost

theirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedays

youcanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvarious

people.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.26.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A.Todoatesto

npeople‟smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【答案】BD【语篇导读】这是一则新闻报道类的记叙文,讲述在洛

杉矶的联合车站,竖起了-块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子,上面写着“留下你能给予的,拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱,但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句,阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨,弄清细节,根据问题中的关键词

找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子,从而得到需要的答案。【解析】(25)推理判断题。题干中的bride是TylerBridges举的-一个例子,为为证明前一句Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-

economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为B.(26)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Bridgessaidtheonlygoalw

astoshowgenerosityandsympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D.A(2020年安徽省皖南八校第二次联考B)Asayoungchild,AnnMakosinskiwouldspendho

ursexperimentingwithhertoysandothereverydayobjectsaroundhertocreateherowninventions.Nowafirst-yearArtsstudent,Makosinskiisawe

ll-knowninventor.ShewontherecentSustainableEntrepreneurshipAwardofExcellence，whichrecognizescreativebusinesssolutionst

osocialproblems--thesamerecognitionwasgiventoBarackObamain2014.Hertwoinventions--theHollowFlashlightandthee-Drink-havebeencausingex

citementinternationallysincetheircreation.WhenMakosinskiwas15yearsold,shecreatedaflashlightpoweredbytheheatofone'

shand.Thisinventionwastheresultofa9thgradescienceproject,buthergoalwastoofferapracticalsolutiontopeoplewithunlimitedaccesstopowera

ndelectricity.“OneofmyfriendsfromthePhilippinestoldmethatshefailedschoolbecauseshehadnolighttostudywithatnight,sothatwaskindo

ftheinspiration.”Makosinskiexplained.At12thgrade,Makosinskithenwentontocreatethee-Drink.Itisacoffeecupthatharveststhe

extraheatofahotdrinkwhileitcools,storesitaselectricityinaninternal(内置的)batteryandmakesitavailabletochargeanexternaldevicesuchasaphone,whoselifeca

nnowbelongerbyapproximately10to30minutes.“Myfavoritepartofcreatinginventionswouldbewhenyouhadtheideaandyouhavetophysicallybuil

dit,anditdoesn'tworkout,"shesaid.“Soyouhavetofigureoutdifferentwaystosolveit.Alotoftimes,I'llgiveupandI'llcomebackafteracoupleofdaysandI'llta

keitupagain."Heradvicetootherstudentinnovators?“Startnow.There'snothingholdingyouback.Actually,youcando

whateveryouwant.”Makosinskisaid,“Ifyouwanttomakesomething，followyourheart,thengoahead.Ifthere'ssomethingyoureallywanttodo,youwillma

ketimeforitandyouwillfindtimeinthedaytodoyourschoolwork."24.MakosinskycreatedthepowerlessflashlightmainlytoAsa

tisfyherdesiretocreateinventionsB.settleproblemsinstudyforherfriendC.helpthosewhoareshortofelectricityD.finis

htheassignmentofascienceproject25.Whichofthefollowingismainlyexplainedinparagraph4?AHowthee-Drinkwasinvented.B.Whythee-Drinkwasc

reated.C.Whatthee-Drinkbrings.D.Howthee-Drinkworks.26.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?APopularInventionsbyaTeenagerGi

rlB.TeenagerGirlAdvancinginCreationC.ValuableAdvicefromaCreativeGirlD.AwardsGiventoaYoungInventor【答案】CDB【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,

AnnMakosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家的一致好评,同时她也鼓励其他大学生自己动手发明一些东西。【解析】24.本题为推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Thisinventionwastheresultofa9thgrad

escienceproject,buthergoalwastoofferapracticalsolutiontopeoplewithunlimitedaccesstopowerandelectricity."这项发明是一个

九年级科学项目的结果，但她的目标是用不受限制获得的电为人们提供一个切实可行的解决方案，故选C.25.本题为段落大意题。根据第四段可知,本段讲述了e-Drink的工作原理,故选D。26.本题为标题选择题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了AnnMakosinski平时喜欢自己发明一些东西,受到了大家

的一致好评,故选B.B(2020年上海虹口区高三一模C)Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogen

eratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianthinktanks（自由主义智囊团）whoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreat

enedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshave

beenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.Quotingsuccessesisn‟twrong,butformanypeopleit‟snotpersuasive.Wha

tistypicallydeclaredtobethescientificmethod--developasupposition,thendesignanexperimenttotestit--isn‟twhatscien

tistsactuallydo.Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn‟talwayswork.Falsetheoriescanproducetrueresu

lts,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn‟tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestittrue.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmeth

od,thenwhatistheguaranteefortrustinscience?Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientif

icclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Untilthispoint,scientificfeed

backistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:oncethepaperisready,itispresentedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsg

etawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejoboftherevieweristofinderrorsorot

herinadequacies.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheobl

igationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperisacceptedforpublicationandenterstheb

odyof“science.”Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehuman.Butifwelookcarefullyathistoricalca

seswheresciencewentwrong,typicallytherewasnoagreementreachedbyall.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientist

sare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexi

st.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical（矛盾的）:thatscienceproducesbothnov

elty（新颖性）andstability.Newobservations,ideas,interpretationsintroducenovelty:trans-formativequestioningleadstocolle

ctivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence

,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.63Distrustinsciencehasbeenfoundbecause_________.A．scientists‟citingsuccessesi

sn‟tpersuasiveformanypeopletosomeextentB．mostscientistshavetendedtolaytoomuchemphasisonthesuccessofscienceC．awide-r

angingandorganizedcampaignhasbeenfoundedinsomeindustriesandthinktanksD．someone‟sbenefitsandbeliefsareendangeredbythefindingsofmodernscience64Wh

ichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewithaboutascientificmethod?A．Ascientificmethoddoesn‟tnecessarilytakeeffectbecausescienceis

changing.B．Ascientificmethodisnotrightbecauseitisn‟twhatscientistsactuallydo.C．Asuccessfulexperimentcanguaranteethetruthfulnessofaclaimbyasc

ientificmethod.D．Truetheoriescanproducefalseresultsbecausethescientificmethoddoesn‟twork.65Whatpurposedoes“pee

rreview”inevaluatingascientificclaimmainlyserve?A．Thescientificclaimcanbecompletelyacceptedbythereviewersinthesamefield.B．

Thescientificpeerscandrawrightconclusionsbyfindingitsfaultsorotherinadequacies.C．Thescientificclaimcanbepublishedandrecogniz

edastrueinscience.D．Thescientificpapercanbesuccessfullysubmittedtoascientificjournal.66Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagrapht

hat_________.A．Notalltheclaimsaboutthefalsehoodofwell-establishedscienceleadtoitsbeingoverturnedB．Itisinevitablethatsciencesometimesgo

eswrongbecauseitappearsparadoxicalC．ThebeautyofscienceliesintheparadoxofbeingbothnovelandstableD．Scienceisnottrustfulbecausescientistsalway

schangetheirminds.【答案】DACA【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人们对科学的两种观点,即:相信科学和不信任科学。【解析】63.本题为细节理解题。根据第一-段中的"Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenane

xtensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianth

inktankswhoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience."可知,几十年来，有一个广泛的、有组织的运动,目的是产生对科学的不信任，由受管制的行业和自由主义智囊团资助,他们的利益和信仰受到现

代科学发现的威胁,由此可知,人们发现对科学的不信任是因为某些人的利益和信仰受到现代科学发现的威胁,故D项正确。64.本题为推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventeda

ndoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn'talwayswork."可知,科学是活跃的，新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，所以科学的方法并不总是有效的，由此可知,作者可能会同意科学方法不一定有效，因为

科学正在发生变化“这一说法,故A项正确。65.本题为细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"Wecallthisprocesspeerreviewbecausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasbothth

erightandtheobligationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatt

hepaperisacceptedforpublicationandentersthebodyofscience."可知,我们称这个过程为同行评审,因为评审人员是科学上的同行,但是他们扮演着上级的角色,有权利也有义务找出错误,只有在审

稿人和编辑满意之后,任何问题都得到了解决，论文才会被接受发表并进入科学领域,由此可知,在评估-项科学声明时，同行评审的主要目的是这一科学论断可以在科学领域上发表并被认为是正确的,故C项正确。66.本题为推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Whileexamplesoftrulysettle

dsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist."可知,虽然真正解决的科学被推翻的例子比有时声称的要少得多,但它们确实存在

,由此可知,并非所有关于公认科学的谬误的说法都会导致它被推翻,故A项正确。C（2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试A）CitiesallovertheworldcelebrateChristmasinuniqueandmem

orableways.Thefollowinginternationaldestinationsarejustafewofthecountlesschoicestoconsider.QuebeccityQuebeccityhaslongdrawnadmirerstoitshistoricdi

strictthefamedcitywall,strangecobblestonelanes（鹅卵石小路）andhandsomestonehouses.ThisareatransformsintoascenicChri

stmasvillageeachDecember.The403-year-oldcapitalofQuebecprovincetakesprideintheoutdoorsatChristmastime,whenstoneb

uildingsshinewithlights.Considercross-countryskionthePlainsofAbraham,orskateattheplaceD‟Youvillesquare.EdinburghEdinburgh,a

magiccityfullofstaircasesandhillsaswellasGeorgianandneo-Classicalbuildings,isfamousforitsmixtureofthemodernandtheold.Thisisevidentinwinter

,whenScotland‟scapitalputsonasix-weekfestivallastinguntilJan.6thatgoeswaybeyondChristmasmarkets.Youcanriderollercoasters,climbawalloficeandattendaviv

idChristmasthemedshowbythecabarettroupe（剧团）LaClique.ZurichIfbuyinggiftsisonyourtravelschedule,Zurichisanimpressiveshoppingcen

ter,particularlyaroundtheholidays,frommultipleChristmasmarketsandtheluxury（奢侈品）dressshopsofBahnhofstr

asseStreet,totheindependentdesignersandantiqueshopsinthemergingindustrialzones.Anotherannuallightingspectacle（壮观场面）,L

ichterschwimmen,onDec.21,includeshundredsoftinylanternsthataresentfloatingdowntheRiverLimmat.SydneyAlackofsnowdoesnotdampentheChr

istmasspiritinSydney.OnegreatandfreewaytofeeltheholidayistotakethisDec.21walkingtourofGeorgeStreet,whichpromises“themostsharablewindowdisplaysa

ndcolouredlights.”Oneadvantageoverotherdestinations:warm,sandybeachesthatliejustminutesfromdowntown,wherethenaturalbeautyofAustralia‟sm

ostpopularcitywillbewaiting.21.WhatcanyoudoinQuebeccityduringChristmas?A.Riderollercoasters.B.Takepartinawalkingtour.C.Enjoycross-countryski.D.Wat

chaChristmas-themedshow.22.WhereshouldyougoifyouwanttoenjoyaChristmaswithoutsnow?A.Quebeccity.B.Edinburgh.C.Zurich.D.Syd

ney.23.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook.B.Adiary.C.Anovel.D.Aresearchpaper.【答案】CDA【语篇导读】这是

一篇应用文。文章介绍了魁北克市、爱丁堡、苏黎世和悉尼这四个适合圣诞节期间旅游的好去处。【解析】21.本题为细节理解题。由题干关键词Quebeccity可将答案定位于第二段。由第二段最后一句“Considercross-countryskionthePlainsofAbraham

,orskateattheplaceD‟Youvillesquare.”（可以考虑在亚伯拉罕平原上越野滑雪或者在尤维尔广场上滑冰。），可知在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故选C项。22.本题为细节理解题。由最后一段首句“Alack

ofsnowdoesnotdampentheChristmasspiritinSydney.”（雪的缺乏并没有影响悉尼的圣诞节气氛。），可知如果想要没有雪的圣诞节，可以去Sydney（悉尼）。故选D项。23.本题为推理判断题。由第一段中的句子“Citiesallovertheworldc

elebrateChristmasinuniqueandmemorableways.Thefollowinginternationaldestinationsarejustafewofthecountlesschoicestoconsi

der.”（世界各地的城市都以独特而难忘的方式庆祝圣诞节。下面的国际目的地只是无数的选择中的一部分。）和后文主要介绍了四个适合在圣诞节期间旅行的城市，可知本文最有可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选A项。D（2020届黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三教学检测B）Sincebirth,JoyandMi

riamwereleftatthegateofanorphanage(孤儿院).Forthedisabledsisters,whobothhavespinabifida(脊柱裂),itmayhaveseemedthatallhopeswerelost

atthattime.ButafterbeingadoptedbyaBritishcouple,theyhavebecometwoofthecountry'smostpromisingwheelchairbasketball

stars.In2005,theHaizesadoptedthem.Then,theymovedtotheUKwhenJoywassixandMiriamwasseven.Thegirlsdiscov

eredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.Theyhadn'tknownwheelchairsportsbefore,butJoywashookedfro

mthebeginning.WhileMiriamlovedthesport,ittookheralittlelongertobecomeaseriousathlete.“Iusedtohavereallylowself-respect,”shesaid.“It'sonlywhenJoy

gotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013thatIstartedtotakebasketballseriously.Itgavemeapathtofoll

ow.”MiriamwasthenchosentoplayatbothregionaltrialsandtheSainsbury'sSchoolGamesin2014.Ofcourse,sheearnedherselfaplaceatthefamousGBFuturest

rainingcamp.“GBFutureshelpedmealot.Ithelpedmetakebasketballtoanotherlevelandlearnmoreaboutthegameanditshistory.Italsohelpedmebemoreindependent

,”saidMiriam.Meanwhile,JoyiscurrentlytheyoungestplayerontheGBwomen'steam—butsheismakinghermarkontheinternationalstage,havingrepresentedGreatBritaini

ntournaments(锦标赛)allovertheworld.Theteenagersarenoweagertoencourageotherstoexploretheworldofwheelchairsports.“Youshouldhaveconfidenceinyourself

.That'stheonethingtohelpyousucceed.Havingsetbackshelpedmegrowintoapersonandplayer.Nomatterwhatpeoplesaidtous,wejusttriedourbest

,”saidthegirls.4.WhathappenedtoJoyandMiriamwhentheywereborn?A.TheywereadoptedbyaBritishcouple.B.Theywereabandonedto

anorphanage.C.TheymovedtotheUKwiththeirparents.D.Theylivedwithparentsinanorphanage.5.Thesistersfirstgottoknowthewheelchairbasketballfrom________

.A.GBFuturestrainingcampB.theirP.E.teacherbychanceC.aconversationinaTVprogramD.atalkbetweentheirfatherandhisfriend6.Itcanbein

ferredfromthepassagethat________.A.theHaizesaimedtotrainJoytobecometheworldchampionB.JoysetagoodexampletoMiriaminthewheelcha

irbasketballC.ittookJoyalongtimetotakethewheelchairbasketballseriouslyD.Miriamistheyoungestplayeronthewomen'sbasketballteam7.Wh

atsuggestiondidthedisabledsistersgivetoothers?A.Putyourheartintowork!B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone!C.AllroadsleadtoRome.D.Believeiny

ourself!【答案】BDBD【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对轮椅篮球姐妹花的奋斗故事。【解析】4.B可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遗弃在了孤儿院门口。故选B项。5.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Thegi

rlsdiscoveredthewheelchairbasketballthroughachanceconversation,whichMr.Haizehadwithafriendin2011.”可知，姐妹俩是通过父亲和朋友的

一次偶然的谈话发现了轮椅篮球。故选D项。6.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“It‟sonlywhenJoygotintotheUnder25sEuropeanChampionshipsin2013thatIstartedtotakebasketbal

lseriously.Itgavemeapathtofollow.”可知，Joy取得了很好的成绩，从而激励了Miriam效仿她。Joy为Miriam树立了榜样。故选B项。7.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹说的话“Youshouldhaveconfidenceinyour

self.That‟stheonethingtohelpyousucceed.（你应该对自己有信心。这是帮助你成功的一件事。）”可知，她们鼓励年轻人一定要自信,自信能帮助他们成功。故选D项。E(2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟B)Earlierthisyear,myhusbandandIwere

presentedwiththechancetomakeourhomeinanurban“micro”space.Asweinitiallyconsideredit,itseemedcrazy.Wouldw

eevenmakeitaweekwithoutgoingmad?Livingroom,kitchen,office,diningroom,allinonesmallfour-walledspace.The

rewereanumberofotherpotentialoptions.Wecouldmoveoutintothesuburbslikemostpeopledoinourextraordinarilyexpensivecitya

ndhaveasmallyardmaybeevenabasement.Buttherewassomethingaboutthisneat“tiny”homethatarousedourinterest,whichchallengedus.Weliketolivediff

erentlyfromthecrowd,toavoidwhateveryoneelseisdoing“justbecause”everyoneelseis.“Let‟stryitforsixmonths.Ifitmakesuscrazy,we‟

llmove.Wecandoanythingfor6months,”myhusbandsaid.Itwaschallengingsqueezingintothespaceatfirst,butthensomethingcaughtusbysurprise.Westarted

havingatonoffunwithourtinyspace.Inthepast,sometimeswehadquitedifferentideasaboutwhichartordecoratingstylewefoundappealing.Buthere,inthistinys

pace,wefoundourselveshavingatonoffunexploringpossibleoptions.There‟snoroomforclutter(凌乱的东西),either.Thisisagif

t!It‟sbeen8months,andwe‟restaying.Perhapsforever.Whenaspaceisthissmall,youdon‟tneedtospendmuchinfurnishingi

t,andyoucan‟tkeependlesslybuyingthings.There‟snowheretoputthem!Thisleavesusmorefinancialresourcesandmoretimetogooutintothemuchbiggerworldandenjoylife

.Forus,livingina“tiny”homehasfilleduswithafeelingofabundance.It‟ssomuchbetterthanfeelingweigheddown,payingforabigspaceandmoreandmorethings.

Ihighlyrecommendit.24.Whatcanwelearnfromthewordsoftheauthor‟shusband?A.Hedidn‟tliketostayinthesmallspace.B.Hemadeuphismindtostayinthesmalls

pace.C.Hewasuncertainaboutlivinginthesmallspace.D.Heencouragedtheauthortoliveinthesmallspace.25.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor‟sex

periencefromthetext?A.Itwasdepressingbutinspiring.B.Itwaschallengingbutinteresting.C.Itwasdisappointingbuttouching.D.

Itwasembarrassingbutrewarding.26.What‟sthemainadvantageoflivinginthesmallroomtotheauthor?A.Shecouldenjoylifemore.B.Shecouldavoidthecrowds.C

.Shecouldcleantheroomeasily.D.Shecouldenjoyafeelingoffreedom.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewtrendoflivingB.

Thejoyofliving“tiny”C.Savespace,savemoneyD.Makegooduseofspace【答案】CBAB【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的经历

和感受到的乐趣。【解析】24.C推理判断题。根据第三段中“Let‟stryitforsixmonths.Ifitmakesuscrazy,we‟llmove.Wecandoanythingfor6mont

hs,”myhusbandsaid.“让我们试六个月吧。如果它让我们发疯，我们就会搬家。我们可以在6个月内做任何事情，”我丈夫说。可知，作者的丈夫也不确定能否住在这个小地方里，因此他提出了先住六个月试试。故选C项。25.B推理判断题

。根据第二段中Buttherewassomethingaboutthisneat“tiny”homethatarousedourinterest,whichchallengedus.但是，这个整洁的“小”房子里有一些东西引起了我们的兴趣，对我们提出了挑战。

以及第三段中Itwaschallengingsqueezingintothespaceatfirst,butthensomethingcaughtusbysurprise.Westartedhavingatonoffu

nwithourtinyspace.一开始挤进这个空间很有挑战性，但后来有件事让我们大吃一惊。我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。可知，文章中作者的经历是具有挑战性的，但也很有趣。故选B项。26.A细节理解题。

根据最后一段中Thisleavesusmorefinancialresourcesandmoretimetogooutintothemuchbiggerworldandenjoylife.Forus,livingina“tiny”homehasfilleduswithafe

elingofabundance.这给我们留下了更多的经济资源和更多的时间去到更广阔的世界去享受生活。对我们来说，住在“小”房子里让我们有一种富足的感觉。可知，作者认为住在“小”房子主要的好处是她能更多地去享受

生活。故选A项。27.B主旨大意题。根据第一段中Earlierthisyear,myhusbandandIwerepresentedwiththechancetomakeourhomeinanurban“micro”space.今年早些时候，我和我的丈夫有机会在一个城市的“微小”空间

里安家。第二段中Westartedhavingatonoffunwithourtinyspace.我们开始在我们的小空间里玩得很开心。以及最后一段中Ihighlyrecommendit.我强烈推荐它。可知，本文主要是讲述了作者和丈夫住在“

小”房子里的经历以及感受到的乐趣，因此本文的最佳标题是“住在小房子的乐趣”。故选B项。