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高考复习干货之阅读推断题1阅读专题：推断题解题思路：大部分推断题只要找到文章与各个段落中心句，根据中心意思去推断就可以，正确答案和主旨有着高度相似性。细节推断最难，需要逐个带着选项回去到文中找。推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文

章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。推理判断题一般概括为1）细节推断2）词义推断3）观点态度推断其他推断题题干标志词：infer，suggest，indicate,

conclude,imply,learnfrom,weknowthat....,thewriterbelieves...方法特征：总体来说，推断题要立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念或过于片面；切记掺杂自己主观想法、经验；不可选择对阅读材料的简单重

复的选项。细节推断题（1）中心相关（2）细节主旨推断题（1）中心相关（给段落分层）（2）主旨相关从推断题类别将解题技巧总结如下：（1）推断观点态度：一般问题形式为：Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is...Thewriterthoughtthat...技巧

：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、过渡词及所举例子，推断作者的弦外之音，如：作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等，则常带否定意味。高考复习干货之阅读推断题2（2）推断词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词

的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和平时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。①根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有3种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Mosts

eaweedisredandbrownincolor.(seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为“海草”)Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame.(invariably由in+vary+

able+ly构成，意为“不可改变地”)You’llbepunishedifyoudesertrubbisheverywhere.(desert由名词desert转化而成，意为“丢弃”)②根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来

猜测单词。Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds.(由devour与后面动

词kill的并列结构得知devour意为“毁坏”)Woodandskinshaveeasilyrottedaway,butstonedoesn’tdecay.(根据but的反义结构可知decay意为“腐烂”)③根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经

验来猜测单词Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport.(由句子的意义可看出alpinist意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)（3）推断写作意图目的：方法1.

从主旨来推2.从问题类别来推一般如：记叙文特别是有趣经历或幽默故事的目的是娱乐读者：makepeoplelaughortotellaninterestingexperience；夹叙夹议目的让读者得到某种启示或教育;广告和议论文目的是说

服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普类说明文或新闻报告目的是告知读者某些信息。高考复习干货之阅读推断题3细节推断题（2016年天津，B）Everymanwantshissontobesomewhatofaclone,notinfeaturesbutinfoot

steps.Ashegrowsyoualsoage,andyourambitionsbecomemoreunachievable.Youbegintorealizethatyourboy,inyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhatyouh

opedfor.Butfootstepscanbemuddiedandtheycangooffindifferentdirections.MysonJodyhashatedschoolsincedayo

neinkindergarten.Scienceprojectswaiteduntilthelastmoment.Bookreportsweren’twrittenuntilthefinalthreat.I’vebeenanewspapermanallmyadultlife.Mydaugh

terisauniversitygraduateworkingtowardhermaster’sdegreeinEnglish.ButJody?Whenheenteredthetenthgradehebecamea“vo-tech”student(技校学生).They’recalled“motor

heads”bytherestofthestudentbody.42.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’schildren?（文章内容推断）A.Hisdaughterdoesb

etterinschool.B.Hisdaughterhasgotamaster’sdegree.C.Hissontriedhardtofinishhomework.D.Hissoncouldn’twritehisbookreports.答

案：A根据答案回去找细节，注意选项与文中时态语态的细微差别。天津2018年6月C篇Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatet

hatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobably

contributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstor

eplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsone

nd,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements2．Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3？A.It

solvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffo

od.这道题我们可以看出这段的主旨是可持续性，因此，第三段的正确答案很有可能与可持续性有关。开头第一句话明显不像主旨句，第二句和段落标题一致，因此，它整个段落的中心句。只有D在说可持续性。高考复习干货之阅读推断题42016

全国卷三Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorni

ngpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonline

posts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.＂The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassme

dia,＂saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.＂Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.Butwhenyousharea

storywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.＂2.Whatcanweinferaboutpe

oplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They’resociallyinactive．B.They’regoodattellingstories．C.They’reinconsiderateof

others．D.They’recarefulwiththeirwords．答案：C.审题干，我们可以看出只有Butwhen……这句话对答题有用。这时仔细看这一句话就能发现“Youcare”是解题关键。因此要选择与之相反的，才符合题干的要求，所以选C.

Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory．Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyh

avelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother．Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves．Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetoshare

foodwiththeirchildren．whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood．Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither．Ifachimpis

putinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreateffort，aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage，he

willpullatrandom---hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot．Chimpsaretrulyselfish．Humanchildren，ontheotherhandareextremelycoopera

tive．Fromtheearliestages，theydecidetohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals．ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstu

diedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren．Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhands

fulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp．33．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps？___A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothe

rs'interests．B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren．C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors'food．D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoo

dwitheachother．34．MichaelTomasello'stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey___．A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoo

fferhelptoadults高考复习干货之阅读推断题5C．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案：AA这两道细节题推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断

出来。2019年天津3月高考C篇Perhapswhat’smostimportanthereisthatthesemeasurescanbechanged.Docterscantakethisinformationandhelppatientsmakechangestol

ifestyles,andhopefullytakestepstoimprovetheirbiologicalconditions.“Ithinkthemostexcitingthingaboutthisreserchisthatthesethings

aren’tsetinstone,”Levinesaid.“Peoplecanbegiventheinformationearlierandtakestepstoimprovetheirhealthbeforeit’stoolate”AccordingtoProf.

Levine,whatisthemostexcitingthingaboutherreserch?A.Themeasuresarenotfixed.B.Healthservicescanbesetup.C.Theproblemsare

notthatserious.D.Thereserchresultsarewritteninstone.答案：A这道推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。段落推断题2014天津B“It’sreallyfun”,s

aidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor，butthereare

chancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning..Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwo

odhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinksheistryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforeb

ecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.”45.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?A.Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.B.CriticsthinktheLongPen

isoflittleuseC.BookstoreownersdonotsupporttheLongPenD.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost答案：A这道题属于细节推断，只能回去文章找，注意细节。高考复习干货之阅

读推断题62015年天津高考B篇TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequ

estsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualint

hehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.……Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,the

moreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Weha

vetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.42.WhatcanaJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithy

ouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obe

yyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.A.trainemployeesB.b

eourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers答案：DB提示：注意选项偷换主语，需要考生有一定词汇量，能看懂文中与选项中的同义词替换。2013天津D.Whenaskedabouthappiness,w

eusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary,anabsolutedelight,whichseemstogetrarertheolderweget.Forkids,happinesshasamagica

lquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved(毫不掩饰的).Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Su

ddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitement,loveandpopularity.Icanstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemosta

ttractiveboyattheschoolparty.Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoy----love,marriage,birth----alsobringresponsibil

ityandtheriskofloss.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated(复杂的)Mydefinitionforhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappi

erweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,andevengoodhealth.Iexperiencedmylittlem

omentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelastlunch-boxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterru

ptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.When高考复习干货之阅读推断题7thekidsandmyhusbandcamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.Psychologiststellusthattobehappy

weneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idon’tthinkthatmygrandmother,whoraised14children,hadmuchofeither.Sh

edidhaveanetworkofclosefriendsandfamily,andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.We,however,withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryare

a,haveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe’vegottohave.We’vesoself-consciousaboutour“right”toitthatit’smakingusmis

erable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess,withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappierHappinessisn’tabo

utwhathappenstous----it’sabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It’stheskillfulwayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative

.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thave,butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.52.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph5and6?A.Shecareslittleaboutherownhe

althB.SheenjoysthefreedomoftravelingC.SheiseasilypleasedbythingsindailylifeD.Sheprefersgettingpleasurefr

omhousework53.WhatcanbeinformedfromParagraph7?A.PsychologiststhinksatisfyingworkiskeytohappinessB.Psychologists’opinioniswellprovedbyGr

andma’caseC.GrandmaoftenfoundtimeforsocialgatheringsD.Grandma’shappinesscamefrommodestexpectationsoflife答案：CD依然围绕文章与段落主旨推断。词义、句意推断（

2018滨海七校一模，C）Bytryingtotickle(挠痒痒)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscove

ringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weret

heonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedan

djumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgro

upofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesanindividualbeingtickledtolosecontrol.64.Theunderlinedword“squeak”inParagr

aph2maybeexplainedby______.A.giveasmileB.makeanoiseC.burstintotearsD.watchwithstaringeyes高考复习干货之阅读推断题8答案：B词义推断得把选项单词带回去试，否则容易误

选A，实际上主语是老鼠，能排除A。2016天津CThelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhoh

addonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidan

d16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferencein

howtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,indepen

dence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基础)ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeo

plemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,（“One

canlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”）49.Whatdoestheun

derlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?(猜测词意)A.Quicktoreact.B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite.D.s

uddenandrapid.答案：C句子虽然长，但是大部分信息是废话，注意找出句子主干，实际上sharp是Thelink的表语，形容Thelink，看到这里，这时答题就变得容易了。2015天津高考D篇Boldnessme

ansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgmen

t,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.52.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?(词意猜测)A.Swallowm

orethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedec

isions.答案：B根据主旨选。高考复习干货之阅读推断题9观点态度推断2015新课标全国1卷BThefreezingNortheastospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswere

packedbeforeyoucouldsay＂sunshine＂.IleftforthelandofwarmthandvitaminC(维生素C),thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,I

sentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon)fil

ledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold—weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarahasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplac

etsotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.

m.to1p.m.,rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries,thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetr

uck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I’verefus

edtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfailinglydry,hard,andtastele

ss.ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand,fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Thesewere

therealdeal—andatthatmoment,IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn’tbeexperiencingagainfo

rmonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedre

staurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu,Ik

newI’dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.24.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Anno

ying.答案：B回到文中，会发现，作者认为纽约的生活不够理想，所以从B或D中选，而D程度太深，故B合适。（2018天津十二校联考一模，B）Tobehonest,I’veneverbeenmuchofabirdperson.Ialsohaveahealthyrespec

tforbirds,andbyhealthyImeanslightlyfear-based.They’rebasicallylivingdinosaurs.Iwishthey’dchosenanotherbackyard.Thereareonlysom

anysunnydaysinSeattle,andIstillcan’tdoanygardeningoutthere.ButI’malsogratefulthatIgottoseethislittlebi

tofnatureunfoldupclose.It’sprettyamazing.44.Bysaying“They’rebasicallylivingdinosaurs”inparagraph5,theauthormeans____.

A.birdsarerare.B.birdsareveryugly.C.sheisafraidofbirds.D.sheisrespectfultobirds.答案：C