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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·惠州高三调研考试)Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson’sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhoget

alongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That’strueforbothteensa

ndadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhethe

rexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.The

yinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears，andalsospoketotheseteens’closestfriends，whoprovidedadditionalinformatio

naboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachp

erson’soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen’sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefrien

dsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thos

ewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinf

luencesonhealth.Weight，familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople，suchotherfactor

sdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits,saysAllen,

buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoki

ng,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tlosehe

artfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds，“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没

有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。1．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Ent

ertainmentnewspaper.B解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。2．Wec

anlearnfromAllen’sstudythat________．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithad

ulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn’texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeu

nhealthierD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。3．AccordingtowhatAllensaid

,wecanknowthat________．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdB．thoughit’schallengingforteenstodealwithpe

erpressure,theyshouldnotgiveupC．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthe

mgoingwithfriendsB解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Findingtherightbalanceist

hekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．Closefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeople’shealth.C．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbeco

mehealthieradults.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.C解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogeta

longwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。B(2018·辽宁

五校联考)Inthedeadofwinter，wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors，butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitami

nthatisessentialforgoodhealth—VitaminD.Thisimportantvitaminstrengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease，

cancerandmanyotherlife­threateningdiseases.Therecommendeddailyrequirementis400－600InternationalUnits

(IU).Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinturnsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamount

sofVitaminD.Evenduringwinter,justa10­minutewalkatmiddaycankeepthebody’sVitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbrie

fwinterwalks，wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanbealsoobtaine

dfromfoods.SalmonisoneofthebestsourcesoftheVitamin.Eggyolks(蛋黄)，cheese，mushroomsandsomeanimalorganscontains

mallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers，foodcompaniesaddVitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.ThepracticeofputtingtheVitaminintomilk

beganinthe1930s.Atthattime，manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets，anillnessthatiscausedbyadeficiency(缺乏)ofVitaminD．Itmadethec

hildren’sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.Forpeoplewhostillneedm

oreVitaminD,thereisanotheroption；TakeVitaminDsupplements(补充物)．Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However，

anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。5．Duringthewintermonths，people______

__．A．aren’tabletomeettheirdeadlinesB．oftendon’tdresswarmlyenoughC．generallyliketoremainindoorsD．leavelotsofworkforot

herstodoC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Inthedeadofwinter，wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors，butaccordingtomanyphysicians

weshould.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。6．Accordingtothetext，VitaminD________．A．canbeobtainedbybeingexposedtothesunB．canbeusedtocurelife­threateningd

iseasesC．canbemainlyfoundinsomemilkproductsD．canmakethechildren’sbonessoftandweakA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。7

．Whyissalmonmentionedinthisarticle?A．It’sseldompreparedinthecorrectway.B．It’sausefuladditiontoaperson’sdiet.C．Itha

sahugeimpactontheenvironment.D．Itsadvantageshavebeenexaggerated.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充

物，故选B。8．Themainpurposeofthisarticleis________．A．tointroduceavaluablenutrientB．toadvertiseVitaminDsupplemen

tsC．tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrientD．toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscoveredA解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。Ⅱ完形填空(2018

·昆明高三复习适应性检测)IstartedservingthehomelesswhenIwaseightyearsold.Ididn’tknowthesepeoplewouldmakesuchabigdifferenceinmy__1

__．TwiceamonthIgotothechurchandhelpgetthingsreadyfor__2__.Whenthegateisopened，peoplecomein__3__toget

drinks.Theytaketheirseatswhilebreakfastis__4__，andthenwebeginto__5__.Weeachtaketwoplatesandcarrythem__6__thelineastheplatesare__7__.Eachpers

onreceivesseveralkindsoffoods.Iwalktothetablesand__8__theplatesbeforethem.AfterI’veservedthem，Iaskiftheyneed__9

__elseandbringthemwhatevertheyaskfor.WhenIfirststartedserving，Iwasalittle__10__.AtfirstIstayedclosetomymommostof

thetime，butafterIgottoknowthesestrangers，I__11__thattheywerefriendlypeople.Andthe__12__ofthemwasoftennicerthant

heoutside.Irealizedthattherewasno__13__tobescared.Afterservingforafewmonths，Istartedto__14__seeingthesamepeopleeachweek.Allofthesepeoplemakemyd

aymuch__15__.Thepasttwoyearshasmadeabig__16__inmylife.Idothis__17__itistherightthingtodo.WhenIservepeople

，Iwantthemtoknowthatsomeone__18__themandthattheymatter.Servingmakesmehappy,butevenmore__19__，itteachesm

etoloveand__20__othersandhelpsmaketheworldabetterplace.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历，感悟到了人生的意义。1．A.studyB．workC．familyD．

lifeD解析：首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句，又根据文章最后一段第二句可知，这些人对“我”的人生(life)产生了巨大的影响。故选D项。2．A.breakfastB．brunchC．lunchD．di

nnerA解析：根据下文的breakfast可知，此处应该是为早餐(breakfast)做准备工作。故选A项。3．A.secretlyB．quicklyC．slowlyD．separatelyB解析：根据生活常识可知，肯定是快速地(quick

ly)进教堂来取饮料。故选B项。4．A.orderedB．enjoyedC．preparedD．tastedC解析：根据空处所在句句意可知，我们准备早饭时，他们坐下来。故选C项。5．A.eatB．serveC．leaveD．tryB解析：根据第

一段的“Istartedservingthehomeless”可知，我们侍候无家可归者，为他们提供饭菜。故选B项。6．A.beforeB．beyondC．aboveD．alongD解析：此处表示：我们每个人拿两个盘子，沿着

座位给他们端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范围”；above“在……上方”；along“沿着……旁边”。故选D项。7．A.emptiedB．washedC．filledD．driedC解析：根据句意可知，当盘子被

盛满(filled)食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者。故选C项。8．A.makeB．setC．fixD．showB解析：根据空前的“Iwalktothetables”可知，“我”应该是把盘子放置(set)在他们的餐桌上。故选B项。9．A.nothingB．ev

erythingC．whatD．anythingD解析：根据空处所在句句意可知，“我”询问他们是否还有其他需要。故选D项。10．A.surprisedB．embarrassedC．scaredD．puzzl

edC解析：根据上下文可知，刚开始时“我”有点害怕(scared)。下文的“tobescared”也是提示。11．A.realizedB．admittedC．claimedD．sworeA解析：根据语境可知，随着“我”对这些人的

深入了解，“我”意识到他们是友善的。realize“意识到”；admit“承认”；claim“声称”；swear“发誓”。故选A项。12．A.pastB．insideC．surfaceD．frontB解析：根据空后的“nicerthantheo

utside”可知，空处应用outside的反义词inside。故选B项。13．A.wayB．doubtC．reasonD．wonderC解析：根据语境可知，这些人都很友好，“我”没有理由(reason)感到害怕。故选C项。14．A.gettiredofB．takechargeofC

．getdowntoD．lookforwardtoD解析：根据上文“我”情感的变化可知，做了几个月后，“我”每周都期待(lookforwardto)与这些人见面。gettiredof“对……厌倦，厌烦”；takechargeof“负责”；getdownto“着手”。故选D

项。15．A.betterB．furtherC．busierD．easierA解析：根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他们变得更好(better)。故选A项。16．A.successB．differenceC．profitD．fortune

B解析：此句与文章第一段第二句中的“makesuchabigdifference”呼应，故选B项。17．A.becauseB．ifC．onceD．thoughA解析：根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处前后有因果关系。故选A项。18．A.reliesonB．goesafterC．caresaboutD

．looksforC解析：careabout“在乎，关心”；relyon“依靠，依赖”；goafter“追求，追逐”；lookfor“寻找”。此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要”。故选C项。19．A.necessarilyB．int

erestinglyC．honestlyD．importantlyD解析：importantly“重要地”，necessarily“必要地”，interestingly“有趣地”；honestly“诚实地”。根据空前的“Servingmakesme

happy,butevenmore”可知，importantly更符合语境，故选D项。20．A.respectB．forgiveC．inspireD．protectA解析：forgive“原谅”；inspire“激发”；protect“保护”。由语境可

知，只有respect符合，故选A项。