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课时练1阅读理解提速练Ⅰ阅读理解ASevenyearsago，backin2010，somereportscoveredastorythattheworld’slongestrailwaytunnelwasunderc

onstructioninSwitzerland.Atthatpointithadalreadybeenunderconstructionforoveradecade.Ithadbeenvotedtobebuiltnearlyaquarterofac

enturyago！Theideatobuilditcoulddatebacktonearly70yearsago—aboutasoldassomeofyourgrandparents!Yesterday，itwasfinallyready!It’sabout35

mileslongandruns7，500feetbeneaththeSwissAlps，afamousmountainrangeinSwitzerland.Itevenrunsunderanoldtunnelthatwasther

ebefore.Ittookatotalof17yearstobuildatacostof$12billion！28milliontonsofrockweredug.Twomilliontruckloadsofearthwereremoved!Thetunnelc

onnectsnorthernandsouthernEurope.TheopeningofthistunnelwassuchabigdealthattheGermany’sleader，ChancellorAngelaMerkel，France’s

president，FrancoisHollande，andItaly’sprimeminister，MatteoRenzi，werealltheretocelebrate，aswasAustria’schancellorChristianKern.It’

scalledtheGotthardBaseTunnel.Eventually，325freightandpassengertrainswillgothroughthetunnel，relievingalotoftrafficonther

oadwaysthereandmakingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.TheGotthardBaseTunnelisawonderofengineeringandmakesusw

anttovisitit!【解题导语】本文介绍了戈特哈德隧道的建成及其相关情况和由此带来的意义。1．Whendidpeoplefirsthavetheideaofbuildingthetunnel?A．A

bout70yearsago.B．Halfacenturyago.C．Twenty­fiveyearsago.D．Sevenyearsago.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句可知，大约70年前人们第一次有建造该隧道的想法。故选A项。2．Whatca

nwelearnaboutthetunnel?A．Itusedtobeanoldtunnel.B．Ithasjustbeencompleted.C．ItconnectsallEuropeancountries.D．Itrunsoverarangeofmountains.B解析：细节

理解题。根据第二段“Yesterday，itwasfinallyready！”可知，该隧道刚刚竣工。故选B项。3．Whatmaybethepurposeofbuildingthetunnel?A．Toimprovetraffic.B．Toincreaseemplo

yment.C．Toattractdonation.D．Tostoppollution.A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“relievingalotoftrafficontheroadwaysthereandmak

ingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption”可知，该铁路隧道修建的目的是缓解交通压力。故选A项。4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetunnel?A．Itwillcauseconflictsamongcountries.B．I

twillbeoflittlebenefittothelocals.C．Itmaydodamagetotheenvironment.D．Itmaybecomeatouristattraction.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句中的“makesuswanttovisitit”可推知，该铁路隧道可

能会成为一个旅游胜地。故选D项。B(2018·吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测)OneofthebiggestsocialissuesinJapanistheincreasinglylowmarriagerates

amongyoungpeopleandthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking(萎缩)population.MostyoungJapane

sewomensimplydon’tseeminterestedinhavingmanychildren.NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.AsDavidBrookswrote,birthratesarebecominglowerinmuchoft

heworld,fromIran—1.7birthsperwoman—toRussian,wherelowbirthratesconnectedwithhighdeathratesmeanthepopulationisalreadyshrinking.Andthisin

cludestheUS,whichhaslonghadhigherbirthratesthanmostdevelopednations.Agingcountrieswillfacetheburdenofcaringforlargeelderlypopulatio

nswithoutalargerresourceofyoungworkers.It’struethatglobalagingisgoingtopresentsomemajorchallenges.Whowilltakecareoftheelderly?Will

anolderworldbelessactiveandslowertochangeandadapt?It’salltrue.SometimesIworryaboutacominggenerationalwaroverresources,justasIworryabouthowIwilltak

ecareofmyownparentsintheiroldage,justasIworryaboutwhomighttakecareofme.Buthere’sthething:anolderworldmayhavelesspressureontheen

vironment.Asweallknow,theenvironmentistherealvictimofoverpopulation.Somaybeaworldthatgrowsslowerandgrowsolderwillputlesspr

essureontheenvironment,andbuyusafewmoreyearstoensureourenergyuse,alongwithourbirthrates,reachesasustainable(可持续的)level.Afterall,we’resup

posedtogetsmarteraswegetolder.Hopefullythatholdstruefortheplanetaswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。5．Thepopulati

onissueinJapanismentionedto________．A．showyoungpeople’spreferenceformarriageB．introducethetopicofglobalbirthrates’becominglowerC．in

dicatethedeepercauseofJapan’sdepressionD．emphasizetherevolutionofJapanesewomenB解析：细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生

率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.”也是提示。故选B。6．Whichwillbecausedbylowbirthratesaccordingtothepassage?A．Agingso

ciety.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Highdeathrates.D．Lowemploymentrates.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Oneofthebiggestsocialis

suesinJapanis...andthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking(萎缩)population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。7．What’stheauthor’sattitudeto

theworldwidebirthrates’becominglower?A．Anxious.B．Disappointed.C．Hopeful.D．Doubtful.C解析：观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环

境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoDavidBrooks?A．Thebirthratesallovertheworldarebecominglower.B．Themostdevelop

edcountrieshavehigherdeathrates.C．Americaistheonlydevelopedcountrywithhigherbirthrates.D．Birthrates’becominglowermeansagreatrisktoagi

ngcountries.D解析：细节理解题。根据前三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。C(2018·福建泉州检测)Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesa

nddisadvantagesofreadingahard-copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemis,manyofusrefusetolisten.Don’tgetmewrong:Digitalreadinghassomerea

ladvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreadi

ng：e­bookstendtobecheaper.There’salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisargu

able.Theearthmetalstobuilde­readersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingfans.Andremembe

r,treesarearenewableresource.Then,there’stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenreadingbothforpleasur

eandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfrommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic(美学的).Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofa

nnotation(“Icanwriteonthepages”),andnavigation(“easytolocatewhereIwas”).Meanwhile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain(眼疲劳)andheadach

eswhenusingscreens.Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadingprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it’seasiertofocus”.Somealsoacknowledgedtheytookmo

retimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidth

eyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternetconnection,it’shardtoresistthetemptation(诱惑)．Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon’tthrea

tenyourenjoymentorunderstandingofatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldacci?Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,ther

ewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon’texpecttounderstandJoyce’snovelsthisway.【解题导语】文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书愈来愈有替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两

者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。9．Whatisanadvantageofreadingahard­copybook?A．Itischeaper.B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.C．Ithelpspeople

thinkdeeper.D．Itprovidesinstantinformation.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。10．What’sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?A．Envi

ronmentalconcern.B．Physicaldiscomfort.C．Lackofconcentration.D．Internetconnection.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的第一句“Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisco

ncentration.”可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。故选C项。11．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowarde­reading?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving

.C．Optimistic.D．Unconcerned.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择

了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。12．Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.B．Byprovidingtypicalexamples.C．Bylistingpracticalsugge

stions.D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.D解析：推理判断题。文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是

通过比较来写作的。故选D项。DKungHeiFatChoymeansHappyNewYear!WelcometoourChineseNewYear/LunarNewYearpages!We’vegotahugecollec

tionoffunactivitiesforyoutoexploreandenjoywithyourkids,bothathomeorintheclassroom.Youcanlearnaboutthecurrentyea

r—YearoftheRooster—orjustenjoyourgeneralChineseNewYearcontent(includingoriginalcolouringpages,crafts,puzzles,workshe

ets,printablesofallsorts)．..butbewarned,there’sprobablyenoughheretolastyouuntilnextChineseNewYear!NineAsian

countriescelebratetheLunarNewYearwithpublicholidaysandvariationsontheactivitiesyouwillfinddescribedbelow.Ab

out1/5oftheworld’spopulationwillbeenjoyingthefestival,andNewYear’sEveistheworld’sbiggestannualmigration,withover200millionpeoplemak

ingeveryefforttogethomeforabigcelebratorydinnerwiththeirextendedfamilies.On16thFebruary2018wewelcomeinane

wChineseNewYear,theYearoftheDog！Forlotsofnewcolouringpages,puzzles,worksheetsandotherprintables,clickhere:YearoftheDog.Lot

sNEW!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个网页上关于中国新年的内容。13．Wherewillthiswritingbefound?A．OnTV.B．Inanewspaper.C．Inabooklet.D．OntheInternet.D解析：文章出处题。根据文章第一段第二句和文章最后

一句可推知，文章应该是出自网站上的一个网页。故选D。14．Whoisthewritingintendedfor?A．Webpagedesigners.B．Schoolteachers.C．Folk­custo

mresearchers.D．Studentsinthefirstgrade.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可推知，这篇文章应是写给学校老师或学生父母的。故选B。15．Whichofthefollowingcausestheworld’sbigges

tannualmigration?A．NineAsiancountriescelebratetheLunarNewYear.B．PeoplecelebrateChineseLunarNewYearwithpublicholidays.C．Over200mi

llionpeopletryhardtogethomeforafeastwiththeirextendedfamilies.D．Twentypercentoftheworld’spopulationwillheenjoyingthefestival.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句

可知，造成每年最大迁移的原因是有超过两亿的人尽一切努力赶回家参加他们大家庭的盛大晚宴。故选C。Ⅱ七选五(2018·江西省重点中学联考)Agoodlaughislikeamildworkout.Itexercisesthemuscles,get

sthebloodflowing,decreasesbloodpressureandimprovessleeppatternsandtheimmunesystem.1.________•Don’ttakelifetoose

riously.Weallhaveobstaclesinlifeandweallmakemistakes.2.________Infact,ifyoucanlaughlight­heartedlyatyourownfault,yo

u’llfindthatyougiveyourselfthatextrahappinessandconfidenceincreasethatcangetyouoveranyobstacle.•Findthehumorinabadsituation

.Sure,therearesomesituationswhereyouarereallysad.3.________Thenexttimeyoufeelthestresslevelsrising,takeaminutetothinkaboutthefunnysideofthesi

tuationandlaughoverthethingsyoucannotcontrol.Thiswillloweryourbloodpressure,bloodsugarlevelsandheartrate.•Remindyourselfoffunnymomentsfro

mthepast.Perhapsafriendtoldyouagreatjoketheotherdayoryourchildrenorpetsdidsomethingamusing.4.________Sometimesjustrelivingafunny

momentcancausetheendorphins(内啡肽),naturalpainkillers,tokickin.•5.________Asthesayinggoes,laughteriscontagious(会传染的)．Somakeapointofseek

ingoutpositivepeoplewhoaren’tafraidtolaughatthemselvesandaregoodatfindinghumorinlife’ssituations.Youngch

ildrenareespeciallyskilledatfindinglaughterandjoyineverydaymoments.A．Takecontroloveryouremotions.B．Thereisnoreasontobla

meyourselfforit.C．However,mostsituationsinlifehavefunnysides.D．Surroundyourselfwithfunpeoplewholiketolaughalot.E．Thefollowin

garesomewaystoenjoymorelaughterandjoyinyourlife.F．Studiesshowthatpeoplewithpetshavelowerlevelsofdepres

sionandstress.G．Callonthesememoriesfrequently,especiallywhenfeelingsad,angryorstressed.【解题导语】面带微笑吧！笑能锻炼肌肉、加速血液流动、降低血压、改善睡眠模式和免疫系统。1．E解析：

下文列举了在生活中享受快乐和笑的方法，故E项符合语境。2．B解析：由第二段主题句以及空格前的“Weallhaveobstaclesinlifeandweallmakemistakes.”可知B项“没有理由为此责备你自己”符合语境。3．C解析：由第三段主题句以及空格前的“Su

re，therearesomesituationswhereyouarereallysad.”可知，C项能与上一句构成转折关系。下文的“thefunnyside”也是提示。4．G解析：由第四段主题句以及空格前的“Perhapsafrien

dtoldyouagreatjoketheotherdayoryourchildrenorpetsdidsomethingamusing.”可知答案。5．D解析：由第五段中的“seekingoutpositivepeople

whoaren’tafraidtolaughatthemselvesandaregoodatfindinghumorinlife’ssituations”可知答案。课时练2知识运用板块练Ⅰ完形填空(2018·青岛质量检测)Payeng’s

tree-plantingprojectbeganwhenhewas16,whenfloodingwipedawayalargepartofforest.Wildlifewereleftwithoutenough__1__，andPayengwatched_

_2__creaturesbegintodieofffromheat.Deeply__3__，Payengdeterminedtogrowtreesallhislife.“I__4__theforestdepartmentandaskedthemiftheycouldgrowtreesonthe

sandbar(沙洲)．Theysaidnothingwould__5__there.__6__,theyaskedmetotrygrowingbamboo.Itwas__7__，butIdidit.Wh

at’smore,therewasnobodyinterestedtohelpme，”Payengsaid.Payengstartedhisforestby__8__bamboosaplings(幼树)everymorningandevening.Heevenbroughtreda

ntstothesandbartohelp__9__thesoil.Whenhisbambootreesgrew,Payengdecidedtoslowly__10__otherspeciesoftre

esintothesandbar.Throughhis__11__act,Payengchangedthesandbarintoathick,greenforestthat__12__numerousbirds,andwildanimals.Payeng’sforestwentl

argely__13__until2008,whenateamofstateofficials__14__it.“Weweresurprisedtofindsuchabig__15__onthesandbar，”GuninSaikia,Assam’sAssistantConserv

atorofForests,said.“Weare__16__atPayeng.Hehasbeenatitfor30years.”Now,Payengmakesa__17__withhisfamilyinthefores

theplantedbyraisingcowsandsellingmilk,andhehashis__18__setonplantingasecondforestonanother1，300­acresandbar.“Itmaytakeanoth

er30years,butIam__19__aboutit，”Payengsaid__20__．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了环保人士Payeng坚持种树30年，在沙洲里创造了一片令人惊叹的森林

。1．A.foodB．waterC．shadeD．spaceC解析：A项意为“食物”；B项意为“水”；C项意为“阴凉处，(树)荫”；D项意为“空间”。结合上文可知，洪水冲走了一大部分森林。由下文“...creatur

esbegintodieofffromheat”可推知，野生生物没有足够的树荫。故选C。2．A.dangerousB．helplessC．aimlessD．fierceB解析：A项意为“危险的”；B项意为“无助的”；C

项意为“没有目标的”；D项意为“凶猛的”。联系上下文可知，野生生物因为没有足够的树荫而死于炎热，所以此时它们应该感到很无助。故选B。3．A.movedB．hurtC．attractedD．saddenedD解析：根据上文可知，森林遭到破坏，野生生物因为没有足够的树

荫而感到无助。Payeng应该对此感到悲伤。D项意为“使悲伤，使难过”，符合题意。故选D。4．A.informedB．blamedC．disturbedD．contactedD解析：A项意为“通知”；B项意为“责备”；C项意为“打扰”；D

项意为“联系”。根据语境可知，Payeng应该是联系林业部门，反映情况。故选D。5．A.growB．liveC．occurD．workA解析：根据语境可知，林业部门认为没有什么可以在沙洲中生长。A项意为“生长”，符合题意。故选A。6．A.

ThereforeB．InsteadC．OtherwiseD．FortunatelyB解析：A项意为“因此”；B项意为“反而，却”；C项意为“否则”；D项意为“幸运地”。根据上文可知，林业部门认为树木无法在沙洲中生长。因此他们反而建议Payeng种植竹子。故选B。7．A.pleasantB．hop

efulC．meaningfulD．painfulD解析：根据语境可知，Payeng是环保人士，由此可推知，当他听到无法通过种树来改变沙洲环境时，他的感觉应该是痛苦的。D项意为“痛苦的”，符合题意。故选D。8．A.wateringB．cuttingC．c

ountingD．observingA解析：A项意为“浇水”；B项意为“切下”；C项意为“计算”；D项意为“观察”。根据常识及语境可知，Payeng通过每天早晚为竹子幼苗浇水开始创造森林。故选A。9．A.changeB．destroyC．addD．improveD解析：根据上

文Payeng将红蚁带到沙洲中可知，他希望就此改良土壤。D项意为“改善，提高”，符合题意。故选D。10．A.throwB．introduceC．putD．sendB解析：根据语境可知，竹子开始生长之后，Payeng

决定引入一些其他的树种。introduce...into为固定用法，意为“将……引进，加入”。故选B。11．A.uniqueB．ridiculousC．strangeD．stubbornA解析：A项意为“独特的，唯一的”；B项意为“荒谬的”；C

项意为“奇怪的”；D项意为“固执的”。根据上文可知，Payeng通过种植竹子来创造森林，因此他的方法是独特的。故选A。12．A.bearsB．includesC．sheltersD．hidesC解析：A项意为“忍受”；B项意为“包括”；C项意为“给……提供遮蔽”；D项意为“隐藏”。根据下文中“

numerousbirds，andwildanimals”可知，绿色的森林可以为小鸟和野生动物提供遮蔽处。故选C。13．A.unacceptedB．unnoticedC．discoveredD．disapp

rovedB解析：A项意为“不被接受的”；B项意为“未被注意的”；C项意为“发现”；D项意为“不支持”。根据上下文可知，Payeng的森林直到2008年才被注意到。not...until为固定短语，意为“直到……才”。故选B。14．A.studiedB．researchedC．camefrom

D．cameacrossD解析：根据语境可知，Payeng的森林一直未被注意到，直到一些官员偶然发现它。短语comeacross意为“偶然遇到”，符合语境。故选D。15．A.forestB．heroC．bambooD．treeA解析：根据语境可知，官员

惊讶地发现沙洲里居然有这么一大片森林。故选A。16．A.sorryB．disappointedC．amazedD．madC解析：根据上文中的“surprised”可知，官员不只是对沙洲里的森林感到惊讶，对它

的创造人也感到惊讶。beamazedat为固定短语，意为“对……感到惊讶”，符合语境。故选C。17．A.livingB．differenceC．wonderD．planA解析：根据下文“byraisingcowsandsellingmil

k”(靠养牛和卖牛奶)可知，Payeng和他的家人靠在森林里养牛和卖牛奶谋生。makealiving为固定短语，意为“谋生”，符合题意。故选A。18．A.companyB．homeC．limitsD．goalsD解析：根据下文“plantingasecondforestonanot

her1，300­acresandbar”可知，此处应指Payeng给自己设定的目标。goal意为“目标”，符合题意。故选D。19．A.anxiousB．optimisticC．worriedD．curiousB解析：A

项意为“焦虑的”；B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“担心的”；D项意为“好奇的”。根据上文“but”表转折可知，虽然种出另一片森林要花费他另一个三十年，但是Payeng对此持乐观态度。故选B。20．A.determinedlyB．hesi

tantlyC．calmlyD．loudlyA解析：根据上文可知，Payeng对种出另一片森林充满信心，因此此处指Payeng坚定地说道。determinedly意为“坚定地”，符合题意。故选A。Ⅱ语法填空(2018·广州检测)

IntheWestwearefamiliarwithballetslikeSwanLake.Butthere’sanotherclassicaldanceformwithalonghistory1.____________hasonlyrecentlyburstontotheworldscene

.ItiscalledclassicalChinesedance.ClassicalChinesedanceis2.____________incrediblydemanding,refined,andexpressivedanceform.Alon

gsideballet,itisalsooneofthemostcomprehensivedancesystems3.____________(know)tohumankind.4．____________recently,fewpeopleoutsideChinahadever

heardofclassicalChinesedance.OnemajorreasonwasthatwhenChinesecompaniesperformedabroad,theyoftenmixedChinesedancewithwes

terndancestyles.Andsotheaudienceleftthetheaternotsureexactly5.____________theyhadjustseen.In2006,however,theShenYunPerformingArtsCompany6

.____________(establish)inNewYork.Itsmissionwastopromote7.____________(tradition)culture,andthisincluded8.____________(present)classicalChinesedancei

nitspurestform.Notquiteadecadelater,classicalChinesedancehasbecomemuch9.____________(well)recognisedandisstartingtoinfluencewestern

ballet.Althoughtheyhavesignificantdifferences,bothballetandclassicalChinesedancehavetheabilitytovividlytell10._______

_____(story)andmoveusthroughbeautifulart.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。1．which/that解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，补充完整是：classicaldanceform

hasonlyrecentlyburstontotheworldscene,所以该定语从句的先行词是“classicaldanceform”，指物，且从句中缺主语。故用which/that。2．an解析：考查冠词。结合句

意可知，此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。空格处表示“一种”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。故用an。3．known解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句有谓语动词“is”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；因为动词know

与它修饰的名词“systems”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。故用known。4．Until解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指直到最近，很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。until意为“到……为止”，通常与完成时态搭配，untilrecently意为“直到最近”，

符合语境。故用Until。注意首字母大写。5．what解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“theyhadjustseen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语。故用what。6．wasestablished解析：考查动

词的时态和语态。动词establish与“theShenYunPerformingArtsCompany”之间是被动关系；又因为本文都使用了一般过去时，因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故用wasestablished。7．traditional解析：考查词性转换。结

合句意可知，此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。故用traditional。8．presenting解析：考查非谓语动词。include后要接动名词作宾语。故用prese

nting。9．better解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，不到十年的时间，中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。此处much修饰副词well的比较级。故用better。10．stories解析：

考查名词复数。story是可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰，故应用其复数形式。故用stories。课时练3语法写作增分练第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2018·福建泉

州检测)BeijingOperarolesrequireperformerstopaint61.____________(they)facesinpatternsandcolorstorepresentdifferen

tcharactertypesand62.____________(quality)．InBeijingOpera,facialpaintingcanbequitecomplex.However,inthe63.______________(

begin)，onlythreecolorswereused—red,white,andblack.Now,manyothercolors,such64.____________yellow,purple,bluea

ndgreen,areusedforfacialpainting.Redisacolorforbraveandloyalcharacters.GuanYu,ageneralfromtheThreeKingdomsPeriod(A.D.220－280),isagoodexampleofthiski

ndofcharacter.Heisfamous65.____________beingveryloyaltohisemperor,LiuBei.Whitehighlightsall66.____________isbadinhumannature.It

67.____________(suggest)dishonestyandbetrayal(背叛).Oneofthetypicalwhite-facedcharactersisCaoCao,a68.____________(power)andcruelprimeministe

rfromtheThreeKingdomsPeriod.Blackfacepaintis69.____________(usual)usedforsomeonewhoisfierceandviolent.Onetypical

exampleisGeneralZhangFeifromtheclassicnovel,RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.Allthesedifferentcolorsareusedi

nBeijingOperafacialpainting70.____________(provide)aclearpictureofeachcharacter.【解题导语】京剧的角色需要表演者画脸，而脸谱的颜色以红色、白色和黑色为主。

本文介绍了京剧脸谱的主要颜色所代表的意义。61．their解析：考查代词。句意：京剧的角色要求表演者用不同图案和颜色涂抹他们的脸，以此来表现不同的人物类型和品质。空后的faces为名词，其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。62．qualities解析：考查名

词单复数。句意见上一题解析。quality指人的品质、性格时，为可数名词，根据and连接的并列成分types可知，此处应用复数形式。故填qualities。63．beginning解析：考查词性转换。句意：然而，在最初的时候，只使用三种颜色——红色、白色和黑色。in

thebeginning为固定短语，意为“开始；起初”。64．as解析：考查固定搭配。句意：现在，很多其他的颜色，如黄色、紫色、蓝色和绿色也被用于脸谱绘画。suchas为固定短语，用于表示列举例子，意为“例如”。65．for解析：考查固定搭配。句意：他因为非常忠

于他的皇帝——刘备而出名。befamousfor...意为“因为……出名”，为固定搭配。故填for。66．that解析：考查定语从句。句意：白色强调人性中坏的一面。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为all，关系词只能用that。67．suggests解析：考查动词

的时态。句意：白色表示不忠和背叛。整篇文章的时态为一般现在时，故此处也应用一般现在时。故填suggests。68．powerful解析：考查词性转换。句意：其中一个典型的白脸人物是曹操，他是三国时期一个权力强大、残暴的丞相。and

连接两个并列的形容词，修饰名词primeminister。因此，此处应用形容词。故填powerful。69．usually解析：考查词性转换。句意：黑色脸谱通常用于勇猛暴躁的人。本句中used为动词，所以用副词修饰。故填usuall

y。70．toprovide解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些不同的颜色被用在京剧脸谱绘画中是为了给每个人物勾勒出鲜明的形象。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填toprovide。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第

一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加

一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018·广州综合检测)Theoldsaying

“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm”showustheimportanceofplanning,workinghardandtryingconstant.Toachieveoutstandingresults,themostpeoplemustplanah

eadandworkdiligentlytoovercomeallkindofdifficulties.Thathasbeenmyownexperience,either.WhenIfirststartedathighschool,Iseldompassedmyexams

,soIneverpreparedwell.Later,myteacher,Mr.Black,advisedmeplaneverythinginadvance.Sheaskedmetostudyhardaswell.Afterayearofputtinghisadvice

ontopractice,Icannoweasilypassallmyexams.Therearenoshortcutstosucceed.答案：Theoldsaying“Theearlybirdcatchesthewo

rm”showshowsustheimportanceofplanning,workinghardandtryingconstantconstantly.Toachieveoutstandingresults,the＼mostpeoplemustplana

headandworkdiligentlytoovercomeallkindkindsofdifficulties.Thathasbeenmyownexperience,eithertoo.WhenIfirststarteda

thighschool,Iseldompassedmyexams,sobecauseIneverpreparedwell.Later,myteacher,Mr.Black,advisedme∧toplaneverythingi

nadvance.SheHeaskedmetostudyhardaswell.Afterayearofputtinghisadviceontointopractice,Icannoweasilypassallmyexams.Therearenoshortc

utstosucceedsuccess/succeeding.第二节书面表达(满分25分)(2018·东北三省四市模拟)假定你是李华，你在国外某网站上买了三本英文原版书籍，15天内能到货，但是至今已超过了3天

你仍未收到书。请你根据图片内容和以下要点给该网站写一封邮件。1．说明写邮件的目的；2．描述相关信息(快递单号、发货日期等)；3．提出你的要求。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam，______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerel

yyours，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear__Sir__or__Madam，I’mwritingtoaskforsomeinformationaboutthebooksIboughtonyourwebs

ite.ThepurchasewasmadeonMarch12th.AsisshowninShipmentDetails,thedeliverynumberisHU186GB0092.Thebookswerese

ntoutonMarch13thandaresupposedtohavearrivedwithin15days.Buttoday,unfortunately,I’mstillwaitingafter3d

ays.Idon’tthinkyourdeliveryissatisfying,forIcan’tfindmoreinformationaboutshipmentafterMarch18th.I’dliketopointoutI’veprovidedmyrightadd

ressandalreadypaidforthebooks.Pleasedealwiththismatterimmediatelyandletmeknowthelatestinformation.Yourearliestreplywillbe

highlyappreciated.Sincerely__yours，Li__Hua