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Ⅰ阅读理解(2018·甘肃诊断)The2016NobelPrizeinPhysicsissharedbythreescientists,theRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedinStockholmon

Tuesday.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2016wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless,theotherhalftoF.DuncanM.Ha

ldaneandJ.MichaelKosterlitzfor“theoreticaldiscoveriesoftopologicalphasetransitionsandtopologicalphasesofmatter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)”．Haldanesaidhewas“v

erysurprised”atthenews,addingthathewasgladthattheirdiscoveriesfoundsomethingpreviouslyunnoticedbymany,andthattheyrevealed“morepossibilitiesfor

lookingfornewmaterials”.Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona,andwillbespl

itproperlybetweenthethreewinners.Thewinnersaregivenasumofmoneywhentheyreceivetheirprizes,intheformofadoc

umentconfirmingtheamountawarded.TheamountofprizemoneydependsuponhowmuchmoneytheNobelFoundation(基金会)canawardeachye

ar.Thepursehasincreasedsincethe1980s,whentheprizemoneywas880，000SEKperprize.In2009,themonetaryawardwas10millionSEK.InJune2012,itwaslowere

dto8millionSEK.Iftherearetwowinnersofaparticularprize,theawardmoneyisdividedequallybetweenthewinners.Iftherearethree,theawardingcommittee

canchoosetodividethemoneyequally,orawardone­halftoonewinnerandone­quartertoeachoftheothers.Itiscommonforwinnersto

donateprizemoneytobenefitscientific,cultural,orcharitablecauses.【解题导语】本文介绍了2016年诺贝尔物理学奖的归属以及诺贝尔奖的相关知识，包括奖金的金额、来源和分配。1．HowmuchprizemoneydoesThoulessg

et?A．8millionSwedishkrona.B．6millionSwedishkrona.C．4millionSwedishkrona.D．2millionSwedishkrona.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Th

eNobelPrizeinPhysics2016wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless...及第三段Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona.

..可知，2016年的奖金是800万瑞典克朗，而索利斯获得了一半的奖金。故选C项。2．Accordingtothepassage,Haldanethoughtthathiswork________．A．wasfarfromendingB．wasbasedonmanypr

eviousstudiesC．hadperfectlybeencompletedD．hadsurprisedthewholeworldA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Heparticularlypointedoutthatal

otofworkwasstillongoing.可知，霍尔丹指出还有很多工作仍在进行，即远远没有结束。故选A项。3．Theamountofprizemoney________．A．hasbeeneverincreasingsince

the1980sB．hasbeeneverdecreasingsincethe1980sC．remains880，000SEKeachyearafter2012D．differsaccordingtotheNobelFoundation’saffordabilit

yD解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，诺贝尔奖的奖金金额并不是固定的，而是根据每年诺贝尔基金会所能奖励的金额而决定。故选D项。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Thepurposeoftheawardmoney.B．Thenumberofwi

nnersperprize.C．Howthewinnersareselected.D．Howtheawardmoneyisdealtwith.D解析：段落大意题。最后一段讲了诺贝尔奖奖金的分配及获奖人如何利用这些奖金。故选D项。Ⅱ七选五(2018·南昌十校模拟)Wanttolivei

naperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly?1.________Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithC

oke.It’samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2.________You’llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsav

emoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterst

ainswithorangepeels.You’vejusteatenanorange.3.________Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocl

eanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub(擦)themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethose

stubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreat

forpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4.________Aft

erwards,removetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain.5．________Whywouldyou

wanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(无毒的)?Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalf

ateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurf

acescleanandshiny.A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner.C．Followthestepsgivenbelow.D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．T

heyleavenomarksorscratches.F．Insteadofdrinkingit,useittocleanthetoiletbowl.G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文

。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。1．C解析：根据空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebr

ightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。2．F解析：本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符

合语境。3．A解析：根据下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels...”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。4．E解析：根据上文中的“Bananaski

nsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。5．B解析：根据下文中的“youcanmake

yourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(无毒的)？”“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。Ⅲ语法填空(201

8·银川检测)WorldReadAloudDayiscelebratedeachyearonthefirstWednesdayofMarch.It1.____________(start)bytheLitWorld.orgin2010andhasn

owreached65countries.Theaimistoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Itswebsiteasksever

yone2.____________(celebrate)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrit

e3.____________(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasks4.____________(visit)tojoininthemovementtoreduce5.___

______numberofilliterate(不识字的)peopleintheworld.Itis6.__________(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocanno

tread.Thewebsitesays,“It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto7.____________mightlikeit.Shareabookwithachildwhomightneedit,sharea

storywithsomeonewhowouldtreasureit,andlistenpatiently8.____________someoneelse’sstoryastheysharewithyou.”TheUnitedNationssays，“Literacyinvol

vesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,9.____________

toparticipatefullyinsociety.”Inthatway,WorldReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea10.____________(different)．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了

WorldReadAloudDay(世界朗读日)。1．wasstarted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。WorldReadAloudDay在2010年由LitWorld.org发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in20

10”，故用一般过去时。2．tocelebrate解析：考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。3．belongs解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世

界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为theright，故填belongs。4．visitors解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。5．the解

析：考查冠词。thenumberof...是固定搭配，表示“„„的数量”。6．absolutely解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。7．whoever解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语

。8．to解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listento是固定搭配。9．and解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。10．difference解析：考查名词。makeadifference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此

处应用所给词的名词形式。Ⅳ短文改错(2018·武汉武昌区调研)WhenIwasintheGradeOne，IwasterriblepoorinEnglish.BesleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidw

ellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileIgotthepapers，IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifIlistenedtotheteacheratten

tively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouinEnglishnow,you’llmakeit.”Ican’tag

reemuch.Fromthenon，Ibegantostudyharder.Outofmyexpectation，Imadegreatachievementsoon.Today，Englishiswhichmystrengthlies.And

I’mgratefulformyEnglishteacher.答案：WhenIwasinthe＼GradeOne，IwasterribleterriblypoorinEnglish.BeBeingsleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelyd

idwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileWhenIgotthepapers，IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifI∧h

adlistenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouyourselfinEnglishnow,you

’llmakeit.”Ican’tagreemuchmore.Fromthenon，Ibegantostudyharder.Outofmyexpectation，Imadegreatachievementachievementssoon.Today

，Englishiswhichwheremystrengthlies.AndI’mgratefulfortomyEnglishteacher.