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Ⅰ阅读理解(2018·甘肃诊断)The2016NobelPrizeinPhysicsissharedbythreescientists,theRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedin

StockholmonTuesday.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2016wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless,theotherhalftoF.Dunca

nM.HaldaneandJ.MichaelKosterlitzfor“theoreticaldiscoveriesoftopologicalphasetransitionsandtopologicalphasesofmatter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)”．Haldanesaidhewas“ver

ysurprised”atthenews,addingthathewasgladthattheirdiscoveriesfoundsomethingpreviouslyunnoticedbymany,andthattheyr

evealed“morepossibilitiesforlookingfornewmaterials”.Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwed

ishkrona,andwillbesplitproperlybetweenthethreewinners.Thewinnersaregivenasumofmoneywhentheyreceivetheirprizes,intheformofadocumentconfirmingth

eamountawarded.TheamountofprizemoneydependsuponhowmuchmoneytheNobelFoundation(基金会)canawardeachyear.Thepursehasincreasedsincethe1980s,wh

entheprizemoneywas880，000SEKperprize.In2009,themonetaryawardwas10millionSEK.InJune2012,itwasloweredto8millionSEK.Iftherearetw

owinnersofaparticularprize,theawardmoneyisdividedequallybetweenthewinners.Iftherearethree,theawardingcommitteec

anchoosetodividethemoneyequally,orawardone­halftoonewinnerandone­quartertoeachoftheothers.Itiscommonforwinnerstodonateprizemoneytobenefitscienti

fic,cultural,orcharitablecauses.【解题导语】本文介绍了2016年诺贝尔物理学奖的归属以及诺贝尔奖的相关知识，包括奖金的金额、来源和分配。1．HowmuchprizemoneydoesThoulessget?A．8millionSw

edishkrona.B．6millionSwedishkrona.C．4millionSwedishkrona.D．2millionSwedishkrona.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Th

eNobelPrizeinPhysics2016wasdivided,withonehalfawardedtoDavidJ.Thouless...及第三段Theyear’sprizeamountis8millionSwedishkrona...可知，2016年的

奖金是800万瑞典克朗，而索利斯获得了一半的奖金。故选C项。2．Accordingtothepassage,Haldanethoughtthathiswork________．A．wasfarfromendingB．wasbasedonm

anypreviousstudiesC．hadperfectlybeencompletedD．hadsurprisedthewholeworldA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Heparticularlypointedoutthatalotofworkwasstillongoing.

可知，霍尔丹指出还有很多工作仍在进行，即远远没有结束。故选A项。3．Theamountofprizemoney________．A．hasbeeneverincreasingsincethe1980sB．hasbeeneverdecreasingsincethe1

980sC．remains880，000SEKeachyearafter2012D．differsaccordingtotheNobelFoundation’saffordabilityD解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，诺贝尔奖的奖金金额并不

是固定的，而是根据每年诺贝尔基金会所能奖励的金额而决定。故选D项。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Thepurposeoftheawardmoney.B．Thenumberofwinnersperprize.C．Howthewinnersaresel

ected.D．Howtheawardmoneyisdealtwith.D解析：段落大意题。最后一段讲了诺贝尔奖奖金的分配及获奖人如何利用这些奖金。故选D项。Ⅱ七选五(2018·南昌十校模拟)Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshineb

rightly?1.________Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithCoke.It’samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2.__

______You’llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomec

olaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!Removewaterstainswithorangepeels.You’vejusteatenanorange.3

.________Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagaina

fteryourub(擦)themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclai

mthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4.________Afterwar

ds,removetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnew

again.5．________Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(无毒的)?Justpour2liters

ofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandth

enfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner.C．

Followthestepsgivenbelow.D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．Theyleavenomarksorscratches.F．Insteadofdrinkingit,useittoc

leanthetoiletbowl.G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一

些小妙招。1．C解析：根据空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.”以及接下来列举的

几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。2．F解析：本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。3．A解析：根据下文中的“Donotthrowaway

thoseorangepeels...”可知，吃了橘子后，稍等片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。4．E解析：根据上文中的“Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherightt

exturetodothetask.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。5．B解析：根据下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnon-toxic(无毒的)？”“Usei

ttocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。Ⅲ语法填空(2018·银川检测)WorldReadAloudDayiscelebratedeachyearon

thefirstWednesdayofMarch.It1.____________(start)bytheLitWorld.orgin2010andhasnowreached65countries.Theaim

istoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Itswebsiteaskseveryone2.____________(celebrate

)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite3.

____________(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasks4.____________(visit)tojoininthemovementtoreduce5._________numberofilliterate(不识字的)peoplei

ntheworld.Itis6.__________(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocannotread.Thewebsitesays,“It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto7.____________mightl

ikeit.Shareabookwithachildwhomightneedit,shareastorywithsomeonewhowouldtreasureit,andlistenpatiently8.____________someoneelse’ss

toryastheysharewithyou.”TheUnitedNationssays，“Literacyinvolvesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,

9.____________toparticipatefullyinsociety.”Inthatway,WorldReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea10.____________(different)．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，

主要介绍了WorldReadAloudDay(世界朗读日)。1．wasstarted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。WorldReadAloudDay在2010年由LitWorld.org发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时

间状语是“in2010”，故用一般过去时。2．tocelebrate解析：考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。3．belongs解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世

界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为theright，故填belongs。4．visitors解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。5．the解析：考查冠词。thenumberof

...是固定搭配，表示“„„的数量”。6．absolutely解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。7．whoever解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoeve

r引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。8．to解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listento是固定搭配。9．and解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。10．difference解析：考

查名词。makeadifference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式。Ⅳ短文改错(2018·武汉武昌区调研)WhenIwasintheGradeOne，IwasterriblepoorinEnglish.Besleepyincla

sswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileIgotthepapers，IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifI

listenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouinEnglishnow,you’llmakeit.”Ican’tagreemuch.Fromthe

non，Ibegantostudyharder.Outofmyexpectation，Imadegreatachievementsoon.Today，Englishiswhichmystrengthlies.A

ndI’mgratefulformyEnglishteacher.答案：WhenIwasinthe＼GradeOne，IwasterribleterriblypoorinEnglish.BeBeingsleepyinclasswason

eofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamidtermexam.WhileWhenIgotthepapers，Irealizedthatthingswould

bebetterifI∧hadlistenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme，“Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouyourselfinEnglishnow,yo

u’llmakeit.”Ican’tagreemuchmore.Fromthenon，Ibegantostudyharder.Outofmyexpectation，Imadegreatachievementachievementssoon.Today，Englishiswhichw

heremystrengthlies.AndI’mgratefulfortomyEnglishteacher.