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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·成都高三摸底测试)TheScottishcomposerEvelynGlennielostnearlyallherhearingasayounggirl，yetwentontoaverysuccessfulcareer

inmusicincludingwinningGrammyawards.Whensomebodyasksher，“Howdoyouhear？”Sheresponds，“Howdoyouhear？Isitonlywithyourears？”ForGlennie，andforustoo，listen

ingisnotonlyhearing，butisunderstanding.Weneedtolistentowhatissaidandunsaid，andalsohowitissaid.It’simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.As

MarkTwainsaid，“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug(萤火虫)．”Ifyoumisssomet

hingoryou’renotsureyou’veheardaccurately，askthespeakers.Atthispointyou’renotevaluatingwhattheysay，butjustlookingforaccuracyandunders

tanding.Herearesomewaystogetclearaboutwhattheysayanddon’tsay.Whyaretheysayingthisnow，insteadofsoonerorlater？Whyaretheyemphasizingthese

points，insteadofsomethingelse?Listentohowitissaid.Peoplesendsignalsaboutwhattheymeanwiththeirvoicesandbodylanguagethatsometimesdiff

erfromthewordstheysay.Whilegoingthroughthenextpoints，thinkaboutsomeonewhoserealmeaningyoumightsometimesmiss，andseeifany

ofthesesignalsmightcomeup.First，voices.Whenothersspeak，noticechangesintheirvolume，pace，andtone.Second，bodylanguage.Noticegestures，eyecontact，an

dfacialexpressions.Dothesesyncwhattheyaresaying，ordotheytelladifferentstory？Third，emotions.Whatistheperson’struefeelin

g？Nowyoumightnotknowforsure，butbeconsiderate，opentounderstanding，andaskthoughtfulquestions.【解题导语】本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。1．What’sthew

riter’spurposeofmentioningEvelynGlennie?A．Togiveanexampleofwisewords.B．Tointroduceaworld­famousmusician.C．Tohelpexplainthemeaningoflistening.D．Toe

ncourageustofightagainstdisability.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ForGlennie，andforustoo，listeningisnotonlyhearing，butisun

derstanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。2．WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarkTwainsaid?A．Itisimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeo

fEnglishwords.B．Peopleshouldknowwordscanbeusedinmanydifferentways.C．Englishisaverycomplicatedlanguagewithalargevocabulary.D．Theslightdifferencebetw

eenwordsmayresultinmisunderstanding.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It’simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.”和“Atthispointyou’renotevaluatingwhatthey

say，butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解。”与MarkTwain所说的话意思相吻合。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sync

”probablymean?A．Match.B．Prove.C．Describe.D．Analyze.A解析：词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures，eyecontact，an

dfacialexpressions”；再根据画线词后的“whattheyaresaying，ordotheytelladifferentstory”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。4．Whichisthebe

sttitleofthispassage?A．SpeakWhileYouListenB．ListenBeyondWordsC．ReadBetweenLinesD．ThinkasYouTalkB解析：标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听

懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。B(2018·洛阳高三统考)Allovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatar

enotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago，childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietif

grown­upsweretalking.Today,well­manneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmanne

rsinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdothe

ywantyoutohave?Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp(打嗝)”afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikeyourfood.Insomecountries,ifyougivealoudburp,youare

toldtosay“Excuseme,please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingatall.Peopleshowgoodman

nersbyturningtheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?Thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebe

ingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite,youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.

Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyoucometohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoft

heothertents，youwillbeaskedintoeachone.Thepeoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovert

heworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneedwaystoshowthattheywanttobefriends.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。5．Howdi

dpolitechildrenbehaveinthepast?A．Bylookingintoadults’eyeswhiletalking.B．Bykeepingsilentwhileadultswe

retalking.C．Byslippingintothehousewithoutbeingheard.D．Bynotopeningtheirmouthsuntilspokento.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“T

heykeptquitequietifgrown-upsweretalking.”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。6．Whichcustomshouldwefollowinordertolookwell-mannered?A．Saying“Excuseme”o

nburpinginMongolia.B．InvitinggueststodinnertogetherinPolynesia.C．TalkingwithafriendbeforehecompletesthingsinEast

Africa.D．AcceptinganeatinginvitationinArabia.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句“Thepeoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyous

ayno.”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃饭的邀请是礼貌的行为。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Hearmuch，speaklittle.B．Loveme，lovemydog.C．WheninRomedoastheRomansdo

.D．Dowhatyououghtto.C解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.”可推知，礼仪因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入乡随俗。Ⅱ完形填空(20

18·郑州质量预测)Iwasstandinginthecheckoutlinebehindawomanwholookedtobeinher60s.Whenitwasherturntopay,thecashier(收银员)__1__herbynameandaskedherhowsh

ewasdoing.Thewomanlookeddown,shookherheadandsaid,“Notsogood.Myhusbandjustlosthisjobandmy__2__sonisuptohisoldtricksagain.ThetruthisIdon’tkno

whowI’mgoingto__3__theholidays.”Thenshegavethecashierfoodstamps.Myheart__4__.Iwantedtohelpbutdidn’tknowhow.Shoul

dIofferto__5__hergroceriesoraskforherhusband’ssituation?__6__Iwalkedintotheparkinglot,Ispottedthewomanreturn

inghershoppingcart.IrememberedsomethinginmypursethatIthoughtmighthelpher.Itwasn’tahandfulofcashoran__7__ofajobforherhusband,butmaybeitwouldmakeher

life__8__．MyheartbeatfasterasI__9__thewoman.“Excuseme，”Isaid,myvoicetremblingabit.“Icouldn’thelpoverhearingwhatyousaidtothecashier.Itsound

slikeyou’regoingthroughareally__10__timerightnow.I’msosorry,butI’dliketogiveyousomething.”Itookasmallcardoutofmypurseand

__11__ittoher.Whenthewomanreadthecard’sonlytwowords,shebegantocry.Andthroughher__12__，shesaid,“Youhavenoideahowmuchthis__13__tome.”Iwasalittle_

_14__byherreply.Havingneverdoneanythinglikethisbefore,Ididn’tknowwhatkindof__15__Imightreceive.AllIcouldthinktorespondwas,“

Oh,my!WoulditbeOKtogiveyoua__16__？”Afterwehugged__17__，Iwalkedbacktomycar—andbegantocrytoo.Thewordsonthecard?“YouMatter.”Afewweeksearlier,acoll

eaguegavemeasimilarcardas__18__foraprojectIwasworkingon.WhenIreadthecard,Ifelta__19__glow(喜悦)spreadinsideofme.Deeplytouched,Icamehomeandorderedmyownb

oxof“YouMatter”cardsandstarted__20__them.【解题导语】本文讲述了“我”和一位老妇人之间的故事。“我”送给一位生活不如意的老妇人一张卡片，上面写着“YouMatter”

，这让她很感动。1．A.calledB．greetedC．recognizedD．heardB解析：根据该句中的“andaskedherhowshewasdoing”可知，收银员问她过得怎么样，据此可以判断，收银员

在和她打招呼(greeted)，故B项正确。A项意为“打电话”；C项意为“认出”；D项意为“听到”，都与语境不符。2．A.confidentB．independentC．hopelessD．stubbo

rnC解析：根据该句中的“sonisuptohisoldtricksagain”可知，她的儿子故伎重演；据此可以判断，她对她的儿子是感到绝望的(hopeless)。A项意为“自信的”；B项意为“独立的”；D项意为“固执的”。3．A.thinkaboutB．giveupC．go

onD．getthroughD解析：根据上文可知，她的丈夫刚失业，儿子故伎重演，她过得不好；据此可以判断，她不知道如何度过(getthrough)假期。A项意为“考虑”；B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“继续”，都与语境不符。4．A.ache

dB．failedC．beatD．brokeA解析：根据下文的“Iwantedtohelpbutdidn’tknowhow.”并结合第一段中老妇人对丈夫和儿子的描述可知，“我”听后感到心疼(ached)。B项意

为“失败”；C项意为“跳动”；D项意为“破碎”。5．A.sendforB．provideforC．payforD．begforC解析：根据上文中的“Whenitwasherturntopay”并结合该句中的“hergroceries”可知，“我”不知道如何帮助她，是不是可以帮她付款(payfor

)。A项意为“索取，派人去叫”；B项意为“提供”；D项意为“乞求”。6．A.AsB．ThoughC．UnlessD．SinceA解析：当“我”走进停车场时，“我”看到她正退还购物车。A项意为“当„„时候”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“除非”；D项意为“自从„„以来”，都与

语境不符。7．A.excuseB．offerC．experienceD．opinionB解析：根据该句中的“ofajobforherhusband”可知，这并不是给她丈夫提供的一份工作。A项意为“借口”，C项意为“经历”；D项意

为“观点”，都与语境不符。8．A.harderB．wealthierC．simplerD．betterD解析：根据上文中的“Notsogood”及该句中的“butmaybeitwouldmakeherlife”可以判断，“我”的帮助也

许会让她的生活更好(better)一点。9．A.touchedB．foundC．passedD．approachedD解析：根据语境可知，当“我”靠近(approached)她时，“我”的心跳得更快了。A项意为“触摸”；B项意为“发现”；C项意为“经过”，都与语境不符。10

．A.happyB．toughC．regularD．longB解析：根据第一段可知，她的丈夫刚失业，儿子故伎重演，她过得不好；据此可知，她此刻过着艰难的(tough)生活。A项意为“幸福的”；C项意为“经常的”；D项意为“长久的”，都与语境不符。11．A.handedB．showedC．spre

adD．explainedA解析：根据语境可知，“我”从钱包里取出一张小卡片并递给(handed)她。B项意为“展示”；C项意为“传播”；D项意为“解释”，都与语境不符。12．A.thanksB．fearsC．tearsD．beliefsC解析：根据上文中的“shebegantocry”可以判

断，她含着泪(tears)和“我”说话。13．A.bringsB．meansC．valuesD．containsB解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“你不知道这对我意义(means)多大”。A项意为“带来”；C项意为“珍视”；D项意为“包含”，都与语境不符。14．A.worried

B．excitedC．movedD．shockedD解析：根据下文中的“Havingneverdoneanythinglikethisbefore”可知，“我”以前从来没有做过这样的事情，所以对她的反应有点儿震惊。

A项意为“担心的，焦虑的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“感动的”。15．A.reactionB．feelingC．expressionD．answerA解析：根据下文中的“AllIcouldthinktorespondwas”可以判断，“我”不知道自己会收到什么样的反应(react

ion)。B项意为“感情”；C项意为“表达”；D项意为“答案”，都与语境不符。16．A.presentB．promiseC．hugD．rideC解析：根据下文中的“Afterwehugged”可以判断，此处表示“我给你一个拥抱

(hug)好吗？”，故选C。17．A.wildlyB．tightlyC．gentlyD．eagerlyB解析：根据语境可知，在“我们”紧紧拥抱之后“我”回到“我”的车上，也开始哭。A项意为“激烈地”；C项意为“温柔地”；D项意为“热切地”，都与语境不符。18．A.pro

gressB．effortC．encouragementD．praiseC解析：根据该句中的“foraprojectIwasworkingon”并结合下文的“Ifelta______glow(喜悦)spreadinsideofme”可知，同事给“我”这

张卡片是为了鼓励“我”工作。A项意为“进步”；B项意为“努力”；D项意为“表扬”，都与语境不符。19．A.warmB．richC．softD．fierceA解析：根据语境可知，“我”感到一种温暖的(warm)喜

悦感在“我”身上传播。B项意为“丰富的”；C项意为“柔软的”；D项意为“凶恶的”，都与语境不符。20．A.gatheringB．enjoyingC．preparingD．sharingD解析：根据语境可知，“我”深受感动，回到家后开始将这些

写着“YouMatter”的卡片分享(sharing)给别人。A项意为“集中”；B项意为“享受”；C项意为“准备”，都与语境不符。