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Ⅰ阅读理解A(2018·江西赣中南五校联考)Initsearlyhistory，Chicagohadfloodsfrequently，especiallyinthespring，makingthestree

tssomuddythatpeople，horsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentlikethis：AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Aske

difheneedshelp，hereplies，“No，thanks.I’vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage(排水)system，buttheres

implywasn’tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethe

city.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencover

themwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity’sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem：dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofevery

buildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice：eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements，andthesecondstoriesintomainfloo

rs，orhoist(吊起)theentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood­framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge，heavystructuresl

iketheTremontHotel,whichwasasix­storybrickbuilding?That’swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse­movin

gskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel，Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneaththebuilding’sfoundation.Onemanw

asassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman’ssigneachmanturnedhisjackscrewsbythesameamountatthesametime，t

herebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly，theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation，andmanyofitsguestsdidn’tevennoti

ceanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago’searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreat

eanewproblem.NowthatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver，thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.【解题导语】本文主要介绍

了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行了一些解决方案的故事。1．TheauthormentionsthejokeinParagraph1toshow________．A．horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB．Chicago’sstreet

swereextremelymuddyC．ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD．theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorousB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Inits

earlyhistory，Chicagohadfloodsfrequently，especiallyinthespring，makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople，horsesandcarts

gotstuck.”可推知，作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥泞，故选B。2．ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________．A．getridofth

estreetdirtB．lowertheChicagoRiverC．fightagainstheavyfloodsD．buildthepipesabovegroundD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedth

ecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.”可知，EllisChesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决

洪水泛滥所带来的问题，故选D。3．WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotel?A．Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B．Itinterruptedthebusin

essofthehotel.C．ItinvolvedPullmaninturningtenjackscrews.D．Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.A解析：细节

理解题。根据第五段内容可推知，用螺旋千斤顶把theTremontHotel升高的事项进展顺利，故选A。4．ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago’s________．A．popularlifestyle

sandtheirinfluencesB．environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC．engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD．successfulbusinessmenandt

heirachievementsC解析：主旨大意题。结合全文可知，本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥如何应对洪水泛滥的问题的故事，故选C。B(2018·淄博模拟)WhenColumbus“sailedtheoceanbluein1492”hewasn’tlooki

ngforAmerica.HewassearchingforaroutefromSpaintoChina；Americajustgotintheway.TheSpanishwereaftertherichesofAsia：silk，dates，spices.Untillater

adventurersdiscoveredhowtosailtotheFarEast，tradewithChinadependedontheSilkRoad.ThetradebetweenChinaandEuropebroughth

ugewealth，sotheSpanishhadastrongdesiretofindanewwaytotheEast.Eventuallyawayappeared；asseatrafficdevelopedfromthe17thCenturyonwards，theo

verlandroutediminished．NowChinaisseekingtorevive(复兴)theSilkRoadandispreparingtoinvest4trillionpoundsinnewroads，raillinks，oilpipelinesandotherbasicfa

cilities.Itishopedthatgoodscanbeshippedwestwardsbylandfarmorequicklyandeconomicallythanbysea.Buttheplanisalsotoattractmoretou

rists.Actually，Chinadoesprettywellfortouristsalready；it’stheworld’sfourthmostvisitedcountry.Twocities—BeijingandShanghai—possessthetourismbusine

ss，withsignificantinterestindestinationssuchasXi’anandChengdu.WhileBeijingismodern，citiessuchasLanzhouandDunhuanghaveonefootplantedfirmlyinoldChina

.OtherplacesfeaturedincludeXi’an，theformercapitalofChina，whereyoucancomefacetofacewiththeTerracottaArmybuilttoprotect

China’sfirstemperorintheafterlife.FromLanzhoutourmemberstakethetraintoJiayuguan，China’swesterngatewayandakeyloc

ationontheSilkRoad.Thereisalsoafour­daycoachjourneyalongtheoriginalSilkRoutethroughtheXinjiangregiontoKashgar.Alongtheway，atKurla，youcanvisittheru

insoftheIronFortress.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在古代，丝绸之路促进了东西方商品和文化的交流，后来没落了。但是最近几年，中国复兴丝绸之路的计划使它又焕发了活力、魅力。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminished

”inParagraph2mean?A．Discovered.B．Disappeared.C．Disturbed.D．Displayed.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段最后两句中的“theSpanishha

dastrongdesiretofindanewwaytotheEast.Eventuallyawayappeared；asseatrafficdevelopedfromthe17thCenturyonwards”可知，当时西班牙人找到了一条更快、更方便的通往中国的海路，因此随

着海上贸易的发展，那条陆地上的丝绸之路逐渐废弃、消失不见了。由此可推断出，“diminish”应意为“消失”。故选B。6．WhatisthepurposeofrevivingtheSilkRoad?A．TorebuildtheruinsoftheIro

nFortress.B．Toconstructnewroadsandotherbasicstructures.C．Tomaketransportationwestwardsfasterandcheaper.D．Todrawmorei

nlandtourists’attentiontothewesterngateway.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这是为了更快、更便宜地将商品输送至西方。故选C。7．WhatcanwelearnabouttheSilkRoad?A．Itisnothingbutatr

aderoute.B．Itmaydestroysomecities’ancientstyle.C．Itattractsforeigninvestmentof￡4trillion.D．ItpromotesthetourismindustryofChina.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句

可知，复兴丝绸之路也是为了吸引更多的游客，促进中国旅游业的发展。故选D。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCharmingoftheSilkRoadB．TheFunctionoftheSilkRoadC．T

heOriginoftheSilkRoadD．TheFutureoftheSilkRoadA解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要讲述的是：在最近几年，丝绸之路又焕发出了魅力和活力，它不仅方便了商品的运输，而且促进了中国旅游业的发展。A项体现了本文的主题，适合用作标题。

故选A。Ⅱ完形填空(2018·山西考前适应性测试)Myfather,DannyThomas,wasafamouscomedian,singer,actor,andproducerwithmanyfans.WhenIwasachildI__1__

him.Once,myfathermadea(n)__2__withMargaretO’Brienandheoftentookmetotheset.Ialsowantedtobeamoviestar.Tenyearslater,atageseventee

n,Igotmy__3__．IplayedtheleadinGigi.However,the__4__offinallybeingarealactresswaspainfullyshort-lived.Alltheinterviewsandallthereviews__5__myf

ather.WouldIbeasgoodasmyfather?WouldIbeaspopular?Iwasextremely__6__．Ilovedmyfather,butmy__7__wasjusthim

.“Daddy，”Ibegan,“pleasedon’tbe__8__whenItellyouthis.Iwanttochangemy__9__.IloveyoubutIdon’twanttobeaThomasanymore.”Itriednotto__10__duringthelo

ngsilence.Andthenhesaid,“Iraisedyoutobeathoroughbred(优秀的赛马).Whenthoroughbredsrun,theywearblinderstokeeptheireyesfocusedstraight__11__withnodisturban

ce,nootherhorses.Theyhearthecrowdbuttheydon’t__12__.Theyjustruntheirownrace.That’swhatyouhavetodo.Don’tlistentoanyone__13__yout

omeortoanyoneelse.Youjustrunyourownrace.”Thenextnight__14__thecrowdfiledintothetheater,thestagemanager__15__meawhiteboxwitharedribbon.Iop

eneditupandinsidewasapairofoldhorseblinderswithalittlenotethat__16__，“Runyourownrace,Baby.”Runyourownrace,Baby.Dadcouldhavesa

iditadozenotherways：“Be__17__”；“Don’tbeinfluencedbyothers.”Butitwouldn’thavebeenthesame.Hechosetherightwordsattherighttime.Andall__18__mylife,I

’vebeenabletocometothepointbyaskingmyself,“AmIrunningmyraceor__19__else’s？”Ithankmyfatherforallhiswordsthatcontinuetoliveinmy__20__．【解题导语】作者通过自己

的经历让我们明白一个人生哲理：走好自己的路，让别人说去吧。1．A.hatedB．adoredC．fearedD．avoidedB解析：根据上文中提及的wasafamouscomedian,singer,actor,andproducerwithmanyfans可知，作者的父亲

是一个著名的喜剧家、歌手、演员及制作人，而且有许多粉丝，因此，作者小时候很崇拜(adored)他。故选B项。hate意为“厌恶；憎恨”；fear意为“害怕；恐惧”；avoid意为“避免”。2．A.movieB．albumC．recordD．interviewA解析：根据下文中的Ial

sowantedtobeamoviestar.可知，此处指作者的父亲跟玛格丽特·奥布赖恩一起拍电影(movie)，他经常把作者带到拍摄现场。故选A项。album意为“相册；唱片”；record意为“记录”；interview意为“采访；面试”。3．A.positionB．awar

dC．degreeD．chanceD解析：根据下文中的IplayedtheleadinGigi.可知，作者也想成为一名电影明星，而她在电影《琪琪》中饰演主角，说明作者在17岁时得到了一次机会(chance)。故选D项。position意为“职位；位置”；a

ward意为“荣誉；奖励”；degree意为“程度；学位”。4．A.affectionB．anxietyC．excitementD．bitternessC解析：联系上文及常识可知，作者实现了当演员的梦想，心情一定是激动的。affection意为“

感情；喜爱；感染”；anxiety意为“忧虑；担忧”；excitement意为“兴奋；激动”；bitterness意为“痛苦；悲痛；怨恨”。故选C项。句意为：然而痛苦的是，最终成为真正的女演员的激动并未持续很久。5．A.focusedonB．reliedonC．a

ppealedtoD．attendedtoA解析：根据下文中的WouldIbeasgoodasmyfather？及从上文可知作者的父亲很有名，所以记者都想从作者身上得到关于她父亲的各种相关信息。也就是说，所有的采访和评论的焦点都围绕着父亲。focuson意为“

集中于”，故选A项。relyon意为“依靠；信赖”；appealto意为“上诉；申诉；对„„有吸引力；呼吁；恳求”；attendto意为“注意；致力于；关心；照料；护理”。6．A.calmB．upsetC．touchedD．guiltyB

解析：根据上文可推知，作者本来因为成为真正的演员而感到兴奋，但是几乎没有人关心她自己的努力，只关心她父亲的情况，所以她很心烦(upset)。故选B项。calm意为“冷静的”；touched意为“感动的”；guilty意为“内疚的；有罪的”。7．A.beliefB．limitC．mode

lD．problemD解析：作者由于外人都聚焦于父亲而无人关心她的努力而很苦恼，因此，此处指作者爱她的父亲，但她的问题(problem)就是他。故选D项。belief意为“信仰；信条”；limit意为“限制；局限”；model意为“模型；典型；模范”。8．A.puzzl

edB．injuredC．hurtD．confusedC解析：根据上文可知，作者因为她的父亲而心烦意乱，再结合下文内容，作者想改名字可知，她不想父亲因此受到伤害。puzzled意为“困惑的”；injured意为“受伤的”；hurt意为“受伤的”，可指身心受到伤害；confused

意为“困惑的”。故选C项。9．A.roleB．nameC．schoolD．majorB解析：根据下一句可知，作者不想再用托马斯这个姓了，因此，她想改掉名字(name)。故选B项。role意为“角色”；school意为“学校”；major意为“专业”。10．A.cryB．smileC．screa

mD．laughA解析：根据语境，作者说出会让父亲受伤的话，自己肯定也不舒服。cry意为“哭泣”；smile意为“微笑”；scream意为“尖叫”；laugh意为“笑；嘲笑”。故选A项。句意为：在一阵长久的沉默中，我努力不去哭泣。11．A.aheadB．aro

undC．aboutD．asideA解析：当赛马奔跑时，它们会戴着眼罩遮住自己的眼睛，以便把注意力集中在前方(ahead)，不受任何干扰，也不看其他的马。故选A项。12．A.hesitateB．mov

eC．shoutD．listenD解析：根据上文中的hear及but表转折可知，它们听到马群的声音，但是它们不去听，hear与listen相对应。故选D项。hesitate意为“犹豫；迟疑”；move意为“

移动”；shout意为“呼喊”。13．A.leadingB．comparingC．tyingD．introducingB解析：从上文可知作者不能忍受媒体总是拿她跟她的父亲比较，还因此想改名，她的父亲劝她不要受他人评价的影响。结合下文“...Youjustrunyo

urownrace.”可知，不要在意任何人把她跟父亲比较。lead意为“领导；带领”；compare意为“比较”；tie意为“系；打结；与„„打成平局”；introduce意为“介绍；引进”。故选B项。14．A.untilB．t

houghC．asD．sinceC解析：句意为：第二天晚上，在观众排队进入影院的时候，舞台经理递给我一个系着一条红丝带的白色盒子。根据句意可知，设空处表示“当„„的时候”，引导时间状语从句。故选C项。until意为“直到”；though意为“尽管”；since意为“自从

；既然；由于”，均不符合语境。15．A.deliveredB．handedC．droppedD．pressedB解析：根据下文中的Iopeneditup可知，此处指舞台经理递给(handed)作者一个盒子。故选B项。deliver意为“邮寄；发表；接生”；drop意为“放弃；下降”；press意为

“压；挤；推；施加压力”。16．A.wroteB．showedC．printedD．readD解析：设空后的“Runyourownrace,Baby.”是纸条上写的内容。write意为“写”；show意为“显示；说明”；print意为“印刷；打印”。此处指纸条上“写着”，应用rea

d。故选D项。17．A.gratefulB．modestC．independentD．considerateC解析：句意为：爸爸本来可以用许多其他方式说出这句话：“要独立(independent)”；

“不要被其他人影响”。据上文可知，父亲的意思就是要独立，故选C项。grateful意为“感激的”；modest意为“谦虚的；谦逊的；适度的；端庄的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的；体贴的”，均不符合语境

。18．A.towardB．beyondC．throughD．behindC解析：句意为：在我整个(through)人生中，我已经能直奔主题扪心自问：“我现在是在参加自己的比赛还是其他人的呢？”allthro

ugh后接时间表示“整个„„”。toward意为“朝；向”；beyond意为“超出”；behind意为“在„„后面”，均不符合语境。故选C项。19．A.somebodyB．everyoneC．nobodyD．everybodyA解析：or表示选择，根据设空

前的runningmyrace可知，设空处指“其他人的”。根据语境可知选A项。20．A.recognitionB．dreamC．experienceD．heartD解析：作者非常感谢父亲，谢谢他那些将继续深藏于作者内心(heart)的话。故选D项。recognition意为“识别；承

认；认出；重视；赞誉；公认”；dream意为“梦想”；experience意为“经历；经验”，均不符合语境。