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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（9）AIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsugges

tsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoder

ationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,＂Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,may

bemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.＂TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearch

reviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkin

gincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物学机制)relatingalcoholtochanges

inbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionsli

kediabetes(糖尿病),whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremo

deratedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldex

plainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesof

alcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittlee

videncethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatres

veratrol,acompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.1.Thepassageismainlyforthose_________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabi

tC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight2.Theunderlinedphrase＂inmoderation＂inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD

.properly3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincrea

setheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrole

sofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiment

s.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinaheal

thyway.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。1.B【解析】推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。2.D【解析】猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处

指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D项同义，故选D。4.C【解析】推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，故选C。B(2015·呼和浩特调研)Wedon’talwaysgetasecondchancetoachi

eveourdreams.Butsomepeoplearelucky，likeMatthewMcConaughey.Oncealmostunknown，theactorhasrecentlyfound

himselfbackonthelistofthebestactorsinHollywood.HisnewmovieInterstellarisjustanothersignthathiscareerreinventionhasbeenanincrediblesuccess.“Thefilm

reliesonMcConaughey’sperformancetoholdtogethertheemotionalstoryofafatherandhisdaughteragainstthebackgroundofspacetravelattheendoftheworld，”Forbescomm

ented.Butonlyyearsago，theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes(笑柄)aboutbeingtoohandsome.In1993，aftermeetingwithdirectorRichardLink

later，McConaugheystarredinDazedandConfused.AndaHollywoodcareerwasborn，mostlyinromanticcomedies.Foralongtime，thewhol

eworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjustahandsomeguywithcomictalent.ButMcConaugheystoppedstarringinthattypeofmovie，andbegantousehislooksdifferently.Slowlyh

ebuiltuphisreputationasaseriousactor.In2013，McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivistinDallasBuyersC

lub.Therolesawthenormallymuscularactorlosing50poundsinordertoappearsick.HisperformancewonhimanOscarforBes

tActor.TheactorgavethankstosomeonehehasalwayslookeduptoasaheroduringhisOscaracceptancespeech.Whenhewas15，theactorsaid，hedecidedthathisherowo

uldbehimselfin10years.But10yearslater，hepushedthedeadlineaheadanotherdecade.Then10yearslater，anotherdecade.“Myhero’salways10yearsaway，

”hesaid.“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”Orperhapsconstantlychasingthechancetobehisownherohasgivenhimase

condchancetopursuehisdreams.【解题导语】本文是一篇人物介绍，主要讲述了演员McConaughey因不满足自己所取得的成绩，不断挑战自我，努力向前，最终成为闻名好莱坞的著名演员，成就了自己梦想的故事。1．Whywas

McConaugheyoftenthebuttofjokesinhisearlycareer?A．Hewaslimitedtohandsomeroles.B．Hewasunknowntotheaudience.C．Heplayedinromanticcomedies.D．Hewa

shandsomeandemotional.解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes(笑柄)aboutbeingtoohandsome...thewholeworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjust

ahandsomeguywithcomictalent”可知，因长相帅气而局限于他扮演的潇洒帅气的角色而被当作笑柄。故A项正确。2．WhatrolewonMcConaugheyanOscarforBestActor?A．Acar

ingfather.B．AnAIDSactivist.C．Aseriousbuyer.D．Astronghero.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In2013，McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivist...Hisperformancewonh

imanOscarforBestActor.”可知，B项正确。3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMcConaughey?A．HewasborninHollywood.B．Hehasbecomeaheroofhisown.C．Hewa

sn’tfamousuntilrecently.D．Heisn’tcontentwithhisachievements.解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“hedecidedthathisherowouldbehimselfin10years...Then

10yearslater，anotherdecade.”可排除B项；根据第一段中的“Oncealmostunknown，theactorhasrecentlyfoundhimselfbackonthelistofthebestactorsinHollywood.”可知，他曾经出名过，

排除C项；根据最后一段中的“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”可知由于不满足于现状，他不断追逐梦想；选项

A全文并未涉及。故D项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．McConaughey，aRomanticComedianB．McConaughey，aManMakingaHitC．McConaughey，aManDa

ringtoChangeD．McConaughey，HandsomeandTalented解析：选C。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了著名演员McConaughey永不满足于现状，不断挑战自我的事情。故C项正确。CAsksomeo

newhattheyhavedonetohelptheenvironmentrecentlyandtheywillalmostcertainlymentionrecycling.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportanto

fcourse.However，beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofover­consumptioninthegreenestwayposs

ible，butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotneedtobringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.Thetotalamountofpackagingincreasedby12%between1999an

d2005.Itnowmakesupathirdofatypicalhousehold'swasteintheUK.Inmanysupermarketsnowadaysfooditemsarepackagedtwicewithplasticandcardboard

.Toomuchpackagingisdoingseriousdamagetotheenvironment.TheUK，forexample，isrunningoutofitforcarryingthisunnecess

arywaste.Ifsuchpackagingisburnt，itgivesoffgreenhousegaseswhichgoontocausethegreenhouseeffect.Recyclinghelps，buttheprocessitselfusesen

ergy.Thesolutionisnottoproducesuchitemsinthefirstplace.Foodwasteisaseriousproblem，too.Toomanysuperma

rketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.However，afewofthemarecomingroundtotheideathatthiscannotcontinue，encouragingcustomerstoreu

setheirplasticbags，forexample.Butthisisnotjustaboutsupermarkets.Itisaboutallofus.Wehavelearnedtoassociatepackagingwit

hquality.Wehavelearnedtothinkthatsomethingunpackagedisofpoorquality.Thisisespeciallytrueoffood.Butitalsoappliestoawiderangeofco

nsumerproducts，whichoftenhavefarmorepackagingthannecessary.Therearesignsofhope.Asmoreofusrecycle，wearebeginningt

orealizejusthowmuchunnecessarymaterialarecollecting.Weneedtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture，butwehaveamountaint

oclimb.Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“over­consumpt

ion”referto?A．Usingtoomuchpackaging.B．Recyclingtoomanywastes.C．Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D．Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.2．Theauthoru

sesfiguresinParagraph2toshow________.A．thetendencyofcuttinghouseholdwasteB．theincreaseofpackagingrecyclingC．therapidgrowthofsupermar

ketsD．thefactofpackagingoveruse3．Accordingtothetext，recycling________.A．helpscontrolthegreenhouseeffectB．meansburningpackagingforenergyC．isthesolut

iontogasshortageD．leadstoawasteofland4．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Unpackagedproductsareofbadquality.B．Supermarketscaremo

reaboutpackaging.C．Itisimpropertojudgequalitybypackaging.D．Otherproductsarebetterpackagedthanfood.5．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Fightin

gwastefulnessisdifficult.B．Needlessmaterialismostlyrecycled.C．Peoplelikecollectingrecyclablewaste.D．Theauthorisproudoftheirconsumercultu

re.参考答案ⅠRecyclingisonewaytohelpenvironment，butwhat'smostimportantisthatwedon'tover­consumeorpaytoomuchattentiontopackagingwhenweareshopp

ing.(27words)Ⅱ1．解析：从前句的beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed知道我们是在“过度消费”或“过量消费”。答案：D、2．解析：increasedby12%between1999and

2005说明包装盒的消费量增长迅速，由此可知答案。答案：D、3．解析：从Recyclinghelps可知答案。答案：A、4．解析：人们习惯了把包装与产品质量联系起来，意为包装不好的东西就意味着品质不好。答案：C、5．解析：从最后一句Wene

edtofacethewastefulnessofourconsumerculture，butwehaveamountaintoclimb可知答案。答案：A、D(2015·银川质量检测)InSeptemberof2013，residentsofBexarCountyceleb

ratedtheopeningoftheBiblioTechLibrary.ItisoneofthefirstlibrariesinAmericatogocompletelydigitalandperhapsitwillle

adthewayforotherstofollow.Tocheckoutabookinthisdigitallibrary，userslinktheirlibrarycardtothe3MCloudLibraryApp

.Thentheycanlookthroughthelibrarycatalogueandcheckoutatotaloffivebooksatanygiventime.Whenthebooksared

ue，theyareautomaticallyremovedfromthee­reader.BiblioTechoffersfreetablets，laptopsandcomputerswhichcanbeusedwithinthelibrary.Italsooffersstudyroo

msandloungeareaswherepeoplecanworktogetherandotherlibrariesarealsoinonthetrend.Despitethemovetowardsdigital，theBiblioTechLi

braryiscurrentlytheonlydigitallibraryinthenation.However，thebooklesslibraryhasbeenattemptedbefore.Sadly，thischangeprovedtobefartoo

aheadofitstime.Withinafewyears，thelibrarybeganprovidingmaterialsalongwiththedigitalmaterialsduetorequestsfromthelibrarymembers.L

ibrariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange.Justadecadeago，themainfocuswastolendmaterialstothepublic，butrecentlytheyhavebeenplacing

moreemphasisonprogramstohelpandeducatethecommunity.Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.Dig

itallibrariesarethefuture.Inthenext100yearsorso，booksinprintmaybecompletelyreplacedbytheirdigitalcompetitors.Whilethesecanbemor

econvenientforlibrariesandlibrarymembers，Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper，becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutread

ings.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。2013年9月，美国Bexar县的居民庆祝第一家Biblio科技图书馆的成立。文章通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向我们介绍了与传统图书馆相比，电子图书馆的优势及未来图书

馆的发展方向。1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．TheopeningoftheBiblioTechLibrary.B．TheimprovementoftheBiblioTechLibrary.C．Theimport

anceoftheBiblioTechLibrary.D．TheintroductionoftheBiblioTechLibrary.解析：选D。段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向读者介绍了一种新型的电子图书馆及这种图书馆的使用方法。故答案选D。2．W

hatcanbeinferredaboutlibrariesfromthetext?A．Thefunctionexpands.B．Theincomeincreases.C．Thedevelopmentslowsdown.D．Thebusinessdeclines.解析

：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Librariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange...Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.”可推知，图书馆的功能增加了。故答案选A。3．Thewriters

eemstobeapersonwho________.A．iscrazyaboute­readersB．worksinalibraryC．missestheolddaysD．ishopelessaboutthefut

ure解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“...Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper，becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutreadings.”可知，作者

仍喜欢阅读纸质图书，会怀念纸质图书的味道，也正是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读。由此可知，作者是个怀旧的人。故答案选C。EWorkingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert，Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepart

mentofZoology，CambridgeUniversitysetbaboonslearningtasksinvolvinganovelfoodandafamiliarfood，hiddeninabox.Somebaboonsweregiventhechancetowatc

hanotherbaboonwhoalreadyknewhowtosolvethetask，whileothershadtolearnforthemselves.Toworkouthowbraveoranxiousthebaboonswere，Dr.Carterpresentedthem

eitherwithanovelfoodorathreatintheformofamodelofapoisonoussnake.Shefoundthatpersonalityhadamajorimpactonlearning.Thebr

averbaboonslearnt，buttheshyonesdidnotlearnthetaskalthoughtheywatchedthebaboonperformthetaskoffindingthenovelfoodjusta

slongasthebraveonesdid.Ineffect，despitebeingmadeawareofwhattodo，theywerestilltooshytodowhattheexperiencedbaboondid.Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonsc

omparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot，eventhoughtheyspen

tmoretimewatching.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals，somethingthathas

previouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings.Thefindingsaresignificantbecausetheysuggestthatanimalsmayperformpoorl

yincognitive(认知的)tasksnotbecausetheyaren'tcleverenoughtosolvethem，butbecausetheyaretooshyornervoustousethesocialinformation.Thefindi

ngsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformati

onfromothersbecausetheydon'tassociatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals，ortheyaretooshytousetheinformationoncet

heyhaveit，informationmaynottravelbetweenallgroupmembers，preventingtheformationofaculturebasedonsociallearning.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout

?A．ThedesignofDr.Carter'sresearch.B．TheresultsofDr.Carter'sresearch.C．ThepurposeofDr.Carter'sresearch.D．ThesignificanceofDr.

Carter'sresearch.2．Accordingtotheresearch，whichbaboonsaremorelikelytocompleteanewlearningtask?A．Thosethathavem

oreexperience.B．Thosethatcanavoidpotentialrisks.C．Thosethatliketoworkindependently.D．Thosethatfeelanxiousaboutlearning.3．Whichbestillustratesthe“mism

atch”mentionedinParagraph4?A．Somebaboonsareintelligentbutslowinlearning.B．Somebaboonsareshybutactiveinsocialactivities.C．Somebaboonsobserveot

hersbutdon'tfollowthem.D．Somebaboonsperformnewtasksbutdon'tconcentrate.4．Dr.Carter'sfindingsindicatethatourculturemi

ghtbeformedthrough________.A．storinginformationB．learningfromeachotherC．understandingdifferentpeopleD．travellingbetweensocialgroups答案：【语篇解读】

本文是一篇科普说明文。剑桥大学的一些研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习成效的因素不是它们的智力，而是其性格以及对学习的渴望程度。这一研究结果也适用于人类社会：如果我们不善于与他人沟通或太胆怯而不能利用所得到的信息，那么会阻碍以社会学习为基础的文化的形成。1．A解析：推理判断题。第一段描

述了研究人员如何开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会观看另外一只狒狒是如何完成任务的，而另外一些狒狒则不得不自学完成任务，因此选A项“卡特博士研究的设计”，而非研究的“结果”“目的”或“重要性”。2．D解析：细节理解题。由文章

第二段中Thebraverbaboonslearnt，buttheshyonesdidnotlearn...及第三段中Theanxiousindividualslearnt...whilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot...这些对实验的描述可知D

项“那些渴望学习的狒狒”符合题意。3．C解析：推理判断题。该词所在上文，即第二、三段提到在观察了别的狒狒之后，勇敢的、渴望学习的狒狒学到本领，而害羞的狒狒学了却不像别的狒狒那样去做；再根据betweencollec

tingsocialinformationandusingit可知与“收集”和“使用”对应的是“观察别人但不跟着做”，即C项。4．B解析：细节理解题。最后一段首句Thefindingsmayimpacthowweun

derstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.意为“研究结果可能会影响我们如何理解社会文化的形成，该文化的形成是通过社会学习获得的”。换言之，作者认为我们的文化是通过sociallear

ning而形成的，与B项“互相学习”相呼应，而非“储存信息”“理解不同的人”或“在社会群体间传播”。