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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（8）AYouuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot（虚拟聊天机器人）.Xiaoice,Mi

crosoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2014,andreturnedtoWeChatin2015,whereshebecameabighit.Milli

onsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,TheNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount

.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoice.＂HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,＂Li

uJinchang,aresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphoto

sandsendemojis（表情符号）inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.Cha

tbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommo

n.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’

questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicande

venmakejokesfortheirusers.Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,TheNewYorkTimespointedout.However,i

tmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa＂Samantha＂,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,Samanthahasaromanticrelationsh

ipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.1.Wha

tdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Shebecameabestseller.B.Shebecameverypowerful.C.Shebecameamoneymaker.D.S

hebecameverypopular.2.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.C.Identifyvariousphotos.D.Readnewstoitsusers.3.Whichcom

pany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?A.Microsoft.B.IBM.C.Apple.D.Amazon.4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagrap

h?A.Chatbotswillbeappliedtocarssoon.B.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.D.ThefilmHerdo

esn’tinterestmanyaudience.【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。1.D【解析】推理

判断题。根据shebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，很多中国人都喜欢与她聊天，故选D。3.B【

解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问，故选B。4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Theseprograms

areexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,可知，人们期待这些程序除了智能手机之外，也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地，所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上，故选B。B(2016·东北三省四市第一次联

考)ManyforeignstudentsreportfeelinglonelyorunwelcomeinAustralia.ThosefeelingsareamongthereasonswhyAustrali

aistakingacloselookatitsinternationaleducationindustry.Butwhereverinternationalstudentsgo，makingfriendsmayno

talwaysbeeasy.ElisabethGareisofBaruchCollegeinNewYorksurveyed454internationalstudents.Theywereattendingfour­yearcollegesand

graduateschoolsintheAmericanSouthandNortheast.StudentsfromEnglish­speakingcountriesandfromnorthernandcentralEuropeweremorel

ikelytobehappywiththeirfriendships.But38%oftheinternationalstudentssaidtheyhadnoclosefriendsintheUnitedStates.AndhalfofthestudentsfromEastAsia

saidtheywereunhappywiththenumberofAmericanfriendstheyhad.Thirtypercentsaidtheywishedtheirfriendshipsco

uldbedeeperandmoremeaningful.ProfessorGareissays，“StudentsfromEastAsiahaveculturesthataredifferentonmanylevelsfromthecultureintheUnitedS

tates.Therearealsolanguageproblems，andmaybesomesocialskills，suchassmalltalks，whicharepossiblynotasimportantintheirnativecountr

ies，whereit’snotasimportanttostartfriendshipswithsmalltalks.ManyEastAsianstudentsblamedthemselvesfortheirlimitedfriendshi

pswithAmericans，fornotspeakingthelanguagewellenoughandfornotknowingtheculturewellenough.”VOA’sStudentsUnionblogg

erJessicaStahldidherownsurveytofindouthowAmericanstudentsandforeignstudentsrelatetoeachother.Morethan100students，abouthalfofthemAmerican，answere

dheronlinequestions.Halfoftheinternationalstudentsand60%oftheAmericanssaidtheyrelatedaswellorbettertotheothergroupthantotheirowngroup.Prof

essorGareissays，“Internationalstudentswhomakefriendswithhostnationalsare，overall，moresatisfiedwiththeirstayinthehostcount

ry.Theyhavebetterlanguageskills，betteracademicperformanceandbetterattitudestowardthehostcountry.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表

明，国际留学生交友并非易事。1．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MakingFriendsIsNotAlwaysEasyforForeignStudentsB．Stu

dentsfromEastAsiaAreNotGoodatMakingFriendsC．InternationalEducationIndustryinAustraliaandAmericaD．TheRelat

ionbetweenForeignStudentsandHostCountries解析：选A。标题概括题。根据第一段的“Butwhereverinternationalstudentsgo，makingfriendsmaynotalwaysbeeasy.”可知，本文

是围绕着国际留学生不容易交友而进行阐述的。故答案选A。2．ProfessorGareistendstothinkthat________.A．cultureshockshouldbeblamedformanyl

evelsofAmericancultureB．foreignstudentsdon’tknowsmalltalksmeanalottoAmericansC．foreignstudentsshouldlearnsomebasicsocialskillsfirstofallD．fore

ignstudentshavedifficultymakingfriendsfordifferentreasons解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，外国学生难交到朋友是因为文化层次不同、语言以及社交技巧等各方面问题造成的。故答案选D。3.HowdidJessicaS

tahlcarryouthersurvey?A．BydoingquestionnairesfromStudentsUnion.B．ByaskingquestionsontheInternet.C．Byformingthestudentsintogroups.D．Byd

oingasurveythroughVOA.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Morethan100students，abouthalfofthemAmerican，answeredheronlinequestions.”可知，她是通过让学生们在网上回答问题而开展调查的

。故答案选B。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementswillthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Internationalstudentsliketomakemore

friendsintheirowngroup.B．Internationalstudentsaremorelikelytoremaininthehostcountryaftergraduation.C．Stud

entswhomakemorefriendsathomehavebetteracademicperformance.D．Studentswhomakefriendsintheirhostcountriesfeelhappierwiththeirexperience.解析

：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Internationalstudentswhomakefriendswithhostnationalsare，overall，moresatisfiedwiththeirstayinthehostcountry.”可知，那些与东道国学生交友的

国际留学生，对自己在东道国的经历更满意。故答案选D。CD(2015·四川成都九中模拟)ChristmasintheUnitedStatesistraditionallyatimeofgift­givingandfamilygatherings.B

utsmalltownsacrossthecountryhavetheirowntraditions.Middleburg，asmalltowninthestateofVirginia，isknownforitshorses.Formorethan50years，Mi

ddleburghasorganizedayearlyChristmasparade(游行)．Menandwomenridehorsesthroughthewoodsandfields.Theyfollowhuntingdogsasthe

ysearchforawildfox.Butfirst，thesehuntersrideintheyearlyparade，wearingtheirbrightredhuntingclothesandhats.JohnHale，acitizenof

Middleburgsaysmanycitypeoplevisithistown.“Wehavealotofpeoplefromanurbanareathatcometovisit，butitincorporatesalotoftheoldtraditions.”Thenighttimeha

yrideisonesuchtradition.Smallgroupsgatherunderthemoonlightonanopenwagonfilledwithhay.Thepassengerssingasfarmhorsespullt

hewagonslowlyacrossthefields.Therearesomenewertraditions，too.TreyMatheuworksatthenearbySalamanderResort.HesaysavisittoMiddleburgisachancetoslowdownfo

raday.HesaysMiddleburgcanbeacalming，peacefulplacewithouttension.“Middleburgisanopportunitytotakeastepback，totakeadeepbreath，andtounderstandthatevent

houghlifeismovingonataveryfastpace，there’sreallyanopportunitywhereyou’reallowedtostepoffforalittlebit.”Paradeorga

nizerssaymorethan13,000peopleattendeveninbelow­freezingweather.Butifyouask，youwillhearmanydifferentreasonswhypeoplecometowat

chtheparade：“IcomeherebecauseI’mfromasmalltown.Ilikehoweverybodycomestogether.”“Iliverightdownthatstreet，rightthere.Andthat’smydog.”Midd

leburglooksitsbestatChristmastime.Thatmaybewhysomanypeoplereturneachyear.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国小镇Middleburg庆祝圣诞节的独特

方式。1．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MiddleburgChristmasparadeB．AsmalltownknownforhorsesC．

ChristmastraditionsinMiddleburgD．NewertraditionsatChristmastime解析：选C。标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是美国小镇Middleburg独特的圣诞节风俗。故答案选C。2．AtChrist

mas，peopleinMiddleburgusually________.A．visitfriendsandfamiliesB．feedfarmhorseswithhayC．huntfordogsinthe

woodsD．rideintheyearlyparade解析：选D。细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“Formorethan50years，MiddleburghasorganizedayearlyChristmasparade(游行)．Menandwomenri

dehorsesthroughthewoodsandfields.”可知，Middleburg的人们每年都会举行一次圣诞游行，人们会骑着马从树林和田间穿过。故答案选D。3．AccordingtoTreyMatheu，wh

ydopeoplevisitMiddleburg?A．Torelaxthemselves.B．Toenjoythefreshair.C．Toescapecompetition.D．Tochallengethemselves.解析：选A。推理判断

题。由第四段第三、四句“HesaysavisittoMiddleburgisachancetoslowdownforaday.HesaysMiddleburgcanbeacalming，peacefulplacew

ithouttension.”可推知，TreyMatheu认为Middleburg是一个宁静、平和、没有压力的小镇，在这里人们可以放慢生活脚步，轻松一下。故答案选A。4．WhatdoweknowaboutthesmalltownM

iddleburg?A．Itmakesalargeprofitfromtourism.B．Itattractsmanypeopleeachyear.C．Itisagoodplaceforfamilygatherings.D．Itdoesn’t

respectChristmastraditions.解析：选B。推理判断题。由第六段第一句“Paradeorganizerssaymorethan13,000peopleattendeveninbelow­freezingweather.”可推知，每年有很多人都会来Mi

ddleburg观看圣诞节游行。故答案选B。EU．S.airlinesareseeingamajorinterruptionbecauseofhundredsofflightscanceledduetotheashclou

dfromtheIcelandicvolcano，butEuropeanflightcompanieswillfacethebiggestlosses.Theairlinebusinesshasbeentough：Thedeclinedramaticallyslo

wedtraffic；FebruaryheavysnowforcedU．S.airlinestocancelthousandsofflights；andnowtheashesfromthevolcanostoppedalltrafficinan

doutofnorthernEuropefordays.“ForU．S.flightcompanies，it'llbearelativelyshort­termhit，”saidMichaelBoyd，presidentofBoydGroupInternat

ional，anaviation(航空学)consultingfirm.“Wethinkrightnowthey'redownabout$80millionintermsoflostincome，andthey'redowndomesticall

yabout80,000passengersthatwouldhavebeenflyingdomesticallybutaren'tbecausetheycan'tgethere.”Deltaannouncedthatvolcano­relatedinterruptionground

edabout400flightsuntilMondayatacostof$20millioninlostrevenues(收入)．Butbycomparison，theairlinecanceled7,000fli

ghtsandlost$65millioninrevenueduetotherecentsnowstorms.Thedisruptionhascreateduncertaintyforcustomers，buta

nalystssayU．S.airlineswon'tfaceasmanycostsasyoumightthink.Theyarenotflyinginextraplanestohandlethepassengersintrouble

becausecompaniessimplydon'thavethem.“Airlinesrunaveryleanoperationnow，”Mannsaid.“So，sincetherearenospareair

craftorcrews，theairlineswillattempttomaximizeloadsoneveryoneoftheiraircraftthatdofly.Butitmaytakedays，orinsomecasesaweekorso，to

getsomeofthesecustomerstowheretheywanttogo.”Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意_________________________________________________

_____Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最佳答案1．Whichnegativeconsequencesmentionedinthepassagedidthedisasterscause?A．coldness，pollutionandairline

s'lossesB．airportdamage，pollutionandslowtrafficC．passengerdelay，coldnessandairportdamageD．passengerdelay，airlines'lossesandslowtraf

fic2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Thefewestairplaneswillflythetrappedpassengerstotheirdestinations.B．Allthecusto

mersaresuretobesenttotheirdestinationsintime.C．TheU．S.andU．K.airlinessufferedthesamelossesinthenaturaldisasters.D．Thevolcano

eruptionreducedthetraffictoandfromnorthernEurope.3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．thetroublesthatthe

airlineswillfaceaftertheashclouddisappears.B．themeasuresthattheairlineswilltaketomaximizetheirprofit.C．thepresentsituationoftheairlinesa

ndtheirplantodeliverthepassengers.D．thereasonswhytheairlinesrunafineoperation.4．Whywillittakealongtimeforairlinestosendthepassengerstotheirdiffer

entdestinations?A．Becausethepassengersenjoystayinginairportstotalkwithoneanother.B．Becausetheairlinesdon'thavespareplanesoremployeestoserve.C．Because

theairlinesdon'thaveenoughfinancialsupportafterthedisaster.D．Becausethepassengersareaskingforfullrefundfrom

theairlines.5．Thepassageismostprobablyfrom________.A．anovelB．anewsreportC．amagazineD．athesis参考答案ⅠThetexttellsusaboutthe

seriouseffectoftheashcloudfromtheIcelandicvolcanoonairlinebusinessandhowflightcompanieswillhandletheproble

mscausedbythedisaster.(31words)Ⅱ1．解析：文中没有提到污染、机场损毁等问题，只讲了航班延误、乘客滞留、运营缓慢、航空公司受损，所以D为正确答案。答案：D2.解析：从最后一段的Theyarenotflyinginextraplanestohandl

ethepassengersintrouble和theairlineswillattempttomaximizeloadsoneveryoneoftheiraircraftthatdofly,可知A为正确答案。答案：A。3.解析：最后一段告诉我们每个飞行的航

班会最大限度的搭载乘客，所以选C。答案：C。4.解析：从Theyarenotflyinginextraplanestohandlethepassengersintroublebecausecompaniessimplydon'thavethem可以推知答案。答案：B。5.

解析：全文讲述冰岛火山灰对航空业的影响，应该选自新闻报道。答案：B。