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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练(5)AIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoar
ecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000j
oggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoanda
halfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetime
saweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecause
sstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCope
nhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekatamoderatepaceisagoodstr
ategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchasta
ichi,yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.Accordingto
JacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpac
tonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.1.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraphlisclosestinmeanin
gto“___________”.A.hardB.regularC.practicalD.flexible2.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to___________.A.su
ggestgivingupjoggingB.showrisksofdoingsportsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.introducetheresearchprocess3.Accordingtot
hescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsu
mestoomuchenergy.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersarele
astlikelytodie.D.Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。1.A【解
析】考查词义推测。hard耗费体力的;regular有规律的;practical实际的;flexible灵活的。由第一段最后一句“Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytod
ieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.”可知,一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死,故应选A。3.A【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“Thescientiststhin
kthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).”可知,做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉,故应选A。4.D【解析】
考查推理判断。根据第三段可知,做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益,故应选D。B(2015·甘肃第一次诊断)RecommendedDelftHotelsBridgesHouseHotelBridgesHo
useHotelisahotelinthecentreofDelftandhasshopsandmuseumsnextdoor.Therearemanyrestaurantsintheareawhereyoucaneatalovelydinn
erintheevening.Themarketsquareiswithineasywalkingdistance.Thecomfortableroomsarealluniquelydecoratedandhaveasplendidbat
hroom.AirconditioningandfreeWiFiareavailable.Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.Breakfastisservedinthehotellounge.Intheevenings,guestscanh
aveadrinkhereaswell.HotelJulianaJusta5minutewalkfromthecentreofDelft,thisfriendlyfamilyhotelisclosetoeverythingandofferscomfort
ableroomsatanaffordableprice.Themainpriorityistoprovideyouwithqualityservicethroughpersonalattentionandbycreatinga
pleasantatmosphere.ThishotelisalsoconvenientlylocatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.Otherculturalspotsandaseriesofbarsandrestaura
ntsarejustastrollaway.ShanghaiHotelThisuniquehotelfeaturesChinesestyledecorationandanelegantbar.Shangha
iHotelislocatednexttotheA13highway,onlya10minutedrivefromDelftcitycentre.Itoffersfreeonsiteparking.Eachoftheroomsat
ShanghaiHotelincludesflatscreencableTV,adeskandtea/coffeemakingfacilitiesplusarefrigerator.Thecomfortablemodernbathroomshaveashower
,ahairdryerandfreemakeup.HoteldeKoophandelLocatedonthecentralBeestenMarket,HoteldeKoophandelissurroundedbycafesandrestaurantsintheheartofDelft.In
thebreakfastroom,youcanenjoyvariousbreads,toasts,cereals,eggsandfruitsinthemorning.Thecomfortableanduniquelydecoratedroomsareequippedwithaprivateba
throomandfreeWiFi.Coffeeandteafacilitiesareavailable.Becauseoftheperfectlocation,youcaneasilywalkaroun
dthecitycentreandvisitthemainplacesofinterest.Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickherewww.booking.com/hotel/nl.1.Whichhotel
isthebestchoiceifsomeoneisextremelytall?A.BridgesHouseHotel.B.HotelJuliana.C.ShanghaiHotel.D.HoteldeKo
ophandel.2.IfsomeonechoosesShanghaiHotel,he________.A.canenjoyvariousbreadsandeggsB.cangototheTechnicalUniversityofDelftC.maybeinter
estedinChinesestyledecorationD.mayvisitsomeparksforfree3.Whatdoallthehotelsinthepassagehaveincommon?A.TheyofferfreeWiFi.B.TheyareatDelftcity
centre.C.Theyofferfreeonsiteparking.D.Theyoffercomfortablerooms.4.Wherecanyouprobablyseethepassage?A.Inamagazine.B.Inanewspaper.C.OntheInter
net.D.InaTVprogram.【解题导语】本文是一则广告,主要是为荷兰的一个城市——Delft的四家宾馆做广告,简要介绍了它们的地理位置和相关特色。1.解析:选A。细节理解题。根据BridgesHouseHot
el部分第一段最后一句“Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.”可知,如果房客很高的话,他最好选BridgesHouseHotel。故答案选A。2.解析:选C。推理判断题。根据Hote
ldeKoophandel部分第一段中的“youcanenjoyvariousbreads...eggs...”和HotelJuliana部分第二段第一句“Thishotelis...locatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.”可知,A
、B两项不符合题意;根据ShanghaiHotel部分第一段最后一句“Itoffersfreeonsiteparking.”可知,这家宾馆的房客可享受到免费的停车服务,而不是免费到公园游玩,因此D项错误。根
据ShanghaiHotel部分第一段第一句“ThisuniquehotelfeaturesChinesestyledecoration...”可知,C项符合题意。故答案选C。3.解析:选D。推理判断题
。根据BridgesHouseHotel部分第一段第四句“Thecomfortablerooms...”、HotelJuliana部分第一段第一句“...offerscomfortablerooms...”、ShanghaiHotel部分第
二段“EachoftheroomsatShanghaiHotelincludesflatscreencableTV...Thecomfortablemodernbathrooms...”和HoteldeKoophandel部分第二段第一句中的“Thecomfortableanduniqu
elydecoratedrooms”可推知,这四家宾馆的共同之处在于它们都提供舒服的房间。故答案选D。4.解析:选C。文章出处题。根据最后一段“Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickhereww
w.booking.com/hotel/nl.”可知,最有可能在网上看到这篇文章。故答案选C。CSince1984,Philadelphiahasbeencleaningupitsact.Onebyone,graffiticoveredwallsarebeingchangedintoout
doorart.Sofar,morethan1,800murals(壁画)havebeenpainted.PhiladelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyotherAmericancity.Thewallsthatwereonceugl
ywithgraffiti(涂鸦)arenowcoveredwithbeautifulpicturesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArtsProgram(MAP).I
tsworkmakesschoolsandpublicplacesattractive,anditscitizensveryproud.TheprogrambeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAntiGraffitiNet
work.JaneGoldenistheMAP'sartisticdirector.“Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogramisabout,”shesays,“Ianswerthemwithoneword:hope.”Eachyear,t
heMAPoffersyouthartprogramsandworkshops.SomeonetimegraffitiwritersevenhelppaintMAPmurals.TheMAP'swork,saysGolden
,isallaboutdevelopingasenseofcommunity(社区).Whenaneighborhoodrequestsamural,theMAPworkswiththepeopletheretodevelopamessage.Somem
essageshavebeen“SafeStreets,”“LoveandCare,”and“PeaceWalk.”TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformuralseachweek.Lastyear,theworkerspainte
d140murals.“Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasantmomentinneighbo
rhoodhistory,”saysGolden,whobeganasamuralistinLosAngeles.本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画,从而给人们带来了新的希望。1.Whatcanbetheb
esttitleforthetext?A.Love,fromGraffitiWriterstoMuralistsB.MAP,aNewCompanyinPhiladelphiaC.Jane,anExcellentMuralArtistD.Hope,OneWallataTime答案:D。主旨大意题。
本文主要介绍费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画,从而给人们带来了新的希望。2.WhatistheMuralArtsPrograminPhiladelphiaaimedat?A.Helpingtheyou
ngfindjobs.B.Protectingtheneighborhood.C.Fightingagainstgraffiti.D.Attractingmorevisitors.答案:C。细节理解题。由第二段的“theprogrambega
naspartofphiladelphia'sAntiGraffitiNetwork.”可知C项正确。3.HowdoestheMAPdecideonthemessageforamural?A.Byhavingdisc
ussionswithpeopleinthecommunity.B.Byseekingadvicefromthecitygovernment.C.Bylearningfromtheyounggraffitiwri
ters.D.Bystudyingthehistoryofthecity.答案:A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为A项。4.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribes
theworkoftheMAP?A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Experimental.D.Successful.答案:D。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知theMAP每周会收到很多的邀请,每年会画很多的壁画,故可推出工作很成功,答案为D项。D(2015
·石家庄二中一模)Wehaveaproblem,andthestrangethingisthatwenotonlyknowaboutit,butalsocelebrateit.Justtoday,someon
eboastedtomethatshewassobusythatshe’saveragedfourhoursofsleepanightforthelasttwoweeks.Shewasn’tcomplaining;shewasproudofthefact.Sheisnotal
one.Whyaretypicallyrationalpeoplesoirrationalintheirbehavior?Theansweristhatwe’reinthemidstofabubble.Icallit
“TheMoreBubble”.Thenatureofbubblesisthatsomethingisabsurdlyovervalueduntil—eventually—thebubblebursts,andwe’releftwonderingwhywew
eresoirrationallyanimatedinthefirstplace.Thethingweareovervaluingnowistheopinionofdoingitall,havingitall,a
chievingitall.Thisbubbleisbeingenabledbyacombinationofthreepowerfultrends:smartphones,socialmedia,andextremeconsumerism.Theresultisnotjustinf
ormationoverload,butopinionoverload.Wearemoreawarethanatanytimeinhistoryofwhateveryoneelseisdoingand,therefore,whatw
eshouldbedoing.Intheprocess,wehavebeensoldabillofgoods:thatsuccessmeansbeingsupermenandsuperwomenwhoc
angetitalldone.Ofcourse,weboastedaboutbeingbusy—it’scodeforbeingsuccessfulandimportant.Andouranswerto
theproblemofmoreisalwaysmore.Weneedmoretechnologytohelpuscreatemoretechnologies.Weneedtoshiftourworkloadtofreeupourowntimetodoyetevenmore.Luc
kily,thereisasolutiontothepursuitofmore:thepursuitofless,butbetter,agrowingnumberofpeoplearemakingthischange.IcallthesepeopleEssentialists.Thesep
eoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.Thesepeoplearrangetohaveactualweekends(duringwhichtheyarenotworking).Theycr
eatedtechnologyfreezonesintheirhomes.TheytradetimeonFacebookwithcallingthosefewfriendswhoreallymattertothem.Insteadofrunn
ingtodifferentmeetings,theyputspaceontheircalendarstogetimportantworkdone.Sowehavetwochoices:Wecanbeamongthelastpeoplecaug
htupin“TheMoreBubble”,orwecanjointhegrowingcommunityofEssentialistsandgetmoreofwhatmattersinouronepreciouslif
e.1.Whenthewomansaidfortwoweekssheonlysleptforfourhoursanight,________.A.shewasunsatisfiedwithherlifestyleB.shewasaskingforsugge
stionsC.shetookprideindoingsoD.sheknewfewpeoplewerelikeher2.WhatisParagraph4mainlyfor?A.Thecauseandresultof“T
heMoreBubble”.B.Theadvantagesof“TheMoreBubble”.C.Thesolutionsto“TheMoreBubble”.D.Thenewtrendsof“TheMoreBubble”.3.Accordingtothe
article,Essentialistsarethosewho________.A.giveupcertainthingsforwhatmattersinlifeB.prefertochangefrequentlyC.areti
redofinformationandopinionsD.areeagertobecomesuccessfulandimportant4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethattheauthor________“TheMoreBubble
”.A.issupportiveofB.isundecidedaboutC.disapprovesofD.wondersabout【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文,主要讨论了一种在人们行为表现中出现的不正常现象——“The
MoreBubble”——的成因及解决方法。1.解析:选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“shewasproudofthefact”可知,她对于自己的这种做法感到自豪。故答案选C。2.解析:选A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句可知,本段主要讨
论了这种现象形成的原因和结果。故答案选A。3.解析:选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandr
emovingeverythingelse.”可知,“Thesepeople”指的是上文提到的“Essentialists”,他们围绕重要的事物设计他们的生活,将其余不重要的部分删去。故答案选A。4.解析:
选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为我们要么被“TheMoreBubble”束缚,要么成为Essentialist,在我们珍贵的生命中得到重要的东西;由此可推知,作者对“TheMoreBubble”这种现象是不赞成的。故答案选
C。EDeception(骗术)issomethingthatpeopledoallthetime,anditplaysanimportantroleinmilitary(军事的)strategy.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtofigureouthowtog
etrobotstodoit,bylookingatthebehaviorofsquirrelsandbirds.AtGeorgiaTech,ateamledbyRonaldArkin,aprofessorattheSchoolofInteractiveC
omputing,studiedtheliteratureonsquirrelshidingtheiracorns(橡果).Squirrelswillhidetheirfoodinacertainplace,butwhentheyseeothersquirrelstryingt
ostealfromthem,theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.RonaldArkinandhisPh.D.studentJaeeunShimus
edthatasamodelforrobotbehavior.Theyprogrammedtherobotintotrickinga“predator(捕食者)”machinebydoingwhatasquirreldoes:sho
wingtheenemyafalselocationforanimportantresource.Theteamalsolookedathowotheranimals—inthiscase,aspeciesofbirdcalled
Arabianbabbler—driveoffpredators.Ababblerwillmakeanalarmcallwhentheyseeapredatorandotherbabblerswilljointhebirdandmakemorecalls.Theythe
nsurroundthepredator,allthewhileflapping(拍打)wingsandmakingnoises.Thebabblersdon'teveractuallyfighttheanimaltheywanttodriveoff;theyj
ustmakeenoughnoisesandflapsaroundenoughsothatitseemsthatattackingababblerisn'tworthit.Theyfoundthatthedece
ptionworkswhenthegroupreachesacertainsize—essentially,whenenoughbirdsarrivetoconvincetheenemythatit'sbesttobackoff
.Davismodeledthatbehaviorinsoftwareusingamilitarysceneandfoundthatitworkedevenifthegroupdidn'thavethefirepowertoconfrontth
eenemydirectly.Themilitaryisinterestedinthisbecausearobotthatcanfoolanopponentisavaluabletool.Itcouldleadanenem
ydownafalsetrailormakeitselflookmoredangerousthanitactuallyis.文章大意:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用,一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动,希望机器人能模仿这些
行为,以便能有效地应用于军事中。1.Whydoesthemilitarywanttotakeadvantageofsquirrels'trick?A.Itcanreducetheuseoffirepowertoconfronttheenemy.B.Itcanfooltheenemyintob
elievingitismoredangerous.C.Itcanleadtheenemyinawrongdirectiontoavoidlosingresources.D.Itcanscaretheenemyawaywhowantstodestroythe
acorns.答案:C推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“...theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.”可知,松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃
掉,会朝别的方向奔跑,由此可推知,C项正确。2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewayArabianbabblersdriveoffpredators?A.Onebirdmakesanalarmcallandotherbirdswilljoinit.B
.Theyfighttheenemybravelyfacetoface.C.Theymakenoisesandflapsaroundthepredator.D.Theyforcethepredatorawarethatitisn'tworthwhi
letoattack.答案:B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中Arabianbabbler赶走predator的过程可知,B项不是Arabianbabbler赶走掠夺者的方法。故B项正确。3.Whatisthem
ainideaofthepassage?A.Animals'behaviorsareresearchedtobeappliedtothestudyofmilitaryrobots.B.Robots'foolingtr
icksareappliedtothestudyofanimals'behaviors.C.Birdsandsquirrelsaretheanimalsthataregoodatdeception.D.Researchersareinter
estedinanimals'militaryrelatedbehaviors.答案:A主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了松鼠和Arabianbabbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程,研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这
些行为,从而有效地运用于军事战略当中。故A项正确。