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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（5）AIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife，newresearchmaycomeasas

hock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy，peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.Sc

ientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1，000joggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewh

ojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobea

bout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphd

ieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).Over

time，thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr，aresearcherinCopenhagen，said，“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy，j

oggingafewtimesaweekatamoderatepaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary，anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderatef

ormsofexercisesuchastaichi，yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events，triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.According

toJacobLouisMarott，anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy，“Youdon’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushould

n’tactuallydotoomuch”.1.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraphlisclosestinmeaningto“___________”.A.hardB.regularC.practi

calD.flexible2.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to___________.A.suggestgivingupjoggingB.showrisksofdoingsportsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.int

roducetheresearchprocess3.Accordingtothescientists，whyistoomuchexerciseharmful？A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itc

anmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Noexer

ciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.D.Properexercisecon

tributestogoodhealth.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。1.A【解析】考查词义推测。hard耗费体力的；regular有规律的；practical实际的；f

lexible灵活的。由第一段最后一句“Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy，peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.”可知，一点不做运动的

人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死，故应选A。3.A【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarter

ies(动脉).”可知，做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉，故应选A。4.D【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故应选D。B(2015·甘肃第一次诊断)Reco

mmendedDelftHotelsBridgesHouseHotelBridgesHouseHotelisahotelinthecentreofDelftandhasshopsandmuseumsnextdoor.Therearemanyrestaurantsinthea

reawhereyoucaneatalovelydinnerintheevening.Themarketsquareiswithineasywalkingdistance.Thecomfortableroomsarealluniquelyd

ecoratedandhaveasplendidbathroom.AirconditioningandfreeWi­Fiareavailable.Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.Breakfastisservedintheh

otellounge.Intheevenings,guestscanhaveadrinkhereaswell.HotelJulianaJusta5­minutewalkfromthecentreofDelft,thisfriendlyfamilyhotelis

closetoeverythingandofferscomfortableroomsatanaffordableprice.Themainpriorityistoprovideyouwithqualityservicethroughpersonalattentionandbycr

eatingapleasantatmosphere.ThishotelisalsoconvenientlylocatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.Otherculturalspotsandaseriesofbarsandrestau

rantsarejustastrollaway.ShanghaiHotelThisuniquehotelfeaturesChinese­styledecorationandanelegantbar.ShanghaiHot

elislocatednexttotheA13highway,onlya10­minutedrivefromDelftcitycentre.Itoffersfreeon­siteparking.EachoftheroomsatShangh

aiHotelincludesflat­screencableTV,adeskandtea/coffeemakingfacilitiesplusarefrigerator.Thecomfortablemodernbathroomshaveashower,ahairdryerandfreemakeu

p.HoteldeKoophandelLocatedonthecentralBeestenMarket，HoteldeKoophandelissurroundedbycafesandrestaurantsintheheartofDelft.Inthebreak

fastroom,youcanenjoyvariousbreads,toasts，cereals,eggsandfruitsinthemorning.Thecomfortableanduniquelydecoratedroomsareequippedwithaprivatebathroo

mandfreeWi­Fi.Coffeeandteafacilitiesareavailable.Becauseoftheperfectlocation,youcaneasilywalkaroundthecitycentreandvisitthemainplace

sofinterest.Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickherewww.booking.com/hotel/nl.1．Whichhotelisthebestchoiceifsomeoneisextremel

ytall?A．BridgesHouseHotel.B.HotelJuliana.C．ShanghaiHotel.D．HoteldeKoophandel.2．IfsomeonechoosesShanghaiHotel

,he________．A．canenjoyvariousbreadsandeggsB．cangototheTechnicalUniversityofDelftC．maybeinterestedinChinese­styledecorationD．mayvisitsome

parksforfree3．Whatdoallthehotelsinthepassagehaveincommon?A．TheyofferfreeWi­Fi.B．TheyareatDelftcitycentre.C．Theyofferfreeo

n­siteparking.D．Theyoffercomfortablerooms.4．Wherecanyouprobablyseethepassage?A．Inamagazine.B．Inanewspaper.C．OntheIntern

et.D．InaTVprogram.【解题导语】本文是一则广告，主要是为荷兰的一个城市——Delft的四家宾馆做广告，简要介绍了它们的地理位置和相关特色。1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据BridgesHouseHotel部分第一段最后一句“Thereareextralong

bedsforyourconvenience.”可知，如果房客很高的话，他最好选BridgesHouseHotel。故答案选A。2．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据HoteldeKoophandel部分第一段中的“youcanenjoyvariousbreads...egg

s...”和HotelJuliana部分第二段第一句“Thishotelis...locatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.”可知，A、B两项不符合题意；根据ShanghaiHotel

部分第一段最后一句“Itoffersfreeon­siteparking.”可知，这家宾馆的房客可享受到免费的停车服务，而不是免费到公园游玩，因此D项错误。根据ShanghaiHotel部分第一段第一句“ThisuniquehotelfeaturesChi

nese­styledecoration...”可知，C项符合题意。故答案选C。3．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据BridgesHouseHotel部分第一段第四句“Thecomfortablerooms...”、HotelJuliana部分第一段第一

句“...offerscomfortablerooms...”、ShanghaiHotel部分第二段“EachoftheroomsatShanghaiHotelincludesflat­screencableTV...Thecomfortablemodernbathroo

ms...”和HoteldeKoophandel部分第二段第一句中的“Thecomfortableanduniquelydecoratedrooms”可推知，这四家宾馆的共同之处在于它们都提供舒服的房间

。故答案选D。4．解析：选C。文章出处题。根据最后一段“Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickherewww.booking.com/hotel/nl.”可知，最有可能在网上看到这篇文章。故答案选C。CSince1984，Phi

ladelphiahasbeencleaningupitsact.Onebyone，graffiti­coveredwallsarebeingchangedintooutdoorart.Sofar，morethan1,800murals(壁画)havebeenpainted.P

hiladelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyotherAmericancity.Thewallsthatwereonceuglywithgraffiti(涂鸦)arenowcoveredwithbeautifulpic

turesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArtsProgram(MAP).Itsworkmakesschoolsandpublicplacesattractive,anditscitizensverypr

oud.TheprogrambeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAnti­GraffitiNetwork.JaneGoldenistheMAP'sartisticdirector.“Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogramisabout,”shesays，“Ia

nswerthemwithoneword:hope.”Eachyear,theMAPoffersyouthartprogramsandworkshops.Someone­timegraffitiwritersevenhelppaintMAPmurals.TheMAP'swork,say

sGolden,isallaboutdevelopingasenseofcommunity(社区).Whenaneighborhoodrequestsamural，theMAPworkswiththepeopletheret

odevelopamessage.Somemessageshavebeen“SafeStreets，”“LoveandCare,”and“PeaceWalk.”TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformur

alseachweek.Lastyear，theworkerspainted140murals.“Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary，pleasantmo

mentinneighborhoodhistory，”saysGolden，whobeganasamuralistinLosAngeles.本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室

外艺术形式——壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Love，fromGraffitiWriterstoMuralistsB.MAP,a

NewCompanyinPhiladelphiaC.Jane，anExcellentMuralArtistD.Hope，OneWallataTime答案：D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁

画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2.WhatistheMuralArtsPrograminPhiladelphiaaimedat?A.Helpingtheyoungfindjobs.B.Protectin

gtheneighborhood.C.Fightingagainstgraffiti.D.Attractingmorevisitors.答案：C。细节理解题。由第二段的“theprogrambeganaspartofphiladelphia'sAnti­G

raffitiNetwork.”可知C项正确。3.HowdoestheMAPdecideonthemessageforamural?A.Byhavingdiscussionswithpeopleinthecommun

ity.B.Byseekingadvicefromthecitygovernment.C.Bylearningfromtheyounggraffitiwriters.D.Bystudyingthehistoryofthecity.答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知答案为A项。4．Which

ofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheworkoftheMAP?A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Experimental.D.Successful.答案：D。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知theMAP每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁

画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为D项。D(2015·石家庄二中一模)Wehaveaproblem,andthestrangethingisthatwenotonlyknowaboutit,butalsoceleb

rateit.Justtoday,someoneboastedtomethatshewassobusythatshe’saveragedfourhoursofsleepanightforthelasttwoweeks.Shewasn’tcomplaining;shewasproudo

fthefact.Sheisnotalone.Whyaretypicallyrationalpeoplesoirrationalintheirbehavior?Theansweristhatwe’reinthemidstofabubble.Ica

llit“TheMoreBubble”．Thenatureofbubblesisthatsomethingisabsurdlyovervalueduntil—eventually—thebubblebursts,andwe’releftwonderingwhywewere

soirrationallyanimatedinthefirstplace.Thethingweareovervaluingnowistheopinionofdoingitall,havingitall,achie

vingitall.Thisbubbleisbeingenabledbyacombinationofthreepowerfultrends:smartphones,socialmedia,andextremeconsumerism.Theresul

tisnotjustinformationoverload,butopinionoverload.Wearemoreawarethanatanytimeinhistoryofwhateveryoneelseisdoingand，therefore,whatweshouldbedoing

.Intheprocess,wehavebeensoldabillofgoods:thatsuccessmeansbeingsupermenandsuperwomenwhocangetitalldone.Ofcourse,weboastedaboutbeingbusy—it’scode

forbeingsuccessfulandimportant.Andouranswertotheproblemofmoreisalwaysmore.Weneedmoretechnologytohelpuscreatemor

etechnologies.Weneedtoshiftourworkloadtofreeupourowntimetodoyetevenmore.Luckily,thereisasolutiontothepursuitofmore:thepursuitofless,butbetter,agr

owingnumberofpeoplearemakingthischange.IcallthesepeopleEssentialists.Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverything

else.Thesepeoplearrangetohaveactualweekends(duringwhichtheyarenotworking)．Theycreatedtechnology­freezonesintheirhomes.Theytra

detimeonFacebookwithcallingthosefewfriendswhoreallymattertothem.Insteadofrunningtodifferentmeetings,theyputspaceontheircalendarstogetimportantworkdo

ne.Sowehavetwochoices：Wecanbeamongthelastpeoplecaughtupin“TheMoreBubble”，orwecanjointhegrowingcommunityofEssentialis

tsandgetmoreofwhatmattersinouronepreciouslife.1．Whenthewomansaidfortwoweekssheonlysleptforfourhoursanight，________．A．shewasunsat

isfiedwithherlifestyleB．shewasaskingforsuggestionsC．shetookprideindoingsoD．sheknewfewpeoplewerelikeher2．WhatisParagraph4mainlyfor?A．Thecauseandr

esultof“TheMoreBubble”．B．Theadvantagesof“TheMoreBubble”．C．Thesolutionsto“TheMoreBubble”．D．Thenewtrendsof“TheMoreBubble”．3．Accordingtothearticle,

Essentialistsarethosewho________．A．giveupcertainthingsforwhatmattersinlifeB．prefertochangefrequentlyC．aretiredofinformati

onandopinionsD．areeagertobecomesuccessfulandimportant4．Wecaninferfromthearticlethattheauthor________“TheMoreBubble”．A．issupportiveofB．isundecide

daboutC．disapprovesofD．wondersabout【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了一种在人们行为表现中出现的不正常现象——“TheMoreBubble”——的成因及解决方法。1．解

析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“shewasproudofthefact”可知，她对于自己的这种做法感到自豪。故答案选C。2．解析：选A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句可知，本段主要讨论了这种现象形成的原因

和结果。故答案选A。3．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.”可知，“Thesepeople”指的是上文提到的“Esse

ntialists”，他们围绕重要的事物设计他们的生活，将其余不重要的部分删去。故答案选A。4．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为我们要么被“TheMoreBubble”束缚，要么成为Essentialist，在

我们珍贵的生命中得到重要的东西；由此可推知，作者对“TheMoreBubble”这种现象是不赞成的。故答案选C。EDeception(骗术)issomethingthatpeopledoallthetime,anditplaysanimportantroleinmilitary(军事的)s

trategy.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtofigureouthowtogetrobotstodoit,bylookingatthebehaviorofsquirrelsandbirds.AtGeorgiaTech,ate

amledbyRonaldArkin,aprofessorattheSchoolofInteractiveComputing,studiedtheliteratureonsquirrelshidingtheiracorns(橡果).Squirrelswillhide

theirfoodinacertainplace,butwhentheyseeothersquirrelstryingtostealfromthem,theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.RonaldAr

kinandhisPh.D.studentJaeeunShimusedthatasamodelforrobotbehavior.Theyprogrammedtherobotintotrickinga“

predator(捕食者)”machinebydoingwhatasquirreldoes:showingtheenemyafalselocationforanimportantresource.Thetea

malsolookedathowotheranimals—inthiscase,aspeciesofbirdcalledArabianbabbler—driveoffpredators.Ababblerwillmake

analarmcallwhentheyseeapredatorandotherbabblerswilljointhebirdandmakemorecalls.Theythensurroundthepredator,allthewh

ileflapping(拍打)wingsandmakingnoises.Thebabblersdon'teveractuallyfighttheanimaltheywanttodriveoff;theyjustmakeenoughnois

esandflapsaroundenoughsothatitseemsthatattackingababblerisn'tworthit.Theyfoundthatthedeceptionworkswhenthegroupreachesa

certainsize—essentially,whenenoughbirdsarrivetoconvincetheenemythatit'sbesttobackoff.Davismodeledthatbehaviorinsoftwareusinga

militarysceneandfoundthatitworkedevenifthegroupdidn'thavethefirepowertoconfronttheenemydirectly.Themil

itaryisinterestedinthisbecausearobotthatcanfoolanopponentisavaluabletool.Itcouldleadanenemydownafalsetrailormakeits

elflookmoredangerousthanitactuallyis.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用，一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。1．W

hydoesthemilitarywanttotakeadvantageofsquirrels'trick?A．Itcanreducetheuseoffirepowertoconfronttheenemy.B

．Itcanfooltheenemyintobelievingitismoredangerous.C．Itcanleadtheenemyinawrongdirectiontoavoidlosingresources.D．Itcans

caretheenemyawaywhowantstodestroytheacorns.答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“...theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.”可知，松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松

鼠吃掉，会朝别的方向奔跑，由此可推知，C项正确。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewayArabianbabblersdriveoffpredators?A．Onebirdmakesanalarmcallandotherbirdswilljoinit.B．They

fighttheenemybravelyfacetoface.C．Theymakenoisesandflapsaroundthepredator.D．Theyforcethepredatorawarethatitisn'tworthwhilet

oattack.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中Arabianbabbler赶走predator的过程可知，B项不是Arabianbabbler赶走掠夺者的方法。故B项正确。3．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Animals'behaviorsarerese

archedtobeappliedtothestudyofmilitaryrobots.B．Robots'foolingtricksareappliedtothestudyofanimals'behaviors.C．Birdsandsquirrelsaretheanimalsthatar

egoodatdeception.D．Researchersareinterestedinanimals'militaryrelatedbehaviors.答案：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了松鼠和Arabianbabbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程

，研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这些行为，从而有效地运用于军事战略当中。故A项正确。