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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（5）AIfyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife，newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordi

ngtoarecentscientificstudy，peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenma

rkhavebeenstudyingover1，000joggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweek

forlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatp

eoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecau

sestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).Overtime，thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr，aresearcherinCopenh

agen，said，“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy，joggingafewtimesaweekatamoderatepa

ceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary，anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofe

xercisesuchastaichi，yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events，triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.Accordingto

JacobLouisMarott，anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy，“Youdon’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpacton

yourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.1.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraphlisclosestinmean

ingto“___________”.A.hardB.regularC.practicalD.flexible2.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to___________.A.suggestgivingupjoggin

gB.showrisksofdoingsportsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.introducetheresearchprocess3.Accordingtothescientists，whyistoomuchexerci

seharmful？A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.4.Whatcan

beinferredfromthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.D.P

roperexercisecontributestogoodhealth.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。1.A【解析】考查词义推测。hard耗费体力的；regul

ar有规律的；practical实际的；flexible灵活的。由第一段最后一句“Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy，peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutare

aslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.”可知，一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死，故应选A。3.A【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“Thes

cientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).”可知，做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉，故应选A。4.D【解析

】考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故应选D。B(2015·甘肃第一次诊断)RecommendedDelftHotelsBridgesHouseHot

elBridgesHouseHotelisahotelinthecentreofDelftandhasshopsandmuseumsnextdoor.Therearemanyrestaurantsintheareawhereyou

caneatalovelydinnerintheevening.Themarketsquareiswithineasywalkingdistance.Thecomfortableroomsarealluniquelydecoratedandhaveasplendidbathroom.Airc

onditioningandfreeWi­Fiareavailable.Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.Breakfastisservedinthehotellounge.Intheevenings,gues

tscanhaveadrinkhereaswell.HotelJulianaJusta5­minutewalkfromthecentreofDelft,thisfriendlyfamilyhotelisclosetoeverythingandofferscomfortableroomsatanaf

fordableprice.Themainpriorityistoprovideyouwithqualityservicethroughpersonalattentionandbycreatingapleasantatmosphere.Thishot

elisalsoconvenientlylocatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.Otherculturalspotsandaseriesofbarsandrestaurantsarejustastrollaway.ShanghaiHotelThi

suniquehotelfeaturesChinese­styledecorationandanelegantbar.ShanghaiHotelislocatednexttotheA13highway,onlya10­minutedrivefromDelftcityce

ntre.Itoffersfreeon­siteparking.EachoftheroomsatShanghaiHotelincludesflat­screencableTV,adeskandtea/c

offeemakingfacilitiesplusarefrigerator.Thecomfortablemodernbathroomshaveashower,ahairdryerandfreemakeup.HoteldeKoophand

elLocatedonthecentralBeestenMarket，HoteldeKoophandelissurroundedbycafesandrestaurantsintheheartofDelft.Inthebreakfas

troom,youcanenjoyvariousbreads,toasts，cereals,eggsandfruitsinthemorning.Thecomfortableanduniquelydecoratedroomsa

reequippedwithaprivatebathroomandfreeWi­Fi.Coffeeandteafacilitiesareavailable.Becauseoftheperfectlocation,y

oucaneasilywalkaroundthecitycentreandvisitthemainplacesofinterest.Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickherewww.booki

ng.com/hotel/nl.1．Whichhotelisthebestchoiceifsomeoneisextremelytall?A．BridgesHouseHotel.B.HotelJuliana.C．ShanghaiHotel.D．HoteldeKoophandel.2．Ifs

omeonechoosesShanghaiHotel,he________．A．canenjoyvariousbreadsandeggsB．cangototheTechnicalUniversityofDelftC．maybeinterestedinChi

nese­styledecorationD．mayvisitsomeparksforfree3．Whatdoallthehotelsinthepassagehaveincommon?A．TheyofferfreeWi­Fi.B．Theyareat

Delftcitycentre.C．Theyofferfreeon­siteparking.D．Theyoffercomfortablerooms.4．Wherecanyouprobablyseethepassage?A．Inamagazine.

B．Inanewspaper.C．OntheInternet.D．InaTVprogram.【解题导语】本文是一则广告，主要是为荷兰的一个城市——Delft的四家宾馆做广告，简要介绍了它们的地理位置和相关特色。1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据BridgesHouseHotel部分第一

段最后一句“Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.”可知，如果房客很高的话，他最好选BridgesHouseHotel。故答案选A。2．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据HoteldeKoophandel部分第一

段中的“youcanenjoyvariousbreads...eggs...”和HotelJuliana部分第二段第一句“Thishotelis...locatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.”可知，A、B两项不符合题意；根据Shang

haiHotel部分第一段最后一句“Itoffersfreeon­siteparking.”可知，这家宾馆的房客可享受到免费的停车服务，而不是免费到公园游玩，因此D项错误。根据ShanghaiHotel部分第一段第一句“ThisuniquehotelfeaturesChinese

­styledecoration...”可知，C项符合题意。故答案选C。3．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据BridgesHouseHotel部分第一段第四句“Thecomfortablerooms...”、HotelJuliana部分第一段第一句“...offerscom

fortablerooms...”、ShanghaiHotel部分第二段“EachoftheroomsatShanghaiHotelincludesflat­screencableTV...Thecomfortablemodernbathrooms...”和H

oteldeKoophandel部分第二段第一句中的“Thecomfortableanduniquelydecoratedrooms”可推知，这四家宾馆的共同之处在于它们都提供舒服的房间。故答案选D。4．解析：选C。文章出处题。

根据最后一段“Formoredetailedinformation,pleaseclickherewww.booking.com/hotel/nl.”可知，最有可能在网上看到这篇文章。故答案选C。CSince1984，Philade

lphiahasbeencleaningupitsact.Onebyone，graffiti­coveredwallsarebeingchangedintooutdoorart.Sofar，moretha

n1,800murals(壁画)havebeenpainted.PhiladelphianowhasmoremuralsthananyotherAmericancity.Thewallsthatwereonceuglywithgraffiti(涂鸦)arenowco

veredwithbeautifulpicturesofhistoricalheroesandmodernart,thankstotheMuralArtsProgram(MAP).Itsworkmakessc

hoolsandpublicplacesattractive,anditscitizensveryproud.TheprogrambeganaspartofPhiladelphia'sAnti­GraffitiNetwork.Ja

neGoldenistheMAP'sartisticdirector.“Whenpeopleaskmewhatourprogramisabout,”shesays，“Ianswerthemwithoneword:hope.”Eachy

ear,theMAPoffersyouthartprogramsandworkshops.Someone­timegraffitiwritersevenhelppaintMAPmurals.TheMAP'swork,saysGolden,isallaboutdevelopingasenseof

community(社区).Whenaneighborhoodrequestsamural，theMAPworkswiththepeopletheretodevelopamessage.Somemessageshaveb

een“SafeStreets，”“LoveandCare,”and“PeaceWalk.”TheMAPreceivesupto50requestsformuralseachweek.Lastyear，theworkerspai

nted140murals.“Themakingofamuralenterspeople'scollectivememoryasanextraordinary，pleasantmomentinneighborhoodhistor

y，”saysGolden，whobeganasamuralistinLosAngeles.本文论述了费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。1.Whatcanbethebesttitl

eforthetext?A.Love，fromGraffitiWriterstoMuralistsB.MAP,aNewCompanyinPhiladelphiaC.Jane，anExcellentMuralArtistD.Hope，OneWallataTime答案：D。主旨大意题。本文主要介

绍费城通过MAP这一项目逐步地将墙体上的涂鸦变成了一种室外艺术形式——壁画，从而给人们带来了新的希望。2.WhatistheMuralArtsPrograminPhiladelphiaaimedat?A.Helpingthe

youngfindjobs.B.Protectingtheneighborhood.C.Fightingagainstgraffiti.D.Attractingmorevisitors.答案：C。细节理解题。由第二段的“theprogrambeganaspartofphilad

elphia'sAnti­GraffitiNetwork.”可知C项正确。3.HowdoestheMAPdecideonthemessageforamural?A.Byhavingdiscussionswithpeopleinthecommunity.B.Byseekingadvicefromth

ecitygovernment.C.Bylearningfromtheyounggraffitiwriters.D.Bystudyingthehistoryofthecity.答案：A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句

可知答案为A项。4．WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheworkoftheMAP?A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Experimental.D.Successful.答案：D。推理判断题。由文章第四段可知t

heMAP每周会收到很多的邀请，每年会画很多的壁画，故可推出工作很成功，答案为D项。D(2015·石家庄二中一模)Wehaveaproblem,andthestrangethingisthatwenotonlyknowaboutit,butalsocelebrateit.Justtoda

y,someoneboastedtomethatshewassobusythatshe’saveragedfourhoursofsleepanightforthelasttwoweeks.Shewasn’tcomplaining;shew

asproudofthefact.Sheisnotalone.Whyaretypicallyrationalpeoplesoirrationalintheirbehavior?Theansweristhatwe’rein

themidstofabubble.Icallit“TheMoreBubble”．Thenatureofbubblesisthatsomethingisabsurdlyovervalueduntil—eventually—thebubblebursts,andwe’rel

eftwonderingwhyweweresoirrationallyanimatedinthefirstplace.Thethingweareovervaluingnowistheopinionofdoingi

tall,havingitall,achievingitall.Thisbubbleisbeingenabledbyacombinationofthreepowerfultrends:smartphones,socialmedia,andextremec

onsumerism.Theresultisnotjustinformationoverload,butopinionoverload.Wearemoreawarethanatanytimeinhistoryofwhateveryoneelseis

doingand，therefore,whatweshouldbedoing.Intheprocess,wehavebeensoldabillofgoods:thatsuccessmeansbeingsupermenandsuperwomenwhocangetital

ldone.Ofcourse,weboastedaboutbeingbusy—it’scodeforbeingsuccessfulandimportant.Andouranswertotheproblemofmoreisalwaysmore.Weneedmoretechnologytoh

elpuscreatemoretechnologies.Weneedtoshiftourworkloadtofreeupourowntimetodoyetevenmore.Luckily,thereisasolutiontothepursuit

ofmore:thepursuitofless,butbetter,agrowingnumberofpeoplearemakingthischange.IcallthesepeopleEssentialists.Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirliv

esaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.Thesepeoplearrangetohaveactualweekends(duringwhichtheyarenotworking)．Theycreatedtech

nology­freezonesintheirhomes.TheytradetimeonFacebookwithcallingthosefewfriendswhoreallymattertothem.Insteadofru

nningtodifferentmeetings,theyputspaceontheircalendarstogetimportantworkdone.Sowehavetwochoices：Wecanbeamongthel

astpeoplecaughtupin“TheMoreBubble”，orwecanjointhegrowingcommunityofEssentialistsandgetmoreofwhatmatte

rsinouronepreciouslife.1．Whenthewomansaidfortwoweekssheonlysleptforfourhoursanight，________．A．shewasunsa

tisfiedwithherlifestyleB．shewasaskingforsuggestionsC．shetookprideindoingsoD．sheknewfewpeoplewerelikeher2．WhatisParagraph4mainlyfor?A．Thecauseandr

esultof“TheMoreBubble”．B．Theadvantagesof“TheMoreBubble”．C．Thesolutionsto“TheMoreBubble”．D．Thenewtrendsof“TheMoreBubble”．3．

Accordingtothearticle,Essentialistsarethosewho________．A．giveupcertainthingsforwhatmattersinlifeB．prefertochangefrequentlyC．aretiredo

finformationandopinionsD．areeagertobecomesuccessfulandimportant4．Wecaninferfromthearticlethattheauthor________“

TheMoreBubble”．A．issupportiveofB．isundecidedaboutC．disapprovesofD．wondersabout【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了一种在人们行为表现中出现的不正常现象——“The

MoreBubble”——的成因及解决方法。1．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“shewasproudofthefact”可知，她对于自己的这种做法感到自豪。故答案选C。2．解析：选A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句可知，本段主要讨论了这种现象

形成的原因和结果。故答案选A。3．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.

”可知，“Thesepeople”指的是上文提到的“Essentialists”，他们围绕重要的事物设计他们的生活，将其余不重要的部分删去。故答案选A。4．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为我们要么被“

TheMoreBubble”束缚，要么成为Essentialist，在我们珍贵的生命中得到重要的东西；由此可推知，作者对“TheMoreBubble”这种现象是不赞成的。故答案选C。EDeception(骗术)issomethingthatpeopledoallth

etime,anditplaysanimportantroleinmilitary(军事的)strategy.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtofigureouthowtogetrobotstodoit,bylookingatthebehaviorofsquir

relsandbirds.AtGeorgiaTech,ateamledbyRonaldArkin,aprofessorattheSchoolofInteractiveComputing,studiedtheliteratureonsq

uirrelshidingtheiracorns(橡果).Squirrelswillhidetheirfoodinacertainplace,butwhentheyseeothersquirrelstryi

ngtostealfromthem,theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.RonaldArkinandhisPh.D.studentJaeeunShimusedthatasamodelforrobo

tbehavior.Theyprogrammedtherobotintotrickinga“predator(捕食者)”machinebydoingwhatasquirreldoes:showingtheenemyafalselocat

ionforanimportantresource.Theteamalsolookedathowotheranimals—inthiscase,aspeciesofbirdcalledArabianbabbler—driveoffpredators.Ababblerwillmakeanalar

mcallwhentheyseeapredatorandotherbabblerswilljointhebirdandmakemorecalls.Theythensurroundthepredator,allthewhileflapping(拍打)wingsandmaking

noises.Thebabblersdon'teveractuallyfighttheanimaltheywanttodriveoff;theyjustmakeenoughnoisesandflapsaroundenoughsothatitseemsthatattack

ingababblerisn'tworthit.Theyfoundthatthedeceptionworkswhenthegroupreachesacertainsize—essentially,whenenoughbirdsar

rivetoconvincetheenemythatit'sbesttobackoff.Davismodeledthatbehaviorinsoftwareusingamilitarysceneandf

oundthatitworkedevenifthegroupdidn'thavethefirepowertoconfronttheenemydirectly.Themilitaryisinterestedinthisbe

causearobotthatcanfoolanopponentisavaluabletool.Itcouldleadanenemydownafalsetrailormakeitselflookmoredange

rousthanitactuallyis.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用，一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。1．Whydoesthemilitarywanttotakeadvantageof

squirrels'trick?A．Itcanreducetheuseoffirepowertoconfronttheenemy.B．Itcanfooltheenemyintobelievingitismoredangerous.C．Itc

anleadtheenemyinawrongdirectiontoavoidlosingresources.D．Itcanscaretheenemyawaywhowantstodestroytheacorns.答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第二

段最后一句“...theyattempttofoolthethievesbyrunningtoafalselocation.”可知，松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃掉，会朝别的方向奔跑，由此可推知，C项正确。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthewayArabi

anbabblersdriveoffpredators?A．Onebirdmakesanalarmcallandotherbirdswilljoinit.B．Theyfighttheenemybravelyfacetofac

e.C．Theymakenoisesandflapsaroundthepredator.D．Theyforcethepredatorawarethatitisn'tworthwhiletoattack.答案：B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中Arabianbabble

r赶走predator的过程可知，B项不是Arabianbabbler赶走掠夺者的方法。故B项正确。3．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Animals'behaviorsareresearchedtobeappliedtothestudyof

militaryrobots.B．Robots'foolingtricksareappliedtothestudyofanimals'behaviors.C．Birdsandsquirrelsaretheanimalsthataregoodatdeception.D．Resea

rchersareinterestedinanimals'militaryrelatedbehaviors.答案：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了松鼠和Arabianbabbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程，研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这些行为，从而有效地运用

于军事战略当中。故A项正确。