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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（1）APollution’sgreateffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears,leadingtoamovemen

ttopromoteenergyefficiency（效率）,lessrelianceonfossil（化石)fuels,andareductioninairandwaterpollution.Mostscientistsagreethatsuchc

hangesarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.Theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofene

rgyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.IntheUnitedStates,buildinganddevelopmentaccountfor39%ofthecountry’stotalenergyuse,12%oftotalwaterc

onsumption,68%oftotalelectricityconsumptionand38%ofcarbondioxideemissions（二氧化碳排放）,accordingtotheEnvironmentProtectionAgency.Greenb

uildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,andgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Buildersofgreenbuildingsuse

techniquesthatuseresourcesmoreefficientlyduringtheentirebuildingcycle—construction,restoration,operation,maintenance（维护）anddemoli

tion（拆毁）—thanthosewhoconstructmoreregularbuildings.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems（

生态系统）andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinlowero

peratingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofp

eoplewholiveinsuchbuildings.Theprocessofbuildinggreenincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesigns

oftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,rec

ycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings,reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingm

aterialsoverlongdistances.Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize（最小化）humanimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placingastruc

tureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes（微风）andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpense

areneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportanttobuildsmall.Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.Theseroofsarep

artlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwit

hpollutants.Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableenergys

ourcessuchassolarpower,hydropower（水能）andwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheimpactontheenviro

nment.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thenecessityofpromotingenergyefficiency.B.Theprocessofbuildinggreenbuildings.C.Thebenefitsandf

eaturesofgreenbuildings.D.Greenbuildingseffectsontheenvironment.2.Accordingtothetext,greenbuildingsrefertothebuildingsthat______.A.p

roducenowasteB.onlyusecleanenergyC.aremadeofrecycledmaterialsD.useenergyandresourcesmoreefficiently3.Whichofthefollowin

gstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenbuildings?A.Theyrelyonfossilfuelsandsolarpowerforheatandelectricity.B.Smallbuilding

sarelessefficientinenergyusethanlargerones.C.Theecosystemhastobeconsideredwhenbuildingagreenbuilding.D.Theyaredifficulttomaintainandthusneedmoreopera

tingcosts.4.Whyaregreenroofsused?A.TheyfitthesurroundingenvironmentwellB.TheyarecheaperthanotherkindsofroofsC.Theycankeepnatural

waterforuseineverydaylifeD.Theycanhelptocontrolthetemperatureinthebuildingwell【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了greenbuilding的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作

用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Greenbuildingsuselessenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,orgotoschoolintha

nstandardbuildings.Greenbuildingsuseresourcesmoreproperlyduringtheentirebuildingcyclethantraditionalbuilding.和倒数第二

段第一句Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.倒数第一段第一句Otherfeaturesofgreenbuil

dingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Greenbuildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正

确。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems（生态系统）andb

iodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。4.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二

段Theseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunnin

goffanddealwithpollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。BManypeoplerush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_four­legged_family_member，on

lytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet.Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotf

indanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsi

bilitiesofpetownership.Beingaresponsiblepetownerinvolvesafinancialcommitmentthatgoesbeyondbuyingdogfood.Thereareal

soparasite(寄生虫)prevention，boardingcostswhiletravelingandthecosttocareforthepetshoulditbecomeillorinjured.T

hatisnottosaythatonemustberichinordertohaveadog，butitisimportanttobepreparedfortheexpensesthatcomewithbeingapetowner.Anotherconsiderationisthetim

ecommitment.Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsituationforadog.Apotentialdogownermustalsoconsiderthet

imeittakestocareforhisorherpet，thetimeittakestofeed，walk，playwith，batheandcleanup.Also，dogsrequireattention.Bepreparedtospendtimeeachdaypettingand

playingwithit.Dogsaredogs，andwillactlikedogs.Thisincludesbarking，digging，havingaccidentsinthehouseand，possibly，destroyingsomeo

ftheowner’sprizedpossessions，suchasfurniture，shoesandcellphones.Iftheabovewouldcauseanownertowanttogetridofthedog，thenheorsheisnotyetreadytobeapet

owner.Manywonderfulpetsendupinshelterssimplybecausetheyactedlikedogs!1．Whomightbequalifiedtobeadogowner，accordingtothetext?A．Kari

，ateacherwhoworkseighthoursaday.B．Jim，whohasadaughtersensitivetodog’ssmell.C．Dick，ajoblessteenagerwhocanhardl

ypayhisrent.D．Steven，abusinessmanwhotravelsalotonbusiness.2．TobearesponsibledogowneryouneedtodoallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．buyingdogfoodandfeedi

ngitB．takingittohospitalwhennecessaryC．spendingtimeeachdayplayingwithitD．findingashelterforitwhenyouareboredwithit3．Whatdoestheunderlined

partinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Rushtoadoptadogformally.B．Committobuyadogandtakeithome.C．Runintoapetshelterandtakeonehomesoquickly

.D．Decidetobeapetownerwithoutthinkingaboutitcarefully.4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DogsAreDogsB．ReadyforaPet?C．Hav

eTimeforaDog?D．PetsAreFamilyMembers【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。1．解析：

选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsituationforadog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他

(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoided

ifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个

负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物

的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“iftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养

宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“ReadyforaPet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。CInbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaderssayspee

distotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryan

dcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstud

yof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthos

ethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%

highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetper

formingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperatio

nspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproductio

n,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Ino

urstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednew

waysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,p

aidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.

Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,ar

emoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gaina

nedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increasethespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.()2.Theunderlinedpart“thela

wsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means___________.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimea

ndperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdepe

ndsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyo

perationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.()4.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.

C.Reducetime?Movefaster.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【参考答案】1---4、BDCDD(2015·河北七校高三联合考试)Name：OfftheBeatenPathCoverprice:$30.00Ourprice:$19.80TheRead

er’sDigesttravelbookhas40%newcontentsincludingover200newsites，over200newfull­colorphotographs，andall­new，up­to­datemaps.Itspotlightsove

r1，000oftheUnitedStates’mostoverlookedmust­seedestinations.Name：ContainerGardensbyNumberCoverprice:$15.95Ourprice:$9.49Auniquebookcontains50e

asy­to­followcontainerdesigns.Eachdesignprovidesasimplenumberedplantingplanthatshowsexactlyhowtocreateeachdisplay，withaninstructionoft

hefinishedplanterandin­depth(深入的)plantinformation.Theplansareeasytofollowandforanytypeoflivingspaceorgarden.Name：BestWe

ekendProjectsCoverprice:$17.95Ourprice:$13.96Choosefrom80uniqueideastocreateanextraordinarylivingspace.Theprojectsarepractical，aswell

asattractive，andwillimproveyourhomeandyardandcanbemadeinaweekend.These80well­designedprojectsarepresentedinaclear，easy­t

o­followstylethataddressesreadersinanaccessible，user­friendlytone.Name：1801HomeRemediesCoverprice:$40.00

Ourprice:$29.96Plentyofhealthcomplaintscanbehandledathome.Eachandeveryremedywillbetestedbyadoctortomakesureitissafeandsound.Dozensofc

onditionsarecovered，fromheadaches，sunburn，badbreath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，tohiccups(打嗝)．1．Youcanmostp

robablyreadthepassageina______．A．referencebookB．travelguideC．newspaperD．textbook2．WhatmakesOfftheBeatenPathdifferentfromotherbooks?A．Itisthemostp

opularbook.B．Itdoesn’tofferadiscount.C．Itcontainscolorfulpictures.D．Itfocusesonpeople’sdailylife.3．Whichbookoffersthebiggestdiscount?A．OfftheBeaten

Path.B．1801HomeRemedies.C．BestWeekendProjects.D．ContainerGardensbyNumber.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。1．解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文

可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。2．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。3．解析：选D。细节理解题。

根据文中提供的四本书的“Coverprice”和“Ourprice”价格计算比较可知，ContainerGardensbyNumber打折最多，故选D项。EManypeoplerush_into_the_commitment_of_bring

ing_home_a_four­legged_family_member，onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet.Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfin

danotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresp

onsibilitiesofpetownership.Beingaresponsiblepetownerinvolvesafinancialcommitmentthatgoesbeyondbuyingdogfood.Therearealsoparasite(寄生虫)preve

ntion，boardingcostswhiletravelingandthecosttocareforthepetshoulditbecomeillorinjured.Thatisnottosaythatonemust

berichinordertohaveadog，butitisimportanttobepreparedfortheexpensesthatcomewithbeingapetowner.Anotherconsiderationisthetimecomm

itment.Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsituationforadog.Apotentialdogownermustalsoconsiderthetimeittakestocareforhisorherpet，t

hetimeittakestofeed，walk，playwith，batheandcleanup.Also，dogsrequireattention.Bepreparedtospendtimeeach

daypettingandplayingwithit.Dogsaredogs，andwillactlikedogs.Thisincludesbarking，digging，havingaccidentsinthehouseand，possibly，destroyingsomeoft

heowner’sprizedpossessions，suchasfurniture，shoesandcellphones.Iftheabovewouldcauseanownertowanttogetridofthedog，thenheo

rsheisnotyetreadytobeapetowner.Manywonderfulpetsendupinshelterssimplybecausetheyactedlikedogs!1．Whomightbequalifiedtobeadogowner，accordingtothetext?

A．Kari，ateacherwhoworkseighthoursaday.B．Jim，whohasadaughtersensitivetodog’ssmell.C．Dick，ajoblessteenagerwhocanhardlypayhis

rent.D．Steven，abusinessmanwhotravelsalotonbusiness.2．TobearesponsibledogowneryouneedtodoallthefollowingEXCEPT_____

___．A．buyingdogfoodandfeedingitB．takingittohospitalwhennecessaryC．spendingtimeeachdayplayingwithitD．findingashelterforitwhenyouareboredwithit3．Wh

atdoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Rushtoadoptadogformally.B．Committobuyadogandtakeithome.C．Runintoapetshel

terandtakeonehomesoquickly.D．Decidetobeapetownerwithoutthinkingaboutitcarefully.4．Whatmightbethebesttitlefort

hetext?A．DogsAreDogsB．ReadyforaPet?C．HaveTimeforaDog?D．PetsAreFamilyMembers【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。1．

解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsituationforadog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每

天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterw

hereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfo

rtheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“onlyto

findoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“iftheyar

etrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“ReadyforaPet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。