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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（1）APollution’sgreateffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears,leadingtoamovementtopromoteenergyeffi

ciency（效率）,lessrelianceonfossil（化石)fuels,andareductioninairandwaterpollution.Mostscientistsagreethatsuchchangesarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfro

mfurtherharm.Theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.IntheUn

itedStates,buildinganddevelopmentaccountfor39%ofthecountry’stotalenergyuse,12%oftotalwaterconsumption,6

8%oftotalelectricityconsumptionand38%ofcarbondioxideemissions（二氧化碳排放）,accordingtotheEnvironmentProtectionAgency.Greenbuildingsusel

essenergy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,andgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Buildersofgreenbuildin

gsusetechniquesthatuseresourcesmoreefficientlyduringtheentirebuildingcycle—construction,restoration,operation,maintena

nce（维护）anddemolition（拆毁）—thanthosewhoconstructmoreregularbuildings.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems（生态系统）and

biodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswasteflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingc

ostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairquality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholiveinsuchbuildi

ngs.Theprocessofbuildinggreenincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentan

dnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,recycledresourcesfoundlocallyareused

forgreenbuildings,reducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialsoverlongdistances.Carefulsiteselectio

nisimportanttominimize（最小化）humanimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageo

fcoolbreezes（微风）andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpenseareneededforlargerbuildingsaswel

l,soitisimportanttobuildsmall.Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.Theseroofsarepartlyorcomple

telycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.Otherfeatur

esofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableene

rgysourcessuchassolarpower,hydropower（水能）andwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheimpactonthee

nvironment.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thenecessityofpromotingenergyefficiency.B.Theprocessofbuildinggreenbuildings.C.Thebenefitsandfeatur

esofgreenbuildings.D.Greenbuildingseffectsontheenvironment.2.Accordingtothetext,greenbuildingsrefert

othebuildingsthat______.A.producenowasteB.onlyusecleanenergyC.aremadeofrecycledmaterialsD.useenergyandresourcesmoreefficiently3.Whichofthefollowin

gstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenbuildings?A.Theyrelyonfossilfuelsandsolarpowerforheatandelectricity.B.Smallbuildin

gsarelessefficientinenergyusethanlargerones.C.Theecosystemhastobeconsideredwhenbuildingagreenbuilding.D.Theyaredifficulttomaint

ainandthusneedmoreoperatingcosts.4.Whyaregreenroofsused?A.TheyfitthesurroundingenvironmentwellB.Theyarecheap

erthanotherkindsofroofsC.TheycankeepnaturalwaterforuseineverydaylifeD.Theycanhelptocontrolthetemperatureinthebuildin

gwell【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了greenbuilding的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Greenbuildingsuselessener

gy,water,createlesswaste,andarehealthiertolive,work,orgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Greenbuildingsuseresourcesmoreproperlyduringtheentirebuild

ingcyclethantraditionalbuilding.和倒数第二段第一句Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.倒数第一段第一句Otherfeaturesofgreen

buildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservation,recycling,andwastereduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Greenbuildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。3.C【解析】推理判断

题。根据第四段第一句Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems（生态系统）andbiodiversity,improvedairandwaterquality,lesswast

eflowingintostreams,andtheprotectionofnaturalresources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。4.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段T

heseroofsarepartlyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcosts,preventwaterr

unningoffanddealwithpollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。BManypeoplerush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_four­legged_family_m

ember，onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet.Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoided

ifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.Be

ingaresponsiblepetownerinvolvesafinancialcommitmentthatgoesbeyondbuyingdogfood.Therearealsoparasite(寄生虫)prevention，boardingcostswhi

letravelingandthecosttocareforthepetshoulditbecomeillorinjured.Thatisnottosaythatonemustberichinordertohaveadog，butitisimportantt

obepreparedfortheexpensesthatcomewithbeingapetowner.Anotherconsiderationisthetimecommitment.Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnot

anidealsituationforadog.Apotentialdogownermustalsoconsiderthetimeittakestocareforhisorherpet，thetimeittakestofeed，w

alk，playwith，batheandcleanup.Also，dogsrequireattention.Bepreparedtospendtimeeachdaypettingandplayingwithit.Dog

saredogs，andwillactlikedogs.Thisincludesbarking，digging，havingaccidentsinthehouseand，possibly，destroyingsomeoftheowner’spri

zedpossessions，suchasfurniture，shoesandcellphones.Iftheabovewouldcauseanownertowanttogetridofthedog，thenheorsheisnotyetreadytobeapet

owner.Manywonderfulpetsendupinshelterssimplybecausetheyactedlikedogs!1．Whomightbequalifiedtobeadogowner，accordingtothetext?A．Kari，at

eacherwhoworkseighthoursaday.B．Jim，whohasadaughtersensitivetodog’ssmell.C．Dick，ajoblessteenagerwhocanhardly

payhisrent.D．Steven，abusinessmanwhotravelsalotonbusiness.2．TobearesponsibledogowneryouneedtodoallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．buyin

gdogfoodandfeedingitB．takingittohospitalwhennecessaryC．spendingtimeeachdayplayingwithitD．findingashelte

rforitwhenyouareboredwithit3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Rushtoadoptadogformally.B．Committobuyadogandtakeit

home.C．Runintoapetshelterandtakeonehomesoquickly.D．Decidetobeapetownerwithoutthinkingaboutitcarefully.4．Wh

atmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DogsAreDogsB．ReadyforaPet?C．HaveTimeforaDog?D．PetsAreFamilyMembers【解题导语】

本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayis

notanidealsituationforadog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据

第一段第二、三句“Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpotentialpet

ownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主

人应做的事。故选D。3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合

选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“iftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要

谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“ReadyforaPet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。CInbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirmsleaders

sayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy（策略）andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregar

dlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopick

upthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingin

comesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack,What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup“improvedtheirtopandbo

ttomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusines

sphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”

mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestod

elivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreduce

dvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadech

angeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowe

dtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktote

stedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategic

speedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeet

ingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A.Increase

thespeed.B.Getanadvantage.C.Reachthelimit.D.Setagoal.()2.Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means_________

__.A.spendingmoretimeandperformingworse.B.spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC.spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD.spendinglesstimeandperformingbet

ter()3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B.howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C.Firmsgui

dedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D.Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnec

essaryteamspirit.()4.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Improvequality?Servebetter.B.Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C.Reducetime?Movefas

ter.D.Needspeed?Slowdown.【参考答案】1---4、BDCDD(2015·河北七校高三联合考试)Name：OfftheBeatenPathCoverprice:$30.00Ourprice:$19.80TheReader’sDigesttravelboo

khas40%newcontentsincludingover200newsites，over200newfull­colorphotographs，andall­new，up­to­datemaps.Its

potlightsover1，000oftheUnitedStates’mostoverlookedmust­seedestinations.Name：ContainerGardensbyNumberCoverprice:$15.95Ourpric

e:$9.49Auniquebookcontains50easy­to­followcontainerdesigns.Eachdesignprovidesasimplenumberedplantingplanthatshowsexactlyhowtocreateeachdisplay，wit

haninstructionofthefinishedplanterandin­depth(深入的)plantinformation.Theplansareeasytofollowandforanytypeoflivi

ngspaceorgarden.Name：BestWeekendProjectsCoverprice:$17.95Ourprice:$13.96Choosefrom80uniqueideastocreateanextrao

rdinarylivingspace.Theprojectsarepractical，aswellasattractive，andwillimproveyourhomeandyardandcanbemad

einaweekend.These80well­designedprojectsarepresentedinaclear，easy­to­followstylethataddressesreaders

inanaccessible，user­friendlytone.Name：1801HomeRemediesCoverprice:$40.00Ourprice:$29.96Plentyofhealthcomplaintscanbehandledath

ome.Eachandeveryremedywillbetestedbyadoctortomakesureitissafeandsound.Dozensofconditionsarecovered，fromheadaches，sunburn，badbreath，blisters(水泡)，all

ergies，tohiccups(打嗝)．1．Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassageina______．A．referencebookB．travelguideC．newspaperD．textbook2．WhatmakesOfftheBeatenPathd

ifferentfromotherbooks?A．Itisthemostpopularbook.B．Itdoesn’tofferadiscount.C．Itcontainscolorfulpictures.D．Itfocuseso

npeople’sdailylife.3．Whichbookoffersthebiggestdiscount?A．OfftheBeatenPath.B．1801HomeRemedies.C．BestWeeke

ndProjects.D．ContainerGardensbyNumber.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。1．解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。2．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知

，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Coverprice”和“Ourprice”价格计算比较可知，ContainerGardensbyNumber打折最多，故选

D项。EManypeoplerush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_four­legged_family_member，onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet

.Thisoftenresultsinthedogbeingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpote

ntialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.Beingaresponsiblepetownerinvolvesafinancialcommit

mentthatgoesbeyondbuyingdogfood.Therearealsoparasite(寄生虫)prevention，boardingcostswhiletravelingandthecosttocareforthepetshoulditbecomeillorinjured

.Thatisnottosaythatonemustberichinordertohaveadog，butitisimportanttobepreparedfortheexpensesthatcomewithbeingapeto

wner.Anotherconsiderationisthetimecommitment.Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsituationforadog.Apotentialdogownermustals

oconsiderthetimeittakestocareforhisorherpet，thetimeittakestofeed，walk，playwith，batheandcleanup.Also，d

ogsrequireattention.Bepreparedtospendtimeeachdaypettingandplayingwithit.Dogsaredogs，andwillactlikedogs.This

includesbarking，digging，havingaccidentsinthehouseand，possibly，destroyingsomeoftheowner’sprizedpossessions，suchasfurniture，shoesandcellphones.Iftheab

ovewouldcauseanownertowanttogetridofthedog，thenheorsheisnotyetreadytobeapetowner.Manywonderfulpetsendupinshelterssimplybecausetheyactedlikedogs!1．Wh

omightbequalifiedtobeadogowner，accordingtothetext?A．Kari，ateacherwhoworkseighthoursaday.B．Jim，whohasadaughtersensitivetodog’ssmell.C．Dick，ajobless

teenagerwhocanhardlypayhisrent.D．Steven，abusinessmanwhotravelsalotonbusiness.2．Tobearesponsibledogowneryounee

dtodoallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．buyingdogfoodandfeedingitB．takingittohospitalwhennecessaryC．spendingtimeeachdayplayingwithitD．findingashelte

rforitwhenyouareboredwithit3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Rushtoadoptadogformally.B．Committobuyadogan

dtakeithome.C．Runintoapetshelterandtakeonehomesoquickly.D．Decidetobeapetownerwithoutthinkingaboutitcarefully.4．Whatmightbethebesttit

leforthetext?A．DogsAreDogsB．ReadyforaPet?C．HaveTimeforaDog?D．PetsAreFamilyMembers【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经

济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Anownerawayfromhomefor14hourseverydayisnotanidealsitu

ationforadog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Thisoftenresultsinthedog

beingturnedovertoashelterwhereitmaynotfindanotherhome.Thiscanbeavoidedifpotentialpetownerstakethetimetofigureoutiftheyaretruly

readyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根

据第一段画线部分后的“onlytofindoutthattheyarenotreadyforapet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。4．解析：选

B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“iftheyaretrulyreadyfortheresponsibilitiesofpetownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“ReadyforaPet？

”可作为最佳标题。故选B。