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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（12）AFriendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountr

ytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisord

ers.Ithasbeenshownthatteenagers,perhapsmorethananyotheragegroup,needcompanionshipandasenseofbelonging.Thenegativeconsequencesoflonelinesshave

alsobeenobservedamongtheelderly.Thedeathofaspouseoftenleavesawidoworawidowertotallybereft.If,however,theyaresurroundedbyf

riendsandrelativesandiftheyareabletoexpresstheirfeelings,theyaremorelikelytorecoverfromtheirgrief.“Nomanisanisland.

”Inotherwords,weareallpartsofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ou

rfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriend

ship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Outgoingperso

nsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.Everyoneisn

otequallyopenwithalltheirfriends.Thedegreeofclosenessisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanysta

geinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Regardlessofthelevelofcloseness,

allfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity(互惠),honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.1.Whoaremorelikelytosufferfrompsychologicaldisorderswithout

friends?A.Teenagers.B.Adults.C.Theelderly.D.Acouple.2.Whatdoesthesentence“Nomanisanisland”reallymean?A.Nomaniswillingtolive

onanisland.B.Manusuallydoesn’tgotoanislandC.Everyoneisrelatedwithoursociety.D.Oursocietyisjustlikeanisland.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutoutg

oingpeople?A.Theylikebeingalone.B.Theyarefondofmakingfriends.C.Theyhaveintensefriendships.D.Theyhavefewerclosefriendsindeed4.Whatdoe

sthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theformationofclosefriends.B.Thenumberofrealfriends.C.Honesty,loveandaffection.D.Fac

torstodeterminethedegreeofcloseness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。

人人需要友谊，需要归属感。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精

神疾病。故选A。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoingpersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfew

erbutmoreintensefriendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。4.D【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。B(2015·黑龙江哈尔滨高

三统考)Hungeristhegreatestmotivefortheinexperiencedcook.Butmanypeoplearenowworriedthatweareproducingageneratio

nwithouttheslightestideaofhowtocook—agenerationthatisfrightenedtocook.IhavejustreceivedahandoutfromFocusonFood，whichisrunningacompetitiontoge

tchildrenbackintothekitchen.Hastelevisioncookingbecomeareplacementfortherealthing？Isthisanagewherefamousprofessionalco

okshaveturnedcookingintoasortofshow，withdishesfartoodifficultforthebeginnertocopy?Idecidedtoaskmyoldestdaughter，

Miranda，forheropinion.Arechildrenlearningenoughabouttheimportanceofgoodcooking？Dotheyknowcookingisabasiclifeskill？Sociologyando

ther“new”subjectsareallverywell，butwithouttheabilitytocook，ortounderstandthepleasureandprinciplesofgoodfoodanditsrelationshiptogoodhealth，arewereal

lypreparingthemforadultlife?Mirandastartedhercookingattheageofnine，whenshedecidedtoentertheSainsbury’sFutureCookcompet

ition.Shewasmotivatedbyadifferentkindofgreed：thefirstprize—atriptoDisneyWorld.Theproblem，fromtheparentalpointofview，wasthatifshemadeitthrought

otheregional(区域性的)finals，shewouldhavetocookhermealinfrontofthejudges.Some30,000childrenenteredandshemadeitthroughastheyoun

gestregionalfinalist.Nowshehadtolearntocook.Herhandswerenotevenbigenoughtoholdtheknifeandslicetheonions.SixSaturdaysrunningweatethesame

lunch—Mozzarellameatballsinfreshtomatojuiceandblueberry.First，shecookedbymyside，thenalonewithtimingsandinstructi

ons.Finally，shewentaloneagainsttheclock.Thekitchenlookedlikeabattlefield，butshehadgainedvictory.Theti

nybe­cappedfigurethenstoodinanunknownBristolhotel，lookinglikeaprofessionalwhohadbeenatthestoveforyears.Shedidn’t

win，butshecamehomewith￡50andthemostvaluablepartofthemall：confidence.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿参加了一个以让孩子回归厨房为目的的烹饪比赛，为此孩子努力学习烹饪

，虽然最后没有赢得比赛，但却赢得了信心。1．ThecompetitionrunbyFocusonFoodisintendedfor________.A．childrenB．parentsC．teachersD．chefs解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“...Focu

sonFood，whichisrunningacompetitiontogetchildrenbackintothekitchen.”可知，这个比赛是为孩子们举办的。故选A。2．Whydoesthewriterthinkcookingissoimportant?A．It

isaneasywaytokeephealthy.B．Ithelpsdeveloprelationships.C．Itisanecessaryskillforlife.D．Itcansavealotofmoney.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Doyouknowcookingi

sabasiclifeskill？”可知，作者认为烹饪是一种基本的生活技能，是必需的。故选C。3．Thewriter’sfamilyhadthesamelunchonsixSaturdaysbecause________.A．thefam

ilystucktohealthyfoodB．MirandahadtopractisecookingC．thedishwasthefamily’sonlyfoodD．thedishwasMiranda’sfavoritemeal解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nowshehadtole

arntocook...SixSaturdaysrunningweatethesamelunch”可知，作者的女儿作为地区年龄最小的选手进入了决赛，女儿要为比赛做准备，所以她要练习烹饪，做饭给家人吃。故选B。4．WhatdidMirandagainfromthec

ompetition?A．AtriptoDisneyWorld.B．Supportfromfriends.C．Amedalforthewinner.D．Beliefinherself.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一

句中的“butshecamehomewith￡50andthemostvaluablepartofthemall：confidence”可知，Miranda在比赛中收获了信心。故选D。CTheTajMahan(泰姬

陵)isalovestory，asadandbeautifulone.Ifitdidn’texist，wewouldeasilyimaginethatthestoryofitsconstructionwassimplyafairytale.Threehundredyearsago，t

herelivedanIndianemperorcalledShahJahan.Hiswifewasabeautifulandbrightwomanwhomhelovedgreatly.HertitlewasMumtazlMahan

：itsshortenedformTajMahan，means“prideofthepalace”.Intheyear1630thisbelovedwifeoftheemperordied.Hewassobroke

n­heartedthathethoughtofgivinguphisthrone.Hedecidedoutofhisloveforhiswife，tobuildherthemostbeautifultombthathadeverbeenseen.

HesummonedthebestartistsandarchitectsfromIndia，Turkey，PersiaandArabiaandfinally，thedesignwascomplete.Ittook

morethantwentythousandmenworkingoveraperiodof18yearstobuildtheTajMahan，oneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworld.Thebuilding

itselfstandsonamarble.Platform29meterssquareand6­7metershigh.Towersrisefromeachofthefourcorners.TheTajitselfsoarsanother61metersintotheair.I

tisaneight­sidedbuildingmadeofwhitemarble.Theemperorplannedtobuildanidenticaltombofblackmarbleforhimselfontheothersideofther

iverconnectedbyasilverbridge.Howeverhissonputhimintoaprisoninthepalacebeforehecouldfinish，andfortherestofhislife，hecouldonlygazea

crossriveratthetombofhisbelovedwife.1.Thewholepassagetellsusabout________.A.abeautifulfairytaleB.thestoryoftheTajMahanC.whiteandblackmarbl

etombsmadefortwoemperorsD.thelovestoryofemperorShahJahanandhiswife2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheT

ajMahan?A.Itwascompletedquicklyowingtotheeffortsofthebestartistsandworkers.B.Alotofpeopletookpartinthebuildingwork.C.Itisamagnifice

ntbuilding.D.Itisatombfortheemperor’sbelovedwife.3.Theemperor’sowntombwasdesignedtobe________.A.61metershighB.eight­sidedC.black­coloredD.whi

te­colored4.Theemperor________.A.diedsoonafterTajMahandiedB.waskilledbyhissonC.wasbelovedbyhispeopleD.diedafter16481.AfterschoolI

couldn’thelpsharingwhathadhappenedinthemorningwithourheadmaster.(完形填空倒数第二段第一句)放学后，我禁不住地与校长分享今天上午的事。(1)Shecoul

dn’thelpsmiling.她禁不住地笑了起来。(2)Shecouldn’thelpenvyingHelen.她不由地妒忌海伦。(3)Heknowsnothingaboutit，sohecan’thelptodoanyofyourwork.他什么也不知道，所以不

能帮你的工作。2.Thenextmorning，however，IfoundoutthatalmosteveryonehadforgottenthismatterexceptWillardFranklin.(完形填空第三段第一句)第二天早晨，我却发现除了WillardFr

anklin，其他人都忘记了这件事。(1)TherestaurantisopeneverydayexceptMonday.这家饭店除星期一外，每天都营业。(2)Icananswerallthequestionsexceptforthelast.除了最后一个，我可以回答所有的问题。(

3)Therewillbefiveofusfordinner，besidesJohn.除约翰外还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。(4)Everyonewastherebuthim.除了他之外，所有的人都在。3.Ifitdidn’texist，wewouldeasilyim

aginethatthestoryofitsconstructionwassimplyafairytale.(阅读理解第一段第二句)如果(泰姬陵)不存在，我们就会把它的修建故事轻易地想象成一个简单的神话故事。(1)Imagi

nethatyouareinLondon.想象一下你正在伦敦吧。(2)Ican’timaginethatanyonecareswhatIdo.我想不出谁会关心我的所作所为。(3)Iimaginehe’llbethere.我猜他会到那儿去。【参考答案】1.

B2.A3.C4.DD(2015·甘肃兰州质检)Personalmoney­managementwebsiteMint.comsuggestsrecentlythatresponsibleparentsshouldgivetheirkidscreditcards—p

ossiblystartingasyoungasmiddleschool.Thewebsitesaysacreditcardwillhelpchildrenmasterresponsiblespendinghabitsandgiveparentsthechancet

oteachthemsomevaluablelessons.It’sabsolutelytruethatkidsshouldlearnabouthowacreditcardworksandhowtouseitresponsi

bly.Buttheideathattheyneedacardoftheirowntopractiseisquestionable.Yes，creditcardsareateachingtool，butit’sthetimeyouspendeducatingthemaboutmoneymana

gementthatdoestheteaching，notthepieceofplastic.Sitdownwithyourchild—herewearereferringtoteensandwalkthemthroughyourcreditcardstatements.P

ointoutimportantthingsliketheduedate，latefeewarning，andAPR(年贷款利率)．Ifyouhavegoodcredit，addingachildasanau

thorizeduserontooneofyourcreditcardsalsoprovidesteachablemoments.Allowkidstousethecardtomakespecificpurchasesandrequiretheirparticipatio

ninpayment.Sincethecardisstillinyourname，youcantakethemoffitatanypointandcutofftheiraccessifthey’renotabletohandletheresponsibility.Anotheropti

onistosetthemupwithanaccountatalocalbankthatoffersfreeuseofadebitcard(借记卡)．Unlikecreditcard，thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透支)function.Childrencanonlyus

ethecardtopayforthingsandthemoneyistakendirectlyfromtheirbankaccount.Iftheaccountisempty，theworstthat

willhappenisthecardbeingdeclinedatacashregister.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。一家网站认为给孩子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯，增强他们的责任感。但是作者认为，父母教育孩子管理钱财的最好办法是把孩子

添加为自己的信用卡授权用户或为孩子建立借记卡账户。1．WhydoesMint.comadviseparentstogivemiddleschoolkidscreditcards?A．Toleavetheirkidsfinanciallyindependent

.B．Tohelptheirkidsformgoodspendinghabits.C．Toteachtheirkidshowtosavepocketmoney.D．Tostrengthentherelationshipwiththeirkids.解析：选B。细节理解题

。根据第一段第二句“Thewebsitesaysacreditcardwillhelpchildrenmasterresponsiblespendinghabitsand...”可知，该网站认为，父母给孩子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯。故选B项。2．Theauthorconsiders

acreditcardasateachingtoolbecause________.A．itmotivatesteenstoasktheirparentsforlessfinancialsupportB．ithelpsteenagerstokn

owsomebasicknowledgeofcreditcardsC．itcontainsdetailedfinancialinformationonthecardsurfaceD．itoffersparentsthec

hancetoteachkidstomanagemoney解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Yes，creditcardsareateachingtool，butit’sthetimeyouspendeducatingthemabou

tmoneymanagementthatdoestheteaching，notthepieceofplastic.”可知，作者认为信用卡是一种教育工具，是因为孩子使用信用卡给了父母一个教孩子如何管理钱财的机会。故选D项

。3．Whatisthepurposeofaddingkidsascreditcardauthorizedusers?A．Toavoidextremelyhighoverdraftfees.B．Toencouragethemtosharehouseholdexpens

es.C．Toteachthemtoberesponsiblecreditcardusers.D．Tohelpthempaycloseattentiontotheirbankaccount.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...addingachil

dasanauthorizeduser...Allowkidstousethecardtomakespecificpurchasesandrequiretheirparticipationinpayment.”和倒数第二段中的“ifthey’renotab

letohandletheresponsibility”可知，把孩子添加为信用卡授权用户，可以使孩子为自己的消费买单，这有助于孩子成为有责任心的信用卡用户。故选C项。4．Whatismostlikelyto

bediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Furtherinformationaboutthedebitcard.B．Theoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcard

.C．Moredisadvantagesofcreditcards.D．Thekids’attitudetowardsacreditcard.解析：选A。预测推断题。文章的最后一段提到了另一种选择是为孩子们建立借记卡账户，并简单介绍了其与信用卡的不同，由此可推知，文

章接下来最有可能会介绍借记卡的更多信息。故选A项。ESelenaGomezandIarescheduledtomeetatalow­keycoffeeshopinEncino.Notwantingtokeepthesupersta

rwaiting,Iarrivedatnine,20minutesearly.AsIwascatchingupone­mails,Selenaquietlyscootedintotheseatnexttome.Nobodyguard.Notevenadropo

fmakeup.Shewastenminutesearlyandsoinconspicuousthatnooneelseintherestaurantlookedupsomuch.SelenawaswearingBebeshorts.Shehadababyfacean

dorderedahotchocolate.Aftermakingsmalltalkaboutwhatsheworefortheshoot,shedivedintothesubjectofhercareer.Selenadeclared2012theyearofmovies.

Shefilmedthree:SpringBreakers,adrama;TheGetaway,anactionflick;andHotelTransylvania,acomedy.Eachisamarkedmoveawayfromtheteen

stylethatmadeherahouseholdname.NowthatherDisneydaysarebehindher,Selenaisatthatunstablepointinachildstar'scareerwheresheistryi

ngtogrowup—bothasaperson(sheturned20inJuly)andasanartist.“BeingpartoftheDisneyChannelwassuchablessing,andI'msuperhappywithwh

atmyshowaccomplished,butactingissomethingIwouldliketotakeonmoreseriously.”Shecontinued,“Idon'tnecessarilyfeelaccomplished.Iwanttocreatawholedif

ferentpersonawhenitcomestoacting.”SelenahasbeenworkingfulltimesinceshewassevenyearsoldandscoredaroleonBarney&Friends.I

n2007,whenshewasofferedtheleadinWizardsofWaverlyPlace,Selena,hermother,andherstepfatheruprootedfromGrand

Prairie,Texas,toLA,wheretheyaresettlingnow.文章大意：文章介绍了美国名星赛琳娜·戈麦斯的作品和成长经历。1．WhenwasitthatSelenaarrivedatthelow­keycoffeeshop?A．Atten.B．Attentonine.C．

Attenpastnine.D．Atthirtypastnine.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段的Notwantingtokeepthesuperstarwaiting,Iarrivedatnine,20minutesearly.AsIw

ascatchingupone­mails,Selenaquietlyscootedintotheseatnexttome.Shewastenminutesearly可知，两人约的是9：20，赛琳娜早到10分钟，故选C。2．Whichofthefollowings

tatementsistureaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A．Selenawentintoherfilmcareerassoonaswemetinthecoffeeshop.B．Threefamousfil

msfilmedin2012haveshownherteenstyle.C．ThefilmHotelTransylvaniaisanactionflickfilmedin2012.D．EachofthethreefilmsmarksSelena'smoveaw

ayfromherteenstyle.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Eachisamarkedmoveawayfromtheteenstylethatmadeherahouseholdname.可知。3．HowdidSelenathinkofDisneydaysw

hichwerebehindher?A．ShethoughtofplayinginDisneyablessing.B．Shedidn'tfeelverysatisfiedwithhershowinDisney.C．Shefoundhern

otaccomplishedinherperformanceinDisney.D．ShebelievedherbeingpartinDisneyChannelablessing.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“BeingpartoftheDisneyChannel

wassuchablessing,andI'msuperhappywithwhatmyshowaccomplished,butactingissomethingIwouldliketotakeonmoreseriously.”可知。4．Theunderlinedwordinthelast

paragraphprobablymeans“________”．A．movedB．pickedC．changedD．informed答案：A词义猜测题。根据fromGrandPrairie,Texas,toLA,wheretheyaresett

lingnow.可知，是从德克萨斯州到洛杉矶，并定居洛杉矶，可推断出uprootedvi.迁离。