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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（12）AFriendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromoneco

untrytoanother,peoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsycho

logicaldisorders.Ithasbeenshownthatteenagers,perhapsmorethananyotheragegroup,needcompanionshipandasenseofbelongin

g.Thenegativeconsequencesoflonelinesshavealsobeenobservedamongtheelderly.Thedeathofaspouseoftenleavesawidoworawidowertotallybereft.If,however

,theyaresurroundedbyfriendsandrelativesandiftheyareabletoexpresstheirfeelings,theyaremorelikelytorecoverfromtheirgrief.“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwor

ds,weareallpartsofsociety.Weallneedthelove,admiration,respectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunate,ourfriendswill

provideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.Asmostpeopleobserve,therearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesde

pendingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Outgoingpersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanype

oplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithalltheirf

riends.Thedegreeofclosenessisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyvery

rare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Regardlessofthelevelofcloseness,allfriendshipsarebasedonre

ciprocity(互惠),honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.1.Whoaremorelikelytosufferfrompsychologicaldisorderswithoutfriends?A.Teenagers.B.Adults.C

.Theelderly.D.Acouple.2.Whatdoesthesentence“Nomanisanisland”reallymean?A.Nomaniswillingtoliveonanisland.B.Manusuallydoesn’tgotoanislandC

.Everyoneisrelatedwithoursociety.D.Oursocietyisjustlikeanisland.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutoutgoingpeople?A.Theylikebeingalone.B.Theyarefondofmaking

friends.C.Theyhaveintensefriendships.D.Theyhavefewerclosefriendsindeed4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout

?A.Theformationofclosefriends.B.Thenumberofrealfriends.C.Honesty,loveandaffection.D.Factorstodeterminethedegree

ofcloseness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句

“Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoingp

ersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。4.

D【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。B(2015·黑龙江哈尔滨高三统考)Hungeristhegreatestmotivefortheine

xperiencedcook.Butmanypeoplearenowworriedthatweareproducingagenerationwithouttheslightestideaofhowtocook—agenerationthatisfrightened

tocook.IhavejustreceivedahandoutfromFocusonFood，whichisrunningacompetitiontogetchildrenbackintothekitchen.Hastelev

isioncookingbecomeareplacementfortherealthing？Isthisanagewherefamousprofessionalcookshaveturnedcookingintoasortofshow，withdishesfarto

odifficultforthebeginnertocopy?Idecidedtoaskmyoldestdaughter，Miranda，forheropinion.Arechildrenlearnin

genoughabouttheimportanceofgoodcooking？Dotheyknowcookingisabasiclifeskill？Sociologyandother“new”subjectsareallverywell，butwithouttheabilitytoco

ok，ortounderstandthepleasureandprinciplesofgoodfoodanditsrelationshiptogoodhealth，arewereallypreparingthemfora

dultlife?Mirandastartedhercookingattheageofnine，whenshedecidedtoentertheSainsbury’sFutureCookcompetition

.Shewasmotivatedbyadifferentkindofgreed：thefirstprize—atriptoDisneyWorld.Theproblem，fromtheparentalpointo

fview，wasthatifshemadeitthroughtotheregional(区域性的)finals，shewouldhavetocookhermealinfrontofthejudges.Some30,000childrenentereda

ndshemadeitthroughastheyoungestregionalfinalist.Nowshehadtolearntocook.Herhandswerenotevenbigenoughtoholdtheknifeandslicetheonions.SixSatu

rdaysrunningweatethesamelunch—Mozzarellameatballsinfreshtomatojuiceandblueberry.First，shecookedbymyside，thenalonewithtimingsandinstructions.Finally

，shewentaloneagainsttheclock.Thekitchenlookedlikeabattlefield，butshehadgainedvictory.Thetinybe­cappedfigurethenstoodinanunknownB

ristolhotel，lookinglikeaprofessionalwhohadbeenatthestoveforyears.Shedidn’twin，butshecamehomewith￡50andthemost

valuablepartofthemall：confidence.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的女儿参加了一个以让孩子回归厨房为目的的烹饪比赛，为此孩子努力学习烹饪，虽然最后没有赢得比赛，但

却赢得了信心。1．ThecompetitionrunbyFocusonFoodisintendedfor________.A．childrenB．parentsC．teachersD．chefs解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第一

段第三句“...FocusonFood，whichisrunningacompetitiontogetchildrenbackintothekitchen.”可知，这个比赛是为孩子们举办的。故选A。2．Whydoesthewriterthinkcoo

kingissoimportant?A．Itisaneasywaytokeephealthy.B．Ithelpsdeveloprelationships.C．Itisanecessaryskillforlife.D．Itcan

savealotofmoney.解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Doyouknowcookingisabasiclifeskill？”可知，作者认为烹饪是一种基本的生活技能，是必需的。故选C。3．Thewriter’sfamilyhadthesamelu

nchonsixSaturdaysbecause________.A．thefamilystucktohealthyfoodB．MirandahadtopractisecookingC．thedishwasthefamily’sonlyfoodD．thedishwasMiranda’s

favoritemeal解析：选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nowshehadtolearntocook...SixSaturdaysrunningweatethesamelunch”可知，作者的女儿作为地区年龄最小的选手进

入了决赛，女儿要为比赛做准备，所以她要练习烹饪，做饭给家人吃。故选B。4．WhatdidMirandagainfromthecompetition?A．AtriptoDisneyWorld.B．Supportfromfriends.C．Amedalforthewinner.D．Belie

finherself.解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“butshecamehomewith￡50andthemostvaluablepartofthemall：confidence”可知，Miranda在比赛中收获了信心。故选D。CTheTajMahan(泰姬陵)

isalovestory，asadandbeautifulone.Ifitdidn’texist，wewouldeasilyimaginethatthestoryofitsconstructionwassimplyafairytale.Three

hundredyearsago，therelivedanIndianemperorcalledShahJahan.Hiswifewasabeautifulandbrightwomanwhomhelovedgreatly.HertitlewasMumtazlMahan：itsshortenedfo

rmTajMahan，means“prideofthepalace”.Intheyear1630thisbelovedwifeoftheemperordied.Hewassobroken­heartedthathethoughtofgivingup

histhrone.Hedecidedoutofhisloveforhiswife，tobuildherthemostbeautifultombthathadeverbeenseen.Hesummonedthebestartis

tsandarchitectsfromIndia，Turkey，PersiaandArabiaandfinally，thedesignwascomplete.Ittookmorethantwentythousandmenworkingoveraperiodof1

8yearstobuildtheTajMahan，oneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsintheworld.Thebuildingitselfstandsonamarble.Platform29meters

squareand6­7metershigh.Towersrisefromeachofthefourcorners.TheTajitselfsoarsanother61metersintotheair.I

tisaneight­sidedbuildingmadeofwhitemarble.Theemperorplannedtobuildanidenticaltombofblackmarbleforhim

selfontheothersideoftheriverconnectedbyasilverbridge.Howeverhissonputhimintoaprisoninthepalacebeforehecouldfinish，andfortherestofhislife

，hecouldonlygazeacrossriveratthetombofhisbelovedwife.1.Thewholepassagetellsusabout________.A.abeautifulfairytaleB.thestoryoftheTajMa

hanC.whiteandblackmarbletombsmadefortwoemperorsD.thelovestoryofemperorShahJahanandhiswife2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtruea

bouttheTajMahan?A.Itwascompletedquicklyowingtotheeffortsofthebestartistsandworkers.B.Alotofpeopletookpartinthebuildingwork.C.Itisamagnific

entbuilding.D.Itisatombfortheemperor’sbelovedwife.3.Theemperor’sowntombwasdesignedtobe________.A.61metershighB.eight­sidedC.black­co

loredD.white­colored4.Theemperor________.A.diedsoonafterTajMahandiedB.waskilledbyhissonC.wasbelovedbyhispeopleD.diedafte

r16481.AfterschoolIcouldn’thelpsharingwhathadhappenedinthemorningwithourheadmaster.(完形填空倒数第二段第一句)放学后，我禁不住地与校长分享今天上午的事。(1)Shecouldn’thelpsmiling.她

禁不住地笑了起来。(2)Shecouldn’thelpenvyingHelen.她不由地妒忌海伦。(3)Heknowsnothingaboutit，sohecan’thelptodoanyofyourwork.他什么也不知道，所以不能帮你的工作。2.Thenextmor

ning，however，IfoundoutthatalmosteveryonehadforgottenthismatterexceptWillardFranklin.(完形填空第三段第一句)第二天早

晨，我却发现除了WillardFranklin，其他人都忘记了这件事。(1)TherestaurantisopeneverydayexceptMonday.这家饭店除星期一外，每天都营业。(2)Icananswerallthequestionsexceptforthelast.

除了最后一个，我可以回答所有的问题。(3)Therewillbefiveofusfordinner，besidesJohn.除约翰外还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。(4)Everyonewastherebuthim.除了他之外，所有的人都在。3.

Ifitdidn’texist，wewouldeasilyimaginethatthestoryofitsconstructionwassimplyafairytale.(阅读理解第一段第二句)如果(泰姬陵)不存在，我们就会把它的修建故事轻易地想象成一个简单的神话故事。(1)Imag

inethatyouareinLondon.想象一下你正在伦敦吧。(2)Ican’timaginethatanyonecareswhatIdo.我想不出谁会关心我的所作所为。(3)Iimaginehe’l

lbethere.我猜他会到那儿去。【参考答案】1.B2.A3.C4.DD(2015·甘肃兰州质检)Personalmoney­managementwebsiteMint.comsuggestsrecentlythatresponsibleparentsshoul

dgivetheirkidscreditcards—possiblystartingasyoungasmiddleschool.Thewebsitesaysacreditcardwillhelpchildrenmasterres

ponsiblespendinghabitsandgiveparentsthechancetoteachthemsomevaluablelessons.It’sabsolutelytruethatkidsshouldlearnabouthowacreditcar

dworksandhowtouseitresponsibly.Buttheideathattheyneedacardoftheirowntopractiseisquestionable.Yes，creditcardsareateachingto

ol，butit’sthetimeyouspendeducatingthemaboutmoneymanagementthatdoestheteaching，notthepieceofplastic.Sitdownwithyo

urchild—herewearereferringtoteensandwalkthemthroughyourcreditcardstatements.Pointoutimportantthingsliketheduedate，latefeewarning，

andAPR(年贷款利率)．Ifyouhavegoodcredit，addingachildasanauthorizeduserontooneofyourcreditcardsalsoprovidesteach

ablemoments.Allowkidstousethecardtomakespecificpurchasesandrequiretheirparticipationinpayment.Sincethecardisstillinyourname，youcantakethemoffitatany

pointandcutofftheiraccessifthey’renotabletohandletheresponsibility.Anotheroptionistosetthemupwithanaccountatalocalbankthatoffersfreeuseofade

bitcard(借记卡)．Unlikecreditcard，thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透支)function.Childrencanonlyusethecardtopayforthingsandthemoneyistakendi

rectlyfromtheirbankaccount.Iftheaccountisempty，theworstthatwillhappenisthecardbeingdeclinedatacashregister.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。一家网站认为给孩

子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯，增强他们的责任感。但是作者认为，父母教育孩子管理钱财的最好办法是把孩子添加为自己的信用卡授权用户或为孩子建立借记卡账户。1．WhydoesMint.comadviseparentstogiv

emiddleschoolkidscreditcards?A．Toleavetheirkidsfinanciallyindependent.B．Tohelptheirkidsformgoodspendinghabits.C．Toteachth

eirkidshowtosavepocketmoney.D．Tostrengthentherelationshipwiththeirkids.解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thewebsitesaysacreditcardwillhelpchildrenmasterres

ponsiblespendinghabitsand...”可知，该网站认为，父母给孩子办理信用卡有助于孩子养成良好的消费习惯。故选B项。2．Theauthorconsidersacreditcardasateachingtoolbecause___

_____.A．itmotivatesteenstoasktheirparentsforlessfinancialsupportB．ithelpsteenagerstoknowsomebasicknowledgeofcreditcardsC．itcontainsdetailedfi

nancialinformationonthecardsurfaceD．itoffersparentsthechancetoteachkidstomanagemoney解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Yes，creditcardsareatea

chingtool，butit’sthetimeyouspendeducatingthemaboutmoneymanagementthatdoestheteaching，notthepieceofplastic.”可知，作者认为信用卡是一种教育工具，是因为孩子使用信用卡给了父母

一个教孩子如何管理钱财的机会。故选D项。3．Whatisthepurposeofaddingkidsascreditcardauthorizedusers?A．Toavoidextremelyhighoverdraftfees

.B．Toencouragethemtosharehouseholdexpenses.C．Toteachthemtoberesponsiblecreditcardusers.D．Tohelpthempaycloseattentiontotheirbankaccount.解析：选C。

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...addingachildasanauthorizeduser...Allowkidstousethecardtomakespecificpurchasesandrequiretheirparticipationinpayment.”和倒数第二段中的“

ifthey’renotabletohandletheresponsibility”可知，把孩子添加为信用卡授权用户，可以使孩子为自己的消费买单，这有助于孩子成为有责任心的信用卡用户。故选C项。4．Whatismos

tlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Furtherinformationaboutthedebitcard.B．Theoverdraftfu

nctionsofadebitcard.C．Moredisadvantagesofcreditcards.D．Thekids’attitudetowardsacreditcard.解析：选A。预测推断题。文章的最后一段提到了另一种选择是为

孩子们建立借记卡账户，并简单介绍了其与信用卡的不同，由此可推知，文章接下来最有可能会介绍借记卡的更多信息。故选A项。ESelenaGomezandIarescheduledtomeetatalow­keycoffeeshopinEncino.Notwanting

tokeepthesuperstarwaiting,Iarrivedatnine,20minutesearly.AsIwascatchingupone­mails,Selenaquietlyscootedin

totheseatnexttome.Nobodyguard.Notevenadropofmakeup.Shewastenminutesearlyandsoinconspicuousthatnooneelseintherestaurantlookedupsomuch.Se

lenawaswearingBebeshorts.Shehadababyfaceandorderedahotchocolate.Aftermakingsmalltalkaboutwhatsheworefortheshoot,shedivedintothesubjectofh

ercareer.Selenadeclared2012theyearofmovies.Shefilmedthree:SpringBreakers,adrama;TheGetaway,anactionflick;andHot

elTransylvania,acomedy.Eachisamarkedmoveawayfromtheteenstylethatmadeherahouseholdname.NowthatherDisneydaysarebehin

dher,Selenaisatthatunstablepointinachildstar'scareerwheresheistryingtogrowup—bothasaperson(sheturned20inJuly)andasanartist.“Beingpartof

theDisneyChannelwassuchablessing,andI'msuperhappywithwhatmyshowaccomplished,butactingissomethingIwouldliketotakeonmoreseriously.”Shecontinued

,“Idon'tnecessarilyfeelaccomplished.Iwanttocreatawholedifferentpersonawhenitcomestoacting.”Selenahasbeenworkingfulltimesinceshewassevenyearsold

andscoredaroleonBarney&Friends.In2007,whenshewasofferedtheleadinWizardsofWaverlyPlace,Selena,hermother,andherstepfatheruprootedfromGrandPr

airie,Texas,toLA,wheretheyaresettlingnow.文章大意：文章介绍了美国名星赛琳娜·戈麦斯的作品和成长经历。1．WhenwasitthatSelenaarrivedatthelow­keycoffeeshop?A．Atten.B．Attentonine.C

．Attenpastnine.D．Atthirtypastnine.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段的Notwantingtokeepthesuperstarwaiting,Iarrivedatnine,20minutesearly.As

Iwascatchingupone­mails,Selenaquietlyscootedintotheseatnexttome.Shewastenminutesearly可知，两人约的是9：20，赛琳娜早到10分钟，故选C。2．Whichofthefollowi

ngstatementsistureaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A．Selenawentintoherfilmcareerassoonaswemetinthecoffeeshop.B．Threefamousfilmsfilmedin2012haveshow

nherteenstyle.C．ThefilmHotelTransylvaniaisanactionflickfilmedin2012.D．EachofthethreefilmsmarksSelena'smoveawayfromherteenstyle.答案：D细节理

解题。根据第二段最后一句Eachisamarkedmoveawayfromtheteenstylethatmadeherahouseholdname.可知。3．HowdidSelenathinkofDisneydayswhichwerebehindher?A．Shethoughtofplayi

nginDisneyablessing.B．Shedidn'tfeelverysatisfiedwithhershowinDisney.C．ShefoundhernotaccomplishedinherperformanceinDisney.D．Shebelie

vedherbeingpartinDisneyChannelablessing.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“BeingpartoftheDisneyChannelwassuchablessing,andI'msuperhappywithwhatmys

howaccomplished,butactingissomethingIwouldliketotakeonmoreseriously.”可知。4．Theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A

．movedB．pickedC．changedD．informed答案：A词义猜测题。根据fromGrandPrairie,Texas,toLA,wheretheyaresettlingnow.可知，是从德克萨斯州到洛杉矶，并定居洛杉矶，可推断出uprootedvi.迁离。