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1高考英语重点词汇befuddle[bɪˈfʌdl]【中英文释义】toconfusesomeone使迷惑；使昏迷【记忆方法】①befuddle=be（去）+fuddle（狂饮、喝醉、灌醉）→使喝醉→使迷惑②fuddle→谐音“放倒”→灌醉【衍

生词】befuddled（迷惑的、迷糊的、昏沉的）；befuddlement（迷惑）【synonym】baffle、bewilder、muddle、puzzle【例句】Federerhasawiderepertoireofclevershotstha

tbefuddleeventhebestofhisopponents.费德勒击球技巧高超多样，即使最强的对手也会被他迷惑。ineffable[ɪnˈefəbl]【中英文释义】causingsomuchemotion,especiallypleasure,thatitcan

notbedescribed（尤指喜悦）言语难以表达的，不可言喻的【记忆方法】in-,不，非，ef-,向外，-fab,说出，词源同fable,phone.即不好说的，引申词义难以言喻的【关联词】effable可表达的，能被说出来的【synonym】indescribable【phrase】

ineffablejoy/beauty难以言表的喜悦/美丽unravel[ʌnˈrævl]【中英文释义】①becomeorcausetobecomeundonebyseparatingthefibersorthreadsof（把布、结或线团

）解开；拆散②Ifyouunravelamysterious,unknown,orcomplicatedsubject,youmakeitknownorunderstood,andifitunravels,i

tbecomesknownorunderstood.弄清，阐明（谜团或复杂问题）；被澄清；被解决【记忆方法】un-,使相反，ravel,纠缠【synonym】clearup、resolve【例句】Iunravelledthestringandwounditintoaball.我把绳子解开并绕

成一个球。ThediscoverywillhelpscientistsunravelthemysteryoftheIceAge.这一发现将有助于科学家揭开冰川时代的奥秘。haphazard[hæpˈhæ

zəd]【中英文释义】nothavinganobviousorderorplan随意的;无计划的【记忆方法】hap,发生，运气，机会，hazard,风险，危害。即运气不好的，处于危险的，引申词义杂乱的，随意的【synonym】

aimless、casual、random【例句】Thebookshadbeenpiledontheshelvesinahaphazardfashion.书架上的书堆放得杂乱无序。vexing[veksɪŋ]【中英文释

义】annoying,worrying,orcausingproblems引起烦恼的；令人恼火的【synonym】annoying、troublesome【例句】Theshortageofqualifiedteachersremainsavexingpr

oblem.有资质的老师数量短缺仍然是一个非常伤脑筋的问题。2discernible[dɪˈsɜːnəbl]【中英文释义】abletobeseenorunderstood能看出的；可辨别出的；能明白的【关联词】discernv.看出；辨别出d

iscernmentn.识别；洞察力discerningadj.有辨识能力的；眼光敏锐的【synonym】recognizable、apparent、perceivable、detectable、disti

nguishable【例句】Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisreadilydiscernible.两者之间的差别不难看出。hype[haɪp]【中英文释义】n.asituationinwhichsomethingisa

dvertisedanddiscussedinnewspapers,ontelevision,etc.alotinordertoattracteveryone'sinterest（新闻媒体的）大肆宣传，炒作v.大肆宣传，炒作【记忆方法】hype→→谐音“嗨吧”→大肆宣传

，炒作【例句】There'sbeenalotofhypearound/surroundinghislatestfilm.围绕他的最新影片进行了大规模的宣传。【词组】hypesbup使（某人）兴奋，使（某人）激动hypeupsth炒作某事mediah

ype媒体炒作malicious[məˈlɪʃ.əs]【中英文释义】intendedtoharmorupsetotherpeople恶意的，恶毒的【记忆方法】malice（恶意）+ious（表示形容词）→有恶意的→恶毒的【关联词】malicen.恶意，怨恨；maliciously有敌意地

，恶意地；同根词：malignadj.恶意的，邪恶的;v.诽谤，污蔑，中伤malignant恶性的；有害的【synonym】malevolent、spiteful、malignant、vicious、poisonous

【词组】maliciousgossip用意歹毒的流言蜚语maliciouswounding恶意伤人condemn[kənˈdem]【中英文释义】tocriticizesomethingorsomeonestrongly,usuallyformoralreasons谴责，指责【

记忆方法】con（共同，一起）+demn（=damn，咒骂）→一起骂→谴责，指责【synonym】criticize、castigate、censure、decry、denounce【例句】Theterroristac

tionhasbeencondemnedasanactofbarbarismandcowardice.人们谴责这一恐怖行径是野蛮和懦弱的行为。【词组】condemnsbto(do)sth判决，宣判（某人某种刑罚）Shewascondemnedtodeathandexecutedtwoweeksl

ater.她被宣判死刑，两星期后被处决。condemnsbtosth使…遭受；使…处于（不幸的境地）Pooreducationcondemnsmanyyoungpeopletolow-paidjobs.缺乏教育致使年轻人只能感低收入的工作。condemnsbf

orsth因某事而谴责某人condemnseverely严厉地谴责3caption[ˈkæpʃn]【中英文释义】n.ashortpieceoftextunderapictureinabook,magazine,ornewspaperthatdescribe

sthepictureorexplainswhatthepeopleinitaredoingorsaying（图书、杂志或报纸的）说明文字；（电影或电视的）字幕；（法律文件的）开端部分v.toprovideashortpiece

oftextunderapictureinabook,magazine,ornewspaperthatdescribesthepictureorexplainswhatthepeopleinitaredoingorsaying给……加文字说明【记忆方法】cap（

抓，capture）抓+ion（tion-名词后缀）→抓住主要内容→（图书、杂志或报纸的）说明文字；（电影或电视的）字幕【例句】Eachlevelshouldhaveexactlyonecaptionat

tribute.每个级别都应该有一个标题属性。prank[præŋk]【中英文释义】n.atrickthatisintendedtobefunnybutnottocauseharmordamage胡闹

，玩笑，恶作剧v.toplayatrickonsomeonethatisintendedtobefunnybutnottocauseharmordamage对。。。胡闹，对。。。恶作剧【synonym】trick【例

句】WhenIwasatschoolwewerealwaysplayingpranksonourteachers.我读书时我们总是搞恶作剧捉弄老师。Hefinallyrealizedhe'dbeenpranked.他终于明白自己被人恶作剧了。consecutive[kənˈsekjətɪv]【中

英文释义】inregularsuccessionwithoutgaps;successive(withoutabreak)连续的，连贯的，不间断的【记忆方法】con（加强）+secut（跟随）+ive（…的）→一个跟一个→连贯的

【衍生词】consecutionn.连续；条理；词序和语法变化等一致；consecutively连续地【synonym】ensuing、successive、following、continuous【例句】Thisisthefifthconse

cutiveweekendthatI'vespentworking.这是我连续第五个周末加班。Thenumberofmarriageregistrationshasbeendecliningforeightconsecutiveyears.我国结婚登记人数连续

八年呈现下降趋势。注意：连续xx（次数），英文数字在前【补充知识】词根sec,secut,sequ,su=tofollow跟随consulate[ˈkɒnsjələt]【中英文释义】diplomaticbuildingthatservesasthere

sidenceorworkplaceofaconsul领事馆【记忆方法】con（共同）+sulate（salute，敬礼）→共同一起敬礼→领事馆【用法】ConsulateGeneral总领事馆theCuba

nconsulateinMexicoCity驻墨西哥城的古巴领事馆theChineseConsulateGeneralinChicago中国驻芝加哥总领事馆4preside[prɪˈzaɪd]【中英文释义】tobeinchargeofaf

ormalmeeting,ceremony,ortrial主持（会议或仪式）【记忆方法】pre（在。。。前面）+sid（=sit，坐）+e→坐在前面的人→主持（会议）【synonym】chair、administer、officiate【搭配用法】pre

sideoversth掌管，主持【例句】Thisgovernmenthaspresidedoversomeofthemostsignificantchangesineducationthiscentury.本届政府领导了本世纪教育方面的一些最重大的变革。muta

te[mjuːˈteɪt]【中英文释义】todevelopnewphysicalcharacteristicsbecauseofapermanentchangeinthegenes.（遗传物质等）变异，突变tochangefromonethingortypeofthingintoanot

her转变【记忆方法】mut（=tochange改变）+ate（使。。。）→变异；转变【synonym】alter、modify、vary、change【例句】Thesebacteriahavemutatedin

toformsthatareresistanttocertaindrugs.这些细菌已发生变异，对某些药物产生了抗药性。Jonhasmutatedfromanawkwardteenagerintoasophisticatedyoungma

n.约翰从一个稚嫩的少年变成了一个久经世故的男人。protagonist[prəˈtægənɪst]【中英文释义】animportantsupporterofanideaorpoliticalsystem（某一想法或政治制度的）主要支持者，拥护者oneofthemaincharac

tersinastoryoraplay（故事或戏剧中的）主要人物，主角【antonym】antagonist对抗者，对立者【例句】Keyprotagonistsoftherevolutionwerehunteddownandex

ecuted.这次革命的主要发起者被捕并被处决。escort[ɪˈskɔːt]【中英文释义】V.togowithapersonorvehicle,especiallytomakecertainthathe,she,oritleavesorarrivessafely;togowithsom

eoneandshowthemaplace护卫，护送；陪送，陪同N.apersonwhogoeswithanotherpersonasapartnertoasocialevent（通常指异性的）社交聚会陪伴者apersonorvehiclethatgoessomewherewithsomeonet

oprotectorguardthem护卫者；护送者【记忆方法】esc(形似escape,逃跑)+or(人)+t(拼音te,特)→爱逃跑的人特想要护卫→护送；陪同【synonym】convoy、accompany【例句】Securityguardsescortedtheintrudersfromt

hebuilding.保安把闯入者押送出了大楼。Thepoliceescortedhertotheairport,andmadesurethatsheleftthecountry.警察将她押送到机场，确保其离境。5Peopleonthetourwillbeescortedbyanexperto

narchaeology.游客们将由一位考古学专家陪同前行。Themembersofthejuryleftthecourtwithapoliceescort.陪审团成员在警察的护送下离开了法庭。imply[ɪmˈplaɪ]【中英

文释义】tocommunicateanideaorfeelingwithoutsayingitdirectly暗示，暗指toinvolvesomethingormakeitnecessary必然包含；使成为必需

【记忆方法】im-入,向内+-ply-折叠→折入其中,隐含于其中→暗示，暗指【synonym】hint、suggestinvolve\entail【固定表达】assthimplies正如。。。所暗示的；asthenameimplies顾名思

义【例句】Idon'twishtoimplythatyouarewrong.我无意暗示你错了。Ithinkfreedomdoesimplyresponsibility.我认为自由一定包含着责任。cumbersome[ˈkʌmbəsəm]【中英文释义】awkwardbecauseofbei

nglarge,heavy,ornoteffective笨重的；累赘的【记忆方法】谐音：来(cum→come)帮我搬(ber)一些(some)，这些东西太笨重(cumbersome)了【synonym】bulky、clumsy、burden

some【例句】Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.这个过程繁琐、昂贵而且不可靠。dread[dred]【中英文释义】V.tofeelextremelyworriedorfrightenedaboutsomethi

ngthatisgoingtohappenorthatmighthappen对…感到恐惧；害怕；担心N.astrongfeelingoffearorworry恐惧，害怕；忧虑【相关词】dreaded令人害怕的

，令人恐惧的【synonym】worry、afraid、fear【phrase】dreadtothink不敢想，不愿想【例句】He'sdreadingtheexam-he'ssurehe'sgoingtofail.他很担心考试——他觉得自己肯定过不了。Theprospecto

fworkingfull-timefillsmewithdread.可能要全职工作，这让我很担忧。rampant[ˈræmpənt]【中英文释义】（ofsomethingbad）gettingworsequicklyandinanuncontrolledw

ay（不好的事情）猖獗的，泛滥的【相关词】rampancyn.猖獗；蔓生；繁茂【例句】Rampantinflationmeansthatourwageincreasessoonbecomeworthnothin

g.通货膨胀大肆泛滥，这意味着我们增长的工资很快就一钱不值了。Diseaseisrampantintheovercrowdedcity.疾病在过分拥挤的城市中肆虐。6exclude[ɪkˈskluːd]【中英文释义】topreventsomeoneorsomethingfr

omenteringaplaceortakingpartinanactivity阻止...进入；把...排斥在外【记忆方法】ex-向外+-clud-关,闭+-e动词词尾→把…关闭在外【例句】Womenarestillexcludedfromtheclub.这家俱乐部仍然把女性拒之门外。【反义词（

antonym）】include，v.包含；【衍生词】exclusiveadj.独有的；高档的；排外的；排斥的；（新闻或报道）独家的exclusivelyadv.仅仅，单独地，专门地demean[dɪ

ˈmi:n]【中英文释义】tocausesomeonetobecomelessrespected羞辱，贬低【记忆方法】de-，乡下。mean，下贱的→demean贬低【例句】Don'tdemeanyou

rselfbytellingsuchobviouslies.你不要用这种明显的谎言自贬人格。【同义词（Synonym）】debase、belittle、degradevilify[ˈvɪlɪfaɪ]【中英文释义】tosayorwriteunpleasantthingsabout

someoneorsomething,inordertocauseotherpeopletohaveabadopinionofthem诋毁，诬蔑；丑化；贬低【记忆方法】vile,邪恶的，-fy,使。即中伤，使邪恶【例句】Hewasvilifiedbythepres

sasamonster.他被新闻界丑化成一个变态的怪物。【同义词（Synonym）】decry、defame、slanderantidote[ˈæntidəʊt]【中英文释义】①achemical,especiallyadrug,thatlimitst

heeffectsofapoison解药；②awayofpreventingoractingagainstsomethingbad缓解办法；对抗手段【记忆方法】anti（相反）+dote（药剂）→作用相反的药剂→解药【例句】Salesofnervegas

antidotesincreaseddramaticallybeforethewar.在战争爆发前，神经毒气解毒剂销量激增。Regularexerciseisthebestantidotetotirednessanddepression.经常锻炼是消除疲劳和抑郁的最好方法。parameter[pə

ˈræmɪtə(r)]【中英文释义】asetoffactsorafixedlimitthatestablishesorlimitshowsomethingcanormusthappenorbedone界限，范围；参数，变量【记忆方法】para-侧面+-mete

r-测量,仪表→随被测量的数而变化的数→参数，范围；规范【例句】Theresearchersmustkeepwithintheparametersoftheexperiment.研究员必须在试验既定的范围内进行研究。【同义

词（Synonym）】criterion、specificationforgo[fɔːˈɡəʊ]【中英文释义】tonothaveordosomethingenjoyable放弃，摒绝（令人愉悦之物），对.

..断念【记忆方法】for-,完全的。go,走，离开。引申词义放弃，弃绝【例句】I'llhavetoforgomyvacationinordertoattendasummerChinesecourse.为了参加暑期中文班我只好放弃暑假

。7ShedecidedtoforgothepartyandpreparefortheEnglishexam.她决定不参加聚会，准备英语考试。undergo[ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ]【中英文释义】toexperiencesomethingthatisunpleasantorsomethingthati

nvolvesachange经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化）【记忆方法】under-在下,不足+go走→在(重压等)之下走过【例句】Sheunderwentanoperationonatumourinherleftlunglastyear.她在去年做了一

次左肺肿瘤切除手术。Allthefreshmenwillundergoamedicalexamination.所有新生都将进行体检。momentum[məˈmentəm]【中英文释义】theforcethatkeepsanobjectmovingorkeepsaneventdevelopingaf

terithasstarted势头；冲力；动量【记忆方法】moment(瞬间)+um(物理性质后缀)→冲力在瞬间迸发→冲力【例句】Thetruckgainedmomentumasitrolleddownthesteeproad.卡车沿着陡峭的道路往下开时

,冲力愈来愈大。Thespacecraftwillflyaroundtheearthtogain/gathermomentumforitstriptoJupiter.航天器将绕着地球飞行以获取飞向木星所需的动力。overshadow[ˌəʊvəˈ

ʃædəʊ]v.①tocausesomeoneorsomethingtoseemlessimportantorlesshappy使黯然失色；使相形见绌Karenhasalwaysfeltovershadowedbyherfamouseldersister.凯伦总觉得自己与出

名的姐姐相比光彩全无。②(ofabuilding)tobemuchtallerthananotherbuildingandthereforeblockthesunfromit（建筑物）遮蔽，遮暗GrandCentralStationinNewYorki

sovershadowedbythePanAmbuilding.纽约中央火车站被泛美大厦遮住了阳光。scourge[skɜ:dʒ]n.&v.①n.somethingorsomeonethatcausesgreatsufferingoralotoftr

ouble灾难，祸害；苦难的根源thescourgeofwar/poverty/drugs战争／贫困／毒品的祸害②v.tocausegreatsufferingoralotoftrouble祸害；使苦恼，使痛苦Thecountryhasbeenscou

rgedbyfamineinrecentyears.近年来这个国家遭受大饥荒的苦难。concur[kənˈkɜː(r)]v.①v.toagreeorhavethesameopinion同意，赞成Thenewreportconcurswithpreviousfindings.新报告与先前的调查结

果一致。Theboardconcurredthattheeditorshouldhavefullcontrolovereditorialmatters.董事会赞同主编应该对编辑事务全权负责。②Iftwoormoreeventsconcur,theyhapp

enatthesametime同时发生Everythingconcurredtoproduceasuccessfulresult.所有的事都同时发生而产生了圆满的结果。8colossal[kəˈlɒsl]adj.【中英文释义】extremelylarge巨大的；庞大的Theywereask

ingacolossalamountofmoneyforthehouse.他们对这房子漫天要价。auspicious[ɔːˈspɪʃəs]adj.【中英文释义】suggestingapositiveand

successfulfuture吉利的，吉祥的【记忆方法】au(同根av，鸟)+-spic（看，同spectator,观众）+-i-+-ous形容词词尾→吉兆的→吉祥的【例句】Theywontheirfirstmatchoftheseason5–1whichwasana

uspiciousstart/beginning.他们在赛季的头场比赛就获得5比1的大胜，迎来一个开门红。suspicious[səˈspɪʃəs]adj.【中英文释义】makingyoufeelthatsomethingillegalishappeningorthatsomet

hingiswrong怀疑的【例句】Thefireatthebankisbeingtreatedassuspicious.银行起火被认为非常可疑。【记忆方法】sus-由下向上+-spic-(s略)看+-i-+

-ous形容词词尾→上下来回地看→怀疑的【相关词】suspectv.猜想，认为（某事有可能）；怀疑……有罪suspicionn.（对某人有罪、不诚实等的）怀疑；不信任suspiciousof对...起疑Blockbuster[ˈblɒkbʌstə(

r)]【中英文释义】abookorfilmthatisverysuccessful（尤指因内容精彩而）非常成功的书（或影片）【常见表达】ablockbustermovie/novel电影大片/风靡一时的小说Moustache[məˈstɑːʃ]【中英文释义】hairthatamangrowsabo

vehisupperlip上唇的胡子;髭;触须【注意】(USusuallymustache)UK:moustache【常见表达】handlebarmustache八字胡（美）【近义词】tash【补充】喝完牛奶，嘴边一圈牛奶，广告里总是用这种方式来体现牛奶很浓

，蛋白质含量高，因此称milkmustacheRelegate[ˈrelɪgeɪt]【中英文释义】toputsomeoneorsomethingintoalowerorlessimportantrankorposition贬职；使降级【固定短语】rel

egateto委托给；托付给【例句】Sheresignedwhenshewasrelegatedtoadeskjob.因被降职做文书，她就辞了职。Thestorywasrelegatedtothemiddlepagesofthepaper.这篇报道从重要版面撤下，刊登在中间的版面上。Chica

nery[ʃɪˈkeɪnəri]【中英文释义】clever,dishonesttalkorbehaviourthatisusedtodeceivepeople诡9计；欺诈【例句】Theinvestigationrevealedpolit

icalchicaneryandcorruptionatthehighestlevels.调查揭露出了最高层的政治欺诈和腐败。focalpoint[ˈfəʊkl]【中英文释义】thethingthateveryonelooksatorisinterestedin（目光或兴趣的）

中心，焦点；thepointwherewavesoflightorsoundthataremovingtowardseachothermeet聚光点【例句】Thefireplaceisusuallythefocalpointofthelivingroom.在客

厅里，壁炉通常是视线的焦点。Downside[ˈdaʊnsaɪd]【中英文释义】adisadvantageofasituation不利的一面；不利因素；负面；消极面【例句】Thedownsideoflivinghere,ofcour

se,isthatitisexpensive.在这里生活的不利因素当然就是生活费用很高。【反义词】upsiden.优点，好处Succulent[ˈsʌkjələnt]【中英文释义】adj.containingalotofjuiceandtast

inggood多汁的n.aplantsuchasacactusinwhichtheleavesandstemarethickandcanstorealotofwater肉质动物【记忆方法】succ-（=juic

e汁液）+-ulent(多的,-ul-+-ent)=>多汁的【例句】Thesearewonderfullysucculentpeaches.这些桃子汁水很多。Succulentsoftenhavethickwaxycuticlestominimizewater

loss.肉质植物通常有很厚的蜡质角质层，以使水分流失降到最低。Cactus[ˈkæktəs]【中英文释义】anyofmanytypesofdesertplantusuallywithsharpspinesandthickstemsforstoringwater仙人

掌【复数】cactuses（US）或cacti（UK）Anecdote[ˈænɪkdəʊt]【中英文释义】ashort,oftenfunnystory,especiallyaboutsomethingsomeonehasdone（关于某人的）趣闻；轶事【记忆方法】①an-（"not"）+

ec-+dot-（"give"）+-e→thingsunpublished/secretorprivatestories→趣闻；轶事②谐音：“爱你可逗她”→（联想）我最爱讲这种小故事，因为可以逗我的她发笑→趣闻；轶事【例句】

Heintroducedhisspeechwithahumorousanecdote.他讲了一则幽默轶事作为讲演的引子。Hetoldoneortwoamusinganecdotesabouthisyearsasapoliceman.他讲了一两件他当警察时发生的趣事

。10vantagepoint【中英文释义】①aplace,especiallyahighplace,thatprovidesagood,clearviewofanarea（尤指较高的）有利地势②aparticularpersonalwayofthink

ingorsetofopinions观点，看法threshold[ˈθreʃhəʊld]n.①thefloorofanentrancetoabuildingorroom门槛，门口Hesteppedacrossthethre

shold.他迈过门槛。②thelevelorpointatwhichyoustarttoexperiencesomething,oratwhichsomethingstartstohappen界限；起点Hissecretaryearns£268amonth,w

ellbelowthethresholdforpayingtax.他的秘书每月挣268英镑，远远不够纳税的标准。【习语】onthethresholdofsth在…的开始，在…的起点starch[stɑːtʃ]n.&v.n.awhitesubs

tancethatexistsinlargeamountsinpotatoesandparticulargrainssuchasrice淀粉Cornstarchisusedasathickenerinstews.玉米淀粉在炖煮的菜

肴中用作增稠剂。v.tomakeclothesstiffbywashingthemwithstarch上浆（用淀粉浆硬衣服）Sheworeastarchedwhiteapronoverherblackdres

s.她在黑色连衣裙外套了件浆过的白色围裙。rancid[ˈrænsɪd]adj.(ofbutter,oil,etc.)tastingorsmellingunpleasantbecauseofnotbeingfresh（黄油、油等）不新鲜的，变味的，腐败变质的Butteris

perishableandcangorancid.黄油很容易变质，而且会发臭。mellow[ˈmeləʊ]adj.①(ofcolourorsound色彩或声音)soft,richandpleasant柔和丰富的Mellowmusicandlightinghelpedtocre

atetherightatmosphere.柔和的音乐和灯光衬托出了适宜的氛围。②(ofatasteorflavour味道或香味)smoothandpleasant醇香的；甘美的amellow,fruitywine醇正浓香的葡萄酒③relaxedandpleasantornotsever

e放松的；令人愉快的Aftertwoglassesofwine,Iwasfeelingmellow.两杯葡萄酒下肚，我就飘飘然了。④(ofpeople人)calm,gentleandreasonablebecau

seofageorexperience老练的；成熟的Dad'scertainlygrownmellowerwithage.随着年龄的增长，父亲当然是更老练了。hereditary[həˈredɪtri]adj.【中英文释义】(ofchara

cteristicsordiseases)passedfromthegenesofaparenttoachild,or(oftitlesandpositionsinsociety)passedfromparenttoachildasaright（特点或疾病）遗传的；（称号或爵位）世袭的De

pressionisoftenhereditary.抑郁症常常是遗传的。【记忆方法】-heredit-继承,遗传+-ary形容词词尾11dysfunction[dɪsˈfʌŋkʃn]n.【中英文释义】aproblemorfaultinapartof

thebodyoramachine功体失调；机能不良Thereappearstobeadysfunctioninthepatient'srespiratorysystem.患者的呼吸系统似乎出现功能失调。trachea[trəˈki:ə]n.【中英文释义】(anatomy解)thetubein

thethroatthatcarriesairtothelungs气管【Synonym】windpipecaveat[ˈkæviæt]n.【中英文释义】awarningtoconsidersomethingbeforetakinganymor

eaction,orastatementthatlimitsamoregeneralstatement（进一步行动前的）警告，告诫；限制条款Heagreedtotheinterview,withthecav

eatthathecouldapprovethefinalarticle.他答应接受访问，条件是访问稿刊登前须经他同意。【Synonym】proviso[prəˈvaɪzəʊ]限制条款sojourn[ˈsɒdʒən]n.【中英文释义】

ashortperiodwhenapersonstaysinaparticularplace逗留，停留【记忆方法】so（-sub，在下，持续）+journ（类似journey）→在旅行→逗留【例句】Mysojournintheyouthhostelwasthankfullyshort.幸好

我在青年招待所逗留的时间很短。Hemustsojourninvillagesandhamlets.他应该在乡村小住数日。retribution[ˌretrɪˈbju:ʃn]n.【中英文释义】deservedandseverepunishment应得的惩罚；报应【记忆方法】re-（向后，往回）

+-trib（给予，词源同tribute,contribution）→给回去→引申词义惩罚，报应【例句】Theyfledbecausetheyfearedretributionforthegenocide.他们逃跑是因为他们害怕会因犯下的种族灭绝罪行而遭到严惩。Peop

leareseekingretributionforthelatestterroristoutrages.人们在设法对恐怖分子最近的暴行进行严惩。【Synonym】punishment/comeuppancecomeuppance[kʌmˈʌpəns]n.【中英文释义】aperson'sbadlu

ckthatisconsideredtobeafairanddeservedpunishmentforsomethingbadthattheyhavedone应得的惩罚，报应【例句】She'llgethercomeuppance.她会得到报应的。【Synonym】punishment/re

tribution【搭配】getone'scomeuppance得到报应12breathable[ˈbri:ðəbl]adj.【中英文释义】Breathablefabricsforclothesallowairtopassthroughthem透气的（用作衣物的纤维）【例句】W

eproducebreathableclothingthatisdesignedforintenseactivity.我们制作的衣服是专门为高强度运动设计的。flare-up【中英文释义】asituationinwhichsomethingsuchasviole

nce,pain,orangersuddenlystartsorgetsmuchworse（暴力、疼痛或愤怒）爆发，突发，加剧【例句】Therewasanotherflare-upofriotinglatertha

tday.那天晚些时候再度爆发骚乱。There'sbeenaflare-upofviolenceinSouthAfrica.南非的暴力冲突曾一度升级。Chocolatebarsmighttriggeranacnef

lare-up,butifso,theculpritisprobablythesugar,milk,andgooeyfillings,notthecocoa.如果巧克力会引发粉刺的话，罪魁祸首可能是糖、牛奶或者其中的填充酱，而不是可可粉。