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1高考英语中华习俗考点素材一、餐桌礼仪TableManners(1)⑴TablemannersinChinaarequitedifferentfromthoseofwesteners.⑵InChina,it’sokaytotalkwhileeating.However,yo

umayregarditasrude.⑶Youwillconsideredawell-connected,sociableman,ifyoukeepinvolvedintheconversationallthetime.⑷D

on’teatfast!Peopleusuallykeeptheirdiningpaceaccordedwithothers.Andallthedishesshouldnotbeeatenupcompletely.⑸Itisacustom

andgoodmannerstoserveteatoaguestwhocomestopayavisit.Thereisnoneedtoaskifheneedsitornot.⑹Itwouldn’tbeconsideredrudebehaviorifhedoesn’te

ventakeasingledrop.Buthe’dbetterreceivetheteacupwithbothhandsandbowhisthankswhenthecupisbroughtbeforehisface.Whenthehos

tpourshotwaterintohiscup,hemayalsochoosetotaphisindexfingeronthetable,meaning”thanks”.Nomatterifhelikesitornot,itisim

politeifhedoesn’tevenlayafingeronthecup.⑴中国的餐桌礼仪和西方的差别还是很大的｡⑵中国人认为吃饭时可以说话,相反你们会觉得这很没礼貌｡⑶如果在饭桌上你积极参与谈话,别人会觉得你一定是个善于交

际､人缘很好的人｡⑷不要吃得太快,人们往往要跟其他人吃饭的进度保持一致｡各个盘子都应该留下一点别吃完｡⑸给上门拜访的客人上茶确实是风俗礼节,不需要问他要不要喝茶,或者要不要别的东西｡⑹茶端到他面前的时

候,他最好双手接住茶杯,欠身致谢｡主人给他倒茶时,他也可以在桌面上轻叩几下食指,表示“叩首谢谢”｡不管他喜不喜欢,要是连碰都不碰一下茶杯,那就有失礼貌了｡二、餐桌礼仪TableManners(2)⑴Tablemanne

rsareverystrictduringaChinesemeal.Respecthastobegiventotheelderly.Eachtimeadishisserved,everyonehastowaituntiltheelderpersonstartsor,“toc

uttheribbon”.⑵Thefoodisbroughttothetableallthesametimesoeverybodyisonthesamestartingline.Thislacksthewarm

atmospherewhichprevailsataChinesedinner.⑶ThismaybethereasonwhyitisalwaysnoisyataChinesedinnerbutquietinaWesternrestaura

nt.⑷AlcoholisamediumforcommunicatingemotioninChina.Drinkingwithbusinesspartnersorwould-befriendsisawayofsolidifyingfriendship,especiallyinNorthernChi

na.⑸YouwillbesetfreeataWesternbanquet.Itseemswearekeentomakeitasconvenientaspossibletosavorthewine,itscolor,itsaromaanditsdelicatetaste.⑹Themo

stimportantthingisthatthegoblet,table-cloth,andplatesshouldbemadeshininglyclean,sothatthecolorofthewineisclearlyvisibleandthedelicatearo

maandtastearefullyappreciable.⑺AttheWesterntable,remembertoavoidtalkingsoloundly,ortalkingwithamouthfulfood.⑴中餐还有严格的餐桌礼仪｡

长辈要受到尊重｡一盘菜上来,大家要先让长者举筷,这被称作“剪彩”｡⑵西餐中每个人点的菜都同时端上,大家在同一时间开始用餐,缺少了中国人相互礼让的过程,2⑶友好的气氛就差了许多｡这也许就是中国人吃饭热热闹闹,西方人的餐桌相对安静

的原因吧｡⑷在中国,喝酒时情感交流的介质｡尤其是在北方,和业务伙伴或者“准朋友”喝酒可以增进感情｡⑸西式酒宴上,你可就自由了,我们乐意为品酒创造便利,品味就的颜色､气味和口感｡⑹所以有一点是很重要的,那就是酒杯､桌布和盘子都要擦得一尘不

染,为的就是使就的颜色清楚可见,酒的口感和气味也能感受出来｡⑺在西餐桌上,记得不要大声说话,或边嚼边说话｡【拓展】文化差异1.Chewingwithyourmouthopen.张开嘴咀嚼食物｡Thisi

stheoppositeofChineseCulturewheretheyappreciatethatyoumakenoisewhileeating.Westernersfeelthisisdisgustingandshowsacompletelakeofmanners.Chew

withyourmouthshut!中国人喜欢在咀嚼食物的时候发出声响,与中国文化相反,西方人认为这种行为极为讨厌,是缺乏礼貌的表现｡嚼东西的时候要闭上嘴巴｡2.Speakingwithyourmouthfull.说话时满嘴食物｡Thisisconsideredquiterudewhe

natthetable.Westernchildrenaretaughtfromaveryearlyagenevertodothis.在餐桌上,这被认为是非常粗鲁的行为｡西方人从小就受这方面的教导｡3.Pickingteeth/Suckingteeth.剔牙/吮牙｡

Itisconsideredrudetopickbetweenyourteethwhereotherscanseeyou.Westernrestaurantsusuallydonotsupplytoothpickssoi

tissometimeshardtodecidewhentoremovefoodstuckbetweentheteeth.Itisusuallybesttoexcuseyourselfandgointothebathroom.当着他人的面剔牙是很不礼貌的｡西

餐厅通常不提供牙签,所以有时候很难决定什么时候该剔牙｡当确实需要清理牙缝间的食物时,最好是上洗手间｡4.Elbowsonthetable.手肘支在桌上｡Whileeatingyoushouldbesittingstraightup.Donotputyourelbowsonthetable

.Puttingyourelbowsonthetablewillmakeyoulooklikeafarmer.用餐时应该身体坐直,手肘不要支在餐桌上｡把手肘放在桌子上会让你看起来像个农民｡5.Spittingfood(bones,skin,etc.)out

ofyourmouth.直接从嘴里吐出食物(骨､皮3等)｡ThisisnotdoneinWesternrestaurants.Ifyoudoneedtotakesomethingoutofyourmouth,bringyournapkin

uptoyourmouthandplacetheiteminit.在西方的餐厅里你是见不到这一幕的｡真要这样做的话,应该把纸巾拿到嘴边,吐在纸巾上｡6.Pickingupyourplateorbowl.捧起碗碟｡

Theythinkthatonlychildrendothis.Don’tleanoverandslurpfromtheplateonthetableeither.Foodmustbetransportedfromthedi

shtoyourmouthwithaforkoraspoon.Ifyou’renervousaboutusingaknifeandfork,buyasetandpracticeathomeuntilyoufeelcomfortable.西方人

觉得这是小孩子才会有的举动｡也不要把嘴放在碗边直接吸取食物｡要用勺子或叉子把食物放进嘴里｡如果你不习惯用刀叉,那就买一套放在家里练习如何使用,直到运用自如｡7.Speakingloudly.大声讲话｡AllWesternerstrytokeeptheconversationtothe

irowntable.Ifthewholerestaurantcanhearyou,youarespeakingtooloudlyanditwillbeconsideredrude.Infact,somewesternersfinditdifficulttodob

usinessinChineserestaurantsbecausethenoiselevelisjusttoohigh.用餐时,西方人只会与同桌的人交谈｡如果整个餐厅都会听到你的“演讲”,那你的声音就太大了｡实际上,一些西方人认为在中国的餐馆里谈生意是件很困难的事情,因为噪音太大了｡8.Pa

ssinggas/Belching/Burping.放屁/打嗝｡Thisisconsideredrudeinanysituation.Ifyoudoneedtopassgas,excuseyourselfandgotothebathroom.Ofcoursesometimesthisisoutof

yourcontrol.Ifyouaccidentallypassgasloudlyinfrontofothers,youneedtosay,“excuseme”andquicklystarttalkingaboutsomethingtodistractthepeoplea

roundyou.DONOTdiscussanydetailsaboutyourgas,oranybodilyfunctionatthetable.在任何场合下放屁或打嗝都是不雅的｡如果确实需要的话,要上洗手间解决｡当然也有失控

的时候｡如果不小心当众放了响屁,要说“对不起”,而且要很快转移话题｡千万不要大谈特谈“人之气”,也不要再餐桌上谈论任何与身体器官有关的内容｡9.Cleaningearswithfingernails.用指甲挖耳孔｡Thisisnot

doneinpublic.Itshouldn'tbedoneinprivateeither!It’sdangerous.Useacottonswab!千万不要再大庭广众下用指甲挖耳｡在没人的地方也不要这样

做!用指甲挖很危险,最好用棉签｡410.Smoking.吸烟｡Whileothersarestilleatingorevenwheneveryonehasfinishedeating,itispolitetoasktheirpermissionify

oucansmokeatthetable.Inmanywesternrestaurantsyouwillbeaskedifyouprefertobeseatedinthesmokingornon-smokingsection.Ifyourhostcho

osesthenon-smokingsection,youwillhavetoexcuseyourselffromthetabletosmoke.当其他人还没有吃完,或者就算所有人都用完餐,如果要抽烟的话,要礼貌地征得大家的许可｡在很多西餐厅里,你会闻到是愿意在吸烟区还是非吸烟

区就差那｡如果主人选择了非吸烟区,那你想抽烟时要征得同桌人的同意到外面去抽｡三、中国人崇尚的颜色China’sFavoriteColors⑴Chinesepeopleseemtoliketheredandyellowclorsalot.The

twocolorsareusedfortheChinesenationalflag.⑵MaybebecausetheHansoriginatedintheYellowRiverPlateau,aregionwhereyellowwastheprevailingcolor.⑶Yello

wwasalsothecolorrepresentingtheimperialcourtintraditionalChina.DuringtheSuiDynasty,yellowwasofficiallydesignatedastheexlusivecolorfortheimpe

rialfamily.⑷Inoldentimes,apersoncouldbebeheadedforthemisuseofyellow.⑸Redrepresentshappiness.Forexample,theword“doublehappiness”usedfor

weddingisred.Thebridewearsredclothes,whichisdifferentfromthewhitegownsoftheWest.⑹DuringChineseSpringFestival,peoplewillgiv

ehongbao,orredenvelopeswithmoneyinsidetothechildrenaswellwishes.Coupletshangingonbothsidesofthedoorsarewrittenin

red.⑴中国人似乎很喜欢红黄两色｡中国的国旗就是由这两种颜色组成｡⑵这也许是因为汉民族的发源地是黄土高原,这个地域满目黄土之色｡⑶在中国古代,黄色是皇权的象征｡从隋朝起,黄色成为皇家专用的颜色｡⑷古时,用错了黄色会杀头｡⑸红是喜庆的象

征｡比如结婚时的双喜字是红色的,新娘要穿红色的嫁衣,这与西方穿白色婚纱不同｡⑹春节时,送晚辈压岁钱要用红纸包了,称“红包”,以示吉祥｡对联也是用红纸书写,贴在大门的两侧｡四、喝茶TheTea-Drinking(1)⑴Believeitornot,teaisthemostpopu

larbeverageintheworldaferwater.5⑵Chinaisthehomelandoftea.⑶Didyouknowthattea,themostpopulardrinkintheworld,wasinventedbyaccident.⑷Someleavesfroma

nearbybushfellintotheboilingwaterandremainedtherebeforesometime.⑸TheemperorShenNungnoticedthatleavesinthewaterproducedapleasantsmell.⑹Theteabagwasnot

madewithdrinkinginmind.⑺Ateaimporterwassendingoutsamplesofteathatwerepackagedinsilkbags.Notknowinganybett

er,hiscustomersputtheentirebagsintothepotandaddedhotwater.Itturnedoutthattheteatastedfine,andthecustomerslikedhoweasythebags

weretocleanup.⑴你知道吗?除了水,世界上最受欢迎的饮料就是茶了｡⑵茶起源于中国｡⑶你知道吗?世界上最流行的饮料——茶,是在偶然的机会里被发明出来的｡⑷当时附近树上落下几片叶子,飘到开水里,在水里煮了一会儿｡⑸神农帝发现开水中的叶子产生一种香香的味道｡⑹茶包本

来不是用来喝茶的｡⑺曾有一位茶叶进口商送了一些用丝质袋子包装的茶叶样品给顾客｡他的顾客不知情,将整个袋子放在茶壶里泡热水｡结果发现茶的为傲不错,而且用袋子就比较清理,顾客很喜欢这点｡五、TheTea-Drinking(2)喝茶⑴TheChinesepeople,intheirdrinkingoft

ea,placemuchsignificanceontheactof“savoring”.⑵Inclassicalnovels,ifsomeonedrinksteaoutofabigcuptoquenchhisthirst,thewordusedtoillustratethi

sactionis“drink”,likeacowdrinkingwater.Scholarswouldusefinecupstodrinkteaandthewordtouseis“savour”.⑶Intheolddays,

peopleusedironkettlestoboilwater.Teawasplacedinapaperbag.Porcelaincupswereusedfordrinking.⑷Thewatercamefrommeltedsnowwhichwascollectedfrom

plumblossomtreesthepreviouswinterandstoredundergroundinajar.Noonecollectssnowanymorebecauseofpollutionso

peopleusebottledwaterinstead.⑸Teahascategories:redtea,greentea,WulongteaandPu’ertea.Thefirstthreetypesofteaareprocessedusingsimi

larmethodsbutPu’erteausesatotallydifferentmethod.Itcontainsakindoffunguswhichisbelievedtobehealthy.Thefu

nguswillfermentonitsownaftertheteaisprocessed.That’swhyexpensivePu’erteaisalwaysquiteold.⑴中国人饮茶,注重一个“品”字｡⑵在古典小说中,某人用大杯喝茶解渴被称为“饮”,指此人像牛般饮水;而雅

士用精致的茶具喝茶被称为“品”｡6⑶古人用铁壶烧水,用纸袋装茶,用瓷杯饮茶｡⑷泡茶的水是前一年冬天从梅花树上收集起来的,装在瓷坛中埋入地下的雪水｡因为污染,没有人再收集雪水泡茶,取而代之的是瓶装矿泉水｡⑸茶大概分为这样几种:红茶､绿茶､乌龙茶和普洱茶｡前三种茶的制作方法是

一样的,普洱茶的制作方法则不同｡普洱茶本身含有一种有益的霉菌,在制成后会随着时间而自然发酵｡这也是普洱茶年头越长越值钱的原因｡六、TheSecretofNumbers数字的秘密⑴InCantonese,thenumber“8”hasasimilarpronou

nciationto,theword“prosper.”⑵GuangdongisoneofthefirstprovincestobenefitfromChina’sopenpolicy.Thereisalotoftemptationtobecomewealthy,so“8”isaluckynu

mberforpeopleinGuangdong.⑶“6”isoftenassociatedwithsmoothness.Manypeopleliketochooseadatefortheirweddingswhichincludesthenumb

er“6”.⑷Incontrast,“4”istheleastfavorable,becauseitsoundsverysimilartotheword,“death”.Manybuildingsdonot,even,uset

henumberfortheirelevatorprogramming.⑸Now,asaresultofWesterninfluence,moreChinesepeoplestartedtodislikethenumber“13”.⑴广东话里“8”与“发”同音,有发财的

意思｡⑵广东是中国最先受益于改革开放政策的省份之一,金钱的诱惑力很大,人人豆做着发财的梦,因此“8”成为人们偏爱的数字｡⑶“6”有顺利之意,许多人爱选带“6”的日子作为结婚日子｡⑷相比之下,“4”与“死”同音,是最不讨人喜欢的数字｡不少建筑物甚至没有“4”层｡⑸现在,受西方文化的影响,

许多中国人开始讨厌数字“13”了｡七、美食的色相TheColorofFood⑴ThereareeightmajorculinarystylesinChina.Colorcombinationsreflectthelocalfe

aturesofeachstyle.⑵TakeGuangdongfoodforexample.Becauseitishotandhumidthere,peoplearemindfuloftheheatontheirinternalorgans.Therefo

reGuangdongfoodismildinbothtasteandcolorcombinations.Youdon’tfindalotofhotandspicyfoodinGuangdongdishesbecausewarmcol

orinthehotsummercanberepulsivetopeople’sappetite.⑶Sichuanfoodisjusttheopposite.Sichuanisalsoveryhumidbut,un

likeGuangdong,Sichuanpeoplechoosetouseextremelyhotpepperstoopentheirstomach.7⑴中国有八大菜系,在色相上体现出地域的特点｡⑵比如粤菜,出自广东,哪里气

候炎热而潮湿,人们特别在意五脏燥热,所以广东菜色泽和味道均以清淡为主,辛辣的食物在粤菜中不多见｡因为炎热的天气,暖色调的食物会让人没有食欲｡⑶川菜就不同,四川气候也湿热,但与广东不同,四川人选择用极辣的辣椒来对付食欲低下｡