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1高考英语主旨大意练习班级考号姓名总分ARodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatripthatwilltakehimtoeverystateinthenation,mo

winglawns（修理草坪）.Fiveyearsago,Smithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedtohelp.“WhenIcameacrosstheelde

rlyman,mylifechanged,”hesaiD.Afterthat,SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,dis

abled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.Aspartofprovidingfreeyardwork,theorganizationteacheschildrenaboutservingtheirc

ommunitiesandlawnmowersafety.AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchallenge,whichsetsagoalforchildrennationwidetomow50lawnsfo

rfreeintheircommunity.Whenakidsignsupforthechallenge,thegroupsendsthemawhiteshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo（标识），shadesandearprotection.Thep

articipantsreceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery10thlawntheymow.Whentheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yards,theyreceive

aspecialvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.Theygivethevolunteeranewlawnmower,freeofcharge,andcutotherlawnswiththem.Sincethischallengestartedin2016,12k

idshavealreadycompletedthechallenge.Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpresenttheyhave130kidsnationwidetakingpartinthischallenge,including7inBe

rmudaandtheU.K.andoneinCanada.Soit’sspreadingworldwide.EventheQueenofEnglandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardla

telastyearonbehalfofher.ItwasalsolastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50States50Lawnscampaign.Now,in2020，he’sontheroad

again.1.WhatisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareService?A.EducatechildrentoworkharD.B.Offerfreelawncuttingservic

e.C.Makelawnmowersofhighquality.D.Trainprofessionallawnmowingworkers.2WhyistheQueenofEnglandmentioned?A.Topraisethequeenforhercare.B.Topro

veSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.C.ToshowSmith’sbehaviorgotrecognizeD.D.TointroducewhereSmith’smotivationcamefrom.3.What

canbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MowLawnsinOrdertoTravelB.LawnMowing—aNewTrendC.ChooseMowingLawnstoHelpD.Smith—aManLovesMowingL

awns2BAdolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings(兄弟姐妹)iftheirmothersdie.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatc

hontheyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandca

n,tosomeextent,helpthem.Similarly,asecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzeeshaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamiliarhumanisinjureD

.RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrackingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalPark,

Uganda,whenadeadlydiseasestrucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFebruary2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.Re

ddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfourpairsofyoungchimpanzeesiblings,wheretheolderofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere

10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersiblingswere6to7yearsolD.Thepairsspentmuchmoretimetogetheraftertheirmothers

'deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachother."Itwasliketheywerebothseekingphysicalcontactallthet

ime,"saysReddy."Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysense,becausebyhelpingtheirsiblings,theolderchimpsareactin

gintheinterestoftheirowngenes."Wecan'tbesurewhatisgoingthroughtheirminds,butReddysaystheyoungersiblingswereclearlysca

redandupsetandtheoldersiblingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously."Iamhesitanttouseawordlike'responsibility',"says

Reddy,butshesaystheywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering.Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirme

mbersisinjured:theymayinspectorhelpdealwithawound,forinstance.YutaroSatoatKyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolle

agueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseeinganinjury.Theyshowedsixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamilia

r,andwhohadaseriouswounD.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps'noses,whichisknowntohavelinkswi

thastrongnegativeemotion.4.Whydidtheolderchimpanzeesadopttheyoungersiblings?A.Becausetheyenjoyedhavingplaymates.B.Becausetheyobservedthelawo

fjungle.C.Becausetheyweretaughttotakeresponsibility.D.Becausetheyunderstoodtheirsiblings'suffering.5.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowhowt

heyconductedtheresearch.B.Tomakeananalysisofthefindings.C.Tocomparethetworesearches.D.Todescribeamovingstoryintheresearc

h.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.Chimps'unwillingnesstohelp.B.Chimps'mindsfullofsadness.C.Chimps'reactiontotheirs

iblings'suffering.D.Thedecreaseofchimps'nosetemperature.7.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Chimpsreallyd

ocare3B.ThemysteryofchimpsC.Chimps:tobeornottobeD.ThepowerofevolutionCWoodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperf

ectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap，durable(耐用的),easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingiti

snot,istransparent(透明的).NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholm’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology，thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddtha

tfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearnin

ghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood'sligni

n(木质素).Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatw

asnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso，almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamo

untofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewooD.Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleappli

cationslikecomputerchips,hetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Theresearchers,

whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowformorenaturallight,ortoc

reatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallowslighttopassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.

Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thesemi-transparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoret

imetointeractwiththeconductor,thusresultinginbettersolarefficiency.Additionally,substitutingthecurrentlyu

sedglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovetheircarbonfootprintandlowerthecost.Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupth

emanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatfeature”inParagraph1referto?A.Che

apness.B.Durability.C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetransparentwoodismade?A.Dipthewoodintoapoly

mer.B.Reducetheamountofthepolymer.C.Makethewoodlignin-free.D.Bakethewoodforsometime.10.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?4A.

Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.B.Varyingtheamountofthepolymerchangesthewood'shard

ness.C.Thecostofmakingthetransparentwoodstillneedstobecutdown.D.Thetransparentwoodwouldbeusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.11.Whatisthel

astparagraphmainlyabout？A.ThebrightfutureofthetransparentwooD.B.Thewood'sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.C.Thedisadvantagesofthecurrentlyusedglass.D.S

olarenergymanufacturers'carbonfootprint.DDolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeotheranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurpri

sedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains,accordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillion

neurons(神经元),comparedwiththe86billionneuronsinhumans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeasures,

don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocards,eachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,t

heytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweet

rewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreo

ftentotheemptycard—thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanempty

cardthantoonethathadonesymbolonit,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theym

oreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism(机制)behindwh

atallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaiD.Thisunderstanding,inturn,couldhelpinthedevelopmentofa

rtificialintelligence(AI)thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionne

urons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.12.Whatisasurprisingfindi

ngfortheresearchers?A.Manyanimalsalsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B.Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybee

scanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.D.Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.13.Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?A.Flydi

rectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.5C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythin

gonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.14.WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A.Theyofferinspirationtothedevel

opmentoftechnology.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecomple

xtricks.D.Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B.Honeybeescanunder

standmuchashumansdo.C.HoneybeeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D.Honeybeescanbetrainedtocomprehend“zero”.6

附：参考答案A【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldier

sfreeofcharge.”可知，史密斯创办RMLCS是为了给老人，残疾人，单亲妈妈和退役军人免费修理草坪。故选B。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“EventheQueenofEnglandtooknot

ice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.”可知，甚至英国女皇都知道史密斯，并派总督代表她给史密斯颁奖。故选C。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。全篇叙述了史密斯为特定人员免费修理

草坪，并且为全国孩子设立目标：为自己的家园免费修理50码的草坪。这一系列的举动，都是和修理草坪相关，是一种助人的行为。故选C。B【答案】D【解析】理解题干，迅速定位到文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstot

heevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.”由此判断选D项。【答

案】A【解析】读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果，即如何具体实施研究，故选A项；第四段介绍了科学家的分析，因此把干扰项B排除；文章介绍了两个实验，第三段中没有进行比较，因此选项C排除；文章是说明文体裁，没有进行故事描写，排除D项。故选A项。【答

案】C【解析】理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering”；理解第四段第一句话“Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinj

ured”，（与之一致，当猩猩看到同伴受伤时，会做出反应）；“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句话。故选C项。【答案】A【解析】A选项“猩猩的确关爱”。本文通过两个实验发现猩猩在同伴或亲属痛苦受伤时表现出关爱，故选择A选项；B选项“猩猩的神秘”，表述太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除；C选项“猩猩

，生存还是毁灭”，与本文主题不相关，故排除；D选项“进化的力量”，太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除。C【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Itischeap，durable(耐用的)，easil

yavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot，istransparent(透明的)”可知，木头便宜，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持

续。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科学家的努力，已经将“那个特点”添加到已有的特点单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。“透明”也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项：透明。【答案】

B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours”可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是：将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158华氏度的

温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文不符。故B选项切题。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturing

processsothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse”可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加合算，易于使用。由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高，需要降

低成本。故C选项正确。7【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能电池板，环保等方面的应用。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来。故A选项正确。D【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“...but

researchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains...”可知，令研究人员惊奇的是

蜜蜂的脑容量小，但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifbeescanunderstan

d‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.”可知，AdrianDyer认为这些发

现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故A选项正确。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。