【文档说明】高中英语高考复习主旨大意专项练习（附参考答案）.docx，共(7)页，63.705 KB，由鹿哥教育上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-227403.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

1高考英语主旨大意练习班级考号姓名总分ARodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatripthatwilltakehimtoeverystateinthenation,mowinglawns（修理草坪）.Fiveyears

ago,Smithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedtohelp.“WhenIcameacrosstheelderlyman,mylifechanged,”hesaiD.Afterthat,Smithwentonto

createtheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcha

rge.Aspartofprovidingfreeyardwork,theorganizationteacheschildrenaboutservingtheircommunitiesandlawnmowersafety.AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchal

lenge,whichsetsagoalforchildrennationwidetomow50lawnsforfreeintheircommunity.Whenakidsignsupforthechallenge,thegroupsendsthemawhit

eshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo（标识），shadesandearprotection.Theparticipantsreceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery10thlawntheymow.Whe

ntheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yards,theyreceiveaspecialvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.Theygivethevolunteeranewlawnmower,freeofcharge,andcutoth

erlawnswiththem.Sincethischallengestartedin2016,12kidshavealreadycompletedthechallenge.Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpresenttheyhave

130kidsnationwidetakingpartinthischallenge,including7inBermudaandtheU.K.andoneinCanada.Soit’sspreadingworldwide.EventheQueenofEnglandt

ooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.ItwasalsolastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50St

ates50Lawnscampaign.Now,in2020，he’sontheroadagain.1.WhatisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareService?A.Educatechildrentowor

kharD.B.Offerfreelawncuttingservice.C.Makelawnmowersofhighquality.D.Trainprofessionallawnmowingworkers.2WhyistheQueenofEnglandmentioned?A.T

opraisethequeenforhercare.B.ToproveSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.C.ToshowSmith’sbehaviorgotrecognizeD.D.TointroducewhereSmit

h’smotivationcamefrom.3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MowLawnsinOrdertoTravelB.LawnMowing—aNewTrendC.ChooseMowingLawnstoH

elpD.Smith—aManLovesMowingLawns2BAdolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings(兄弟姐妹)iftheirmothersdi

e.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatchontheyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersare

sufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.Similarly,asecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzeeshaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamili

arhumanisinjureD.RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrackingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalPark,Uganda,whenadeadlydiseases

trucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFebruary2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.ReddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfou

rpairsofyoungchimpanzeesiblings,wheretheolderofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersi

blingswere6to7yearsolD.Thepairsspentmuchmoretimetogetheraftertheirmothers'deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachothe

r."Itwasliketheywerebothseekingphysicalcontactallthetime,"saysReddy."Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysense,becausebyhe

lpingtheirsiblings,theolderchimpsareactingintheinterestoftheirowngenes."Wecan'tbesurewhatisgoingthroughtheirminds,butReddysaystheyounger

siblingswereclearlyscaredandupsetandtheoldersiblingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously."Iamhesitanttouseawordlike'responsibility',"saysReddy,butsh

esaystheywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering.Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured:theymayinspector

helpdealwithawound,forinstance.YutaroSatoatKyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolleagueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseein

ganinjury.Theyshowedsixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamiliar,andwhohadaseriouswounD.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps'nose

s,whichisknowntohavelinkswithastrongnegativeemotion.4.Whydidtheolderchimpanzeesadopttheyoungersiblings?A.Bec

ausetheyenjoyedhavingplaymates.B.Becausetheyobservedthelawofjungle.C.Becausetheyweretaughttotakeresponsibility.D.Becaus

etheyunderstoodtheirsiblings'suffering.5.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowhowtheyconductedtheresearch.B.

Tomakeananalysisofthefindings.C.Tocomparethetworesearches.D.Todescribeamovingstoryintheresearch.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.Chimps'

unwillingnesstohelp.B.Chimps'mindsfullofsadness.C.Chimps'reactiontotheirsiblings'suffering.D.Thedecreaseofchimps'nosetemperatu

re.7.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Chimpsreallydocare3B.ThemysteryofchimpsC.Chimps:tobeornottobeD.Thepowerofe

volutionCWoodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap，durable(耐用的),easilyavailabl

e，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent(透明的).Nowthankstoateamofs

cientistsatStockholm’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology，thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.Leadrese

archerDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelo

pedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood'

slignin(木质素).Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproduct

thatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso，almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyva

ryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewooD.Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodfor

small-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,hetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Ther

esearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowformorenatu

rallight,ortocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallowslighttopasst

hroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thesemi-tran

sparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoretimetointeractwiththeconductor,thusresultinginbettersolarefficiency.Additionally,sub

stitutingthecurrentlyusedglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovetheircarbonfootprintandlowerthecost.Theya

renowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.8.Whatdoestheunderl

inedpart“thatfeature”inParagraph1referto?A.Cheapness.B.Durability.C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetra

nsparentwoodismade?A.Dipthewoodintoapolymer.B.Reducetheamountofthepolymer.C.Makethewoodlignin-free.D.Bakethewoodforsometime.10.

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?4A.Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.B.Varyingthe

amountofthepolymerchangesthewood'shardness.C.Thecostofmakingthetransparentwoodstillneedstobecutdown.D.Thetransparentwoodwouldb

eusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout？A.ThebrightfutureofthetransparentwooD.B.Thewood'sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.C

.Thedisadvantagesofthecurrentlyusedglass.D.Solarenergymanufacturers'carbonfootprint.DDolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeot

heranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybr

ains,accordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons(神经元),comparedwiththe86billionneuronsin

humans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeasures,don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocards,eachofw

hichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,theytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbol

s.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweetrewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshow

nacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheempty

card—thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadonesymboloni

t,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theymoreoftenflewt

othezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism(机制)behindwhatallowsustounderstand

theconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaiD.Thisunderstanding,inturn,couldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)thatalsoundersta

ndsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAIne

wtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.12.Whatisasurprisingfindingfortheresearchers?A.Manyanimalsalsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B.Thenumberofneuron

sofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.D.Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbefo

represchool.13.Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?A.Flydirectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardw

ithfewersymbolsonit.5C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythingonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.14.WhatdoesAdr

ianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A.Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabs

tractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecomplextricks.D.Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.15.Whatisthema

inideaofthetext?A.Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B.Honeybeescanunderstandmuchashumansdo.C.Honeyb

eeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D.Honeybeescanbetrainedtocomprehend“zero”.6附：参考答案A【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Smithwentontocre

atetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.”可知，史密斯创办RMLCS是为了给老人，残疾人，单亲妈妈和退役军人

免费修理草坪。故选B。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“EventheQueenofEnglandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithana

wardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.”可知，甚至英国女皇都知道史密斯，并派总督代表她给史密斯颁奖。故选C。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。全篇叙述了史密斯为特定人员免费修理草坪，并且为全国孩子设立目标：为自己的

家园免费修理50码的草坪。这一系列的举动，都是和修理草坪相关，是一种助人的行为。故选C。B【答案】D【解析】理解题干，迅速定位到文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanz

eescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.”由此判断选D项。【答案】A【解析】读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果，即如何具体

实施研究，故选A项；第四段介绍了科学家的分析，因此把干扰项B排除；文章介绍了两个实验，第三段中没有进行比较，因此选项C排除；文章是说明文体裁，没有进行故事描写，排除D项。故选A项。【答案】C【解析】理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsib

lings'suffering”；理解第四段第一句话“Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured”，（与之一致，当猩猩看到同伴受伤时，会做出反应）；“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句话。故选C项

。【答案】A【解析】A选项“猩猩的确关爱”。本文通过两个实验发现猩猩在同伴或亲属痛苦受伤时表现出关爱，故选择A选项；B选项“猩猩的神秘”，表述太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除；C选项“猩猩，生存还是毁灭”，与本文主

题不相关，故排除；D选项“进化的力量”，太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除。C【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Itischeap，durable(耐用的)，easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallys

ustainable.Theonethingitisnot，istransparent(透明的)”可知，木头便宜，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持续。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科学家的努力，已经将“那个特点”添加到

已有的特点单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。“透明”也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项：透明。【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物

)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours”可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是：将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文不符。故B选项切题。【答案】C【解析】推理判断

题。根据最后一段中的“Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetoma

keandeasytouse”可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加合算，易于使用。由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高，需要降低成本。故C选项正确。7【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能

电池板，环保等方面的应用。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来。故A选项正确。D【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“...butresearchersweresurprisedtofindtha

thoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains...”可知，令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小，

但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabr

ainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.”可知，AdrianDyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些

灵感。故A选项正确。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。