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1高考英语主旨大意练习班级考号姓名总分ARodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatripthatwilltakehimtoeverystateinthenation,mo

winglawns（修理草坪）.Fiveyearsago,Smithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedtohelp.“WhenIcameacrosstheelde

rlyman,mylifechanged,”hesaiD.Afterthat,SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsforthe

elderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.Aspartofprovidingfreeyardwork,theorganizationteacheschildrenaboutserving

theircommunitiesandlawnmowersafety.AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchallenge,whichsetsagoalforchildrennationwidetomow50lawnsforf

reeintheircommunity.Whenakidsignsupforthechallenge,thegroupsendsthemawhiteshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo（标识），shade

sandearprotection.Theparticipantsreceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery10thlawntheymow.Whentheyhavecomple

tedthetaskfor50yards,theyreceiveaspecialvisitfromSmithorsomeonewithRMLCS.Theygivethevolunteeranewlawnmo

wer,freeofcharge,andcutotherlawnswiththem.Sincethischallengestartedin2016,12kidshavealreadycompletedthechallenge.Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpr

esenttheyhave130kidsnationwidetakingpartinthischallenge,including7inBermudaandtheU.K.andoneinCanada.Soit’sspreadingworldwide.EventheQueenofEnglandtoo

knotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.ItwasalsolastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50States

50Lawnscampaign.Now,in2020，he’sontheroadagain.1.WhatisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareService?A.EducatechildrentoworkharD.B.Offerfreelawncutt

ingservice.C.Makelawnmowersofhighquality.D.Trainprofessionallawnmowingworkers.2WhyistheQueenofEnglandmentioned?A.Topraisethequ

eenforhercare.B.ToproveSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.C.ToshowSmith’sbehaviorgotrecognizeD.D.TointroducewhereSmith’smotiva

tioncamefrom.3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MowLawnsinOrdertoTravelB.LawnMowing—aNewTrendC.ChooseMowingLawnstoHelpD.Smith—aManLovesMowi

ngLawns2BAdolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings(兄弟姐妹)iftheirmothersdie.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatchon

theyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeexten

t,helpthem.Similarly,asecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzeeshaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamiliarhumanisinju

reD.RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrackingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalPark,Uganda,whenadeadl

ydiseasestrucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFebruary2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.ReddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfourpairsofyo

ungchimpanzeesiblings,wheretheolderofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersiblingswere6to7years

olD.Thepairsspentmuchmoretimetogetheraftertheirmothers'deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachother."Itwaslik

etheywerebothseekingphysicalcontactallthetime,"saysReddy."Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysense,becausebyhe

lpingtheirsiblings,theolderchimpsareactingintheinterestoftheirowngenes."Wecan'tbesurewhatisgoingthroughth

eirminds,butReddysaystheyoungersiblingswereclearlyscaredandupsetandtheoldersiblingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously

."Iamhesitanttouseawordlike'responsibility',"saysReddy,butshesaystheywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering.Inlinew

iththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured:theymayinspectorhelpdealwithawound,forinstance.YutaroSatoat

KyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolleagueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseeinganinjury.Theyshoweds

ixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamiliar,andwhohadaseriouswounD.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps'noses,whichisknowntohavelinkswithast

rongnegativeemotion.4.Whydidtheolderchimpanzeesadopttheyoungersiblings?A.Becausetheyenjoyedhavingplaymates.B.Becausetheyobservedthe

lawofjungle.C.Becausetheyweretaughttotakeresponsibility.D.Becausetheyunderstoodtheirsiblings'suffering.5.Whatisthepurposeo

fparagraph3?A.Toshowhowtheyconductedtheresearch.B.Tomakeananalysisofthefindings.C.Tocomparethetworesearches.D.Todescribeam

ovingstoryintheresearch.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.Chimps'unwillingnesstohelp.B.Chimps'mindsfullofsa

dness.C.Chimps'reactiontotheirsiblings'suffering.D.Thedecreaseofchimps'nosetemperature.7.Whichisthebesttitlefo

rthetext?A.Chimpsreallydocare3B.ThemysteryofchimpsC.Chimps:tobeornottobeD.ThepowerofevolutionCWoodhasmanygreat

characteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap，durable(耐用的),easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysu

stainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent(透明的).NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholm’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnolog

y，thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoo

dafterlearninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbyp

ullingoutthewood'slignin(木质素).Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresul

twasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso，almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftranspa

rencybyvaryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewooD.Whilescientistshaveprevio

uslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,hetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargesca

leapplications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildin

gstoallowformorenaturallight,ortocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallows

lighttopassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignif

icantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.Thesemi-transparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoretime

tointeractwiththeconductor,thusresultinginbettersolarefficiency.Additionally,substitutingthecurrentlyuse

dglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovetheircarbonfootprintandlowerthecost.

Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.8.Whatdoestheunde

rlinedpart“thatfeature”inParagraph1referto?A.Cheapness.B.Durability.C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.9

.Whichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetransparentwoodismade?A.Dipthewoodintoapolymer.B.Reduce

theamountofthepolymer.C.Makethewoodlignin-free.D.Bakethewoodforsometime.10.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothete

xt?4A.Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.B.Varyingtheamountofthepolymerchangesthewood'shardness.C.Thecostofmakingthetranspare

ntwoodstillneedstobecutdown.D.Thetransparentwoodwouldbeusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.11.Whatisthelastparag

raphmainlyabout？A.ThebrightfutureofthetransparentwooD.B.Thewood'sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.C.Thedisadvantagesofth

ecurrentlyusedglass.D.Solarenergymanufacturers'carbonfootprint.DDolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeoth

eranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,cons

ideringtheinsects’tinybrains,accordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons(神经元),comparedwiththe86billionneurons

inhumans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeasures,don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocard

s,eachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,theytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumber

ofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweetrewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemp

tyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheemptycard—thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlesstha

ntheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadonesymbolonit,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbol

sonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theymoreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone

.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism(机制)behindwhatallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaiD.Thisunderstanding

,inturn,couldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessth

anamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.12.Whatisasurprisingfindingforthere

searchers?A.Manyanimalsalsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B.Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirt

inybrains.D.Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.13.Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?

A.Flydirectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.5C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythi

ngonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.14.WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A.Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopm

entoftechnology.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecom

plextricks.D.Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B.Honeybe

escanunderstandmuchashumansdo.C.HoneybeeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D.Honeybeescanbetrainedtocomp

rehend“zero”.6附：参考答案A【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,

disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.”可知，史密斯创办RMLCS是为了给老人，残疾人，单亲妈妈和退役军人免费修理草坪。故选B。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“EventheQueenofEngla

ndtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.”可知，甚至英国女皇都知道史密斯

，并派总督代表她给史密斯颁奖。故选C。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。全篇叙述了史密斯为特定人员免费修理草坪，并且为全国孩子设立目标：为自己的家园免费修理50码的草坪。这一系列的举动，都是和修理草坪相关，是一种助人的行为。故选C。B【答案】D【解析】理解题干，迅速定位到

文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpt

hem.”由此判断选D项。【答案】A【解析】读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果，即如何具体实施研究，故选A项；第四段介绍了科学家的分析，因此把干扰项B排除；文章介绍了两个实验，第三段中没有进行比较，因此选项C

排除；文章是说明文体裁，没有进行故事描写，排除D项。故选A项。【答案】C【解析】理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering”；理解第四段第一句话“Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenone

oftheirmembersisinjured”，（与之一致，当猩猩看到同伴受伤时，会做出反应）；“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句话。故选C项。【答案】A【解析】A选项“猩猩的确关爱”。本文通过两个实验发现猩猩在同伴或亲属

痛苦受伤时表现出关爱，故选择A选项；B选项“猩猩的神秘”，表述太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除；C选项“猩猩，生存还是毁灭”，与本文主题不相关，故排除；D选项“进化的力量”，太笼统，与本文主题不相关，故排除。C【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Itischeap，durable(

耐用的)，easilyavailable，andmostimportantly，environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot，istransparent(透明的)”可知，木头便宜，耐用，容易获得，最重要的是，可持续。但

是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到：由于科学家的努力，已经将“那个特点”添加到已有的特点单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知，该处应指，科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。“透明”也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项：透明。【答案】B【解析】细节理

解题。根据第二段中的“Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours”可知，制造透明木头的过程之一是：将无木质

素的木材浸泡在聚合物中，在158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文不符。故B选项切题。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupth

emanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse”可知，现在，他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺，使得透明材料制造起来更加

合算，易于使用。由此推知，现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高，需要降低成本。故C选项正确。7【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭，建筑物，太阳能电池板，环保等方面的应用。由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未

来。故A选项正确。D【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“...butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabst

ractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains...”可知，令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小，但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没

有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,ef

ficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.”可知，AdrianDyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故A选项正确。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文

可知，本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。