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1高考英语主旨大意练习班级考号姓名总分ARodneySmithisamanwithatask.TheBermudanativeisinthemidstofatripthatwilltakehimtoeverystateinthena
tion,mowinglawns(修理草坪).Fiveyearsago,Smithcameacrossaseniormanmowinghislawnandstoppedtohelp.“WhenIcameacrosstheelderlyman,
mylifechanged,”hesaiD.Afterthat,SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsfortheelderly,disabl
ed,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.Aspartofprovidingfreeyardwork,theorganizationteacheschildrenabouts
ervingtheircommunitiesandlawnmowersafety.AkeycomponentofRMLCSisits50-yardchallenge,whichsetsagoalforchildrennationwidetomow50lawnsforfreeinthei
rcommunity.Whenakidsignsupforthechallenge,thegroupsendsthemawhiteshirtwiththeRaisingMenlogo(标识),shadesandearprotection.Theparticipantsr
eceiveadifferentcoloredshirtafterevery10thlawntheymow.Whentheyhavecompletedthetaskfor50yards,theyreceiveaspecialvisitfromSmith
orsomeonewithRMLCS.Theygivethevolunteeranewlawnmower,freeofcharge,andcutotherlawnswiththem.Sincethischallengestartedin2016,12kidshavealreadyc
ompletedthechallenge.Andbothboysandgirlsarepartofit.Atpresenttheyhave130kidsnationwidetakingpartinthischallenge,including7inBermudaandtheU.K.an
doneinCanada.Soit’sspreadingworldwide.EventheQueenofEnglandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanaw
ardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.ItwasalsolastyearthatSmithcameupwiththe50States50Lawnscampaign.Now,in2020,he’sontheroadagain.1.Wh
atisthepurposeoftheRaisingMenLawnCareService?A.EducatechildrentoworkharD.B.Offerfreelawncuttingservice.C.Makelawnmowersofhighquality.D.Tra
inprofessionallawnmowingworkers.2WhyistheQueenofEnglandmentioned?A.Topraisethequeenforhercare.B.ToproveSmithisrespectedbyeveryone.C.ToshowSmith’sb
ehaviorgotrecognizeD.D.TointroducewhereSmith’smotivationcamefrom.3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MowLawnsinOrdertoTravelB.LawnMowing—aNewTrendC.C
hooseMowingLawnstoHelpD.Smith—aManLovesMowingLawns2BAdolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings(兄弟姐妹)ifthei
rmothersdie.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatchontheyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.Thefindingaddstotheevid
encethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.Similarly,asecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzee
shaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamiliarhumanisinjureD.RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrack
ingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalPark,Uganda,whenadeadlydiseasestrucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFe
bruary2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.ReddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfourpairsofyoungchimpanzeesiblings,wheretheolder
ofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersiblingswere6to7yearsolD.Thepairsspentmuch
moretimetogetheraftertheirmothers'deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachother."Itwasliketheywerebothseekingphysi
calcontactallthetime,"saysReddy."Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysense,becausebyhelpingtheirsiblings,theolderchimpsareactingintheinterestofth
eirowngenes."Wecan'tbesurewhatisgoingthroughtheirminds,butReddysaystheyoungersiblingswereclearlyscaredandupsetandtheoldersi
blingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously."Iamhesitanttouseawordlike'responsibility',"saysReddy,butshesaystheywererespondi
ngtotheirsiblings'suffering.Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured:theymayinspectorhelpdealwithawound,forinstance.
YutaroSatoatKyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolleagueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseeinganinjury.They
showedsixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamiliar,andwhohadaseriouswounD.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps'nose
s,whichisknowntohavelinkswithastrongnegativeemotion.4.Whydidtheolderchimpanzeesadopttheyoungersiblings
?A.Becausetheyenjoyedhavingplaymates.B.Becausetheyobservedthelawofjungle.C.Becausetheyweretaughttotakeresponsibi
lity.D.Becausetheyunderstoodtheirsiblings'suffering.5.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowhowtheyconductedtheresearc
h.B.Tomakeananalysisofthefindings.C.Tocomparethetworesearches.D.Todescribeamovingstoryintheresearch.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?
A.Chimps'unwillingnesstohelp.B.Chimps'mindsfullofsadness.C.Chimps'reactiontotheirsiblings'suffering.D.Thedecreaseofchimps'nos
etemperature.7.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Chimpsreallydocare3B.ThemysteryofchimpsC.Chimps:tobeornottobeD
.ThepowerofevolutionCWoodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap,durabl
e(耐用的),easilyavailable,andmostimportantly,environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent(透明的).Nowthankstoatea
mofscientistsatStockholm’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalready
impressivelist.LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearninghowJa
paneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood'slignin
(木质素).Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatw
asnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso,almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheam
ountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewooD.Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughw
oodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,hetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescale
applications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowf
ormorenaturallight,ortocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.Woodthatallowslighttopassthroughcouldleadtoabrig
hterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthedesignofsolarpanels
.Thesemi-transparentmaterialwouldbeabletokeeplightlongerandgiveitmoretimetointeractwiththeconductor,thusres
ultinginbettersolarefficiency.Additionally,substitutingthecurrentlyusedglasswiththisnewproductwouldhelpsolarenergymanufacturersimprovet
heircarbonfootprintandlowerthecost.Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetr
ansparentmaterialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatfeature”inParagraph1referto?A.Cheapness.B.Durability.C.Sust
ainability.D.Transparency.9.Whichofthefollowingisnottheprocessinwhichthetransparentwoodismade?A.Dipthewoodintoapolymer.B.Reduce
theamountofthepolymer.C.Makethewoodlignin-free.D.Bakethewoodforsometime.10.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingt
othetext?4A.Berglundgottheideaoftransparentwoodwhilemakingpaper.B.Varyingtheamountofthepolymerchangesthewood'shardness.C.Thecostofmakin
gthetransparentwoodstillneedstobecutdown.D.Thetransparentwoodwouldbeusedonlyforhomesandbuildings.11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theb
rightfutureofthetransparentwooD.B.Thewood'sroleinthedesignofsolarpanels.C.Thedisadvantagesofthecurrentlyusedglass.D.Solarenergymanu
facturers'carbonfootprint.DDolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeotheranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurprisedtofin
dthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains,accordingtoanewstudy.Ho
neybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons(神经元),comparedwiththe86billionneuronsinhumans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeas
ures,don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocards,eachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,theytrained
agroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweetrewards.Thetraine
dbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheemptycard—thusshowingthat
theyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadon
esymbolonit,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theym
oreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrai
nmechanism(机制)behindwhatallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaiD.Thisunderstanding,inturn,co
uldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneuron
s,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.12.Whatisasurprisingfindingfortheresearchers?A.Manyanimals
alsocomprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B.Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.D.Humansfailtorec
ognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.13.Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?A.Flydirectlytothecardw
ithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.5C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythin
gonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.14.WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A.Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopmentoftechnolog
y.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomecomplextricks.D.Theya
llowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B.Honeybee
scanunderstandmuchashumansdo.C.HoneybeeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D.Honeybeescanbetrainedtocompreh
end“zero”.6附:参考答案A【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“SmithwentontocreatetheRaisingMenLawnCareService(RMLCS)tomowlawnsforthee
lderly,disabled,singlemomsandformersoldiersfreeofcharge.”可知,史密斯创办RMLCS是为了给老人,残疾人,单亲妈妈和退役军人免费修理草坪。故选B。【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“EventheQueeno
fEnglandtooknotice—thegovernorofBermudapresentedSmithwithanawardlatelastyearonbehalfofher.”可知,甚至英国女皇都知道史密斯,并派总督代表她给史密斯颁奖。故选C。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。全篇叙述了
史密斯为特定人员免费修理草坪,并且为全国孩子设立目标:为自己的家园免费修理50码的草坪。这一系列的举动,都是和修理草坪相关,是一种助人的行为。故选C。B【答案】D【解析】理解题干,迅速定位到文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstotheevi
dencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.”由此判断选D项。【答案】A【解析】读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果,即如何具体实施研究,故选A项;第四段介
绍了科学家的分析,因此把干扰项B排除;文章介绍了两个实验,第三段中没有进行比较,因此选项C排除;文章是说明文体裁,没有进行故事描写,排除D项。故选A项。【答案】C【解析】理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsibl
ings'suffering”;理解第四段第一句话“Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured”,(与之一致,当猩猩看到同伴受伤时,会做出
反应);“this”就是指代第四段中的最后一句话。故选C项。【答案】A【解析】A选项“猩猩的确关爱”。本文通过两个实验发现猩猩在同伴或亲属痛苦受伤时表现出关爱,故选择A选项;B选项“猩猩的神秘”,表述太笼统,与本文主题不相关,故排除;C选项“猩猩,生存还是毁灭”
,与本文主题不相关,故排除;D选项“进化的力量”,太笼统,与本文主题不相关,故排除。C【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Itischeap,durable(耐用的),easilyavailable,andmostimportantly,environmentallysusta
inable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent(透明的)”可知,木头便宜,耐用,容易获得,最重要的是,可持续。但是它不是透明的。而最后一句提到:由于科学家的努力,已经将“那个特点”添加到已有的特点
单子里了。根据这个语境可以推知,该处应指,科学家们使得木头成为透明的了。“透明”也成为了它的一个特点。故该画线词应该指D选项:透明。【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thelignin-freewoo
dwasthendippedintoapolymer(聚合物)andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours”可知,制造透明木头的过程之一是:将无木质素的木材浸泡在聚合物中,在158华氏度的温度下烘烤4小时。因此B选项提到的“减少聚合物的量”和原文
不符。故B选项切题。【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theyarenowexperimentingwithwaystoscaleupthemanufacturingprocesssothatthetransparentma
terialiscost-effectivetomakeandeasytouse”可知,现在,他们正在尝试扩大制造工艺,使得透明材料制造起来更加合算,易于使用。由此推知,现在制造透明木头的成本仍然很高,需要降低成本。故C选项正确。7【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。最后一段介绍了透明木头将来在家庭,
建筑物,太阳能电池板,环保等方面的应用。由此可知,最后一段主要介绍了透明木头的光明未来。故A选项正确。D【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“...butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsocomprehendthisa
bstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains...”可知,令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小,但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。【答案】D【解析】细
节理解题。根据第二段的内容,尤其是最后一句可知,蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,
itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.”可知,AdrianDyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展
提供一些灵感。故A选项正确。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样,能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。