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一.Thereisno句型1.Thereisnodoing结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”:There’snodenyingthefact.这一事实不容否认。Thereisnogettingoverthedifficulty.这困难无法克服。Thereisnoknowingwhat
hewilldonext.无法知道他下一步要干什么。Therewasnotellingwhenshewouldbeback。没法知道她什么时候回来。2.Thereisnodifficultyindoingsth结构。意为“做某事没有困难”:Thereisnodifficultyinfi
ndinghisoffice.找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。Therewasnodifficultyincarryingouttheplan.执行这项计划没什么困难。3.There’snodoubtofsth./dongsth/that…结构。意为“毫
无疑问…”:Thereisnodoubtofhissuccess.毫无疑问他一定会成功。Therecouldbenodoubtthathewasoneofthebestwriterinthiscoun
try.毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。4.Thereisnohurry(todosth)句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”:There’snohurrytoreturnthebook.现在不急于还书。There’snohurr
y,sodoitslowlyandcarefully.不用赶时间,要慢慢细心地做。5.There’snoneed(forsb.)todosth.…结构。其意为“不需要或不必要…”:Thereisnoneedforhelp.不需要
帮助。Thereisnoneedforyoutogo.你没有必要去。6.Thereisnosenseindoingsth结构。意为“做某事没有道理或好处”:There’snosenseincriticizinghim.批评他也没有用。There’snosensein
waitingthreehours.等三小时是不没有道理的。7.There’snopointindoingsth句式。意为“做某事没有用”:There’snopoint(in)tellingheraboutis.告诉她没有用。T
here’snopointinwastingtime.耗时间没用。【注】以上有的结构中的no根据情况也可换成其他限定词:Thereissomedifficultyindoingsth意为“做某事有些困难”。Thereismuchdifficultyindoingsth意为“做某事许多困
难”。There’saneedfor…意为“需要或有必要…”。二.prefer句型(1)prefertodosth例:Iprefertostayathome.(2)preferdoingsth例:Ipreferplayingindefence.(3)prefersbtodosth例:Wou
ldyouprefermetostay?(4)prefertodosthratherthandosth……宁愿…...而不愿.…".例句:Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoout(5)preferdoingsthtodoingsth例:Ipreferwa
tchingfootballtoplayingit.(6)prefersthtosth例:Ipreferteatocoffee.我要茶不要咖啡。三.seem句型(1)It+seems+that从句例:Itseemedthateveryonewassatisfied.(2)Itseemst
osbthat---例:Itseemstomethatsheisright.(3)Thereseemstobe----例:Thereseemstobeaheavyrain.(4)Itseemsasif----例:Itseemedthatshe
couldn'tcometoclass.四.相差/增加(了/到……)表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型:(1)SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.她比我高三英寸(2)Thereisoneyearbetweenus.我们之间
相差一岁。(3)SheisthreeyearsoldthanI她比我大三岁。(4)Theyhaveincreasedthepriceby50%.他们把价格上涨了50%五.too句型(1)too...todosth.例:Politicsistooi
mportanttobelefttothepoliticians.(=Politicsissoimportantthatitcan'tbelefttothepoliticians.)(2)can't…too+形容词无论……也不为过例:Wecannotemphasizetheimpor
tanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch.六.感叹句型(1)Whata+Adj+N+S+V!例:Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!(2)How+Adj+a
+N+V!(多么...!)例:Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!(3)How+S+V!例句:HowIwanttogotoBeijing!七.情态动词句型(含否定)should,would,could,might,oughtto完成时,表示过去本该做
,打算做,想做而未做的事情.1.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone本应该做而没做2.wouldhavedone=本来就会去做某事而没做3.couldhavedone=本可以做某事而没做4.mighthavedone本可以做而没做例:Theyoughttoha
veapologized.他们本该道歉的。5.musthavedonesth一定做过某事否定形式:can't/couldn’thavedone例:Shemusthavecomeherelastnight.Shecan'thaveg
onethere6.mayhavedonesth可能做过某事否定形式:maynothavedone例:Philipmayhavebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.7.mig
hthavedonesth或许做过某事否定形式:mightnothavedone例:Shemighthaveknownwhatthebottlecontained.8.shouldhavedonesth估计已经做了某事否定形式:shouldnothavedon
e例:Sheshouldhavearrivedinherofficebynow.八.动词不定式句型(1)Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.某人花/花了/
将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.例句:IttookmeyearsofhardworktospeakgoodEnglish.(2)Itis+adj+for/ofsbtodosth例:ItwascarelessofTomtobreakt
hecup.(3)Sb.have/has/hadnochoicebuttodo...某人除了做……别无选择.例句:Wehadnochoicebuttotakeataxiforwe'dmissedthelastbus.(4)It'snot/justlikesb.todost
h.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.例:lt'snotlikeJimtobelateforclass.Heregardstimeasthemostimportantthinginlife.(5)…形容词/副词+enoughtodosth.例:Iwasfortu
nateenoughtotraveltoSouthAfrica..(6)Itpaysto+V~~~(...是值得的。)例句:Itpaystohelpothers.(7)Itcostsbsometime/moneytodo
sth例:Itmustcostagooddealtolivehere.住这儿一定会花很多钱的。(8)doallhecouldtodosthdowhathecouldtodosthdoeverythinghecouldt
odosth例:Theyweredoingeverythingtheycouldtohelpthefatherland.(9)Itishardtoimagine/say…很难想象/说……例:ItishardtoimaginehowEdisonmanagedtoworktwentyh
ourseachday.It'shardtosaywhethertheplanispractical.九.动名词常用句型(1)...havetrouble/difficulty/ahardtime/adifficulttime(in)doingsth.(有困难做某事)例:P
eoplefromthetwocountriesdonothaveanydifficultyinunderstandingeachother.(2)upon/ondoingsth,一……就……例:Upon/O
nhearingtheunexpectednews,hewassosurprisedthathecouldn'tsayaword.(3)Thereisno/somedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.例:Thereisn
odifficultyinsolvingthissocialproblem.(4)Thereisnoneed/useharm/hurryindoingsth例:Thereisnoneedinsendingsuchexpensivepresent.(5)spendsometime/mon
ey(in)doingsth例:Theysaychildrenspendtoomuchtimechattingandplayinggamesinsteadoffocusingontheirschoolwork.(6)It'snouse/good/worthdoingsth例:It’snouseta
lkingwithhim.Hewon’tlistentoyou.(7)It'sawasteoftime/money/energydoing例:It'sawasteoftimewatchingTVprogrammeasthis.十.since句型(1)Since+S+过去式,S+现在完成式例句:
Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard.自从他上高中,他一直很用功。(2)Itis+---+sinceS+持续性谓语动词(表否定)例:Itisthreeyearssinceshelivedhere.她已三年不住这儿了。(3)Iti
s/hasbeen+---+sinceS+瞬间谓语动词(表肯定)例:ItisyearssinceIstoppedsmoking).我戒烟已经数年了。十一.more...than句型(1)more---than与其……不如……例:Heismorela
zythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.(2)morethan超过;不仅仅是;非常例:Theseflagsaremorethanjustcolorfulpiecesofclothan
dthreadsewntogether.(3)notmorethan最多,不超过例:Theyfinishedtheprojectinnotmorethanoneyear.(4)nomorethan仅仅例:The
officialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.十二.感叹句what句型What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容
词+不可数名词+陈述语序具体说来,表达强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的句子叫做感叹句,强烈情绪的表达通常有下列三种方式:(a)使用感叹词;(b)只用情绪感觉的语词,例如:Water!Water!Quick!(水!水!快!——如救火或救人时。)Whattaste!(这是什么味道啊!——如吃
到怪味时)(c)使用“How…!”或“What(a)…!”的句式,例如:Howbeautifulyouare,Helen!海伦,你是多么美!Whatabeautifulfloweritis!这一朵花多么美!本句式的主语动词也可以省去以突显情绪的强烈感,例如:Howcrue
l(theyare)!真是惨绝人寰!——如听到绑票的撕票案等。Howbeautiful(theseflowersare)!这些花多美啊!(d)使用简短的陈述句配合音调也可以表达感叹,例如:Youarekidding!你在开玩笑!——表示惊讶Iloveyou我爱你
!——表示喜欢Ihateyou!(我恨你!——表示愤怒或绝望一、用what引导的感叹句有三种句式,此时,what为形容词,用作定语,修饰它后面的名词或名词词组。1.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语
!例如:Whatafinedayitis!(多么好的天气啊!)Whatanoldbuildingthatis!(那是一栋多么破旧的楼房啊!)2.What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语!例如:Whatgoodteacherstheyare!(
他们是多么好的老师啊!)Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!(这些是多么美丽的花啊!)3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:Whatthickicewearehavinghere!(我们这儿的冰多厚啊!)
Whatroundbreaditis!(这是一块多么圆的面包啊!)二、用how开头的感叹句也有三种句式,此时,how是副词,用作状语,修饰后面的形容词、副词或动词。4.How+形容词+主语+谓语!例如:Howhotitistoday!今天天气多热啊!Howbeautifu
ltheflowersare!这些花多么美丽啊!5.How+副词+主语+谓语!例如:Howhardheworks!他工作多么努力啊!Howwellshesings!她歌唱得多好啊!6.How+主语+谓语!例如:Howshedances!(她跳舞跳得多好啊!)注意:what和how引起的感叹句,
在口语中常可以省略主语、谓语或其它句子成分。例如:Howcold(itis)!Whatagoodgirl!Whatdeliciousfish十三.It句型1.Itis+被强调部分+that...该句型是强调句型。将被强调
的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。Itwa
sabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.Itwas
inthestreetthatImetherfather.2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到……才……”,可以说是not...until...的强调形式。Itwasnotuntilsh
etookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn'trealizeshewasafam
ousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.3.Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain…)that…该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是tha
t引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe'sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe'sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear
.4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisim
portantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.5.Itissaid(reported,learned…)that…该句型中的it仍是形式主
语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉……)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherman-madesatellitehasbeenputintoorbit6.I
tissuggested(ordered,required...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省。常译为“据建议;有命令……
)”。Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame...)that...该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(
should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourcla
ss.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾!8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句
应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟.②有时也用should+动词原形,should不能省。常译为“是(正是)……的时侯……”。Itistimethatchildrenshouldgoto
bed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.It/Thisisthefirst(second…)time(that)…该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that从句
不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时用thi
s替换,常译为“是第一(二)……次……”。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.10.Itis…since...该句型主要用作处
理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。Itis(hasbeen)5yearss
incehisfatherdied.11.Itis...when...该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的it指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候,是……”。Itwas5o'clockwhenhecameher
e.12.Itbe...before...该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……过了多久之后就/才……”。Itwas3daysbeforehewentt
oBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.13.Ithappensthat...该句型中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen是不及物动词.Ithappened(sohappened)t
hathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧……14.Ittakessb.…todosth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。Ittookthous
andsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.15.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是nogood,(notanygood),nous
e,(notanyuse)。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.16.Itdoesn'tmatterwhether...该句型中whether引导
的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)……没关系……。Itdoesn'tmatterwhethertheyareold(ornot).17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.该句型中
的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,m
odest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth.Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosays
o.18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起,形容词通常表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况。常见的形容词有:①important,necessary,nat
ural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,impossible,pleasant等。如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimp
ortantthatshe(should)cometotheparty19.Itseems/appearsthat看来……Itseems/appearsthathewillbebackinafewdays.Itl
ooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义。asif引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好像……"如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气.Itlooksasifheisill.(真的病了)Itse
emedasifheweredying.(虚拟语气)