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第二讲句法类错误◎技法探究素养提升◎考点1主谓一致误用[典例1][2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Mydaddon'tlikethesoupandIdon'tenjoyapples.考场思维(1)主谓判断：主语Mydad,第三人称单数，故谓语应该为第三人称单数。(2)瞻前顾后析

时态：根据连词and后的don'tenjoy可知时态为一般现在时。(3)尝试解答：________________don't→doesn't[典例2][2016·浙江卷]Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.考场思维(1)主

谓判断：主语是we，谓语动词应该使用复数。(2)尝试解答：________________was→were1．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmist

akesaswell.________________2．Shetookthelifttotheeleventhfloor，andthesecretaryshowedherwhereherdeskandherc

omputerwas.________________3．[2020·长春外国语学校第二次质量检测]YouarethemostconsideratepersonwhoknowexactlywhatIneedinourclas

s.________________include→includeswas→wereknow→knows4．[2020·甘肃兰州一中高三月考]Eachstudentlearnaforeignlanguage，mostlyEnglish，

fromDayOneoftheircompulsoryeducation.________________5．[2020·衡水中学第三次联考]Thefirstthingthatoccurtomeisitsexcellenceinfinance,whichIaminte

restedinasmymajor.________________6．Itogetherwithhim，weregoingtodojustwhatwehaddiscussed.________________learn→learnsoccur→occurswere→was

1．判断主谓语是关键①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。②动词-ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。③就近原则常见

的有：either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,therebe等。④就远原则常见的有：togetherwith，aswellas，but，except等。⑤在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。⑥定语从句中的谓语

动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。2．附加成分是难点对于分隔现象，可利用“减一减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。考点2从句或固定句型误用[典

例1][2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.考场思维(1)结构分析

：先行词是food，定语从句中缺少主语，先行词被all,every,any,much,little(少),few,no等修饰时，关系代词用that。what可以引导名词性从句，但不可以引导定语从句。(2)尝试解答：____

____________what→that[典例2][2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople.考场思维(1)结构分析：从句式看，afr

aid后不是宾语从句；afraid后的todo不定式是原因状语。(2)尝试解答：________________去掉afraid后的that1．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]Thankyouforyourletter,whatreally

mademehappy.________________2．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,suchthatwecanpracticetogetheroneveryday.______________________

3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.________________4．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Theyalsohadasma

llpondwhichtheyraisedfish.________________what→whichsuch→so；去掉everyday前的onwhat→that/whichwhich→where或which前加in5．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Intheirsparetim

e，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.________________6．[2020·安徽省合

肥市高三第三次质量检测]Othersthoughtsomecoursesshouldbeofferedinschools,whichgoalwastohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutourcustom

s,waysoflifeandsoon.________________7．[2020·衡水中学第三次联考]Firstly,goodsocialskillsandstrongorganizingabilityarethatIhaveacquir

edinhighschoolthankstotheexperienceofservingasmonitor.________________8．[2020·山西五地市高三联考]Whenwearrived

atthepark,wewereamazedatthatwesaw.________________that→whichwhich→whosethat→whatthat→what1．关注定语从句中只用which不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句时。Thebuilding,

whichattractsmanyvisitors,isdesignedbymyfather.②位于介词后面时。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.2．明辨关系代词和关系副词

误用引导词用关系代词还是关系副词关键还是看引导词在从句中作的成分。若引导词作状语，则使用关系副词(when代指时间，where代指地点，why代指原因)；若引导词作主语、宾语、定语等成分，则使用关系代词。3．理清that/which和whose的误用that/whic

h在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分，而whose在从句中作定语，表示“„„的”。4．牢记that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语

从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所„„的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。◎考场练兵检验考试能力◎Test1[2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测]RecentlyIbecameaddictedtolearnmo

relanguagesapartfromEnglish.OnceIsawapostofferingawonderfulcourseinGerman,andthatwasjustwhatIdecidedtotakefromanewlanguage.Whiletheroomforcla

sseswasquitesmall,buttherewasawholeworldoflanguagetoexplore.Ourteacher,Mrs.Haus,wasatall,thinandquietlady.I'llneverforgettheda

ywhichsheintroducedherself.Sheneveronceraisedvoice,buttheminuteshebegantospeak,theroomfellsilently.Why?ShelovedGermananditsculture

—andeverybodyinherclassescouldn'thelpbutfellinlovewiththelanguage,too.WealladmirethewayshetalkedaboutdifferentGermanfoodsandtradition.ThenIr

ealizedwhatmakesthegoodteacher.It'ssomeonewhoisinlovewithwhatheorsheisteaching!Test1答案与解析：RecentlyIbecameaddictedtolearn①learningmorel

anguagesapartfromEnglish.OnceIsawapostofferingawonderfulcourseinGerman,andthatwasjustwhatIdecidedtotakefrom②onane

wlanguage.Whiletheroomforclasseswasquitesmall,but③therewasawholeworldoflanguagetoexplore.Ourteacher,Mrs.

Haus,wasatall,thinandquietlady.I'llneverforgetthedaywhich④whensheintroducedherself.Sheneveronceraised∧⑤hervoice,buttheminutesh

ebegantospeak,theroomfellsilently⑥silent.Why?ShelovedGermananditsculture—andeverybodyinherclassescouldn'thelpbutfell⑦fallinlovewiththelanguage,too.

Wealladmire⑧admiredthewayshetalkedaboutdifferentGermanfoodsandtradition⑨traditions.ThenIrealizedwhatmakesthe⑩agoodteac

her.It'ssomeonewhoisinlovewithwhatheorsheisteaching!①learn改为learning动词形式误用。be/becomeaddictedtodoingsth.为固定用法，表示“沉迷于做某事”，to为介词，故用动

名词形式learning。②from改为on介词误用。句意：我曾经看到一则帖子，帖子上提供了一门很棒的德语课程，那正是关于一门新语言我决定学习的东西。③删除but连词多用。该句中的While意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，不能与b

ut连用。④which改为when关系代词和关系副词混用。分析该句结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，先行词为“theday”，故用when引导该定语从句。⑤voice前加her限定词漏用。根据语境可知，此处与该句主语She呼应，表示“她从不提高她的嗓门”，故加限定词her。⑥s

ilently改为silent副词和形容词混用。该句中的fell用作系动词，表示“进入(某状态)”，后接形容词作表语。⑦fell改为fall固定搭配误用。sb.cannothelpbutdosth.为固定用法，意为“某人忍不住做某事”。故此处应用动词原形fal

l。⑧admire改为admired动词的时态误用。根据该句中的talked并结合语境可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。⑨tradition改为traditions名词的单复数误用。根

据该句中的different以及“foodsand”并结合常识可知，该处指多种不同的传统，故用复数形式。⑩the改为a冠词误用。该处泛指“一位好老师”，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。Test2[2020·绵阳市高中第三次诊断性考试]Everyonehasadream.

Sodome.WhenIgrowup,mydreamistobeascientist.Asthematteroffact,beingascientisthadbeenoneofmydreamssincemychildhoodbecause

scientistsarethemostknowledgeableandselflessinmymind.Theydevotethemselvestohelpworkoutdifficultprobleminourlife.Theyworkhardlytohelppeopleinn

eed,askingnothinginreturn.Sciencecanpromotethedevelopmentoftheworld,andI'msureIwillmaketheworldgoodifIcanbecomeascientist.Iknowitwi

llbenoeasyjob.Therefore,Ibelievemydreamwillbecometrue.答案与解析：Everyonehasadream.Sodome①I.WhenIgrowup,mydreamistobeascientist.Asth

e②amatteroffact,beingascientisthad③hasbeenoneofmydreamssincemychildhoodbecausescientistsarethemostknowledgeableandselfle

ssinmymind.Theydevotethemselvestohelp④helpingworkoutdifficultproblem⑤problemsinourlife.Theyworkhardly⑥hardtohelppeopleinneed,asking∧⑦fornot

hinginreturn.Sciencecanpromotethedevelopmentoftheworld,andI'msureIwillmaketheworldgood⑧betterifIcanbecomeascientist.

Iknowitwillbenoeasyjob.Therefore⑨However，Ibelievemydreamwillbe⑩cometrue.①me改为I代词主格和宾语的混用。本句是so引导的一个语法倒装

句，助动词后是该分句的主语，应该用主格，所以将me改为I。②the改为a固定搭配误用。asamatteroffact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”，所以将the改为a。③had改为has动词的时态误用。根据该句中的时间状语sincemychildhood和语境可

以判断，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为beingascientist，所以将had改为has。④help改为helping动词形式误用。devoteoneselfto...为固定用法，to是介词，其后一般跟名词、代词或动名词

作宾语，所以将help改为helping。⑤problem改为problems名词的单复数误用。根据句意可知，科学家们全力倾注于解决我们生活中的难题，problem为可数名词，此处指的难题不止一个，应用复数形式，所以将problem改为problems。⑥hardly改为ha

rd副词误用。此处表示“他们努力地工作”，应用副词hard。副词hardly意为“几乎不”，与句意不符，所以把hardly改为hard。⑦asking后加for介词漏用。askfor为固定用法，意为“请求，要求”，符合语境，所以需要在asking后加for。⑧good改为better

形容词形式误用。根据语境可知，此处应表示“如果我能成为一名科学家，我确信我将把世界变得更美好”，有比较的含义，所以将good改为better。⑨Therefore改为However副词误用。上句“我知

道这不是容易的事情”和下句“我相信我的梦想会成真”之间为转折关系，所以将Therefore改为However。⑩删除will后的bebe动词多用。cometrue为固定用法，意为“实现，成为现实”，无被动语态，所以将be删除。