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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfu

ltootherpeopleinthehouse.Thenewlaw,FamilyProtectionandDevelopmentPromotionAct,wasinitiated(启动)bytheMinist

ryofSocialDevelopmentandHumanSecurityandwasannouncedintheRoyalGazetteonMay22,2019.Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathom

ewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingunderthesameroof.Inthatcase,itwillbeconsideredas“domesticviolence".ThenewlawcameintoforceonAugust20.Ac

cordingtothecenterforresearchandknowledgemanagementfortobaccocontrol,attheFacultyofMedicalScienceofMahidolUniversity,thereareabout4.9m

illionhouseholdswhereoneormorefamilymemberssmoke.Anaverageof10.3millionpeoplehaveunwittingly(不知不觉地)becomepassivesmokersbecausethey'vebeenbreathin

ginsmokeathome.Scientificstudiesshowthatpassivesmokersarealgreaterriskofbeingaffectedbycancer.Of75childpatientsfromhous

eswheresmokingispracticed,76%ofthemwerefoundtohavenicotinetracesintheirurine,with43%ofthemhavingnicotin

econtentexceedingpermissiblelevels.Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisa.lackofsmoking,and

mightaswellruinrelationshipsbetweensmokersandnon-smokerfamilymembers.Accordingtothenewlaw,anyonewhothinkstheyareaffectedbydomesticsmokingca

nreporttoofficialsconcernedsothatinspectorswillbesenttoinvestigateandtakelegalactionagainstthesmokers.

Onceconvicted,thecourtmayorderapersontoreceivetreatmenttoquitsmokinginanattempttoprotecttheperson'sfamily

.InFebruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.8．WhatisthefactaboutthenewlawinThailand?A．Itma

kesitclearthatsmokingathomeisacrime.B．I’salawonprotectingthehealthofnon-smokers.C．Itwasdraftedandadoptedbytheroy

alfamily.D．Itclassifiessmokingasaformofdomesticviolence.9．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“curbing

”inParagraph3?A．Treating.B．Changing.C．Improving.D．Controlling.10．WhatisNOTtheevilconsequenceofsmokingathome?A．Itmayincreasetherisko

fcancerinpassivesmokers.B．Itwillprobablycausephysicaloremotionalviolence.C．Itwillmakethesmokersbecomemoreaggressive.D．Itm

aylead10disharmonyinfamilyrelations.11．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A．SmokingisillegalanywhereinThailand.B．Smo

kersarelesslikely10developcancerthannon-smokers.C．PeoplewhosmokeathomeinThailandwillbesenttoprison.D．Thailandiscommittedtocreatingasmoke

-freeenvironment.【答案】8．D9．D10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了泰国新法旨在抑制在家中吸烟，并致力于创造一个无烟的环境。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Smokinginyo

urownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为吸烟是

有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪，故选D。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingun

derthesameroof.”可知，该法律旨在限制在家中吸烟，因为吸烟可能会危害同屋檐下的其他人的健康。所以curbing指的是控制，限制，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第七段中“Smokingathomealso“mayle

adtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisalackofsmoking”可知，在家吸烟也“可能导致身体或情绪暴力”，因为在不吸烟的情况下，人们会表现出攻击性。C.Itwillmakethe

smokersbecomemoreaggressive.意思为在家吸烟会使吸烟者变得更有攻击性。与原文意思不符，故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThaila

ndmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为吸烟是有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪；再根据最后一段“InFeb

ruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.”2019年2月，泰国在6个机场禁止吸烟，并禁止在公

共场所吸烟。综上可以推断出，泰国致力于创造无烟的环境。故选D。2.（2020届福建省泉州市高三第一次质检）Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.Sowhydo

wehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon'tlikerule-breakingisbe

causefairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Scientistshavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Afairsituati

onmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefeelings.Thestudyfoundthatthi

sasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessisoneofbasichumanneeds.Arrivingatafe

elingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocomp

romise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryon

emustfollow.Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehave,andcanbeinternal(内在的)orexternal.Inte

rnalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon'tsteal,forexample,becausewebeli

evethattheftisunfairandwrong.Wealsodon'twanttodisappointourfamilyandfriends.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwa

ysthatcauseconflict.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Rewards,suchasjobpromotionsandpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehave

andactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanprev

entpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity'sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Iftherewerenorules,mostpeoplewouldprobabl

ystillbehavepositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.1

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword''this''inparagraph2referto?A．Aprograminhumanbrains.B．Acomfortablesituation.C．Theres

ponsewithbadfeelings.D．Therequirementofffairness.13．Whydocommunitieshaverules?A．Topunishillegalactivities.B．Topreventd

isagreement.C．Topromotefairness.D．Tomeetvariousdemands.14．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalcontrol?A．Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingiss

hamefulB．Parkintherightplacesoasnottogetaparkingticket.C．Paytheelectricitybillontimeinordernottogetalatefee.D．Cooperatewithy

ourclassmatestowinaprizeforyourclass.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．LivingbytherulesB．Whycommunitiesnee

drulesC．ReachingacompromiseD．Howfairnessfunctions【答案】12．C13．C14．A15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。12．词义猜测题。根据第二段的

Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefeeli

ngs.Thestudyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.可知，一个不公平的情况会让我们感到舒适甚至开心，但是不公平会让我们的大脑产生负面情绪。他们的研究发现，当受到不公平待遇时，这种情况就会发生。根

据句意可知this指代上文提到的“大脑会产生负面情绪”。C.Theresponsewithbadfeelings.(负面情绪的反应)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealm

ostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateve

ryonemustfollow.(尽管有分歧，人们总是需要妥协的。但是，当存在利益冲突时，很难达成妥协。这就是为什么社区有每个人都必须遵守的规则)可知，社区设立规则的目的是让人们能够达成妥协，即促进公平。C.Topromotefairness.(促进公平)符合以上说法，故选C项。14．推理判断

题。根据第四段的Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwa

ysthatcauseconflict.可知，我们的内部控制基于我们的价值观和恐惧，使我们不做出引起冲突的行为。A.Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshameful(诚实地参加考试，因为作弊是无耻的)是和我们的价值观相关，属于内部

控制，故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.(几乎每一个社区都有某种形式的规则，和某种执行他们的方式)和最后一段的

Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.(这就是为什么一个没有规则的社会是不可能的)可知，本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。A.Livingbytherules(按规则生

活)可以作为本文的标题，故选A项。3.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Ingeneral,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.Theycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicst

handidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeom

etryandtrigonometry,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,andpublicbuildings.Theyknewaboutthesmelti

ngofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears,swords,andshields,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.Whi

letheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Becauseoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomo

rethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.TherearetworeasonsfortheRomanneglectofphilosoph

yandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthemintoarapidlygrowing

empiretowastemuchtimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicappedbytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.(TrytomultiplyXIbyLVI

IortodivideCXLIIIbyIX;itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.)TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounte

rpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.8．TheauthorcallstheRomans“practical"becausethey________.

A．theydidn'tcareaboutphilosophyB．theyjustlearnedfromGreekgeometryC．theyappliedwhattheylearnedtoconstructionD．theythoughtli

ttleoftheoreticalscientificthinking9．Accordingtothepassage,theRomansexcelledin________.A．smeltingironoreB．e

ngineeringandarchitectureC．improvingGreekweaponsD．producingspears,swords,andshields10．Theunderlinedword“counterpart"inthelastparagraphm

eans________.A．equivalentB．calculatorC．appearanceD．partner11．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．whyRomansigno

redmathematicsB．Romans'discouragingnumbersystemC．howRomansaccomplishedpracticalwondersD．Romanswhoneglectedtheoret

icalthought【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要对罗马人为什么很少进行理论科学思考，并陈述了其中两个原因：忙于征服其它国家；他们的数字系统过于僵化。8．推理判断题

。根据文章第一段的TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,andpu

blicbuildings.(他们是希腊几何和三角学的杰出学生，他们把所学的知识用到桥梁、公路和公共建筑上)可推测，作者认为古罗马人实际，是因为他们把所学知识运用到了实际生活中——建筑。C.theyappli

edwhattheylearnedtoconstruction(他们把所学知识运用到建筑中)符合以上推测。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.(罗马人是古代最好的工程师和建筑师)

可知，故罗马人擅长工程和建筑。B.engineeringandarchitecture.(工程和建筑)符合以上说法。故选B项。10．词意猜题题。根据划线部分所在句子TheRomansdidalloftheirarithme

ticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.可知，罗马人用算盘做算数，古代的算盘counterpart现代的计算机。算盘和计算机都是用来计算的，由此推测划线部分的意思是“等同于”。故选A项

。11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.(尽管

罗马人创造了许多使用的奇迹，但是他们却很少进行理论上的科学思考)可知，古罗马人是实用主义，他们极少进行理论科学思考。D.Romanswhoneglectedtheoreticalthought.(忽略理论思考的罗马人)符合以上说

法。故选D项。4.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Youknowyouhavetoread"betweenthelines"togetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttope

rsuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto“writebetweenthelines."Un

lessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficientkindofreading.Iinsist,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofdamagebutoflove.There

aretwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlyt

hefirststeptopossession.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Iama

rguingthatbooksmustbeabsorbedinyourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.Whyismarkingupabooknecessarytoreading?First,itkeepsyouawake.(AndIdon'tmean

onlyconscious;Imeanwideawake.)Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinkingandthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritte

n.Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.But,youmayask,whyis

writingnecessary?Well,thephysicalactofwriting,withyourownhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforey

ourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andtheques

tionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind,istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeacti

ve.Youcan'tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesinabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Thebooksyo

ureadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxation,andnothingislost.Anordinarypieceoflightfiction,like"GonewiththeWind,"doesn'trequirethemo

stactivekindofreading,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthestoryofDavidCopperfield.Youmayalsosayt

hatthisbusinessofmarkingbooksisgoingtoslowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneofthereasonsfordoingit.Mostofushaveb

eentakeninbythenotionthatspeedofreadingisameasureofourintelligence.Thereisnosuchthingsastherightspeedfori

ntelligentreading.Somethingsshouldbereadquicklyandeffortlessly,andsomeshouldbereadslowlyandevenlaboriously.Thesignofintelligencein

readingistheabilitytoreaddifferentthingsdifferentlyaccordingtotheirworth.Inthecaseofgoodbooks,thepointisnottoseehowmanyofthemyoucangetthroug

h,butratherhowmanycangetthroughyou—howmanyyoucanmakeyourown.Afewfriendsarebetterthanathousandacquaintances.Ifthisbeyou

raim,asitshouldbe,youwillnotbeimpatientifittakesmoretimeandefforttoreadagreatbookthanitdoesanewspaper.12．Fullownershipofabookdoesnoto

ccuruntil________.A．itispurchasedB．itisreadbetweenthelinesC．itiswrittenbetweenthelinesD．itisworn,shakenandloosened13．Themainadvantageofmarkingupabook

is________.A．tokeepyoufromfeelingsleepyB．toshowthatyouareabsorbedinreadingC．tomakeyourselfconsciousthatyouarereadingactivelyD．tomakeyo

urselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandingpossible14．Theauthormostprobablyagreesthat________.A．Gonewit

htheWindandDavidCopperfieldarenotthought-throughbooksB．MarkingabookcanhelppreserveyourquestionsaboutwhatisreadC．Readingwillb

enefitusmoreifitisdoneactivelyD．Intelligentpeopleusuallyreadquicklyanddifferently15．Thepurposeofthispass

ageis________.A．totellthereadershowtoreaddifferentbooksB．toencouragethereaderstoreadslowlybutactivelyC．to

arguethatthereadersshouldreadbetweenlinesD．tointroducewaystomarkupabookwhilereading【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了给一本书做标记的好处：可以让书中的思想成为自己

的一部分。12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfaparto

fitisbywritinginit.(只有你让它成为你自己的一部分，你才能完全拥有一本书，而最好的方法就是通过在上面做标记)可知，通过在字里行间做标记，才能真正拥有一本书。C.itiswrittenbetweenthelines(在字里行间做笔记)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．细节理解题。

根据文章第四段的Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpr

essed.(有记号的书通常都是经过深思熟虑的书。最后，做笔记帮助你记住你的想法，或作者表达的想法)可知，在书上做笔记的优势是：更加理解这本书，并且让自己成为其中的一部分。D.tomakeyourselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandin

gpossible.(让你自己成为书的一部分，让进一步的理解变得可能)符合以上说法，故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Anordinarypieceoflightfiction,like"GonewiththeWind,"doesn'trequire

themostactivekindofreading,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthestoryofDavidCopperfiel

d.(一部普通的轻松小说，比如乱世佳人，不需要积极的阅读，你也不用像理解约翰.杜威的思想那样去理解大卫科波菲尔)可知作者认为乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不需要积极的去阅读，故推测作者认为他们不是深思熟虑的书。A.GonewiththeWinda

ndDavidCopperfieldarenotthought-throughbooks.(乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不是深思熟虑的书)符合以上推测，故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Ifreadi

ngistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.(如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那么它必须是积极的。)Youmayalsosaythatthisbusinessofmarkingbooksisgoingto

slowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneofthereasonsfordoingit.(你可能还会说，在书上做标记会减慢你的阅读速度。也许会吧，这就是要慢读的原因之一)可

推测，作者写本的目的是鼓励读者积极地，慢慢地阅读。B.toencouragethereaderstoreadslowlybutactively.(鼓励读者慢且积极的阅读)符合以上说法，故选B项。5.（2020届河南

省六市第一次模拟）Althoughthereisgrowingresearchintothenegativeeffectthatscreen-basedtechnologycanhaveonwell-being(健康),thetricktechnologycompani

eshavesomehowplayedisthattheyhavemadeitourproblem,nottheirs.Forexample,itisridiculousthatweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddictedtotheirapps

whenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Intheworldofapps,addictioniswhatbringsinmoney.Wh

etheryourunavideoservice,anewssiteoramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhaveaneffectonthementalhealthofyourusers-negati

veorpositive.Butthesadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.Thereasonwhysomuchtechnologydoesn’tsupportwell-beingwasnoconsid

erationinitsdesign.Animportantareaforimprovementisnotifications(通知).Notificationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’sgreatfortheproductbutbad

fortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedbuttheyalsocauseanxietyaboutthethingswe’vemissed,asymptomofaddiction.Thereisver

ylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱图标)showingabrightredcirclewithahighnumberonit.Notificationscanbemadefriendlier

bynotshowingtheminrealtime.Oneideaistoshowthelevelofunreadmessagesthroughtheweightoftheappname.Soify

ouhadlotsofemails,yourMailappwouldbeverybold(粗体的),butifyoudidn’thaveany,itwouldbelighter.Inthisway,le

ssattentionwillberequired.Thoughitsoundschallenging,finallymoneywilltalk.Itispossibletomakechangestopr

oductsthatdon’tdamagetheirprimaryincomemodels.Changescouldbemadethathelpusfeelbetteraboutourselves.Whenacom

panybecomesmorewell-being-positive,theyaddacompetitivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.32．Whatcanbec

oncludedfromthefirstparagraph?A．Youngpeoplecanbetrickedeasily.B．Screen-basedtechnologyisnegative.C．Theaddic

tionproblemcan’tbesolved.D．Techcompaniesaretoblameforaddiction.33．Iftheusersdon’timprovetheeffectonwell-bei

ng,ittendstobe________.A．indifferentB．optimisticC．pessimisticD．interesting34．Howcantheappsreducethenegativeeffectsacco

rdingtotheauthor?A．Byremovingtheinboxicon.B．Bylimitingpeople’sscreentime.C．Bymakingnotificationslesseye-catching.D．

Byinformingtheusersofmessagesinnotime.35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwell-being-positivecompanies?A．Theywillenjoythebenefitfinally.B．T

heywillhaveanuncertainfuture.C．Theywilldogoodtotheminority.D．Theywillchangeincomemodels.【答案】32．D33．C34．C3

5．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。针对基于屏幕的技术可能会对用户的健康产生负面影响这个现象，作者指出要优化产品的设计并提出了一些改进的建议。作者认为当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。32．推理判断题。根据第一段中Forexample,itisri

diculousthatweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddictedtotheirappswhenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Intheworldofapps,addictioniswhatbrin

gsinmoney.例如，我们责怪年轻人沉迷于他们的应用软件是荒谬的，而简单的事实是，软件的设计是让人上瘾的。在应用软件的世界里，上瘾能带来金钱。可知，科技公司是上瘾的罪魁祸首。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中Whetheryourunavideoservice,anewssiteo

ramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhaveaneffectonthementalhealthofyourusers-negativeorpositive.Butthe

sadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.无论你运行的是视频服务、新闻网站还是手机游戏，你的产品肯定会对你的用户的

心理健康产生影响——无论是消极的还是积极的。但可悲的现实是，如果你不优化这种效果，它往往是前者。可知，如果使用者不改善对健康的影响，它往往是悲观的。故选C项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段中Notifi

cationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’sgreatfortheproductbutbadfortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedbuttheyalsocausea

nxietyaboutthethingswe’vemissed,asymptomofaddiction.Thereisverylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱图标)showingabrightredci

rclewithahighnumberonit.通知功能是一个很好的例子，它对产品有好处，但对用户有坏处，因为它不仅让我们注意力不集中，还会让我们对错过的东西感到焦虑，这是上瘾的症状。收件箱图标显示一个亮红色的圆圈，上面的数字很高，这没什么好处

。可知，作者认为通过降低通知的醒目程度，应用软件可以减少负面影响。故选C项。35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Whenacompanybecomesmorewell-being-positive,theyaddacompeti

tivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。可知，作者认为积极向上的公司最终会享受到好处。故选A项。6.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Th

elatestsportscrazeisnotevenasport.Accordingtoarecentarticle,“e-sports”areattractingalargenumberofaudience.Ine-spo

rts,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchtheactionliveonhugetelevisions

creens.Thegameshavegonewaypastkidsplayingagainsteachotherwhilesittingonasofaathome.TheInternational,amajorcompetitionforplayersof

Dota2,awarded$24millioninprizes,withthewinnertakinghomealmost$11million.Arecente-sportscompetitionat

tractedmorethan80,000fanstotheOlympicStadiuminBeijing,China.IhavetoadmitthatIamnotabigfanofcomputergames.Iknowthatsomegames

canbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidss

pentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.Andpleasedon’ttellmethatcompetitivegamingisrealsportbecausei

trequireshand-eyecoordination.AccordingtomyAmericanHeritageDictionary,asportis“anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskill.”Idon’tthinkan

yoneworksupmuchofasweatplayingvideogames.Toooften,regularsportssendkidsakindofmessage.Competitionstartsearly,whenlotsofkidsarenotreadyfortheupsanddo

wnsofgames.Tryoutsandtravelteamscomenext,givingtoomanykidsthemessagetheyare“notgood”atsports.Solotsofkidsquitsportsandstartplayingmorevideogam

es.Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofrealsports

.8．Whatare“e-sports”accordingtothetext?A．Sportseventsontelevisionscreens.B．Videocomputergamecompetitions.C．Thelate

stsportsintheOlympicGames.D．Easysportsgamesforkids.9．Whatmighttheauthorthinkof“e-sports”?A．Theyarenotinstructive.B．Theysho

uldbebannedinschool.C．Theyneedtoomuchtimeandmoney.D．Theyhavesomenegativeinfluenceonchildren.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exerti

on”inParagraph5mean?A．Growth.B．Fitness.C．Effort.D．Energy.11．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroduc

eanewkindofsport.B．TointroduceacompetitionheldinBeijing.C．Toexplaintheimportanceofplayingsports.D．Tocall

onpeopletopaymoreattentiontotraditionalsports.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．D【解析】本文是议论文。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。8

．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenast

owatchtheactionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.可知，在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。由此可知，电子竞

技是电脑游戏的比赛。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithi

nkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在

屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)及第五段中的Idon’tthinkanyoneworksupmuchofasweatplayingvideogames.(我认

为没有人会在玩电子游戏时大汗淋漓)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofre

alsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响。故选D。10．词义猜测题。此处是作者从美国传统辞典上查阅的关于运动的定义，anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertio

nandskill.划线词语由physical修饰，结合常识和下句muchofasweat可知，此处指体力活动，身体的努力。与选项中的Effort同义。故选C。11．推理判断题。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。根据第四段中

的Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮

球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvanta

gesofrealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可知，作者呼吁人们应该更多地关注传统体育。故选D。6.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）Ifyouarereadingthis,youwereprob

ablyborninthe2000s.Theoh-ohs.The21stcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodoubtsmart

.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthescreeninfr

ontofyouthantheworldaroundyou.Theythinkofyouasthe“face-downgeneration”becauseyouuseyourphonesomuchandthe

ywonderhowyouwilldealwithschool,friends,andfamily.Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobec

omesuccessfulinreallife—or“IRL”,asyouwouldsay?Otheradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoiltanddon’twanttof

acethechallengesofadultlife.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby“helicopterparents",whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelptheirchildrenwith

abusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.Withparentswhodoeve

rythingforthem,today’syouthseemtoprefertoliveliketeenagersevenwhentheyareintheir20sor30s.Withthesetakenintoaccount,

doesthefacedowngenerationneedawarning?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.T

heyseemtobeenthusiasticandwillingtobebecomeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertohelptheircommunities.Therearealsobraveyoungp

eoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014NobelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstogotoschool.Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-o

hs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture.Thingsarelookingupfortheface-downgeneration.Chancesarethatyou

willdoGR8(great)andLOL(laughoutloud).12．Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribetheoh-ohs?A．Creative.B．Caring.C．

Ignorant.D．Intelligent.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“helicopterparents”inParagraph3mean?A．parentswhoarerichandtravelbyhelicopter.B．parentswhoalw

ayswatchovertheirchildren.C．parentswhohaveaverybusyschedule.D．parentswhoonlyturnupwhennecessary.14．Whatcan

welearnfromthepassage?A．Thewriterisamemberoftheface-downgeneration.B．Thewriterisoptimisticaboutthefutureo

ftheoh-ohs.C．Theoh-ohsaremoregood-lookingthantheirparents.D．Theoh-ohscareaboutnothingotherthantheirphones.15．Whatcanbeabesttitleforthepas

sage?A．The“helicopterparents”B．Theover-worriedparentsC．ThespoiledgenerationD．Theface-downgeneration【答案】12．C13．B14．B15．D【解析】本文是一篇议论

文，论述了成年人对于00后的担忧。作者认为00后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他人，对他们的未来充满了希望。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,g

lobal,andnodoubtsmart.”以及第四段中“Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertohelptheircommunities.”可知，作者认为00后有创造力、

聪明、关爱他人。文中没有关于00后ignorant的描述。故选C项。13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中关于helicopterparents后定语从句的描述“…whowerealwaystheretoguideandh

elptheirchildrenwithabusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.”可知，“直升机父母”是指总是在那里指导和帮助他们的孩子，让孩子的日程安排

充满了家庭作业和课后活动。从guideandhelp可知，“直升机父母”是总是监管孩子的父母。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture.”可知，

作者认为00后的未来充满了希望。作者对00后的未来还是很乐观的。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句提出“Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?”，下文论述了成年人对于00后的种种担忧，认为他们经常使用手机，称他

们是“脸朝下”的一代，也担心“直升机父母”将他们宠坏了。作者认为00后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他们，对他们的未来充满希望。因此文章是讨论关于00后的不同的看法。故选D项。7.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高

三模拟）Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbe

dnoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotth

edifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalop

ponents.Chancesareyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlangua

ge,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswere

originallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnoun

s.Eventhoughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefort

heuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasi

milarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartot

hem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarether

eanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifi

t’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,style

issubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocesses

thatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.12．Whatcanwelearnab

outtheverbingofnouns?A．Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B．Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C．Ithas

n’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D．Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice13．Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepra

cticeoftheverbingofnouns?A．Cautious.B．Satisfied.C．Disappointed.D．Unconcerned.14．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbing

ofnouns?A．Predictable.B．Practicable.C．Approaching.D．Impossible.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Are40Percentofal

lnewverbsfromnouns？B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesfor

Verbing?【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东

西。文章就此展开了讨论。12．推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名

词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和TheChic

agoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家

持谨慎的态度。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,for

getit.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名

词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medalin

g来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。8.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）Throughouthistory,musicspreadamongpeopleofdifferentculture

s.Intoday'stechnologicaladvancedsociety,however,peoplespreadmusiconline,sometimeswithoutanartist'spermission.Thiscanleadtomanyprob

lems,andmusiccompaniesarenowcrackingdownonthispractice.Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft.Sharingmusico

nlinepreventsrecordingcompaniesfrommakingmoneyfromtheirefforts.Theysaythatsharingmusiconlinehasresultedinahugedropinp

rofitsandsalesoverthepast10years.PeoplewhofindmusicforfreeonlinearenotpayingforCDsoreveryMP3downloaded.Totrulyunderstandtheinfl

uenceofmusicpiracyoncreators,onemustunderstandhowmanypeopleareinvolvedintherecordingprocess.Forthesaleofeachalbum,profitsmustbesharedbetweenmu

sicians,soundengineers,musicproducers,managers,advertisers,andthecompanysellingtheproduct.Manypeoplebelieve

sharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforallcompaniesinvolved.Therea

remanypeoplewhodon'tseetheharminsharingmusiconlineandeventhinktheyhavetherighttodoit.Oneonlinebloggerstatesthatheoriginal

lypaidforanentireCDandthatheshouldbeabletodowiththematerialwhateverhewants.Whilehemayhavelegallypaidforthemusic,hedoesnothavetheri

ghttoprovidepermission,whichmeanspeoplelikethebloggerarethieves.Althoughwedon'tspreadtoday'smusicthesamewaywedidbefore,there'snodoubttha

tpeoplearoundtheworldlovetosharemusic.However,internetpiracywouldpreventmusiciansfromcontinuingproducingalbumsforfearoftheft.Therefore,ifpeoplewantt

ocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinueth

eirmusiccareers.28．Theunderlinedphrase“crackingdownon”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A．bringingupcarefullyB．speakinghighlyofC．dealingseriou

slywithD．destroyingcompletely29．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A．sharingmusicfilesonlineaffectsalotofpeopleB．artistsaretakingac

tiontoprotecttheirrightC．onlinemusicsharingincreasessalesofmusicCDD．apersonwhoboughtaCDhastherighttoshareitonlinewithothers30．Howisthetextorganized?

A．Topic-Argument-Explanation.B．Introduction-Supportingstatements-Conclusion.C．Mainidea-Comparison-Supportingstatem

ents.D．Opinion-Discussion-Description.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmusicpiracy?A．Indifferent.B．Favorable.C．Disap

proval.D．Skeptical.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为应该拒绝盗版音乐。因为未经许可的在网上分享音乐是盗窃，这样损害了音乐制作者、创作者和销售者

等的利益。28．词句猜测题。前文“Thiscanleadtomanyproblems”说这会导致很多问题，后文“Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft.”说没有允许的在网上分享音乐是偷窃，这两个部分都说明不应该支持网上分享音乐，因此如果有这

样的行为就应该严肃处理，由此可以猜出crackingdownonthispractice是严肃处理这种行为的意思，故选C。29．推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,butthe

realityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforallcompaniesinvolved.”可知。很多人认为分享音乐只影响唱片艺术家，但事实是分享损害了所有涉及到的公司的生意。因此推断分享网上音乐影响

很多人。故选A。30．推理判断题。由第一段“Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft.”可知文章的论点是“网上分享音乐是盗窃行为”；由第二段“Manypeoplebelievesharingmusic

onlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforallcompaniesinvolved.”可知，网上音乐影响了很

多人，是论据；由最后一段“Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswill

makeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.”可知，作者反对网上分享音乐，是结论。因此文章的结构是论点——论据——结论。故选B。31．推理判断题。由最后一段“Therefor

e,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocont

inuetheirmusiccareers.”可知，如果人们想继续听他们喜欢的艺术家，他们需要买他们的音乐，以便于艺术家有足够的利润继续他们的艺术事业。由此可以看出作者对盗版音乐持反对态度。故选C。