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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfultootherpeopleinthehouse.

Thenewlaw,FamilyProtectionandDevelopmentPromotionAct,wasinitiated(启动)bytheMinistryofSocialDevelopmentandHuman

SecurityandwasannouncedintheRoyalGazetteonMay22,2019.Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingunderthesamero

of.Inthatcase,itwillbeconsideredas“domesticviolence".ThenewlawcameintoforceonAugust20.Accordingtothecenterforresearchandknowledgemanagementfortobacco

control,attheFacultyofMedicalScienceofMahidolUniversity,thereareabout4.9millionhouseholdswhereoneormorefamilymembers

smoke.Anaverageof10.3millionpeoplehaveunwittingly(不知不觉地)becomepassivesmokersbecausethey'vebeenbreathinginsmokeathome.Scientificstudiesshowthatpassive

smokersarealgreaterriskofbeingaffectedbycancer.Of75childpatientsfromhouseswheresmokingispracticed,76%ofthemwerefoundtohaveni

cotinetracesintheirurine,with43%ofthemhavingnicotinecontentexceedingpermissiblelevels.Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysical

oremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisa.lackofsmoking,andmightaswellruinrelationshipsbetweensmokersan

dnon-smokerfamilymembers.Accordingtothenewlaw,anyonewhothinkstheyareaffectedbydomesticsmokingcanrepor

ttoofficialsconcernedsothatinspectorswillbesenttoinvestigateandtakelegalactionagainstthesmokers.Onceconvicted,thecourt

mayorderapersontoreceivetreatmenttoquitsmokinginanattempttoprotecttheperson'sfamily.InFebruaryin2019

,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.8．WhatisthefactaboutthenewlawinTha

iland?A．Itmakesitclearthatsmokingathomeisacrime.B．I’salawonprotectingthehealthofnon-smokers.C．Itwasdraftedandadoptedbytheroyal

family.D．Itclassifiessmokingasaformofdomesticviolence.9．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“curbing”in

Paragraph3?A．Treating.B．Changing.C．Improving.D．Controlling.10．WhatisNOTtheevilconsequenceofsmokingathome?A．Itmayincreasetheriskofcancerinp

assivesmokers.B．Itwillprobablycausephysicaloremotionalviolence.C．Itwillmakethesmokersbecomemoreaggressive.D．Itmaylead10disharm

onyinfamilyrelations.11．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A．SmokingisillegalanywhereinThailand.B．Smokersarele

sslikely10developcancerthannon-smokers.C．PeoplewhosmokeathomeinThailandwillbesenttoprison.D．Thailandiscommittedtocreatingasmoke-freeenvironment.【答案

】8．D9．D10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了泰国新法旨在抑制在家中吸烟，并致力于创造一个无烟的环境。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,if

thesmokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为吸烟是有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪，故选D。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingat

homewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingunderthesameroof.”可知，该法律旨在限制在家中吸烟，因为吸烟可能会危害同屋檐下的其他人的健康。所以curbi

ng指的是控制，限制，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第七段中“Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisalackofsm

oking”可知，在家吸烟也“可能导致身体或情绪暴力”，因为在不吸烟的情况下，人们会表现出攻击性。C.Itwillmakethesmokersbecomemoreaggressive.意思为在家吸烟会使吸烟者变得更有攻击性。与原文意思不符，故选C

。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为

吸烟是有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪；再根据最后一段“InFebruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.”2

019年2月，泰国在6个机场禁止吸烟，并禁止在公共场所吸烟。综上可以推断出，泰国致力于创造无烟的环境。故选D。2.（2020届福建省泉州市高三第一次质检）Almosteverycommunityhassom

eformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon'tlikeru

le-breakingisbecausefairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Scientistshavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwayw

henwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespond

withnegativefeelings.Thestudyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessisoneofbasich

umanneeds.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,people

almostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonem

ustfollow.Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehave,andcanbeinternal(内在的)orexternal.Internal

controlscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon'tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftis

unfairandwrong.Wealsodon'twanttodisappointourfamilyandfriends.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconfli

ct.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Rewards,suchasjobpromotionsandpraise,aredesignedtoencourag

epeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenim

prisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity'sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Iftherewerenorules,mostpeopl

ewouldprobablystillbehavepositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikel

ytoexist.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword''this''inparagraph2referto?A．Aprograminhumanbrains.B．Acomfortablesituation.C．Theresponsewithbadfeelings

.D．Therequirementofffairness.13．Whydocommunitieshaverules?A．Topunishillegalactivities.B．Topreventdisagreement.C．Topromotefairness.D．Tomeetvariou

sdemands.14．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalcontrol?A．TakeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshamefulB．Parkintherightplacesoasnottoget

aparkingticket.C．Paytheelectricitybillontimeinordernottogetalatefee.D．Cooperatewithyourclassmatestowinaprizeforyourclass.15．W

hatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．LivingbytherulesB．WhycommunitiesneedrulesC．ReachingacompromiseD．Howfairnessfunctions【答案】12．C13．C14．A15．A【解析】这是

一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。12．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstoresp

ondwithnegativefeelings.Thestudyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.可知，一个不公平的情况会让我们感到舒适甚至开心，但是不公平会让我们的大脑产生负面情绪。他们的

研究发现，当受到不公平待遇时，这种情况就会发生。根据句意可知this指代上文提到的“大脑会产生负面情绪”。C.Theresponsewithbadfeelings.(负面情绪的反应)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的Regardless

ofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhentherear

econflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.(尽管有分歧，人们总是需要妥协的。但是，当存在利益冲突时，很难达成妥协。这就是为什么社

区有每个人都必须遵守的规则)可知，社区设立规则的目的是让人们能够达成妥协，即促进公平。C.Topromotefairness.(促进公平)符合以上说法，故选C项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段的Internalcontrolscomefromwithina

ndarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.可知，我们的内部控制基于我们的价值观和恐惧，使我们不做

出引起冲突的行为。A.Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshameful(诚实地参加考试，因为作弊是无耻的)是和我们的价值观相关，属于内部控制，故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Almost

everycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.(几乎每一个社区都有某种形式的规则，和某种执行他们的方式)和最后一段的Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikely

toexist.(这就是为什么一个没有规则的社会是不可能的)可知，本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。A.Livingbytherules(按规则生活)可以作为本文的标题，故选A项。3.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Inge

neral,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.TheycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicsthandidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebestoftheancienteng

ineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,r

oads,andpublicbuildings.Theyknewaboutthesmeltingofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears,swords,andshield

s,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Becauseofth

eirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.Therearetworeason

sfortheRomanneglectofphilosophyandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthemintoarapidlygro

wingempiretowastemuchtimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicappedbytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.(TrytomultiplyXIbyLVIIortodivideCXLI

IIbyIX;itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.)TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmeticonanabacus,theancient

counterpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.8．TheauthorcallstheRomans“practical"becausethey_____

___.A．theydidn'tcareaboutphilosophyB．theyjustlearnedfromGreekgeometryC．theyappliedwhattheylearnedtoconstructionD．theythoughtlittleoftheoreti

calscientificthinking9．Accordingtothepassage,theRomansexcelledin________.A．smeltingironoreB．engineeringandarchitectur

eC．improvingGreekweaponsD．producingspears,swords,andshields10．Theunderlinedword“counterpart"inthelastparagraphmeans________.A．equivale

ntB．calculatorC．appearanceD．partner11．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．whyRomansignoredmathematicsB．Roma

ns'discouragingnumbersystemC．howRomansaccomplishedpracticalwondersD．Romanswhoneglectedtheoreticalthought【答案】8．C9．B10．A

11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要对罗马人为什么很少进行理论科学思考，并陈述了其中两个原因：忙于征服其它国家；他们的数字系统过于僵化。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段的TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigon

ometry,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,andpublicbuildings.(他们是希腊几何和三角学

的杰出学生，他们把所学的知识用到桥梁、公路和公共建筑上)可推测，作者认为古罗马人实际，是因为他们把所学知识运用到了实际生活中——建筑。C.theyappliedwhattheylearnedtoconstruction(他们把所学知

识运用到建筑中)符合以上推测。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.(罗马人是古代最好的工程师和建筑师)可知，故

罗马人擅长工程和建筑。B.engineeringandarchitecture.(工程和建筑)符合以上说法。故选B项。10．词意猜题题。根据划线部分所在句子TheRomansdidalloftheira

rithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.可知，罗马人用算盘做算数，古代的算盘counterpart现代的计算机。算盘和计算机都是用来计算的，由此推测

划线部分的意思是“等同于”。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.(尽管罗马人创造了许多使用

的奇迹，但是他们却很少进行理论上的科学思考)可知，古罗马人是实用主义，他们极少进行理论科学思考。D.Romanswhoneglectedtheoreticalthought.(忽略理论思考的罗马人)符合以上说法。故选D项。4.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Youknowyouhavet

oread"betweenthelines"togetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthec

ourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto“writebetweenthelines."Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficientkin

dofreading.Iinsist,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofdamagebutoflove.Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.The

firstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythefirststeptopossession.

Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Iamarguingthatbooksmustbeabsorbedinyourbl

oodstreamtodoyouanygood.Whyismarkingupabooknecessarytoreading?First,itkeepsyouawake.(AndIdon'tmeanonlyconscious;Imeanwideawake.)Inthesecond

place,reading,ifitisactive,isthinkingandthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritten.Themarkedbookisusuallythethou

ght-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.But,youmayask,whyiswritingnecessary?Well,thephy

sicalactofwriting,withyourownhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimporta

ntwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andthequestionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind,istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.I

freadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.Youcan'tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesinabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhaty

ouhaveread.Thebooksyoureadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxation,andnothingislost.Anordinarypieceoflightfiction,like"Gonewitht

heWind,"doesn'trequirethemostactivekindofreading,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthestoryof

DavidCopperfield.Youmayalsosaythatthisbusinessofmarkingbooksisgoingtoslowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneofthereasonsford

oingit.Mostofushavebeentakeninbythenotionthatspeedofreadingisameasureofourintelligence.Thereisnosuchthingsastherightspeedforintelligentreading.

Somethingsshouldbereadquicklyandeffortlessly,andsomeshouldbereadslowlyandevenlaboriously.Thesignofintelligenceinreadingistheabilitytoread

differentthingsdifferentlyaccordingtotheirworth.Inthecaseofgoodbooks,thepointisnottoseehowmanyofthemyoucangetthrough,butratherhowmanycangetthrough

you—howmanyyoucanmakeyourown.Afewfriendsarebetterthanathousandacquaintances.Ifthisbeyouraim,asitshoul

dbe,youwillnotbeimpatientifittakesmoretimeandefforttoreadagreatbookthanitdoesanewspaper.12．Fullownershipofabookdoesnotoccuruntil________.A．itispurch

asedB．itisreadbetweenthelinesC．itiswrittenbetweenthelinesD．itisworn,shakenandloosened13．Themainadvantageofmarkingup

abookis________.A．tokeepyoufromfeelingsleepyB．toshowthatyouareabsorbedinreadingC．tomakeyourselfconscio

usthatyouarereadingactivelyD．tomakeyourselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandingpossible14．Theauthormostprobablyagreesthat___

_____.A．GonewiththeWindandDavidCopperfieldarenotthought-throughbooksB．MarkingabookcanhelppreserveyourquestionsaboutwhatisreadC．Readingwillbe

nefitusmoreifitisdoneactivelyD．Intelligentpeopleusuallyreadquicklyanddifferently15．Thepurposeofthispassageis________.A．totellthereader

showtoreaddifferentbooksB．toencouragethereaderstoreadslowlybutactivelyC．toarguethatthereadersshouldreadbetweenlinesD．

tointroducewaystomarkupabookwhilereading【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了给一本书做标记的好处：可以让书中的思想成为自

己的一部分。12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofiti

sbywritinginit.(只有你让它成为你自己的一部分，你才能完全拥有一本书，而最好的方法就是通过在上面做标记)可知，通过在字里行间做标记，才能真正拥有一本书。C.itiswrittenbetweenthelines

(在字里行间做笔记)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyoureme

mberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.(有记号的书通常都是经过深思熟虑的书。最后，做笔记帮助你记住你的想法，或作者表达的想法)可知，在书上做笔记的优势是：更加理解这本书，并且让自己成为

其中的一部分。D.tomakeyourselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandingpossible.(让你自己成为书的一部分，让进一步的理解变得可能)符合以上说法，故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Anordinarypieceoflight

fiction,like"GonewiththeWind,"doesn'trequirethemostactivekindofreading,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayy

ouabsorbthestoryofDavidCopperfield.(一部普通的轻松小说，比如乱世佳人，不需要积极的阅读，你也不用像理解约翰.杜威的思想那样去理解大卫科波菲尔)可知作者认为乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不需要积极的去阅读，故推测

作者认为他们不是深思熟虑的书。A.GonewiththeWindandDavidCopperfieldarenotthought-throughbooks.(乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不是深思熟虑的书)符合以上推测，故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据文

章倒数第二段的Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.(如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那么它必须是积极的。)Youmayalsosaythatthisbu

sinessofmarkingbooksisgoingtoslowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneofthereasonsfordoingit.(你可能还会

说，在书上做标记会减慢你的阅读速度。也许会吧，这就是要慢读的原因之一)可推测，作者写本的目的是鼓励读者积极地，慢慢地阅读。B.toencouragethereaderstoreadslowlybutactively.(鼓励读者慢且积极的阅读)符合以上说法，故选B项。5.（2020

届河南省六市第一次模拟）Althoughthereisgrowingresearchintothenegativeeffectthatscreen-basedtechnologycanhaveonwell-being(健康),thetrick

technologycompanieshavesomehowplayedisthattheyhavemadeitourproblem,nottheirs.Forexample,itisridiculousth

atweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddictedtotheirappswhenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Intheworldofapps,addict

ioniswhatbringsinmoney.Whetheryourunavideoservice,anewssiteoramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhaveaneffectonthementalhealthofyouruse

rs-negativeorpositive.Butthesadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.Thereasonwhysomuchtechnologydoesn’tsupport

well-beingwasnoconsiderationinitsdesign.Animportantareaforimprovementisnotifications(通知).Notificationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’

sgreatfortheproductbutbadfortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedbuttheyalsocauseanxietyaboutthethi

ngswe’vemissed,asymptomofaddiction.Thereisverylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱图标)showingabrightredcircle

withahighnumberonit.Notificationscanbemadefriendlierbynotshowingtheminrealtime.Oneideaistoshowthelevelofunreadmessagesthroughtheweightoftheappnam

e.Soifyouhadlotsofemails,yourMailappwouldbeverybold(粗体的),butifyoudidn’thaveany,itwouldbelighter.Inthisway,lessattentionwillberequired.Thoughit

soundschallenging,finallymoneywilltalk.Itispossibletomakechangestoproductsthatdon’tdamagetheirprimaryinc

omemodels.Changescouldbemadethathelpusfeelbetteraboutourselves.Whenacompanybecomesmorewell-being-positive,

theyaddacompetitivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.32．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A．Youngpeoplec

anbetrickedeasily.B．Screen-basedtechnologyisnegative.C．Theaddictionproblemcan’tbesolved.D．Techcompaniesaretoblameforaddictio

n.33．Iftheusersdon’timprovetheeffectonwell-being,ittendstobe________.A．indifferentB．optimisticC．pessimisticD

．interesting34．Howcantheappsreducethenegativeeffectsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Byremovingtheinboxicon.B．Bylimitingpeople’sscreent

ime.C．Bymakingnotificationslesseye-catching.D．Byinformingtheusersofmessagesinnotime.35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofwell-being-positivecomp

anies?A．Theywillenjoythebenefitfinally.B．Theywillhaveanuncertainfuture.C．Theywilldogoodtotheminority.D．Theywi

llchangeincomemodels.【答案】32．D33．C34．C35．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。针对基于屏幕的技术可能会对用户的健康产生负面影响这个现象，作者指出要优化产品的设计并提出了一些改进的建议

。作者认为当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。32．推理判断题。根据第一段中Forexample,itisridiculousthatweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddi

ctedtotheirappswhenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Intheworldofapps,addictioniswhatbringsinmoney.例如，我们

责怪年轻人沉迷于他们的应用软件是荒谬的，而简单的事实是，软件的设计是让人上瘾的。在应用软件的世界里，上瘾能带来金钱。可知，科技公司是上瘾的罪魁祸首。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中Whetheryourunavide

oservice,anewssiteoramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhaveaneffectonthementalhealthofyourusers-negativeorposit

ive.Butthesadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.无论你运行的是视频服务、新闻网站还是手机游戏，你的产品肯定会对你的用户的心理健

康产生影响——无论是消极的还是积极的。但可悲的现实是，如果你不优化这种效果，它往往是前者。可知，如果使用者不改善对健康的影响，它往往是悲观的。故选C项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段中Notificationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’sg

reatfortheproductbutbadfortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedbuttheyalsocauseanxietyaboutthethingswe’vemi

ssed,asymptomofaddiction.Thereisverylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱图标)showingabrightredcirclewithahighnumber

onit.通知功能是一个很好的例子，它对产品有好处，但对用户有坏处，因为它不仅让我们注意力不集中，还会让我们对错过的东西感到焦虑，这是上瘾的症状。收件箱图标显示一个亮红色的圆圈，上面的数字很高，这没什么好处。可知，作者认为通过降低通知的醒目程度，应用软件可以减少负面影

响。故选C项。35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Whenacompanybecomesmorewell-being-positive,theyaddacompetitivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增

加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。可知，作者认为积极向上的公司最终会享受到好处。故选A项。6.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Thelatestsportscrazeisnotevenasport.Acco

rdingtoarecentarticle,“e-sports”areattractingalargenumberofaudience.Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergame

ssuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchtheactionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.Thegameshavegonewayp

astkidsplayingagainsteachotherwhilesittingonasofaathome.TheInternational,amajorcompetitionforplayersofDo

ta2,awarded$24millioninprizes,withthewinnertakinghomealmost$11million.Arecente-sportscompetitionattractedmorethan80

,000fanstotheOlympicStadiuminBeijing,China.IhavetoadmitthatIamnotabigfanofcomputergames.Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,butIthink

toomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingreal

sportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.Andpleasedon’ttellmethatcompetitivegamingisrealsportbecauseitrequireshand-eyecoordination

.AccordingtomyAmericanHeritageDictionary,asportis“anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskill.”Idon’tthinkanyoneworksupmuchofasweatplayi

ngvideogames.Toooften,regularsportssendkidsakindofmessage.Competitionstartsearly,whenlotsofkidsarenotreadyforth

eupsanddownsofgames.Tryoutsandtravelteamscomenext,givingtoomanykidsthemessagetheyare“notgood”atsports.Solotsofkidsquitsportsands

tartplayingmorevideogames.Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmorea

bouttheadvantagesofrealsports.8．Whatare“e-sports”accordingtothetext?A．Sportseventsontelevisionscreens.B

．Videocomputergamecompetitions.C．ThelatestsportsintheOlympicGames.D．Easysportsgamesforkids.9．Whatmighttheauthorthinkof“e-sports”?A．Th

eyarenotinstructive.B．Theyshouldbebannedinschool.C．Theyneedtoomuchtimeandmoney.D．Theyhavesomenegativeinfluenceonchildren.10．Whatdoe

stheunderlinedword“exertion”inParagraph5mean?A．Growth.B．Fitness.C．Effort.D．Energy.11．Whatistheauthor’spu

rposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroduceanewkindofsport.B．TointroduceacompetitionheldinBeijing.C．Toexplaintheimportanceofplayingsports.D．Tocallo

npeopletopaymoreattentiontotraditionalsports.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．D【解析】本文是议论文。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传

统体育。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchthea

ctionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.可知，在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。由此可知，电子竞技是电脑游戏的比赛。故选B。9．推理判断题。根

据第四段中的Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwould

bebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果

孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)及第五段中的Idon’tthinkanyoneworksupmuchofasweatplayingvideogames.(我认为没有人会在玩

电子游戏时大汗淋漓)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofr

ealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可推知，作者认为电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响。故选D。10．词义猜测题。此处是作者从美国传统辞典上查阅的关于运动的定义，anactivityinvolvingphysicalexerti

onandskill.划线词语由physical修饰，结合常识和下句muchofasweat可知，此处指体力活动，身体的努力。与选项中的Effort同义。故选C。11．推理判断题。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。根据第四段中的Ithinkitwouldbebetter

ifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真

正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofrealsports.

(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可知，作者呼吁人们应该更多地关注传统体育。故选D。6.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）Ifyouarereadingthis,youwer

eprobablyborninthe2000s.Theoh-ohs.The21stcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodou

btsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthescreeninfrontofyouthan

theworldaroundyou.Theythinkofyouasthe“face-downgeneration”becauseyouuseyourphonesomuchandtheywonderhowyouwilldealwithscho

ol,friends,andfamily.Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobecomesuccessfulinreallife—or“IRL”,asyouwouldsay?Ot

heradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoiltanddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swere

raisedby“helicopterparents",whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelptheirchildrenwithabusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiess

uchasdancing,drawing,orsports.Withparentswhodoeverythingforthem,today’syouthseemtoprefertoliveliketeenagersevenwhentheyare

intheir20sor30s.Withthesetakenintoaccount,doesthefacedowngenerationneedawarning?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettere

ducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.Theyseemtobeenthusiasticandwillingtobebecomeleaders.Moreyoungpeopleth

anevervolunteertohelptheircommunities.TherearealsobraveyoungpeoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014N

obelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstogotoschool.Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture

.Thingsarelookingupfortheface-downgeneration.ChancesarethatyouwilldoGR8(great)andLOL(laughoutloud).12．Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeused

todescribetheoh-ohs?A．Creative.B．Caring.C．Ignorant.D．Intelligent.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“helicopterparents”inParagra

ph3mean?A．parentswhoarerichandtravelbyhelicopter.B．parentswhoalwayswatchovertheirchildren.C．parentswhohaveaverybusyschedule.D．parentswhoon

lyturnupwhennecessary.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thewriterisamemberoftheface-downgeneration.B．Thewriterisoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheo

h-ohs.C．Theoh-ohsaremoregood-lookingthantheirparents.D．Theoh-ohscareaboutnothingotherthantheirphones.15．Whatcanbeabesttitleforthepassage?A．

The“helicopterparents”B．Theover-worriedparentsC．ThespoiledgenerationD．Theface-downgeneration【答案】12．C13．B14．

B15．D【解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了成年人对于00后的担忧。作者认为00后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他人，对他们的未来充满了希望。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,

andnodoubtsmart.”以及第四段中“Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertohelptheircommunities.”可知，作者认为00后有创造力、聪明、关爱他人。文中没有关于

00后ignorant的描述。故选C项。13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中关于helicopterparents后定语从句的描述“…whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelptheirchildrenwithabusyschedul

efilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.”可知，“直升机父母”是指总是在那里指导和帮助他们的孩子，让孩子的日程安排充满

了家庭作业和课后活动。从guideandhelp可知，“直升机父母”是总是监管孩子的父母。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture.”可知，

作者认为00后的未来充满了希望。作者对00后的未来还是很乐观的。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句提出“Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?”，下文论述了成年人对

于00后的种种担忧，认为他们经常使用手机，称他们是“脸朝下”的一代，也担心“直升机父母”将他们宠坏了。作者认为00后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他们，对他们的未来充满希望。因此文章是讨论关于00后的不

同的看法。故选D项。7.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”iscl

earlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwas

easytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponen

ts.Chancesareyoudidn’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,

”saysPatriciaO’Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishver

bswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(

转化)isquiteuniversal,plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—the

BiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallareb

ad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeople

objecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythetho

ughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’tofferarule,butsu

ggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescriptivebutnotsilly-soun

ding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarfor

centuries;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendver

bingaltogether,forgetit.12．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A．Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B．Itismorecomm

onlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C．Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D．Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice13．Whatismostleadingexpe

rts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A．Cautious.B．Satisfied.C．Disappointed.D．Unconcerned.14．Whatdoestheauthor

thinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A．Predictable.B．Practicable.C．Approaching.D．Impossible.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthe

text?A．Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortableaboutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【答案

】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，

因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。12．推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.（自1900年以来，大约

40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但

所有的都是可疑的）和TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词

）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forget

it.（并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家估计20%的英

语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用文章中的名词动用

的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。8.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）Throughouthistory,musicsprea

damongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Intoday'stechnologicaladvancedsociety,however,peoplespreadmusiconline,sometimeswith

outanartist'spermission.Thiscanleadtomanyproblems,andmusiccompaniesarenowcrackingdownonthispractice.Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionisthe

ft.Sharingmusiconlinepreventsrecordingcompaniesfrommakingmoneyfromtheirefforts.Theysaythatsharingmusiconlinehasresul

tedinahugedropinprofitsandsalesoverthepast10years.PeoplewhofindmusicforfreeonlinearenotpayingforCDsoreveryMP3downloaded.Totrulyunderstan

dtheinfluenceofmusicpiracyoncreators,onemustunderstandhowmanypeopleareinvolvedintherecordingprocess.Forthesaleof

eachalbum,profitsmustbesharedbetweenmusicians,soundengineers,musicproducers,managers,advertisers,andthecompanysellingtheproduct.Man

ypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforallcompaniesinvolve

d.Therearemanypeoplewhodon'tseetheharminsharingmusiconlineandeventhinktheyhavetherighttodoit.Oneonlinebloggerstatesthatheoriginallypaidforanentire

CDandthatheshouldbeabletodowiththematerialwhateverhewants.Whilehemayhavelegallypaidforthemusic,hedoesnothavetherighttoprovidepermission,whichmea

nspeoplelikethebloggerarethieves.Althoughwedon'tspreadtoday'smusicthesamewaywedidbefore,there'snodoubtthatpeoplearoundtheworldlovetosharemusic.H

owever,internetpiracywouldpreventmusiciansfromcontinuingproducingalbumsforfearoftheft.Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteni

ngtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccaree

rs.28．Theunderlinedphrase“crackingdownon”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A．bringingupcarefullyB．speakinghighlyofC．dealingser

iouslywithD．destroyingcompletely29．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A．sharingmusicfilesonlineaffectsalotofpeopleB．artistsaretaking

actiontoprotecttheirrightC．onlinemusicsharingincreasessalesofmusicCDD．apersonwhoboughtaCDhastherightt

oshareitonlinewithothers30．Howisthetextorganized?A．Topic-Argument-Explanation.B．Introduction-Supportingstatements-Conclusion.C．Mainidea

-Comparison-Supportingstatements.D．Opinion-Discussion-Description.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmusicpiracy?A．Indiff

erent.B．Favorable.C．Disapproval.D．Skeptical.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为应该拒绝盗版音乐。因为未经许可的在网上分享音乐是盗窃，这样损害了音乐制作者、创作

者和销售者等的利益。28．词句猜测题。前文“Thiscanleadtomanyproblems”说这会导致很多问题，后文“Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft.”说没有允许的在网上分享音乐是偷窃，这两个部分都

说明不应该支持网上分享音乐，因此如果有这样的行为就应该严肃处理，由此可以猜出crackingdownonthispractice是严肃处理这种行为的意思，故选C。29．推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffec

tstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforallcompaniesinvolved.”可知。很多人认为分享音乐只影响唱片艺术家，但事实

是分享损害了所有涉及到的公司的生意。因此推断分享网上音乐影响很多人。故选A。30．推理判断题。由第一段“Sharingmusiconlinewithoutpermissionistheft.”可知文章的论点是“网上分享音乐是盗窃行为”；由第二段“Many

peoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusinessforall

companiesinvolved.”可知，网上音乐影响了很多人，是论据；由最后一段“Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuyt

heirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.”可知，作者反对网上分享音乐，是结论。因此文章的结构是论点——论据——结论。故选B。31．推理判断题。由最后一段“Theref

ore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.”可知，

如果人们想继续听他们喜欢的艺术家，他们需要买他们的音乐，以便于艺术家有足够的利润继续他们的艺术事业。由此可以看出作者对盗版音乐持反对态度。故选C。