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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfultoot

herpeopleinthehouse.Thenewlaw,FamilyProtectionandDevelopmentPromotionAct,wasinitiated(启动)bytheMinistryofSocia

lDevelopmentandHumanSecurityandwasannouncedintheRoyalGazetteonMay22,2019.Thelawaimsatcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers'he

althresidingunderthesameroof.Inthatcase,itwillbeconsideredas“domesticviolence".ThenewlawcameintoforceonAugust20.

Accordingtothecenterforresearchandknowledgemanagementfortobaccocontrol,attheFacultyofMedicalScienceofMahidolUn

iversity,thereareabout4.9millionhouseholdswhereoneormorefamilymemberssmoke.Anaverageof10.3millionpeople

haveunwittingly(不知不觉地)becomepassivesmokersbecausethey'vebeenbreathinginsmokeathome.Scientificstudiesshowthatpassivesmo

kersarealgreaterriskofbeingaffectedbycancer.Of75childpatientsfromhouseswheresmokingispracticed,76%ofthemw

erefoundtohavenicotinetracesintheirurine,with43%ofthemhavingnicotinecontentexceedingpermissiblelevels.Smokinga

thomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggressivenesswhenthereisa.lackofsmoking,andmightaswellruinrelationshipsbetweensmokersandno

n-smokerfamilymembers.Accordingtothenewlaw,anyonewhothinkstheyareaffectedbydomesticsmokingcanreporttoofficialsconcerned

sothatinspectorswillbesenttoinvestigateandtakelegalactionagainstthesmokers.Onceconvicted,thecourtmayorderapersontoreceivetreatmenttoquitsmok

inginanattempttoprotecttheperson'sfamily.InFebruaryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalong

withabaninpublicplaces.8．WhatisthefactaboutthenewlawinThailand?A．Itmakesitclearthatsmokingathomeisacrime.B．I’sala

wonprotectingthehealthofnon-smokers.C．Itwasdraftedandadoptedbytheroyalfamily.D．Itclassifiessmokingasaformofd

omesticviolence.9．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“curbing”inParagraph3?A．Treating.B．Changing.C．Improving.

D．Controlling.10．WhatisNOTtheevilconsequenceofsmokingathome?A．Itmayincreasetheriskofcancerinpassivesmokers.B

．Itwillprobablycausephysicaloremotionalviolence.C．Itwillmakethesmokersbecomemoreaggressive.D．Itmaylead10disharmonyinfamilyr

elations.11．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A．SmokingisillegalanywhereinThailand.B．Smokersarelesslikely10developcancerthanno

n-smokers.C．PeoplewhosmokeathomeinThailandwillbesenttoprison.D．Thailandiscommittedtocreatingasmoke-fr

eeenvironment.【答案】8．D9．D10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要描述了泰国新法旨在抑制在家中吸烟，并致力于创造一个无烟的环境。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsid

eredacrime,ifthesmokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为吸烟是有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪，故选D。9．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Thelawaim

satcurbingsmokingathomewhichmightbehazardousforothers'healthresidingunderthesameroof.”可知，该法律旨在限制在家中吸烟，因为吸烟可能会危害同屋檐下

的其他人的健康。所以curbing指的是控制，限制，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第七段中“Smokingathomealso“mayleadtophysicaloremotionalviolence”becauseofaggress

ivenesswhenthereisalackofsmoking”可知，在家吸烟也“可能导致身体或情绪暴力”，因为在不吸烟的情况下，人们会表现出攻击性。C.Itwillmakethesmokersbecomemore

aggressive.意思为在家吸烟会使吸烟者变得更有攻击性。与原文意思不符，故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第一段中“SmokinginyourownhomeinThailandmaynowbeconsideredacrime,ifthe

smokeisconsideredharmfulto.otherpeopleinthehouse.”可知，如果家庭中其他人认为吸烟是有害的，那么吸烟者的行为会被认定为一种家庭暴力的犯罪；再根据最后一段“InFebrua

ryin2019,Thailandhadbannedsmokingatsixofitsairportsalongwithabaninpublicplaces.”2019年2月，泰国在6个机场禁止吸烟，并禁止在公共场所吸烟。综上可以推断出，泰国致力于创造无烟的环境。故选D。2.

（2020届福建省泉州市高三第一次质检）Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofenforcingthem.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesugg

estedthatthereasonwedon'tlikerule-breakingisbecausefairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Scientistshavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularway

whenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefeelings.Thest

udyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.Theyconcludedthatfairnessisoneofbasichumanneeds

.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peop

lealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitiesh

averulesthateveryonemustfollow.Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluenceth

ewaywebehave,andcanbeinternal(内在的)orexternal.Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon'tsteal,forexample

,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwrong.Wealsodon'twanttodisappointourfamilyandfriends.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehav

inginwaysthatcauseconflict.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Rewards,suchasjobpromotionsan

dpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarras

sment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity'sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunc

tionsmoothly.Iftherewerenorules,mostpeoplewouldprobablystillbehavepositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot.Thisiswhyasoci

etywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword''this''inparagraph2referto?A．Aprograminhumanbrains.B．Acomfortablesituation.C．Ther

esponsewithbadfeelings.D．Therequirementofffairness.13．Whydocommunitieshaverules?A．Topunishillegalactivities.B．Topreventdisagree

ment.C．Topromotefairness.D．Tomeetvariousdemands.14．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofinternalcontrol?A．Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingissh

amefulB．Parkintherightplacesoasnottogetaparkingticket.C．Paytheelectricitybillontimeinordernottogetalatefee.D．Cooperatewithyou

rclassmatestowinaprizeforyourclass.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．LivingbytherulesB．Whycommunitiesneedrule

sC．ReachingacompromiseD．Howfairnessfunctions【答案】12．C13．C14．A15．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公

平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。12．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Afairsituationmakesusfeelcomfortableandevenhappy,butunfairnesscausesourbrainstorespondwithnegativefee

lings.Thestudyfoundthatthisasohappenedwhensubjectssawothersbeingtreatedunfairly.可知，一个不公平的情况会让我们感到舒适甚至开心，但是不公平会让我们的大脑产生负面情绪。他们的研究发现，当受到不公平待遇时，这种情

况就会发生。根据句意可知this指代上文提到的“大脑会产生负面情绪”。C.Theresponsewithbadfeelings.(负面情绪的反应)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalway

sneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromisewhenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemus

tfollow.(尽管有分歧，人们总是需要妥协的。但是，当存在利益冲突时，很难达成妥协。这就是为什么社区有每个人都必须遵守的规则)可知，社区设立规则的目的是让人们能够达成妥协，即促进公平。C.Topromote

fairness.(促进公平)符合以上说法，故选C项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段的Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Inoth

erwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.可知，我们的内部控制基于我们的价值观和恐惧，使我们不做出引起冲突的行

为。A.Takeexamshonestlybecausecheatingisshameful(诚实地参加考试，因为作弊是无耻的)是和我们的价值观相关，属于内部控制，故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Almosteverycommunityhassomeformofrulesan

dsomewayofenforcingthem.(几乎每一个社区都有某种形式的规则，和某种执行他们的方式)和最后一段的Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytoexist.(这就是为什么一个没有规则的社会

是不可能的)可知，本文主要讲述了人们生活的社区和社会都需要有规则来促进公平，如果没有规则社会就无法运行。A.Livingbytherules(按规则生活)可以作为本文的标题，故选A项。3.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Ingenera

l,theancientRomanswereapracticalpeople.TheycaredlessaboutphilosophyandpuremathematicsthandidtheGreeks.TheRomanswerethebe

stoftheancientengineersandarchitects.TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry,andtheyappliedtheirkno

wledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,andpublicbuildings.Theyknewaboutthesmeltingofironore,buttheyusedtheirontheyproducedmainlyforspears

,swords,andshields,ratherthanforbuildingconstruction.WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking.Beca

useoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.TherearetworeasonsfortheR

omanneglectofphilosophyandpuremathematics.First,theywereapparentlytoobusyconqueringnearbynationsandformingthe

mintoarapidlygrowingempiretowastemuchtimeonabstractthinking.Secondly,theywerehandicappedbytherigidityoftheirnumericalsystem.(Tryt

omultiplyXIbyLVIIortodivideCXLIIIbyIX;itsimplycannotbedonewithpencilandpaper.)TheRomansdidalloftheirarithmetico

nanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.Theirnumbersystemdiscouragedthestudyofpuremathematics.8．Theau

thorcallstheRomans“practical"becausethey________.A．theydidn'tcareaboutphilosophyB．theyjustlearnedfromGreekgeometryC．theyap

pliedwhattheylearnedtoconstructionD．theythoughtlittleoftheoreticalscientificthinking9．Accordingtothepassage,theRomansexcelledin________.A．smeltingiro

noreB．engineeringandarchitectureC．improvingGreekweaponsD．producingspears,swords,andshields10．Theunderlinedword“counterpart"inthelastparagrap

hmeans________.A．equivalentB．calculatorC．appearanceD．partner11．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．whyRomansig

noredmathematicsB．Romans'discouragingnumbersystemC．howRomansaccomplishedpracticalwondersD．Romanswhoneglecte

dtheoreticalthought【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要对罗马人为什么很少进行理论科学思考，并陈述了其中两个原因：忙于征服其它国家；他们的数字系统过于僵化。8．推理判断

题。根据文章第一段的TheywerebrilliantstudentsofGreekgeometryandtrigonometry,andtheyappliedtheirknowledgetotheconstructionoffinebridges,roads,andpublicbu

ildings.(他们是希腊几何和三角学的杰出学生，他们把所学的知识用到桥梁、公路和公共建筑上)可推测，作者认为古罗马人实际，是因为他们把所学知识运用到了实际生活中——建筑。C.theyappliedwhattheyle

arnedtoconstruction(他们把所学知识运用到建筑中)符合以上推测。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的TheRomanswerethebestoftheancientengineersandarchitects.(罗马人是古代最好的工

程师和建筑师)可知，故罗马人擅长工程和建筑。B.engineeringandarchitecture.(工程和建筑)符合以上说法。故选B项。10．词意猜题题。根据划线部分所在句子TheRomansdidallof

theirarithmeticonanabacus,theancientcounterpartofthemodemcomputingmachine.可知，罗马人用算盘做算数，古代的算盘counterpart现代的计算机。算盘和计算机都是用来计算的，由此推测划线部分的意思是“等同于”。故选A

项。11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的WhiletheRomansaccomplishedpracticalwonders,theydidverylittletheoreticalscientificthinking

.(尽管罗马人创造了许多使用的奇迹，但是他们却很少进行理论上的科学思考)可知，古罗马人是实用主义，他们极少进行理论科学思考。D.Romanswhoneglectedtheoreticalthought.(忽略理

论思考的罗马人)符合以上说法。故选D项。4.（2020届广东广雅中学高三适应性考试）Youknowyouhavetoread"betweenthelines"togetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosom

ethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto“writebetweenthelines."Unlessyoudo,youarenotlikelytodothemostef

ficientkindofreading.Iinsist,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofdamagebutoflove.Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thef

irstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit,justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythefirststeptopossession.Fullowne

rshipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Iamarguingthatbooksmustbeab

sorbedinyourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.Whyismarkingupabooknecessarytoreading?First,itkeepsyouawake.(AndIdon'tmeanonlyconscious;Imeanwideawake.)Inthese

condplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinkingandthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords,spokenorwritten.Themarkedbookisusuallythe

thought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.But,youmayask

,whyiswritingnecessary?Well,thephysicalactofwriting,withyourownhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharp

lybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread,andt

hequestionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind,istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmus

tbeactive.Youcan'tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesinabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Thebooksyoureadforpleasurecanbereadi

nastateofrelaxation,andnothingislost.Anordinarypieceoflightfiction,like"GonewiththeWind,"doesn'trequirethemostactivekindofreadi

ng,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthestoryofDavidCopperfield.Youmayalsosaythatthisbusinessofmar

kingbooksisgoingtoslowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneofthereasonsfordoingit.Mostofushavebeentakeninbytheno

tionthatspeedofreadingisameasureofourintelligence.Thereisnosuchthingsastherightspeedforintelligentreading.Somethingsshouldbereadquickl

yandeffortlessly,andsomeshouldbereadslowlyandevenlaboriously.Thesignofintelligenceinreadingistheabilitytoreaddifferentthingsdifferentlyaccordingtoth

eirworth.Inthecaseofgoodbooks,thepointisnottoseehowmanyofthemyoucangetthrough,butratherhowmanycangetthroughyou

—howmanyyoucanmakeyourown.Afewfriendsarebetterthanathousandacquaintances.Ifthisbeyouraim,asitshouldbe,youwillnotbeimpatien

tifittakesmoretimeandefforttoreadagreatbookthanitdoesanewspaper.12．Fullownershipofabookdoesnotoccuruntil________.A．itisp

urchasedB．itisreadbetweenthelinesC．itiswrittenbetweenthelinesD．itisworn,shakenandloosened13．Themainadvantageofmarkingupaboo

kis________.A．tokeepyoufromfeelingsleepyB．toshowthatyouareabsorbedinreadingC．tomakeyourselfconsciousthatyouarereadingac

tivelyD．tomakeyourselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandingpossible14．Theauthormostprobablyagreesthat________.A．GonewiththeWindand

DavidCopperfieldarenotthought-throughbooksB．MarkingabookcanhelppreserveyourquestionsaboutwhatisreadC．Readingwillb

enefitusmoreifitisdoneactivelyD．Intelligentpeopleusuallyreadquicklyanddifferently15．Thepurposeofthispassageis________.A．totellthereadersh

owtoreaddifferentbooksB．toencouragethereaderstoreadslowlybutactivelyC．toarguethatthereadersshouldreadbetweenlinesD．tointroducewaystomarkupabookwhiler

eading【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了给一本书做标记的好处：可以让书中的思想成为自己的一部分。12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的Fullownershipc

omesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.(只有你让它成为你自己的一部分，你才能完全拥有一本书，而

最好的方法就是通过在上面做标记)可知，通过在字里行间做标记，才能真正拥有一本书。C.itiswrittenbetweenthelines(在字里行间做笔记)符合以上说法，故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-th

roughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.(有记号的书通常都是经过深思熟虑的书。最后，做笔记帮助你记住你

的想法，或作者表达的想法)可知，在书上做笔记的优势是：更加理解这本书，并且让自己成为其中的一部分。D.tomakeyourselfapartofit,makingfurtherunderstandingpossible.(让你自己成为书的一部分，让

进一步的理解变得可能)符合以上说法，故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Anordinarypieceoflightfiction,like"GonewiththeWind,"doesn'trequir

ethemostactivekindofreading,andyoudon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthestoryofDavidCopperfield.(一部普通的轻松小说，

比如乱世佳人，不需要积极的阅读，你也不用像理解约翰.杜威的思想那样去理解大卫科波菲尔)可知作者认为乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不需要积极的去阅读，故推测作者认为他们不是深思熟虑的书。A.GonewiththeWindandDavidCopper

fieldarenotthought-throughbooks.(乱世佳人和大卫科波菲尔不是深思熟虑的书)符合以上推测，故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpa

ssingtime,itmustbeactive.(如果阅读的目的不仅仅是消磨时间，那么它必须是积极的。)Youmayalsosaythatthisbusinessofmarkingbooksisgoingtoslowupyourreading.Itprobablywill.That'soneo

fthereasonsfordoingit.(你可能还会说，在书上做标记会减慢你的阅读速度。也许会吧，这就是要慢读的原因之一)可推测，作者写本的目的是鼓励读者积极地，慢慢地阅读。B.toencourage

thereaderstoreadslowlybutactively.(鼓励读者慢且积极的阅读)符合以上说法，故选B项。5.（2020届河南省六市第一次模拟）Althoughthereisgrowingresearchintothenegativeeffectthatscreen-base

dtechnologycanhaveonwell-being(健康),thetricktechnologycompanieshavesomehowplayedisthattheyhavemadeitourproblem,nottheirs.Forexample,itisr

idiculousthatweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddictedtotheirappswhenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Int

heworldofapps,addictioniswhatbringsinmoney.Whetheryourunavideoservice,anewssiteoramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhavean

effectonthementalhealthofyourusers-negativeorpositive.Butthesadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.Thereason

whysomuchtechnologydoesn’tsupportwell-beingwasnoconsiderationinitsdesign.Animportantareaforimprovementisnotifications(通知).Notif

icationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’sgreatfortheproductbutbadfortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedb

uttheyalsocauseanxietyaboutthethingswe’vemissed,asymptomofaddiction.Thereisverylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱

图标)showingabrightredcirclewithahighnumberonit.Notificationscanbemadefriendlierbynotshowingtheminrealtime.Oneideaistoshowt

helevelofunreadmessagesthroughtheweightoftheappname.Soifyouhadlotsofemails,yourMailappwouldbeverybold(粗体的),butifyou

didn’thaveany,itwouldbelighter.Inthisway,lessattentionwillberequired.Thoughitsoundschallenging,final

lymoneywilltalk.Itispossibletomakechangestoproductsthatdon’tdamagetheirprimaryincomemodels.Changescouldbema

dethathelpusfeelbetteraboutourselves.Whenacompanybecomesmorewell-being-positive,theyaddacompetitivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.32．Whatcan

beconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A．Youngpeoplecanbetrickedeasily.B．Screen-basedtechnologyisnegative.C．Theaddictionpro

blemcan’tbesolved.D．Techcompaniesaretoblameforaddiction.33．Iftheusersdon’timprovetheeffectonwell-being,ittendstobe________.A．indifferentB．optimi

sticC．pessimisticD．interesting34．Howcantheappsreducethenegativeeffectsaccordingtotheauthor?A．Byremovingtheinboxicon.B．Byli

mitingpeople’sscreentime.C．Bymakingnotificationslesseye-catching.D．Byinformingtheusersofmessagesinnotime.35．Whatdoestheauthorthink

ofwell-being-positivecompanies?A．Theywillenjoythebenefitfinally.B．Theywillhaveanuncertainfuture.C．Theywil

ldogoodtotheminority.D．Theywillchangeincomemodels.【答案】32．D33．C34．C35．A【解析】这是一篇议论文。针对基于屏幕的技术可能会对用户的健康产生负面

影响这个现象，作者指出要优化产品的设计并提出了一些改进的建议。作者认为当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。32．推理判断题。根据第一段中Forexample,itisridiculousthatweblameyoungpeopleforbeingaddictedto

theirappswhenthesimpletruthisthattheyaredesignedtobeaddictive.Intheworldofapps,addictioniswhatbringsinmoney.例如，我们责怪年轻人沉迷于他们的应

用软件是荒谬的，而简单的事实是，软件的设计是让人上瘾的。在应用软件的世界里，上瘾能带来金钱。可知，科技公司是上瘾的罪魁祸首。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中Whetheryourunavideose

rvice,anewssiteoramobilegame,certainlyyourproductwillhaveaneffectonthementalhealthofyourusers-negativeorpositive.Butth

esadrealityisthatifyouarenotoptimizingthateffect,ittendstobeformer.无论你运行的是视频服务、新闻网站还是手机游戏，你的产品肯定会对你的用户的心理健康产生影响——无论是消极的还是积极的。但可悲的现实是，如果你不优

化这种效果，它往往是前者。可知，如果使用者不改善对健康的影响，它往往是悲观的。故选C项。34．推理判断题。根据第三段中Notificationsareagreatexampleofafeaturethat’

sgreatfortheproductbutbadfortheusers,sincenotonlydotheymakeuslessfocusedbuttheyalsocauseanxietyaboutthethingswe’vemissed,asympto

mofaddiction.Thereisverylittlegoodaboutaninboxicon(收件箱图标)showingabrightredcirclewithahighnumberonit.通知功能是一个很

好的例子，它对产品有好处，但对用户有坏处，因为它不仅让我们注意力不集中，还会让我们对错过的东西感到焦虑，这是上瘾的症状。收件箱图标显示一个亮红色的圆圈，上面的数字很高，这没什么好处。可知，作者认为通过降低通知的醒目程度，应用软件可以减少负面影

响。故选C项。35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Whenacompanybecomesmorewell-being-positive,theyaddacompetitivedifferenceandbecomemoreattractive.当一个公司变得更加积极乐观时，他们

会增加竞争的差异，变得更有吸引力。可知，作者认为积极向上的公司最终会享受到好处。故选A项。6.（2020届湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测）Thelatestsportscrazeisnotevenasport.Accordingtoa

recentarticle,“e-sports”areattractingalargenumberofaudience.Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2andOvenvatch.Fa

nsfillarenastowatchtheactionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.Thegameshavegonewaypastkidsplayingagainsteachotherwhilesittingonasofaa

thome.TheInternational,amajorcompetitionforplayersofDota2,awarded$24millioninprizes,withthewinnertakinghomeal

most$11million.Arecente-sportscompetitionattractedmorethan80,000fanstotheOlympicStadiuminBeijing,China.IhavetoadmitthatIamnotabigfa

nofcomputergames.Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,butIthinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreen

shootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssuchasbasketball,baseballand

soccer.Andpleasedon’ttellmethatcompetitivegamingisrealsportbecauseitrequireshand-eyecoordination.Accordingto

myAmericanHeritageDictionary,asportis“anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskill.”Idon’tthinkanyoneworksupm

uchofasweatplayingvideogames.Toooften,regularsportssendkidsakindofmessage.Competitionstartsearly,whenlotsofkidsarenotreadyf

ortheupsanddownsofgames.Tryoutsandtravelteamscomenext,givingtoomanykidsthemessagetheyare“notgood”atsports.Solotsofkidsquitsportsandstartplayin

gmorevideogames.Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofreal

sports.8．Whatare“e-sports”accordingtothetext?A．Sportseventsontelevisionscreens.B．Videocomputergamecompetitions

.C．ThelatestsportsintheOlympicGames.D．Easysportsgamesforkids.9．Whatmighttheauthorthinkof“e-sports”?A．Theyare

notinstructive.B．Theyshouldbebannedinschool.C．Theyneedtoomuchtimeandmoney.D．Theyhavesomenegativeinfluenceonchildren.10．What

doestheunderlinedword“exertion”inParagraph5mean?A．Growth.B．Fitness.C．Effort.D．Energy.11．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwrit

ingthetext?A．Tointroduceanewkindofsport.B．TointroduceacompetitionheldinBeijing.C．Toexplaintheimportanceo

fplayingsports.D．Tocallonpeopletopaymoreattentiontotraditionalsports.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．D【解析】本文是议论文。文中

作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。建议我们看到真正运动的好处，呼吁人们更多地关注传统体育。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Ine-sports,playersandteamscompeteinpopularvideocomputergamessuchasDota2an

dOvenvatch.Fansfillarenastowatchtheactionliveonhugetelevisionscreens.可知，在电子竞技中，玩家和团队在Dota2和Ovenvatch等流行的

电子游戏中竞争。粉丝们挤满了球场，在巨大的电视屏幕上观看现场直播。由此可知，电子竞技是电脑游戏的比赛。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Iknowthatsomegamescanbeeducational,but

Ithinktoomanykidsspendtoomuchtimesittinginfrontofascreenshootingspacealiens.Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealsportssucha

sbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我知道有些游戏是有教育意义的，但我认为太多的孩子花太多的时间坐在屏幕前射击外星人。我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)及第五段中的Id

on’tthinkanyoneworksupmuchofasweatplayingvideogames.(我认为没有人会在玩电子游戏时大汗淋漓)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryoneinyouthsports,includingcoaches,par

entsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofrealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好处)可推知，作者认为

电子竞技对孩子们造成了一些消极影响。故选D。10．词义猜测题。此处是作者从美国传统辞典上查阅的关于运动的定义，anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskill.划线词语由physical修饰，结合常识和下句muchofasweat可知

，此处指体力活动，身体的努力。与选项中的Effort同义。故选C。11．推理判断题。文中作者介绍了电子竞技受欢迎的现象，表达了对此现象的担忧。根据第四段中的Ithinkitwouldbebetterifkidsspentmoretimereadingorplayingrealspor

tssuchasbasketball,baseballandsoccer.(我认为如果孩子们能花更多的时间来阅读或玩真正的运动，比如篮球、棒球和足球，那就更好了)和最后一段中的Maybeeveryone

inyouthsports,includingcoaches,parentsandkids,shouldthinkmoreabouttheadvantagesofrealsports.(也许每个年轻人，包括教练、父母和孩子，都应该多想想体育运动的好

处)可知，作者呼吁人们应该更多地关注传统体育。故选D。6.（2020届江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考）Ifyouarereadingthis,youwereprobablyborninthe2000s.Theoh-ohs.The21stcentury

.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodoubtsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkabou

tyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthescreeninfrontofyouthantheworldaroundyou.Theythinkofyou

asthe“face-downgeneration”becauseyouuseyourphonesomuchandtheywonderhowyouwilldealwithschool,friends,andfamily.A

retoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobecomesuccessfulinreallife—or“IRL”,asyouwouldsay?Otheradultsworry

thattoday’syoutharespoiltanddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swerera

isedby“helicopterparents",whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelptheirchildrenwithabusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiessuchasdancing,draw

ing,orsports.Withparentswhodoeverythingforthem,today’syouthseemtoprefertoliveliketeenagersevenwhentheyareintheir20sor30s.Withthes

etakenintoaccount,doesthefacedowngenerationneedawarning?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’st

eenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.Theyseemtobeenthusiasticandwillingtobebecomeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertoh

elptheircommunities.TherearealsobraveyoungpeoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014NobelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstogotoschool.

Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture.Thingsarelookingupfortheface-downgeneration.ChancesarethatyouwilldoGR8(great)andLO

L(laughoutloud).12．Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribetheoh-ohs?A．Creative.B．Caring.C．Ignorant.D．Intelligent.

13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“helicopterparents”inParagraph3mean?A．parentswhoarerichandtravelbyhelicopte

r.B．parentswhoalwayswatchovertheirchildren.C．parentswhohaveaverybusyschedule.D．parentswhoonlyturnupwhennecessary.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A

．Thewriterisamemberoftheface-downgeneration.B．Thewriterisoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheoh-ohs.C．Theoh-ohsaremoregood-lookingth

antheirparents.D．Theoh-ohscareaboutnothingotherthantheirphones.15．Whatcanbeabesttitleforthepassage?A．The“helicopterpare

nts”B．Theover-worriedparentsC．ThespoiledgenerationD．Theface-downgeneration【答案】12．C13．B14．B15．D【解析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了成年人对于00后的担忧。作者认为00

后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他人，对他们的未来充满了希望。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodoubtsmart.”以及第四段中“Moreyoungpeoplethane

vervolunteertohelptheircommunities.”可知，作者认为00后有创造力、聪明、关爱他人。文中没有关于00后ignorant的描述。故选C项。13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中关于helicopterpare

nts后定语从句的描述“…whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelptheirchildrenwithabusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-classactivitiessuchasdanc

ing,drawing,orsports.”可知，“直升机父母”是指总是在那里指导和帮助他们的孩子，让孩子的日程安排充满了家庭作业和课后活动。从guideandhelp可知，“直升机父母”是总是监管孩子的父母。故选B项。

14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,therearereasonstobehopefulaboutthefuture.”可知，作者认为00后的未来充满了希望。作者对00后的未来还是很乐观的。故选B项。15．主旨大意题

。文章第一段最后一句提出“Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?”，下文论述了成年人对于00后的种种担忧，认为他们经常使用手机，称他们是“脸朝下”的一代，

也担心“直升机父母”将他们宠坏了。作者认为00后受过更好的教育和更有创造力，也能关爱他们，对他们的未来充满希望。因此文章是讨论关于00后的不同的看法。故选D项。7.（2020届辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三模拟）Whilemanyofusmayhavebeena

waysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe’ve“summered.”“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averb

ednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchatidydefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notso

inadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”bills,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudid

n’tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage,”saysPatriciaO’Conner,afor

mereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatethat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballi

ng.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal,plenty

ofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE.B．White,inTheElementsofStyle—theBiblefortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havet

histosay:“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualo

fStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyre

sistwhatisunfamiliartothem,”saysO’Conner.That’swhywe’recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethou

ghtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn’toff

erarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit’seasilyreplaceablebyanalreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit’sdescripti

vebutnotsilly-sounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.EasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforc

enturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English.”Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingt

oendverbingaltogether,forgetit.12．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A．Ithasn’trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammar

ians.B．Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C．Ithasn’tbeenararephenomenoninthepastcentury.D．Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingv

erbsinpractice13．Whatismostleadingexperts’attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A．Cautious.B．Satisfied.C．Disappointed.D．Uncon

cerned.14．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A．Predictable.B．Practicable.C．Approaching.D．Impossible.15．Whatisthebesttitl

eforthetext?A．Are40Percentofallnewverbsfromnouns？B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortablea

boutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，据专家

估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。12．推理判断题。根据第三段的Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefr

omnouns.（自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词）可知，我们知道在过去的一个世纪里，名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第四段的Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.（不是所有的都是坏的，但所有的都是可疑的）和Th

eChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.（《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点，建议作者小心使用动词）可知，对于名词动用的用法，大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。14．

推理判断题。根据最后一段的Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.（

并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用，但是想要完全停止动词的使用，还是算了吧）可知，作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的，故选D。15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知，英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象，

据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词，但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度，但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词，因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西，用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎，故引用

文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括，故B选项（Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗？）可以作为本文标题，故选B。8.（2020届宁夏银川一中高三第二次模拟）Th

roughouthistory,musicspreadamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Intoday'stechnologicaladvancedsociety,however,peoplespreadmusiconline,sometim

eswithoutanartist'spermission.Thiscanleadtomanyproblems,andmusiccompaniesarenowcrackingdownonthispractice.Sharingmusiconlinewithoutper

missionistheft.Sharingmusiconlinepreventsrecordingcompaniesfrommakingmoneyfromtheirefforts.Theysaythatsharingmusiconlinehasres

ultedinahugedropinprofitsandsalesoverthepast10years.PeoplewhofindmusicforfreeonlinearenotpayingforCDsoreveryMP3d

ownloaded.Totrulyunderstandtheinfluenceofmusicpiracyoncreators,onemustunderstandhowmanypeopleareinvolvedintherecordingprocess.Forthesal

eofeachalbum,profitsmustbesharedbetweenmusicians,soundengineers,musicproducers,managers,advertisers,andthe

companysellingtheproduct.Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusines

sforallcompaniesinvolved.Therearemanypeoplewhodon'tseetheharminsharingmusiconlineandeventhinktheyhavetherighttodoit.Oneonlineblogger

statesthatheoriginallypaidforanentireCDandthatheshouldbeabletodowiththematerialwhateverhewants.Whilehemayhavelegallypai

dforthemusic,hedoesnothavetherighttoprovidepermission,whichmeanspeoplelikethebloggerarethieves.Althoughwedon'tspreadtoday'sm

usicthesamewaywedidbefore,there'snodoubtthatpeoplearoundtheworldlovetosharemusic.However,internetpiracywouldpreventmusic

iansfromcontinuingproducingalbumsforfearoftheft.Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicso

thatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.28．Theunderlinedphrase“crackingdownon”inparagr

aph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A．bringingupcarefullyB．speakinghighlyofC．dealingseriouslywithD．destro

yingcompletely29．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.A．sharingmusicfilesonlineaffectsalotofpeopleB．artistsaretakingactiontoprotecttheirri

ghtC．onlinemusicsharingincreasessalesofmusicCDD．apersonwhoboughtaCDhastherighttoshareitonlinewithothers30．Howisthetextorganized?A．To

pic-Argument-Explanation.B．Introduction-Supportingstatements-Conclusion.C．Mainidea-Comparison-Supportingstatements.D．Opinion-Discussion-Desc

ription.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmusicpiracy?A．Indifferent.B．Favorable.C．Disapproval.D．Skeptical.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。作

者认为应该拒绝盗版音乐。因为未经许可的在网上分享音乐是盗窃，这样损害了音乐制作者、创作者和销售者等的利益。28．词句猜测题。前文“Thiscanleadtomanyproblems”说这会导致很多问题，后文“Sharingmusic

onlinewithoutpermissionistheft.”说没有允许的在网上分享音乐是偷窃，这两个部分都说明不应该支持网上分享音乐，因此如果有这样的行为就应该严肃处理，由此可以猜出crackingdownonthispractice是严肃处理这种行为的意思，故选C。29．推理判

断题。由第二段最后一句“Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsbusi

nessforallcompaniesinvolved.”可知。很多人认为分享音乐只影响唱片艺术家，但事实是分享损害了所有涉及到的公司的生意。因此推断分享网上音乐影响很多人。故选A。30．推理判断题。由第一段“Sharingmusiconlinewithout

permissionistheft.”可知文章的论点是“网上分享音乐是盗窃行为”；由第二段“Manypeoplebelievesharingmusiconlyaffectstherecordingartist,buttherealityisthatsharinghurtsb

usinessforallcompaniesinvolved.”可知，网上音乐影响了很多人，是论据；由最后一段“Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedt

obuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontinuetheirmusiccareers.”可知，作者反对网上分享音乐，是结论。因此文章的结构是论点——论据——结论。故选B。31．推理判断

题。由最后一段“Therefore,ifpeoplewanttocontinuelisteningtotheirfavoriteartists,theyneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofittocontin

uetheirmusiccareers.”可知，如果人们想继续听他们喜欢的艺术家，他们需要买他们的音乐，以便于艺术家有足够的利润继续他们的艺术事业。由此可以看出作者对盗版音乐持反对态度。故选C。