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专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）Knownasthe"OrientalHawaii,"Sanyaisconsideredasoneofthebestdivingresorts(胜地)intheSouthPacificOcean.Thefollowin

gsarethetopfiveplacesfordivinginthecity.WuzhizhouIslandWuzhizhouIsland,knownasChin'sMaldives,isregardedastheb

estplaceinHainanprovinceforunderwaterdiving.Itisoneofthefewislandsintheworldwithoutrocksorpebbles,coveringanareaof1.48squarekilometersandisina

nirregularbutterflyshape.YalongBayTheunderwaterworldatYalongBayisoneoftheearliestdivingbasesinSanya.Itisthoughtasoneofthebe

stscenicspotsinChinatocarryoutunderseatourism.Colorfulhardcoral,tropicalfish,andothermarinelifeinthenearbywate

rsalsoaddtothebeautyandattractionofthebay.DadonghaiBayDadonghaiBay,withhillsonthreesides,isacrescent-shaped(新月形的)bay.Thearea

enjoysagreeableweatherallyearround,withthewatertemperaturekeepingabout20℃eveninwinter.ThoughthewaterhereisnotasclearasthatinYal

ongBayandWuzhizhouIsland,thisdivingspotiseasiertogetto.XidaoIslandXidaoIsland,alsoknownasDaimaoIsland,isshapedlikeaturtlelivi

nginthetropicalarea.Theislandenjoyspleasantsurroundingsofsandybeaches,rockycaves,andpalmtrees.Italsotakespridein

crystalclearwaterswithmarinelifeandextensivecoralreefstoexplore.FenjiezhouIslandFenjiezhoulsland,anational5Ascenicarea,isalsocalledtheSleepingB

eautyIslandforwhatitlookslikefromafar.Theislandisproudofextremelycleanbeachesandrichmarineecologicalresources.Itistheonlysiteinthecountrythatallows

visitorstodivewithdolphins.1．WhatcandiversdoattheresortofWuzhizhouIsland?A．Playwithbutterflies.B．Enjoydivingcomfortably.C．Explorerockycaves.D．Dounder

waterresearch.2．Whichofthefollowingismostsuitablefordivingthroughouttheyear?A．YalongBay.B．DadonghaiBay.C．Xida

oIsland.D．FenjiezhouIsland.3．WhatisuniqueaboutFenjiezhouIslandinChina?A．Anational5Ascenicarea.B．TheSleeping

BeautyIsland.C．Richmarineresources.D．Divingwithdolphins.【答案】1．B2．B3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。三亚被誉为“东方夏威夷”，是南太平洋最好的潜水胜地之一。文章主要介绍了三亚市最适合潜水的五个地方。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Wuz

hizhouIsland,knownasChin'sMaldives,isregardedasthebestplaceinHainanprovinceforunderwaterdiving.可知蜈支洲岛被称为中国的马尔代夫，是海南省最好的水下

潜水地。由此可知，在旅游胜地蜈支洲岛，潜水员可以享受舒适的潜水。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中Theareaenjoysagreeableweatherallyearround,withthewatertemperaturekeepingabout20℃eve

ninwinter.可知这里一年四季气候宜人，即使在冬天，水温也保持在20℃左右。由此可知，大东海湾最适合全年潜水。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Itistheonlysiteinthecountrythatallowsvisitorstodivewithdolp

hins.可知它是这个国家唯一允许游客和海豚一起潜水的地方。由此可知，分界洲岛独特之处是可以和海豚一起潜水。故选D。（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）MannyAbreupraticesBenjaminFr

anklin'sfamoussaying.“Ifyouwantsomethingdone,askabusyperson.”ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS.Ab

reumadecommunityservice,animportantpartofhislife.“Idon'tknowwherehefindsthetimetodoeverything.”saidErinRonan,Alreu'smathteacher.“Heistru

lyaclassact.”Asanhonoredstudent,Abreu,18,tookpartindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerholidays.Theseincludedhelpin

gstaffatthepubliclibrary,doinglandscapeworkatkellenberg,andservingcustomersatalocalrestaurant.Butfacedwit

halimitednumberofhoursinaday,Abreulefthislibraryjoblastsummertostartworkingasanemergencymedicaltechnician—arole

thatfitshispassionformakingadifferenceinotherpeople'slives.“Myappreciationforservicehasguidedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbe

comingadoctor.“It'ssuchawin-winfeelingtohelpsomeoneinneed.”StMartindePorresMarianistSchoolalsobenefitedfromAbreu'shelp.Throughhisschool'sSm

artClubprogram,hevoluntarilyprovidedhomeworkhelpandplayedgameswiththejuniorhighschoolstudents.Forallhishardwork,Abr

euwaswelcomedintoaleadershipclubthatorganizesfellowstudents'volunteeractivities.Abreuthankedhisparentsforinspiringhimtodotherightthing,sa

ying“theyare'themostselflesspeopleIknow.”Herememberedwhenhewasabout6yearsold,andhismotherinvitedadisadvantagedneighborhoo

dboytohavedinner.Uponobservingtheboy'shappiness,Abreucameawaywithasenseofhowhewantedtolivehisownlife—“Iwon'tfocusonmyowndesires.Iwillhel

pasmanypeopleasIcan,”hesaid.4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Tomakeabriefexplanation.C．Toshar

eafamoussaying.D．TopraiseBenjaminFranklin.5．HowdidAbreudovoluntaryworkduringhishighschool?A．Byorganizingschoolactiv

ities.B．Byworkingasacustomer.C．Byspendingextratime.D．Byusingspecialholidays.6．WhatdoesAbreuthinkofhelpingothersinneed?A．It'schallenging

.B．It'srewarding.C．It'sstressful.D．It'swasteful.7．WhoinfluencedAbreumostonhiswaytobeingavolunteer?A．Hismathteacher.B．Hisfellowstudents.C．Hispa

rents.D．Hisneighborhoodboy.【答案】4．A5．C6．B7．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了MannyAbreu利用自己的空闲时间做了各种各样的很多志愿者工作和社区工作，他通过这些工作和活动不仅帮助了他人，也使得自己的价值得到了体现。4

．推理判断题。根据第二段中ThroughouthisfouryearsatKellenbergMemorialHighSchoolintheUS.Abreumadecommunityservice,animportantpartofhis

life.可知他在美国凯伦伯格纪念高中度过了四年时光。Abreu把社区服务作为他生命中重要的一部分。由此可推知，第一段提到的MannyAbreu实践了BenjaminFranklin的名言是为了引出第二段介绍Abreu做社区服务的事情，故第一段的

主要目的是介绍主题。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中Asanhonoredstudent,Abreu,18,tookpartindifferentvoluntaryactivitiesafterschool,duringweekendsandsummerho

lidays.可知作为一名荣誉学生，18岁的Abreu在放学后、周末和暑假期间参加了各种志愿活动。由此可知，Abreu在高中通过花费额外的时间做义工。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Myappreciationforservicehasgui

dedmeintogivingback,”saidAbreu,whoissettinghissightsonbecomingadoctor.“It'ssuchawin-winfeelingtohelpsomeoneinneed.”可知“我对服务的感激引导我回馈社会，

”Abreu说，他的目标是成为一名医生。“帮助有需要的人是一种双赢的感觉。”由此可推知，Abreu认为看待帮助需要帮助的人是有益的。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Abreuthankedhisparentsforins

piringhimtodotherightthing,saying“theyare'themostselflesspeopleIknow.”可知Abreu感谢他的父母激励他去做正确的事情，他说:“他们是„我所知道的最无私的人‟。”由此可知，在Abreu成为志愿者的路上，他的父母对他的影响最大。故选

C。（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）Modernagricultureanditsabilitytofeedbillionsofpeoplemaybeamonghumanity‟sgreatestsuccesses.However,itcomeswith

hiddencosts.Forexample,haveyoueverconsideredhowmuchwaterisneededtoprovideyouwithasteakorasalad?Itmaysurprise

you.InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNutrients,scientistsfromtheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),

Australia'snationalscienceorganization,tookacloselookatthedietsof9,341adultAustralians—specifically,their“water-

scarcityfootprints(水消耗足迹)”.Itturnedoutthatasweettoothnotonlyaddstoourwaistlines(腰围)butalsostressesourwaterresources.Thewater-scarcity

footprintisawidelyrecognizedmeasurementofwaterconsumption.First,itcountsthelitersofwateryouused.Then,itlooksattheplacewherethewater

wasused.Themorelackingwaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootprint.ThescientistsfoundthattheaverageAustralian'sdiethadawater-scarcityfoo

tprintof362litersperday.Snacks—cookies,cakesandalcohol—accountedfor25percentofthewater-scarcityfootprint.Theresearchalsoinc

ludedaglassofwine(41liters),asingleservingofpotatochips(23liters),andasmallbarofmilkchocolate(21liters).Notsurprisingly,cut

tingoutsnackswouldbetheN0.1priorityifyouwantedtoloweryourownwater-scarcityfootprint.Earth'ssurfaceis70percentwater,butonly2.5percentofthatca

nbeusedfordrinkingorfarming.By2030,aworldofabout8.6billionpeoplewillneed35percentmorewater,40percentmoreenergy,and50percentmor

efood,accordingtotheUnitedStatesNationalIntelligenceCouncil.So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalh

ealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties.12．Whatdidtherecentstudycloselyfocuson?A．Modernagriculture.B．AverageAustralians.C．Waterresources

.D．Water-scarcityfootprints.13．WhatdidscientistsfromCSIROfindintheirstudy?A．Sweetteethleadtothinwaistlines.B．Australians'dietsaremainlymadeupofsnac

ks.C．Thewater-scarcityfooprintisameasurementofsavingwater.D．Lackingwaterinourareameansalargerwater-scarcityfootprint.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpa

rt“theN0.1priority”inParagraph5probablymean?A．theleastimportantthingB．theleastimpossiblethingC．somethingtobed

onefirstD．somethingtobepreventedfirst15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A．Takecareofourdiets.B．Protectourdrinkingwater.C．Mak

egooduseofenergy.D．Producemorehealthyfood.【答案】12．D13．D14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了现代农业虽然养活数十亿人，但是它也带来了隐藏的成本。水消耗足迹是一种被广泛认可的衡量水消耗的

指标，一项关注于水消耗足迹的研究表明，你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。且饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的水消耗足迹。因此我们应该注意我们的饮食。12．细节理解题。根据第二段InarecentstudypublishedinthejournalNutrients,scientist

sfromtheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization(CSIRO),Australia'snationalscienceorganization,tookacloselookatthedietsof9,341adultAus

tralians—specifically,their“water-scarcityfootprints(水消耗足迹)”.可知澳大利亚国家科学组织联邦科学与工业研究组织的科学家最近在《营养》杂志上发表了一项研究，他们仔细研究了9341名澳大利亚成年人的饮食——特别是他们的“水消

耗足迹”。由此可知，最近的研究关注的是水消耗足迹。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中Themorelackingwaterisinyourarea,thelargeryourwater-scarcityfootpr

int.可知你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。由此可知，CSIRO的科学家在他们的研究中发现了所在地区缺水意味着更大的水消耗足迹。故选D。14．词义猜测题。根据第四段中Snacks—cookies,cakesandalcohol—accountedfor25percentofth

ewater-scarcityfootprint.Theresearchalsoincludedaglassofwine(41liters),asingleservingofpotatochips(23liters),andasmallbarofmilkchocolate(21lit

ers).可知饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的缺水足迹。研究还包括一杯葡萄酒（41升），一份薯片（23升）和一小块牛奶巧克力（21升）。由此可知，如果你想降低自己的水消耗足迹，减少零食将是首先要做的事情。故划线短语“theN0.1priority”意思为“首先要做的事情”。故选C。15．推

理判断题。根据最后一段中So,weneedtowatchwhatweeat,notjustforourpersonalhealthbutforthehealthofoursocieties.可知所以，我们需要注意我们吃什么，不仅是为了我们个人的健康，也是为了我们整个社会的健康。由此可

推知，最后一段想告诉我们注意我们的饮食。故选A。（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）Roadnetworksareexpandingworldwideatanalarmingrate.Althoughroadscanpromoteeconomicdeve

lopmentandimprovehumanwelfare,theycanalsohavesevereeffectsonwildlifepopulationsbyworseninghabitatandhum

andisturbance.Moreover,trafficdisturbancefromnoise,lights,andmotionreducesthequalityofhabitatnearroads.Whileroadsarenoweverywhereacrossmuchofth

eearth,theconstructionofnewroadswillbeconcentratedinareaswithhighbiodiversityvalue.Manyofthesenewroadsandhighwayswilllikelycrossr

eservesorotherhighlybiodiverseareas.Althoughroadsareoneofthemostimportantimpactsonglobalecosystems,weknowlittleabo

uthowpatternsinroadconstructionwillaffectbiodiversityinthecomingdecades.Here,weusearecentlydevelopedglobalroa

dsdatasettoinvestigatetheextentandpotentialinfluenceofroadnetworksacrossthe1,160,000-km,13-countryrangeofth

egloballyendangeredtiger.IntheRussianFarEast,forexample,roadsreducetigersurvivalratesduetocrashesinto

vehicles.Insomeregions,tigersavoidareasclosertopublicroads,suggestingthatroadsactasimportantbarrierstomovement.Theemergingimpactsofroaddevelopmen

tontigersarecriticalforseveralreasons.Wecalculateroaddensity(度),distancetothenearestroad,andrelativem

eanspeciesabundance(MSA)tocharacterizehowroadnetworksinfluencetigerhabitats.Thesesystemsofmeasurementprovidestartingpointsforrange-widemonitoringa

ndimpactassessmentsofroaddevelopmentprojects,thusenablingevaluationofprogresstowardcountry-levelconserv

ationandsustainable(可持续的)developmentgoals.8．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofcrea

tingreserves.B．Thedestructiontoglobalecosystems.C．Theeffectonbiodiversityworldwide.D．Theopinionaboutroadconstruction.9．Whyisroaddevelopmentattac

ked?A．Ithasbadinfluenceontigers.B．Itcausesmoretrafficaccidents.C．Itcoverstoomanyareas.D．Itrequiresaquantityoffunds.10．Howdoestheauthorfeela

boutthesystemsofmeasurement?A．Optimistic.B．Doubtful.C．Concerned.D．Astonished.11．Inwhichsectionofawebsitemaythetext

appear?A．Entertainment.B．Health.C．Education.D．Science.【答案】8．C9．A10．A11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过对道路数据的研究发现，道路的发展会对野生动

物的多样性造成严重影响，因为它会给它们的栖息地带来人为的干扰。8．主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其是Althoughroadsareoneofthemostimportantimpactsonglobaleco

systems,weknowlittleabouthowpatternsinroadconstructionwillaffectbiodiversityinthecomingdecades.(虽然道路对全球生态系统最重要的影响之一，但是我们对道路建设模式在未来几十年将如何影

响生物多样性知之甚少)可知，本段主要讲述了道路建设对生物多样的影响。C.Theeffectonbiodiversityworldwide.(对全球生物多样性的影响)符合以上说法，故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段的IntheRussianFa

rEast,forexample,roadsreducetigersurvivalratesduetocrashesintovehicles.Insomeregions,tigersavoidareasclosertopublicroads

,suggestingthatroadsactasimportantbarrierstomovement.Theemergingimpactsofroaddevelopmentontigersarecriticalfor

severalreasons.(例如，在俄罗斯远东地区，因为撞到车辆，道路降低了老虎的存活率。在一些地区，老虎会避开离公里更近的地方，这表明，道路是老虎行动的主要障碍。因为一些原因，道路的发展对老虎的影响非常大。)可知，道路的发展受到抨击是因为对濒临灭绝的老虎产

生了不良影响。A.Ithasbadinfluenceontigers.(它对老虎有不好的影响)符合以上说法，故选A项。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thesesystemsofmeasurementprovidestartingpo

intsforrange-widemonitoringandimpactassessmentsofroaddevelopmentprojects,thusenablingevaluationofprogresstowardcountry-leve

lconservationandsustainable(可持续的)developmentgoals.(这些测量系统为大范围的监测提供了起点以及道路发展项目影响的评价，从而可以评估国家级保护区的进展和可持续发展的目标)可推测，作者对该监测系统持乐观态度。A.Optimistic.

(乐观的)符合以上说法，故选A项。11．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Here,weusearecentlydevelopedglobalroadsdatasettoinvestigatetheextentandp

otentialinfluenceofroadnetworksacrossthe1,160,000-km,13-countryrangeofthegloballyendangeredtiger.(在此，我们使用最近开发的全球道路数据来调查遍布13国家、长达160万公里道路网

络的范围以及对濒临灭绝的老虎的潜在影响)可知，本文是一项基于对全球道路网络数据研究结果的报告。研究和科学相关，由此推测本文很有可能出现在一个网站的科学板块。D.Science.(科学)符合以上说法，故选D项

。（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）Overthepastdecade,drug-resistantdiseaseshaveappearedasamajorhealththreat.Butwheredotheydevelopthedrugresistance?Onesurprising

theory:theymayhavedevelopedtheresistanceonfarms,andnotinhospitals.Thecropprotectionproductsfarmersusetocontrolmanyplantdiseasesareal

mostthesameasthedrugsdoctorsusetotreatinfections,includingfungi(真菌).Fungiarecontinuallymutating(变异),andwithalifecyclemeasure

dindaysorweeks,theymutatequickly.Whenamutationproducesresistancetoachemical-killingfungi,fungiwilljumptoanyhostth

atprovidesawelcomingenvironment,suchasahumanbody.Andifthetreatmentforthefungalinfectioninvolvesadrugsimilartothe

fungicideencounteredonthefarm,Fungimaydevelopquicklyinthehumanbody-justastheydidinthefield.Anobvioussolutionistouselessfungicideint

hefield.Reducingfungicideusewouldnotonlyslowthedevelopmentofthedrugresistance,itwouldhelprestorediversitytothefungalworld.

Fungicidesareamustinthefarmingcommunity.Plantdiseasesposeamajorproblemforfarmersglobally-insomecrops,diseasecanreduceharvestsbymorethan70

percent-andfailuretodealwiththeproblemcanmeanfinancialruin.JustlikeFungi-or,indeed,anylivingthing-plantscontinuallyevolve

.Thisishownaturalgeneediting(基因编辑)works,andwithoutit,we'dallstillbesinglecellsinasaltysoup.Throughnaturalselection,almostanyplantwilleventual

lyproduceresistancetoFungi.Butthiscantakecenturies,sowedon'thavethetimetowait.Ontheotherhand,advancesingeneticshavegivenusanunderstand

ingofnature'sgeneeditingprocessinplants,helpingusdevelopresistancetoadisease.Geneeditingtechniquescanthenenable

ustoproducediseaseresistance-justasnaturewoulddo,ifgivenenoughtime.12．WhatcanweinferaboutFungifromParagraph2?A．Theycantreatinfectionsometi

mes.B．Theydon'tstopdevelopingnewforms.C．Ahumanbodyistheirfavoriteplace.D．TherearenoFungiinthefieldsnow.

13．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword''pose''inparagraph3?A．Solve.B．Face.C．Cause.D．Overcome.14．WhatmakesaplantproduceresistancetoFungi

?A．Thesurvivalofthefittest.B．Advancesintechnology.C．Theuseoffarmchemicals.D．Awelcomingenvironment.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WaystoPr

eventDrug-resistantDiseasesB．TheSourceoftheDrugResistanceC．ThePopularityofGeneEditingTechniquesD．TheNewTheoryofNaturalSelection【答案】12．

B13．C14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近十年对作物的观察发现，作物的耐药性来自于农场。经过自然选择，最终活下的作物几乎都会对真菌产生抗体，从而产生耐药性。尽可能少的在农田里使用真菌杀虫剂，不仅可以减缓耐药性的发展，也有助于保持真菌的多样性。12．推理判断题。根据第二段的

Fungiarecontinuallymutating(变异),andwithalifecyclemeasuredindaysorweeks,theymutatequickly.(真菌会一直变异，它的生命周期只有几天或者几周，它们很快就会变异)可

推测，真菌一直都会变异成新的形式出现。B.Theydon'tstopdevelopingnewforms.(它们不会停止发展新的形式)符合以上说法，故选B项。13．词义猜测题。根据第三段的Plantdiseasesposeama

jorproblemforfarmersglobally-insomecrops,diseasecanreduceharvestsbymorethan70percent-andfailuretodealwiththeproblemcanmeanfinancialruin.

可知，对于全球的农民来说植物病pose一个主要的问题——在一些作物上，病会使收成减少超过70%，如果不能解决这个问题就意味着经济损失。根据句意推测划线部分的意思是“造成”。C.Cause.(造成)符合以上说法，故选

C项。14．推理判断题。根据第四段的Throughnaturalselection,almostanyplantwilleventuallyproduceresistancetoFungi.(通过自然选择

，几乎任何一种植物最终都能对真菌产生抗体)可推测，最后生存下来的植物可以对真菌产生抗体。A.Thesurvivalofthefittest.(最健康的幸存者)符合以上说法，故选A项。15．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Overthep

astdecade,drug-resistantdiseaseshaveappearedasamajorhealththreat.Butwheredotheydevelopthedrugresistance?Onesurprisingtheory:theymay

havedevelopedtheresistanceonfarms,andnotinhospitals.(在过去的十年中，耐药性作为一个主要的健康威胁疾病出现。但，它们是在哪里产生耐药性的呢？一个令人惊讶的理论是：它们可能是在农场，而不是在

医院里产生了抗药性)可知，本文主要讲述了作物的耐药性是产生于农场，而不是医院里。B.TheSourceoftheDrugResistance(耐药性的来源)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。（2020届安徽省江淮十校

高三第三次联考）Whenfilmwasfirstinventedinthelate1800sandearly1900s,movie-goerscouldactuallyseeimagesoffar-awayplaces,likeChina,andthatfueledinterestint

hearea.Throughouthistory,manyChineseAmericansaredevotedinthisarea.Now,thebackroomoftheFormosaCafelookslikeamuseumthathonorstheworksofChineseAme

ricansandtheircontributionstoHollywood.Chinesestereotypes（刻板印象）StereotypesoftheChineseinAmericawerestrengthenedbytheothernessofU.S.Chinatown

sinthelate1800sandearly1900s.TherewasanideathattheChinesewasthe“yellowperil”,whoyoucouldn‟ttrust.Andthatresulte

dinthecharactercalledFuManchu.FuManchuwasanevilcharacterwhowantedtodestroythewesternworld.Heappearedinmoviesandinatelevisionseries.In1926,Ch

arlieChan,aChineseinvestigatorfromHawaii,appearedforthefirsttimeinamovie.Thiscreatedadifferent,yetstillproblematicAsianstereotype.“Y

ellowface”actorsCharlieChanandFuManchumayhavebeenChinesecharacters,buttheactorswereusuallywhitemenmadeuptol

ooklikeAsian.ActorsSidneyToler,RolandWintersandRossMartinallplayedCharlieChan.Yellowfacemeanttheyactuallyyelloweduptheirskin.Whiteact

orsjustplayedtheleadcharactersinTheGoodEarth,a1937filmaboutChinesefarmers.Asianactorshadpartsinthefilm,buttheyneededbankableactors,however,therewere

noAsianAmericanbankableactors.ChinafactorsOvertheyears,AsianandChineseAmericansdidfindworkinHollywood,andafewearnedastarontheH

ollywoodWalkforFame.HollywoodisalsochangingthewayitpresentstheChineseculture.AsthebiggestmarketformoviesoutsidetheU.S,Holl

ywoodhasbeenmakingfilmsthatwillnotoffendmoviegoersinChinaorthecountry‟sgovernment.TheindustryhasbeencarefulnottoshowtheChin

eseasevil.Co-productionsbetweenHollywoodandChinesecompaniesputChinesecharactersandChinainafavorableors

atisfactoryway.1．WhyisthebackroomoftheFormosaCafementioned?A．ToshowappreciationforChineseAmericanfilmmakers

.B．TodisplaytherichnessofChineseAmericanfilms.C．ToattractmorecustomerstoenjoycoffeeintheFormosaCafe.D．Torecommendaplacetomovergo

erstolearnChineseAmericanfilms.2．WhatcanbeknownaboutCharlieChan?A．HecouldbefoundinaTVseries.B．Hewasanactorbearingevil

reputation.C．HerepresentedinvestigatorsfromHawaii.D．Hewasn‟tmuchappreciatedbymovie-goersthen.3．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutChineseAmeri

canfilms?A．ChineseactorswerepreferredincastingChineseroles.B．TheyfocusedonevilChineseeagertoruinAmerica.C．Chinafactorsarepositivelyviewedinthem.

D．TheyhavebeenintroducingChinesestereotypes.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本篇介绍了美国电影发展史上的中国元素，突出强调电影中的中国角色，随着时代的变迁已有了根本的改变，中国元素得到美国电影界的尊重。1．细节

理解题。根据第一段第二句Throughouthistory,manyChineseAmericansaredevotedinthisarea.Now,thebackroomoftheFormosaCafelookslikeamu

seumthathonorstheworksofChineseAmericansandtheircontributionstoHollywood.(纵观历史，许多华裔美国人都致力于这一领域。现在，For

mosaCafe的陈列室看起来像是一个纪念华裔美国人作品及其对好莱坞贡献的博物馆。)可知通过列举FormosaCafe的陈列室来表达对华裔美国电影人的努力的赞赏之情。故选A项。2．细节理解题。由第二段中的TherewasanideathattheChinesew

asthe“yellowperil”,whoyoucouldn‟ttrust.及In1926,CharlieChan,aChineseinvestigatorfromHawaii,appearedforthefirsttimeinamovie.Thiscreatedadifferent

,yetstillproblematicAsianstereotype.(有一种观念认为华人是“黄祸”，你不能相信他们。1926年，来自夏威夷的中国调查员CharlieChan首次出现在一部电影中。这创造了一个不同的，但仍然有问题存在的亚洲刻板印象。)可知CharlieC

han在当时仍然属于对亚洲人的刻板印象的角色，为不受人欢迎的角色，故选D项。3．推理判断题。由第三段中的CharlieChanandFuManchumayhavebeenChinesecharacters,buttheactorswereusuallywhitemen

madeuptolooklikeAsian.可知当时是美国本土人演中国角色，故A项排除；B项出处为FuManchu这一具体角色特征，不能以点代面；根据最后一段中的Hollywoodhasbeenmakingfilmsthatwillnotoffend

moviegoersinChinaorthecountry‟sgovernment.TheindustryhasbeencarefulnottoshowtheChineseasevil.(好莱坞一直在制

作不会冒犯中国或中国政府的电影。这个行业一直小心翼翼，不把中国人展示为是邪恶的形象。)可知美国电影人不会在电影里冒犯中国，他们对中国人的印象已经有了很大的改观，所以D项排除，故选C项。（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）Thisisthecolourfulwastecrea

tedbyaSwedishcitywithauniquerecyclingsystem.LikemanycitiesinSweden，Eskilstunahasanimpressiverecyclingrecord.ItmettheEU2020t

argetofrecycling50%ofwastemanyyearsago.Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome

.Peopleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood，textiles,cartons（纸板箱）andmetal.Butwhatreallymakest

hesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.Thereasonforthisbecomesclearatthecity‟srecyclingplant.Thebagsarrivealljumbledupbecausethey‟recollecte

daltogetherinarush,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople‟shouses.Butthankstothosebrightcolors,scannerscanselectthebagsandseparatethemeffic

iently.Thefoodwasteingreenbagsisprocessedonsiteintoacertainthickliquidtomakeburnablegas,whichpowersthecity‟sbuses.Oneofthebenefitsofthismet

hodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.

LiketherestofSweden，Eskilstunaiscommittedtosendingzerowastefromitscitizenstolandfill.Wastethatcannotberecycledisbur

ntatalocalplanttogenerateelectricity.Thisreducesrelianceonfossilfuels,butdoescreategreenhousegases.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtryt

oimprovetheirrecyclingrates,somemaylooktoEskilstunaasanexampletofollowaslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheirci

tizenstogetbusysortingathome.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutEskilstuna?A．Itisfloodedwithcolorfulwaste.B．Itisbest

-knownforwaste-recycling.C．Wastethereispaintedintosevencolors.D．Rubbishrecyclingishandledseriouslythere.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedw

ord“jumbled”inparagraph2mean?A．Mixedtogether.B．Collectedorderly.C．Sealedcautiously.D．Piledpurposefully.6．Whatmaythenewrecycle-

systembringabout?A．Theincreaseintheefficiencyofwasterecycling.B．Theconveniencetothecitizensinwastedropping.C．The

avoidanceofrubbishrelatedenvironmentalproblems.D．Thedecreaseofprofitforwasteplants.7．Whereisthistext

mostlikelyfrom?A．Parents.B．Instyle.C．Fortune.D．TheNewYorkTimes.【答案】4．D5．A6．A7．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍挪威城市埃斯基尔斯蒂纳在垃圾回收时将不同类别的垃圾用不同颜色的垃圾袋收纳的独特之举，同

时分析了此种举措存在的优势。4．细节理解题。由第一段的第四句“Butalmosteveryonewholivesherefollowsastrictrecyclingpolicyathome.”和第五句“Peo

pleareexpectedtosorttheirhouseholdwasteintosevenseparatecategories，includingfood，textiles,cartons（纸板箱）andmetal.”可知，

几乎所有住在这里的人们都会在家遵守严格的回收政策。人们被要求将他们的家庭垃圾分成7个独立的类别，包括食物类，纺织品类，纸板箱和金属。由此可见，在Eskilstuna垃圾回收被人们严格的执行。结合选项可知，选项D正确。5．词义猜测题。由第二段

第二句“becausethey‟recollectedaltogetherinarush,onceafortnightfromoutsidepeople‟shouses.”可知，因为他们是两周一次从人

们房子外面匆忙的全部收集。由此可知，这些垃圾袋因为是匆忙的收集，所以到达回收厂时是混合在一起的。单词jumbled应该表达的是“混合在一起”。结合选项可知，选项A正确。6．推理判断题。由第二段的第三句“Butthankstothosebrightcolors,scannersca

nselectthebagsandseparatethemefficiently.”和第五句“Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthatthereislesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwa

stecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.”可知，但是幸亏那些鲜明的颜色，扫描机能有效地挑选垃圾袋并且将他们分开。这种回收方法的优势之一就是更少的交叉污染，所以实际上更多的回收垃圾能被使用来制作

新的事物。由此可知，这种新的回收系统因为有鲜明的颜色，垃圾袋的分开变得有效，而且更多的垃圾得到回收，重新制作成新的事物，垃圾的回收率得到提升。结合选项可知，选项A正确。7．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，第一段第二句“LikemanycitiesinSweden，Eskilstunahasanim

pressiverecyclingrecord.”和最后一句“Butwhatreallymakesthesystemstandoutisthebrightcolourcode.”，第二段的第五句“Oneofthebenefitsofthismethodofrecyclingisthattherei

slesscross-pollution,somoreoftherecycledwastecanactuallybeusedtomakenewthings.”和第七句“Wastethatcannotberecycledisburntatalocalplanttogenerateelectric

ity.”可知，像瑞典的很多城市一样，Eskilstuna有一个令人印象深刻的回收记录。使这个回收系统出色的原因是明亮的颜色代码。这个回收方法的优势之一是更少的交叉污染，所以实际上更多的回收垃圾能被使用来制作新的事物。不能回收的垃圾在当地的工厂燃烧产生电。由此可知整篇文章都是在讲述新的垃圾回收系统

出色的原因和其优势，是关于环保类的话题。结合选项可知，选项D.TheNewYorkTimes《纽约时代》是属于报纸类，话题可以涵盖环保。故选项D正确。（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）Chocolates,syrup（糖浆

）,creamontop,manyofthehotdrinksweconsumeevenmoreatthistimeofyearcertainlysoundsugary,butjusthowmuchsugartheycontainmightcom

easashock.ThehealthcampaigngroupActiononSugarhasfoundthatStarbuckshotchocolatemadewithmilkhasalmost94gramsofsugar.Thatequals23teaspoons.AtCaffeNero

,thesaltedhotchocolatepacksinalmost60gramsofsugar,about15leaspoons.AndCasta‟screamlatte（拿铁）has32gramsofsugar,that‟s8teaspoons.Thedrinkmakerswon‟th

avethosedetailslistednexttotheprice.Ifknown,itwouldbequitealarming.That‟showcapitalismworks.Thecapitalistshavetogetpeople

addictedtocertainthingstokeepsellingitmore.Iftoldtheamountofsugarcontained，manywouldtakehotdrinksjustasatre

atnotonadailybasis.Somedrinkshaveactuallyreducedinsugaroverthepastfewyears，butmanymorehaven‟t.Themostsugar

yseasonaldrinkwasfromStarbuckswithmorethan14teaspoonsofsugar.Othercompanieslikebreakfastcerealmanufacturersandyogurtmanufa

cturersarereducingsugar.Andsoissoftdrinks，yetthemilkbaseddrinks,milkshakes，hotchocolatesandlattesjustdon‟tseemtohavechangedinthesameway.Andw

hilesomecompaniesareactuallybeingreallyresponsiblereducingtheirsugar,somehaveactuallyincreasedthatinthelasttwoyearswhichjustseemsridiculous.C

offeechainsdoofferlow-caloriealternatives.ButActiononSugararestillcallingformoretaxonhotcoffeedrinks.NotmuchofaChristmaspresentforthecoffeech

ains,butmaybeagiftinthelongtermforourhealth.8．Whatdoesthefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A．Consumersfavorsugarcontainedhotdrinks.B．Theam

ountofsugarinsomehotdrinksisfrightening.C．Famoushotdrinkmakerspreferhotchocolateseries.D．CreamlatteisthesignaturehotdrinkforStarbucks.9．W

hatcanwelearnabouthotdrinkmakers?A．Mostofthemaretryingtoreducesugarincertaindrinks.B．Chocolateandsyrupareirreplaceablepartoftheirproducts.C．

Theywon‟tshowtheconsumerhowmuchsugaradrinkcontains.D．Fourofthemhavebeeninvestigatedbythehealthcampaigngroup.10．What‟sthew

riter‟sattitudetowardthehotdrinkmakers?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Objective.D．Reserved.11．Howcanthesugar-originatedhotdrinkproble

mbeeased?A．Taxescanberaisedonhotdrinkmakerslikecoffeechains.B．MoreofficialgroupslikeActiononSugarcouldbefounded.C．Sugarcontent

canbelabeledinplaceofthepriceforhotdrinks.D．Warningscanbegiventothoseenjoyingweeklyhotdrinks.【答案】8．B9．C

10．C11．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了深受顾客青睐的含糖过高的饮品对健康的危害，同时也呼吁相关部门采取措施来解决热饮带来的健康问题。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Chocolates,syrup,creamontop,manyoft

hehotdrinksweconsumeevenmoreatthistimeofyearcertainlysoundsugary,butjusthowmuchsugartheycontainmightcomeasashock.(巧克力，糖浆，奶油，每

年这个时候我们喝得很多的热饮，听上去肯定是含糖的，但是它们的含糖量可能会让人震惊。)可知大众爱喝的热饮中含糖量高得惊人，第二段用数据来支撑第一段的观点，因此可知B项（一些热饮料中的糖含量让人震惊）符合第一二段大意，故选B项。9．细节理

解题。由第三段第一句Thedrinkmakerswon‟thavethosedetailslistednexttotheprice.Ifknown,itwouldbequitealarming.(饮料制造商不会在

价格旁边列出这些细节。如果人们知道的话，这将是相当令人震惊的。)可知热饮商不会将含糖量标出，故选C项。10．推理判断题。纵览全文尤其是根据第三段中的Somedrinkshaveactuallyreducedinsugaroverthepastfewyears,butmanymorehaven‟

t.(在过去的几年中，一些饮料的糖分实际上已经降低了，但更多的没有减少。)及最后一段中的Andwhilesomecompaniesareactuallybeingreallyresponsiblereducingtheirsugar,s

omehaveactuallyincreasedthatinthelasttwoyearswhichjustseemsridiculous.(虽然有些公司确实有责任减少糖分，但有些公司却在过去两年里增加了糖分，这看起来很荒谬。)可知作者既

肯定了部分热饮商的努力，确实用行动支持降糖，同时也指出一些热饮店的部分产品的含糖量不减反增，可以用推理得知作者的立场是理性客观地，故选C项。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的ButActiononSugararestillcallingformoretaxonhotcoffeedrin

ks.(但针对糖的行动仍要求对热咖啡饮料征收更多的税。)可知对热饮店加税是相对可行的举措，故选A项。（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）Dosomekindsofvideogamescauseviolence?Scientificstu

diesdonotsuggestalink.ButtheideathatthereisalinkbetweenviolentvideogamesandviolentactsreappearedfollowingthemassshootinginElPaso,Texas,lastweekend

.AnonlinestatementthoughttobewrittenbytheElPasogunmanmentionedthevideogame“CallofDuty”.OnMonday,PresidentDonaldTrumpsaidthat“terrifying

videogames”contributetoa“glorificationofviolence”.Americanpoliticianshavelongmadesimilarstatements.Benj

aminBurroughsisaprofessorofmediaattheUniversityofLasVegas.Hesaidthatthereisnolinkagetogunviolence,whenmentioningvideogames.Burroughspoi

ntedoutthatsomestudiesshowashort-termincreaseinaggressivethoughtsandfeelingsafterplayingvideogames,butnothingthatrisestothelevelofviol

ence.“Plentyofgamersgetupsetwhentheyloseorfeelthegamewas„cheating‟,butitdoesn‟tleadtoviolentoutputs,”Bur

roughsstressed.In2006,asmallstudybyresearchersatIndianaUniversityfoundthatteenagerswhoplayedviolentvideo

gamesshowedhigherlevelsofemotionalarousal（激发）—strongemotionslikeangerorfear.Theteenagersalsoshowedlessactivityinthepartsofthe

brainassociatedwiththeabilitytoplan，controlanddirectthoughtsandbehavior.PatrickMarkey，thepsychologyprofessor，foundinhisresearchthatmenwhocommits

evereactsofviolenceactuallyplayviolentvideogameslessthantheaveragemale.AnotherstudybyMarkeyandotherresearchersshowed

thatviolencetendstogodownwhenanewviolentmovieorvideogamecomesout.Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeopleare

athomeplayingthegameorintheaterswatchingthemovie.Markeybelievesthatvideogamesmightexcitepeople,buttheydonotchangewhopeopleare.“It

islikegoingtoseeasadmovie,”Markeysaidofplayingvideogames.“Itmightmakeyoucrybutitdoesn‟tmakeyouclinicallydepressed,”hesai

d.12．WhyisthemassshootinginEIPaso,Texasmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Toshowthenecessityofscientificstudies.B．Tosupportthewriter‟sownviewpoint.C．T

oshowtheseriousnessofviolentacts.D．Toserveasevidencefortheassumption.13．WhatarethesimilaritiesbetweenB

enjaminBurroughsandPatrickMarkey?A．BotharespecialistsinpsychologyintheUSA．B．Bothacknowledgevideogamer

ousedemotionalchange.C．Bothpresenttheirideasthroughdoingresearch.D．Bothworryaboutthepotentialdangerscausedbyvideogames.14

．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheresearchin2006?A．Teenagerstestedinitbecomemoreemotional.B．Itsfindingssetalarmforyoungvi

deogameplayers.C．TeenagersmentionedinitmainlycomefromIndiana.D．Itsresearchersarestronglyforbanningvid

eogames.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Violence—aby-productofvideogames.B．Videogames—thecauseofviol

enceornot.C．Videogames—thepromoterofthemassshoot.D．Violence—athreatforgameplayersornot.【答案】12．D13．B14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本篇主

要阐述暴力事件频发与网络暴力游戏的关系，介绍了在此领域的一些研究发现，和专家学者的思考。12．推理判断题。由第一段第二句Buttheideathatthereisalinkbetweenviolentvideogamesandviolentactsreap

pearedfollowingthemassshootinginElPaso“但在埃尔帕索发生大规模枪击案后，暴力视频游戏和暴力行为之间的联系再次出现。”可知由于最近爆发的恐怖袭击事件，引发了人们对于暴力游戏引发暴力事件的猜想，二者

为论据与论点的关系，故选D。13．细节推理题。由第二段第一句“BenjaminBurroughsisaprofessorofmedia”，可知两位并不都从事于心理学研究，故A项排除；纵览全文对Benj

aminBurroughs的描述只提及他借用他人的研究未提及他白己的研究，故C项排除；由第二段第四句“Hesaidthatthereisnolinkagetogunviolence,whenmentioningvideogames.”，和第四段倒数第三句“Markeybelievestha

tvideogamesmightexcitepeople,buttheydonotchangewhopeopleare.”可知二者都不认同网络游戏会对玩家有伤害，故D项排除；由第一段第五句中“Burroughspointedthatsomestudiesshowashort-terminc

reaseinaggressivethoughtsandfeelingsafterplayingvideogames，”以及最后一段倒数第三句，可知二者皆认同网络游戏对玩家情绪的影响，故选B。14．细节理解题。由第三段第

一句“teenagerswhoplayedviolentvideogamesshowedhigherlevelsofemotionalarousal（激发）-strongemotionslikeangerorfear.”“玩暴力电子游戏的青少年表现出较高的

情绪唤醒水平——强烈的情绪，如愤怒或恐惧。”可知游戏玩家游戏过后会有情绪波动，而其他选项信息文中木涉及，故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Dosomekindsofvideogamescauseviolen

ce?"及全文内容可知，本文围绕游戏与暴力的关系展开讨论，向读者介绍当前学者们对于网络游戏是否引发暴力事件的研究发现。故选B。（2020届福建省福州市高三二模）Wanttobemoresuccessful?Ifso,thenyouneedtoreadafewself-helpbooks.Her

earefourpopularonestogetyougoing.59Seconds(2009)byRichardWisemanThisisaself-helpbookwithadifference.Wiseman,ascientist,usessciencetoprovemanyself-

helpmyths(神话)arefalse.Forexample,self-helpbookssaythatifyouwanttoachieveagoal,youshouldvisualizeit.ButWisemansaysthat'

stheworstthingtodo.Studiesshowthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequiredtoachievethegoal.HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byD

aleCarnegieThisisthebookthatlaunchedtheself-helptype.Carnegiesaysfinancialsuccessis15%professionalkn

owledgeand85%theabilitytoexpressideas,assumeleadership,andmotivatepeople.Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoinfluencepeo

plebymakingthemlikeyou.TheMillionaireNextDoor(1996)byThomasStanley&WlliamDankoTheauthorsofthisbookspentyearsinterviewingAmeri

canmillionairestofigureoutthesecretsoftheirsuccess.Andtheydiscoveredthatamajorityofmillionairesdon'tliveluxurylifestyles.They'rerich

becausetheylivebelowtheirmeansandreinvestwhattheyearn.WhoMovedMyCheese?(1998)-bySpencerJohnsonWhoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourW

orkandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationalbusinessfable.Thetextdescribeschangeinone'swo

rkandlife,andfourtypicalreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“littlepeople”，duringtheirhuntforcheese.1．Whatisthekeytoachi

evingsuccessin59Seconds?A．Toemployscience.B．Tofollowexamples.C．Topictureprocedures.D．Tovisualizethegoal.2．Whati

sDaleCarnegie'sbookmainlyabout?A．Howtomasteroccupationalknowledge.B．Howtoapplypracticaltechniques.C．Howtogainstr

ongmanagement.D．Howtobecomepopularpersons.3．Whichbookcanhelpyouadapttochangeinyourlife?A．59SecondsB．WhoMovedMyCheese?C．TheMillionaireNextDoorD．H

owtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople【答案】1．C2．D3．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本有助于变得更成功的自助书籍。1．细节理解题。根据59Seconds(2009)byRi

chardWiseman部分中Studiesshowthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequiredtoachievethegoal.可知研究表明，你需要设想实现目标所需的步骤。由此可知，要想在5

9秒内取得成功，关键是要把步骤想象出来。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byDaleCarnegie部分中Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoi

nfluencepeoplebymakingthemlikeyou.可知这本书里有很多实用的建议，教你如何通过让别人喜欢你来影响别人。由此可知，DaleCarnegie的书主要讲了如何成为受欢迎的人。故

选D。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中WhoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourWorkandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationa

lbusinessfable.Thetextdescribeschangeinone'sworkandlife,andfourtypicalreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“little

people”，duringtheirhuntforcheese.可知1998年9月8日出版的《谁动了我的奶酪？处理工作和生活变化的神奇方法》是一个励志的商业寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的变化，以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪的

过程中对这些变化的四种典型反应。由此可知，《谁动了我的奶酪？》这本书可以帮助你适应生活中的变化。故选B。（2020届福建省福州市高三二模）WhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather'sfa

rm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.Finally,the

villagewherehelivedgavehimalittlemoneytoParistostudyart.WhenMilletreachedParis,hehadatoughtime.Fortunately,whenhewasa

lmoststarving,someoneboughtoneofhispeasantpaintings,whichenabledhisfamilytoleaveforBarbizon.Millet'spictureso

fpeasantsatworkwerepaintedinauniqueway.Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,s

preadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.Soastonishinglyaccuratewashismemorythathecouldpaintathomewitho

utmodelsandgetallthemovementsofhisfiguresright.Whenhedidneedafiguretogoby,hewouldaskhiswifetoposeforhim.Oneofhisnotedartwor

ksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.Hereachesintohisbagforseedandthenswingsbackwardtoscattertheseed,andwitheachswing

ofhishandthesowerstridesforward.InMillet'spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,li

keamachine.Onlytheman'sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.Anothermasterpieceiscalled“TheGleaners”.Agleanerissomeonepicking

uptheleftoverinthefieldafterthewheatharvest.WhenfarmersnearBarbizonareextremelybadly-off,eventhelittlethegleanerscanfindisahelp.YoucanseefromMillet

'spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.4．WhatdoweknowaboutMillet?A．Hiswifesupportedhimtobeapaint

er.B．Hewaskeenonpaintingasakid.C．HespenthiswholelifeinBarbizon.D．HewasbroughtupinParis.5．Howdidhepaintthelaboringfarmers?A．Askingmodelsforhelp.B．Ima

giningfiguresinthefield.C．Rememberingwhathehadobserved.D．Recallingthedaysonhisfather'sfarm.6．WhatdoMillet'sworksconve

y?A．Thefarmers'hardships.B．Thesceneoffarming.C．Hisloveforthevillage.D．Hisanxietyaboutthefarmers.7．Whatpaintingsty

leofMilletcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Impressionistic.B．Abstract.C．Romantic.D．Realistic.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．D【解析】这是一篇说明

文。文章介绍了Millet从小就喜欢画画，他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民，且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。4．细节理解题。根

据第一段中WhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather'sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspen

dtimedrawing.可知,当小米还是个孩子的时候，他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候，其他的工人都会打盹，但小Millet会花时间画画。由此可知，Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwa

tchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.可知画家会到农

场去，看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或播种。然后他回到家，把他所看到的画出来。由此可知，他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中InMillet'spicturethesowerhasbeenworkin

ghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman'sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.可知在Millet的

画中，播种者一直在努力工作，但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动，像一台机器。只有这个男人的头部显露出他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中YoucanseefromMillet'spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.可知从Millet的画中可以看出，拾

穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知，Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画，以及最后两段描述Millet作品中农民耕作时现实的形象，由此可推知，Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。故选D。（2020

届福建省福州市高三二模）InaccessibleIslandiswellnamed.ItisanuninhabitedrockintheSouthAtlanticocean.Gothere,though,a

ndyouwillfinditscoastiscoveredwithlitter.ThathasbeentheexperienceofPeterRyanoftheUniversityofCapeTown,inSouthA

frica.Since1984Dr.RyanhasbeenvisitingInaccessible,recordingthelitterstrandedontheisland'sbeaches.Thisw

eek,hehaspublishedtheresults.ThoughInaccessibleisindeedremote,thenatureofoceaniccirculationmeansthatthisisexactlythesortofplacewher

efloatingrubbishtendstoaccumulate.Dr.Ryanandhiscolleaguesfocusedononeparticularclassoflitter:bottles.The

irdefinitionofabottleincludedjarsandcontainers,andthingsmadeofmetal,glassorpolymer.Most,though,wereofpolyethyleneterephthalate,alightplastic.Aparticu

laradvantageofpickingbottlestoinvestigateisthattheyareoftenstampedwiththeircountryofmanufacture.ThatenabledDr.Ryantoanalyzethehistoryofoceanicl

ittering.Heanalyzedtheproportionsofbottlesfromvariousgeographicalsources.In1989thepreponderance(优势)of

them(67%)wasSouthAmerican.Twentyyearslater,in2009,bottlesmadeinAsiacontributedmoreorlessequally(44%)withSouthAmericanones(41%

).By2018theoverwhelming(压倒性的)majority(74%)wereAsian.Thisgeographicalshiftspeaksvolumes.Thefirstsamplesuggestsmostlitterarri

vingonInaccessiblehadbeenwashedoffthelandordroppedfromcoastalshipping—SouthAmericabeingarelativelynearbycontinent.Theothertwo,withtheirrisingpro

portionsofrubbishfromAsia,whichistoofarfromtheislandforittohavefloatedthere,stronglysuggestitwascrews‟emptiesbeing

flungfromships.Suchlitteringisbanned—which,ironically,cameintoforcein1989.Butevidentlyalotofships‟captainsdonotcare.Theypermitthedumpin

gofrubbishovertheside,regardless.12．WhatleadstolittergatheringonInaccessibleIsland?A．Thenaturalphenomenonofoceancurrents.B

．Toomanypeople‟sactivitiesontheisland.C．Thelitter‟sfloatingaroundtheisland.D．Theisland‟sremotelocation.13．WhydoesDr.Ryancho

osebottlesassubjects?A．Itiseasytoanalyzethem.B．Itispossibletofigureouttheirsources.C．Therearestampsattachedtothem.D．Theyc

ontributemosttooceaniclittering.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flung”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Castaway.B．Givenaway.C．Carriedout.D．Putout.15．Whatisthebe

sttitleforthetext?A．PlasticBottlesWasheduponInaccessibleIslandB．GeographicalFactorsAccountingforMoreRubbishC．Plastic

PollutionWorseningonRemoteAtlanticD．ABottledupRubbishProblemonInaccessibleIsland【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．D【解析】这是一

篇说明文。Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。PeterRyan和他的同事们的一项研究发现Inaccessible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的，文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原

因的，他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的，或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。12．细节理解题。根据第三段ThoughInaccessibleisindeedremote,thenatureofoceaniccirculationmeansthatthisisexactlythe

sortofplacewherefloatingrubbishtendstoaccumulate.可知，虽然Inaccessible岛的确很遥远，但海洋环流的性质意味着这里正是漂浮垃圾容易堆积的地方。由此可知，洋流的自然现象导致了Inaccessible岛的垃圾堆积。

故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第五段中Aparticularadvantageofpickingbottlestoinvestigateisthattheyareoftenstampedwiththe

ircountryofmanufacture.可知，挑选瓶子进行调查的一个特别优点是，它们通常都印有生产国家的标志。由此可知，Ryan博士选择瓶子作为实验对象是因为这样可能可以弄清瓶子的来源。故选B。

14．词义猜测题。根据上文Theothertwo,withtheirrisingproportionsofrubbishfromAsia,whichistoofarfromtheislandforittohavefloatedthere,stronglysuggestitwascrews‟

emptiesbeing可知，另外两艘船中，来自亚洲的垃圾越来越多，因为亚洲离该岛太远，不可能漂浮在岛上，这有力地说明了这是船员从船上丢弃的空垃圾。由此可知，划线单词意思为“丢弃”。A.Castaway.丢弃；B.Givenaway.分发；C.Carriedout.实施；D.Putout.熄灭

。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段InaccessibleIslandiswellnamed.ItisanuninhabitedrockintheSouthAtlanticocean.Gothere

,though,andyouwillfinditscoastiscoveredwithlitter.可知，Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。结合文章主要介绍了Inaccessi

ble岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。PeterRyan和他的同事们的一项研究发现Inaccessible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的，文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原因的

，他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的，或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。由此可知，D选项“Inaccessible岛上的垃圾问题”最符合文章标题，故选D。（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）Hereareappsthatcanhelpyoumakeaschedule

andabudget,takebetternotes,organizeabigproject,andstaysafe.Checkouttheseappstogetahead-startonbeingontopofyourlife!Flashcard

sDeluxePrice:$3.99Platform:iOSandAndroidFlashcardscanbeaveryeffectivewaytostudy,andFlashcardsDeluxemakescreatingth

emveryeasy.Youcaninputinformationrightintotheapp,makecardswithuptofivesides,andevenaddpicturesandsoundstocards.Theappcanbesettoautomaticallytumofc

ardsthatyougetcorrectsoyoucanfocusmoreontheonesyougotwrong.Circleof6UPrice:freePlatform:Android,iOSWhenyou'reonac

ollegecampus,walkinghomelateatnightcanbefrightening.So,makesuretodownloadCircleof6U,whichhelpsyoufeelmoresecure.Notonlydoesi

thelpyoufindyourlocation,butitmakescommunicatingwithyourtrustedfriendseasier.Onceyoubuildanetworkoftrustedcontactsintheapp,itletsyous

endapre-editedgroupmessage,withyourlocationtoallofthemintwotaps.CampusBooksPrice:freePlatform:iOS,An

droidTheCampusBooksapphelpsyougetthelowestpricewhenyou'rebuyingorrentingtextbooks,andhelpsyougetthehighestpricewhen

you'rereadytosell!Ifyouneedabookrightaway,you'llbeshownthecloseststoresandlibrariesthathaveyourbookinstock.DragonDictationPrice:freePlatform:iOS

DictatinghomeworkandemailstotheDragonDictationappcansaveyoutime!Youcansendyourdictationtoatext,email,orpasteitintoanyapplication.Theincludededitor

willsuggestwords,andtheappwillimproveitsaccuracyovertimeasitgetstoknowyourvoice.ItalsoworksinmanylanguagesotherthanEnglish.1．Whichappcanyouchoosefo

rsafetyconcern?A．FlashcardsDeluxe.B．Circleof6U.C．CampusBooks.D．DragonDictation.2．WhatcanDragonDictationdo?A．Itcanaddpicturestoyourem

ail.B．Itcansaveyourmoneyonbooks.C．Itcancorrectyourspellingmistakes.D．Itcanrecognizemanylanguages.3．Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A．Students.B．Li

brarians.C．Businessmen.D．Programmers.【答案】1．B2．D3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对学生介绍了四款应用程序。1．细节理解题。根据Circleof6U部分中Whenyou'r

eonacollegecampus,walkinghomelateatnightcanbefrightening.So,makesuretodownloadCircleof6U,whichhelpsyoufeelmo

resecure.可知当你在大学校园里，深夜走路回家可能会很可怕。所以，一定要下载Circleof6u，这会让你感觉更安全。由此可知，出于安全考虑，你可以选择Circleof6U。故选B。2．细节理解题

。根据最后一段中ItalsoworksinmanylanguagesotherthanEnglish.可知除了英语，它还适用于许多语言。由此可知，DragonDictation能识别许多语言。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据Circleof6U部分中Wh

enyou'reonacollegecampus,walkinghomelateatnightcanbefrightening.(当你在大学校园里，深夜走路回家可能会很可怕)以及CampusBooks部分中TheCampusBooksapphelpsyougetthelowestpricewh

enyou'rebuyingorrentingtextbooks,andhelpsyougetthehighestpricewhenyou'rereadytosell!(当你购买或租借教科书时，CampusBooks应用程序可以帮助你获得最低的价格，当你准备出售时，

帮助你获得最高的价格)由此可推知，文章主要是写给学生的。故选A。（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）China‟s40-year-longprocessofreformandopeningupmeantforeigninfluencesgainingafootholdinthecountr

y.Butnow,theprocesscanalsobeviewedintheoppositeway.TheoutsideworldisopeningupasareceptacleforChinesecul

ture.WhereonceitwasallamatterofChinesepeoplefascinatedbyHollywoodmovies,anew“softpower”trendistakingChinesepopmusic,TVseriesandnovelstoapprecia

tiveaudiencesabroad.EnglishwomanHollieSowdenandAmericanNoraWilsondevelopedawebsitecalled“WrittenChinese,”withaChinesewomannamedChamcenLiu.Thewebsit

eprovidesadictionaryandotherMandarinlearningtools.Wilsonsays,“Atthebeginning,itwasjustaFacebookpagewherewepostedcharacters,theirmeaningsandexamplesen

tences.Thatpageexpandedlikecrazy,withnearly280,000followers.That‟swhywedecidedtodevelopadictionaryappandthenthewebsite.”Sowdenand

Wilsonaren‟ttheonlyeagertotapworldinterestinChina.Yearsago,groupsformedintheUStoprovideEnglishsubtitlesforpopularChineseTVdramas.Thereare

alsowebsitestranslatingChinesenovels,especiallyfantasyseries.WuxiaworldandGravityTalesaretwoexamples,withtensofthousandsoffollowersonth

eirFacebookpages.Chinesemusic,too,iswalkingthroughtheopendoorthatoncewasaone-waystreet.MelodyC2EisastudentclubattheShanghaiInternationalStudie

sUniversity,whichistryingtospreadChinesepopsongstotheworld.Itnowhasaround300,000subscribers.Theinspirationisrootedin2016,whenPanJianghaoheardayo

uthenvoy(公使)fortheUnitedNationssaythattheworldwantedtohearmorefromChineseyoungpeople.Motivatedbyhiswords,PanandLinHongyingdecidedtofoundanewmusi

calgroupandshareChinesepop,songswiththerestoftheworldviaEnglishtranslation.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“receptacle”inparagraph1probablyme

an?A．Container.B．Source.C．Center.D．Foundation.5．Whatdoweknowabout"WrittenChinese'"?A．Ithasnearly280,000followers.B．Ithelp

slearnChinesecharacters.C．ItinvolvesdailylivinginChina.D．Itisdevelopedbytwoforeigners.6．WhywasMelodyC2Esetup?A．TomotivateChine

seyoungpeople.B．TopreserveChinesetraditionalsongs.C．Toimproveitsmembers'translationskills.D．TointroduceChinesepopsongstotheglob

e.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ForeignWebsiteswithaChineseTouchB．CompetitionLeadingtoaCultureBoo

mC．China'sCulturalFootprintonForeignShoresD．ReformandOpeningupShapingaNewGeneration【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着中国改革开放的不断推进，外界也在接受中国的文化。英国人Hol

lieSowden和美国人NoraWilson与中国人ChamcenLiu共同开发了一个网站，以供外国人了解和学习中国文化。4．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“China‟s40-year-longprocesso

freformandopeningupmeantforeigninfluencesgainingafootholdinthecountry.Butnow,theprocesscanalsobeviewedintheoppositeway.”可知，中国长达40年的改革开放进程意味着外国

将在该国有一定的影响力，但现在，也可以用相反的方式看待这一进程。即下一句意为：外部世界正在成为中国文化的容器，即外界也在向中国开放来接受中国的文化。结合选项可知，A项（容器）可以解释划线词，表示外国也成为

了接受中国文化的“容器”。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ThewebsiteprovidesadictionaryandotherMandarinlearningtools.Wilsonsays,

“Atthebeginning,itwasjustaFacebookpagewherewepostedcharacters,theirmeaningsandexamplesentences.Thatpageexpandedlikecraz

y,withnearly280,000followers.That‟swhywedecidedtodevelopadictionaryappandthenthewebsite.””可知，该网站提供了词典和

其他普通话学习工具。威尔逊说：“一开始，它只是一个Facebook页面，我们发布了汉字，它们的含义和例句。该页面后来拥有近280,000的关注者。这就是为什么我们决定开发字典应用程序，然后再开发这个网站的原因”。由此可知，这个网站帮助了外国

人学习汉字。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“MelodyC2EisastudentclubattheShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity,whichistryingtospreadChinesepopsongstothewor

ld.”可知，MelodyC2E是上海外国语大学的一个学生俱乐部，它正打算向世界传播中文流行歌曲。即上外建立MelodyC2E俱乐部的原因是向世界介绍中国流行歌曲。故选D。7．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了随着中国改革开放的不断推进，

外界也在接受中国的文化。英国人HollieSowden和美国人NoraWilson与中国人ChamcenLiu共同开发了一个网站，以供外国人了解和学习中国文化。即C项(具有中国特色的外国网站)可以作为文章的标题。故选C。（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二

次质检）Itwasared-letterdayinthehistoryofmedicine-“TargetZeroDay”,May8th,1980,markingthecompleteremovalofsmallpox,aterrifyingdisease.Itwasuntreatab

lebut,luckily,itturnedoutthatvaccination(接种疫苗)providedgoodprotection--andthatmassimmunization(免疫)couldwipeoutthesmall-poxvirusb

yblockingitsspread.Accordingtolegend,vaccinationwasinventedbyDrEdwardJenner.Jennershowedthathealthychildrenvaccin

atedwithcowpox,amildinfectionofcattle,couldnotcatchsmallpox.Hewassupposedlyinspiredbyacommentfromalocalmil

kmaid,butthereisevidencethattheideacamefromamedicalfriend,JohnFester,whohadexperimentedwithcowpox.Nevertheless,Jennerdeservescreditfo

rintroducingvaccinationintothemedicalmainstreamwithhispaperpublishedin1798.In1966,160yearsafterthepredictionthatvaccinatio

nwouldcleanoffthedisease,theWorldHealthOrganizationlauncheditsSmallpoxEradicationProgramme.Thisheroic1-yeardrivewasdirectedbytwoAmericanp

ublichealthdoctors,DAHendersonandBillForge.Theirhardshipswereenormous:OneWHOofficialevenpromisedtoeata

tyreifsmallpoxwasremoved;Hendersonpromisedtosendhimthetyreandwishedhimgoodappetite.ButHendersonandFoege'shardworkpaidoff--th

reeyearsafterthelastsmallpoxcasewasinformed(tomakesurenooutbreakshadbeenmissed)TargetZeroDaywasdeclared.40yearson,s

houldwerememberTargetZeroDay?First,tocelebratevictoryofpreventativemedicineandfreedomfromacrueldisease.Then,wem

ustrememberthevictimsofsmallpox.Ithadpreviouslykilled1in12worldwide.In1914,aCanadianprofessorwarnedagainstforgettings

mallpox,whichwasfastdisappearingfromNorthAmerica.Itwentontokillatleastanother250millionpeople--threetimesmorethanbothworldwarscombined.TargetZer

oDayalsoremindsusofundefeatedinfections,includingpolio,measles,malaria,andofcoursethecoronavirusCovid-

19.Let'srecognizeTargetZeroDayforwhatitis:amilestoneinworldhistoryandamonumenttotheartofthepossible.8．Whatin

spiredJennertoinventthevaccination?A．Amedicalfriend.B．Alocalmilkmaid.C．Cattle.D．Children.9．Whatisthewriter'spurposeofmenti

oningtheWHOofficial'spromise?A．TointroducethesupportfromtheWHO.B．Tostresstheimportanceofgoodappetite.C．Tosuggestthedifficultyinremo

vingsmallpox.D．Toshowhisdeterminationtocarryonthedrive.10．Wherecanyoufindthefiguresthatbestsupport“smallpoxisaterr

ifyingdisease?A．Inparagraph1.B．Inparagraph2.C．Inparagraph3.D．Inparagraph4.11．Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey

?A．Apromisemadeisadebtunpaid.B．Atroublesharedisatroublehalved.C．Somethingisbetterthannothing.D．Nothingisim

possibletoawillingheart.【答案】8．A9．C10．D11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。1980年5月8日的“零目标日”是医学史上一个值得纪念的日子，标志着天花这一可怕疾病被彻底根除。文章介绍了天花疫

苗的发明，在1966年世界卫生组织启动的根除天花计划，在两位美国公共卫生医生的努力下实现“零目标日”，这是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中Hewassupposedlyinspiredbyacommentfrom

alocalmilkmaid,butthereisevidencethattheideacamefromamedicalfriend,JohnFester,whohadexperimentedwithcowpox.可知

据推测，他的灵感来自当地一个挤奶女工的评论，但有证据表明，这个想法来自他的一个医学朋友JohnFester，他曾试验过牛痘。由此可知，一个医生朋友激发了Jenner发明疫苗。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中Theirhar

dshipswereenormous:OneWHOofficialevenpromisedtoeatatyreifsmallpoxwasremoved…可知他们的困难是巨大的：一位官员甚至承诺，如果天花被清除，他将吃掉一个轮胎……由此可推知，

作者提及世界卫生组织官员的承诺的目的是暗示根除天花的困难。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中Ithadpreviouslykilled1in12worldwide.In1914,aCanadianp

rofessorwarnedagainstforgettingsmallpox,whichwasfastdisappearingfromNorthAmerica.Itwentontokillatleastano

ther250millionpeople-threetimesmorethanbothworldwarscombined.可知在此之前，全世界有1/12的人死于该病。1914年，一位加拿大教授警告人们不要忘记天花，天花

在北美正迅速消失。它还造成了至少2.5亿人死亡，是两次世界大战死亡人数总和的三倍。由此可推知，第4段能找到支持“天花是一种可怕疾病”的数据。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Let'srecognizeTargetZeroDayforwhatitis:amilesto

neinworldhistoryandamonumenttotheartofthepossible.可知让我们认识到“零目标日”的意义：它是世界历史上的一个里程碑，是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。结合文

章介绍了1980年5月8日的“零目标日”是医学史上一个值得纪念的日子，标志着天花这一可怕疾病被彻底根除。文章介绍了天花疫苗的发明，在1966年世界卫生组织启动的根除天花计划，在两位美国公共卫生医生的努力下实现“零目标日”，这是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。由此

可推知，这篇文章传达了“心之所愿，无事不成”的观点。故选D。（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Wildli

fesuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigration(迁移)pathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,ga

inthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgenetic(遗传的)code.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsandcul

turetoguidetheirmigration.Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystartedtofigureouthowt

heyfindtheirway.TaketheCory'sshearwater,anoceangoingseabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.Theyoungdonotmigratewiththeirparents,

soculturecannotexplaintheirjourneys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildlyfromindividualtoindividual,makinggenet

icsequallyunlikely.Cory'sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetod

eveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe"exploration-refinement",anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假设的)bec

auseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals'movements.Butateamofresearchershasdonethatbyattachingsmallgeolocatorstomoret

han150ofthebirdsagedfourtonine.Theyfoundthatyoungerbirdstraveledlongerdistances,forlongerperiods,andhadmorediversepathsthanolderbirds.“Wefinallyhave

evidenceofthe"exploration-refinement"formigratorybirds,"saysLetiziaCampioni,wholedthestudy.YoungerCory'sshearwatersareabl

etoflyjustasfastastheadults-buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredc

ourse.“Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,„explorationrefinement‟couldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganismsinarap

idlychangingworldduetounpredictableman-madechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.“Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysu

ccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.”12．Thefirstparagraphmainly.A．describesanimals'habitatsB．talksaboutmigr

ationmodelsC．comparesdifferentspeciesD．introducesatrackingtechnology13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thi

s"inparagraph3referto?A．ThelonglifeofCory'sshearwaters.B．ThewayCory'sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.C．Theop

eningforlearningandpractice.D．TheprocessscientiststrackCory'sshearwaters'movements.14．WhatdocsLetiziaCampioni'ss

tudyfindabouttheyoungerCory'sshearwaters?A．Theytravelasmuchasadultbirds.B．Theymoveinapredictablemanner.C．Theylowerthespeedfore

xploration.D．Theylookforacoursewiththeirparents.15．Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A．Man-madechangesmakemigrationeas

ier.B．Animalsmakeasaferjourneyviaafixedtrack.C．Courseexplorationcontributestobirds'adaptability.D．Aco

mbinationofstrategiesassuresmigrationsuccess.【答案】12．B13．B14．C15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员最近发现一种不同于一般动物的迁徙模式，以科里的剪水

鹱为例，它是一种每年在大西洋上空迁徙的海鸟。研究发现，剪水鹱中，年轻的比年长的走得更远，时间更长，路径也更多样化。这证明了候鸟的“改进探索”的存在，在瞬息万变的世界里，“改进探索”可能对鸟类和其他生物有益。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Wildlifesuchas

whalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectiono

ftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.(像鲸

鱼和鹅这样的野生动物通过跟随它们的父母来学习迁徙路线。其他动物，包括小型鸣禽，在其遗传密码中获得它们迁徙的距离和方向。一些动物利用遗传和文化的结合来指导它们的迁徙。)可知第一段提到像鲸鱼和鹅这样的野生动物及其他动物的迁徙模式，因此第一段主要描述了不同的迁徙模式，

故选B项。13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的Cory‟sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanop

eningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“exploration-refinement”(科里的剪水鹱是长寿的，很少能在九岁之前成功地生产出幼崽。

这为学习和实践提供时间，以开发他们的迁徙模式。研究人员称之为“改进探索”)可知划横线的上文提到剪水鹱的长寿的特点及不断开发迁徙模式。因此划横线的this指的是剪水鹱形成迁徙模式的方式。故选B项。14．细节理

解题。根据倒数第二段中的YoungerCory‟sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults—buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring(年轻的科里剪

水鹱能够飞得和成年剪水鹱一样快，但它们不这样做，这表明年轻剪水鹱会做更多的探索)可知LetiziaCampioni所做的研究发现，年轻的科里剪水鹱为了进行探索而降低了飞行速度。故选C项。15．推理判断题

。根据最后一段中的“explorationrefinement”couldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganismsinarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictableman-madechange

s.Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.(“探索改良”可能对

迅速变化的世界中的鸟类和其他生物体有益。”“重复最近成功的行为，可能比依赖很久以前已经完善但可能不再安全的模式更安全。”)可知“改进探索”有助于鸟类在瞬息万变的世界里更好得生存下去，因此可推出探索迁徙

路线会有助于鸟类的适应性。故选C项。（2020届广东省高三模拟一）AfricaWaterWeek-nearlyonebillionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenoaccesstodrinkingwater,thatlackofcleanwaterassociationwi

thun-properhygieneandshortageoftoiletskills3.3millionayear.Andthisisacommonprobleminmanypartsofthedevelopingwor

ld,butitseffectisnotwidelyknown,accordingtoexpertsatthePulitzerCenteronCrisisReporting.AspartoftheWorldWaterDaytradition,thecenterisscreening

filmsaboutinternationalwaterissuesattheEnvironmentalFilmFestivalinWashington,D．C．Thefilmsdescribeavarietyofconfl

ictsoverwater.“Thechallengeinpresentingthesefilms,”saysPeterSawyer,projectcoordinatoratthePulitzerCenteronCrisisReporting,“i

stosharewithawideraudiencetheurgentissuessurroundingwater.Ourgoalforthisscreeningistojustgettheseissuesoutthere,”hesays.“W

edon'tfeelthattheyattractpublicattentionandwethinkthattheyshouldbecausetheyarereallyimportant.”InDhaka'sChalleng

e,filmmakerStephenSapienzaexploresoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinAsia.Hesaysone-thirdofthe15millionpeopleintheBangladeshicapitalliveinplaces

wheresafewaterislimited.Eachyear400,000newcomersjoinDhaka'surbanpoor.CitywaterfromDhaka'sWaterandSewerAu

thority(WASA)comesataprice,availableonlytolandowners.Thefilmrecordshowanon-profitgrouphelpedchangethelawtogivethesameeq

ualwaterrightstotheurbanpoor.DiabalokSingHa,whoisthegroup'sfounder,said,“Awin-winsituationactuallyocc

urredbecauseDhakaWASAwantedtheirincomesandontheotherhand,poorpeoplewantedtheserviceandtheyimmediatelyseetheeconomicadvantageofgettingDhakaWASAwatersu

pplybecausethatischeap,sotheyimmediatelybuyin.”“Mystorywasjusttryingtopointoutthattheseproblemsaresolvableonsomelevelevenif

youhavetostartsmallandit'spossibleinthelongruntosavemanylives,”saysSapienza.8．Whichofthefollowingisthemainpurpos

eofthefilms?A．Toshowthenumberofpeoplelackingcleanwater.B．Toletmorepeopleknowtheseriouswaterproblems.C．Toattractpeopletopayattention

totheworldconflicts.D．Togetpeopletohaveagoodknowledgeofwater.9．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Waystogetcheapwater.B．Thefil

mDhaka'sChallenge.C．FilmmakerStephenSapienza.D．Anon-profitgroup.10．WhichofthefollowingdoesDiabalokSingHaagreewith?A．Mostpeoplecan'taffordthewatersu

pply.B．RichpeopleinDhakawillbuyinatonce.C．PoorpeopleinDhakaneedtheserviceofwater.D．DhakaWASAwillseesoonthee

conomicadvantage.11．WhatdoesSapienzaintendtotellusbymakingthefilmDhaka'sChallenge?A．Theproblemofwatercanpossiblybesolved.B．Allthepe

oplecannotgetcitywaterfromWASA．C．Awin-winsituationisexpectedbyeveryfilmmaker.D．DhakaWASAisverypopularwiththelocalpeople.【

答案】8．B9．B10．C11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。世界各地近10亿人无法获得饮用水，普利策危机报道中心的专家表示，在许多发展中国家，这是一个普遍问题，但其影响并不广为人知。作为世界水日传统的一部分，该中心正在华盛顿特区的环境电影节上放映有关国际水资

源问题的影片《Dhaka的挑战》。文章还说明了这一电影的目的、内容以及人们对影片的看法。8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thechallengeinpresentingthesefilms,”saysPeterSawyer,proje

ctcoordinatoratthePulitzerCenteronCrisisReporting,“istosharewithawideraudiencetheurgentissuessurroundingwater.Ourgoalforthissc

reeningistojustgettheseissuesoutthere,”hesays.可知“呈现这些影片的挑战，”普利策危机报道中心的项目协调员PeterSawyer说，“是要与更广泛的观众分享与水有关的

紧迫问题。我们的筛选目标就是让这些问题浮出水面，”他说。由此可知，电影的主要目的是让更多的人知道严重的水问题。故选B。9．主旨大意题。根据第四段中InDhaka'sChallenge,filmmakerS

tephenSapienzaexploresoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinAsia.可知在《Dhaka的挑战》中，导演斯StephenSapienza探索了亚洲发展最快的城市之一。结合后文

Thefilmrecordshowanon-profitgrouphelpedchangethelawtogivethesameequalwaterrightstotheurbanpoor.可知影片记录了一个非营利组织如何帮助修改法律，给予城市贫民同等的用水权利。由此可

知，第4段主要讲了电影《Dhaka的挑战》。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Awin-winsituationactuallyoccurredbecauseDhakaWASAwantedtheirincomesand

ontheotherhand,poorpeoplewantedtheserviceandtheyimmediatelyseetheeconomicadvantageofgettingDhakaWASAwatersupplybecausethatisc

heap,sotheyimmediatelybuyin.可知双赢的局面出现了，因为DhakaWASA需要他们的收入，而另一方面，穷人想要这项服务，他们立即看到了获得DhakaWASA供水的经济优势，因为它很便宜，所以他们立即购

买。由此可推知，DiabalokSingHa赞同Dhaka的穷人需要水。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mystorywasjusttryingtopointoutthattheseproblemsaresolvableonsomelevelevenifyouhavetostart

smallandit'spossibleinthelongruntosavemanylives,”saysSapienza.可知Sapienza说：“我的故事只是试图指出，这些问题在某种程度上是可以解决的，即使你必须从小处着手，但从长远来看，拯救许多人的生命是可能的。”由此可知，通过制作电影《

Dhaka的挑战》，Sapienza想告诉我们水的问题是有可能解决的。故选A。（2020届广东省梅州市高三总复习质检）Ifyouarecrazyaboutpaintings,youshouldn‟tmissthefollowingfo

urfamousmasterpieceswhichhavestoodthetestoftime.TheArnolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck‟sArnolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin143

4,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thisp

aintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck‟shea

vyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheSta

rryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthemen

talhospitalnearSaint-Rémy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin

1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh‟smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisano

ilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdepictstheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugust

andSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetrop

olitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpa

inter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle“Guernica”referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwaran

dasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheM

useoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofaíinMadrid.1．Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A．TheArnolfiniPortraitB．TheStarryNight.C．

TheHarvesters.D．Guernica.2．WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A．Itwaspaintedonwoodinoil.B．Itwasn‟tw

idelyrecognizedbefore1941.C．Itdescribedthepainter‟slifeinhospital.D．Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.3．Whocreatedthepaintingdescrib

ingthetragedyofwar?A．PieterBruegeltheElder.B．VincentvanGogh.C．JanvanEyck.D．PabloPicasso.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四幅名画

——从扬·凡·艾克的肖像画到巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作。它们都经受住了时间的考验。1．细节理解题。根据第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck‟sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoo

dproducedin1434.第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889an

d1890.第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.和第五段Guernica中的Guernica

,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.可知，TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早创作的画。故选A。

2．细节理解题。根据TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwel

lknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.(1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。)可知，TheStarryNight在1941年之前没有被广泛认

可。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据Guernica的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.(格尔尼卡是一幅黑白相间的大型油画

，由古巴画家巴勃罗·毕加索于1937年创作。)和Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.(这幅画描绘了战争的恐怖

，因此成为反战的象征，并提醒人们战争的悲剧。)可推断，巴勃罗·毕加索创造的油画描述了战争的悲剧。故选D。（2020届广东省梅州市高三总复习质检）Thekilldeer,asmallbirdknownforitshigh-pitchedcall,couldleadtothecancellation

ofoneofCanada‟biggestmusicfestivals.ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa‟sBluesfest,anoutdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000

peopleeachyear,camelastweekafterworkersatthesitefoundoneofthebirds.Ithadlaidfoureggsnearby,effectivelyclaimingthemainsta

geareaasitsnestingground.“Thisisoneofthemostchallengingproblemswe‟vebeenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanworkthr

oughthis,”saidMarkMonahan,executivedirectorofthefestival.“Anythingthatchangestheschedulehasamajoreffect,

sowe‟retakingitveryseriously.”Thediscoverymeantthatgovernmentofficialsrushedtoprotectthenestandtheeggs,hiringasec

urityguardtowatchoverthem24hoursaday.Environmentalistswerealsobroughtin.“Wedon‟tknowwhentheeggsmighthatch,”saidMonahan.Whati

sknownisthattheyoungkilldeerwilllikelyleavethenestsoonaftertheyarehatched,leadingmanytohopethattheeggshatchinth

enextdayorso.ThefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfromEnvironmentCanadatorelocatethenestsome50metersawayortakeitt

oawildlifecenter.Movingthenestwouldalsoensurethebirdanditsyoungwouldbeprotectedduringthefestival‟s11-dayrun,

saidMonahan.It‟shighlylikelythatthefestival‟sthousandsofattendeeswouldcausehugeproblemsforthebirdanditseggs.

Monahanwasconfidentthatthefestivalwouldgoonasplanned,however.“Mostofthepeoplewe‟reworkingwitharelookingforapositivesolution,”Monahansaid.“The

reisnoonesayingthatthefestivalcan‟tgoon.”Asnewsofthedilemmaspread,itleftresidentsdivided.Somesupportedthebird,sayingthatmovingt

henestmightresultintheeggsbeingabandoned.Othersexpressedannoyancethatprotectingtheeggsofthesmallbird,whichiswidespreadacrossNor

thAmerica,wasriskinganannualfestivalthatcontributesmillionsofdollarstothelocaleconomy.Thekilldeer‟stendencytobu

ilditsnestinopenfieldsorflatareashascausedissuesinotherareasoftheUS:earlierthisyear,constructiononahealthcen

terinWisconsinwastemporarilystoppedafterakilldeeranditsfoureggswerediscovered.8．WhichisTRUEaboutBluesfest?A．Itisth

efirstmusicfestivalinCanada.B．Itisanimportanteventformusiclovers.C．Itisamusicfestivalheldeverytwoyears.D．Itisachallengingoutdooractivityin

Ottawa.9．WhatwasespeciallychallengingforBluesfestthisyear?A．Pressurefromthegovernment.B．Disagreementswiththepublic

.C．Theneedtoprotectthebird‟seggs.D．Thelackofexperienceinhostingtheevent.10．Howdidthefestivalplantodealwiththeproblem?A．

Movethenesttoanotherplace.B．Askgovernmentofficialsforhelp.C．Seekadvicefromenvironmentalists.D．Hiresecurityguardstoprotecttheeggs.11．W

hatwasMonahan‟sattitudetowardhostingthefestival?A．Negative.B．Indifferent.C．Unsure.D．Positive.【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【解析】本文是说明文。对于音乐爱好者来

说，非常重大的加拿大音乐事件Bluesfest,，在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把主要舞台区域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。8．细节理解题。根据第二段ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa‟sBlue

sfest,anoutdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000peopleeachyear,camelastweekafterworkersatthesitefoundoneofthebirds.可知，渥太华的Bl

uesfest，是一个每年吸引约30万人参加的户外节日。因此Bluesfest,对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第二段Ithadlaidfoureggsnearby,effect

ivelyclaimingthemainstageareaasitsnestingground.可知，小水鸟在舞台附近下了4个蛋，和“Thisisoneofthemostchallengingproblemswe‟veb

eenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanworkthroughthis,”saidMarkMonahan,executivedirectorofthefestival.(音乐节执行总监说：“这是我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题”。)可知，保

护鸟蛋是今年Bluesfest面临挑战的事情。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第五段的ThefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfromEnvironmentCanadatorelocate(搬迁)thene

stsome50metersawayortakeittoawildlifecenter.(现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到50米外，或带到野生动物中心)可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选A。11．推理判断题

。根据倒数第三段的Monahanwasconfidentthatthefestivalwouldgoonasplanned,however.(然而，莫纳汉相信这个节日会按计划进行。)可知，Monahan对本次音乐节如期举行充满信心。故选D。（2020届广东

省梅州市高三总复习质检）Mostpeoplearen‟tgoodatcreativeproblemsolvingfortworeasons:First,theyarenottrainedinhowtobecreative.Second,theydon‟tundersta

ndgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness(驾驭)theirpowertomaximizegroupcreativity.Akeyelementofcreativityisapplyingexistingkn

owledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeoplegettinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknowledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,researchs

howsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogethertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthanifthe

yeachhadworkedalone.Tofixthisproblem,youshouldconsiderthetwostagesofgroupproblem-solving:divergence(分散)andconvergence(

集中).Divergencehappenswhenthegroupconsidersasmanydifferentpotentialsolutionsaspossible.Convergencehappenswhenthevariousproposedsolutionsareevaluated

andreducedtoasmallersetofcandidatesolutionstothecurrentproblem.Theessentialprincipleofgroupcreativityisthatindividu

alsworkingalonediverge,whereasgroupmembersworkingtogetherconverge.Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentia

lsolution,itmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.Thatiswhygroupsworkingtogetherdivergelessthanindivi

dualsworkingalone.Therefore,beawareofwhentodivergeandwhentoconverge.Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,havegroupmembersw

orkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.Thengetthembacktodiscusstheirdescriptions.Thegroupdiscussionwillleadeveryonetoacceptoneora

smallnumberofthesestatementstoworkon—thisishealthyconvergence.Whenstartingtogeneratesolutions,youagainwantdivergence.Havepeopleworkalonetost

art.Thencollectpeople‟sinitialideasandsendthemaroundtoothersandallowthedivergencetocontinueaseveryoneindividu

allybuildsontheideasofothermembers.Finally,letthegroupdiscusstheresultingideas.Thisdiscussionwillgraduallyleadthegrouptoconvergeonasmallnumberofcan

didatesolutions.Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.12．

Wecaninferthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethods______.A．enablepeopletoformmoreideastogetherB．greatlyencouragegroupcreati

vityC．actuallylimitgroupcreativityD．preventpeople‟sinvolvementintheproblems13．AccordingtoPara.4,whename

mberpresentsanidea,otherstendto_____.A．thinktheotherwayroundB．followhiswayofthinkingC．bemoreconfident

intheirownideasD．belesswillingtosharetheirownideas14．Whatshouldgroupmembersfirstdoearlyintheproblem-solvingprocess?A．Discusstheproblem.B．Putdow

ngroupstatementstogether.C．Simplifytheproblem.D．Writedowntheirindividualdescriptions.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Asimplewaytomakeg

roupthinkingmoreeffectiveB．DifficultiesinorganizinggroupthinkingC．DifferencesbetweendivergenceandconvergenceD．Advantagesofgroupthinkingove

rindividualthinking【答案】12．C13．B14．D15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了团体不擅长创造性解决问题的原因以及提出了一种使团体更具有创造力的方法。12．推理判断题。由第二段Akeyelementofcreativityisapply

ingexistingknowledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeoplegettinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknowledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetradit

ionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.可知，创造力的一个关键因素是应用现有知识解决新问题，人们越多地涉及创新地解决问题，就会有越多的知识被应用，不幸的是，研究表明：传统的脑力风暴

并不能如愿以偿达到目的。所以研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法实际上限制了团队的创造力。故选C项。13．细节理解题。由第四段Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution

,thatmakesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.可知，在团体，一旦一个成员阐述了一个潜在的解决办法，就会使其他成员对这个问题有类似的想法。所以根据第4段，当一个成员提出一个想法时，其他人往往

会跟随他的思维方式。故选B项。14．细节理解题。由第五段Forexample,earlyintheproblem-solvingprocess,havegroupmembersworkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.可知，在问题解决

过程的早期，团队成员应该首先写下他们各自的叙述。故选D项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Mostpeoplearen‟tgoodatcreativeproblemsolvingfortworeasons.可知，第一段提到众人不擅长创造性解决

问题的原因有两个。再根据第二段“Unfortunately,researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Wh

engroupsgettogethertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworkedalone”可知，不幸的是

，研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法未能实现这一目标。当团队聚在一起交流想法时，他们实际上提出的想法比各自单独工作时要少。所以短文的前两段提出了团体不擅长创造性解决问题的原因以及现存的团队创造力解决方法的弊端，短文从第三段起就上述现象提出了一种使团体更具有创造力

的方法。因此推断文章主要讲述了一种使团体更具有创造力的方法。故A项“一种使团体更具有创造力的方法”为最佳标题。故选A项。（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）WelookaheadtoLondon‟sartan

dexhibitionopeningsandselectthemust─seeshows.DoublescienceIt‟sabigmonthfortheScienceMuseum,withanewgalleryandanexhib

itionopening.TheScienceCitygallerytellsthestoryofLondonbetween1550and1800whenmajorscientificbreakthroughswerehappeningacrossthecity──f

romNewton‟slawsofphysicstothebirthofmicroscopesallowingustoseethetinycreaturesthatliveamongus.Ifthatisn‟tenough,there‟sa

lsoanexhibitiononhowartandsciencehaveworkedcloselytogetheroverthecenturiesandcontinuetodosotoday.ScienceC

ity1550──1800:TheLinburyGalleryattheScienceMuseum.Opens12September──13October,free.TheArtofInnovation:FromEnlightenmenttoDarkMatterattheScienceMus

eum.25September──26January,freebutticketed.Areyouworriedyet?Weallsufferfromanxiety.Artistslookintothisthroughartworksthatbringto

lighttheirownanxietiesorhowpeoplelivingwithanxietymanage.Theexhibitionalsocoverswhatanxietywouldlooklike

ifitcouldbevisualisedinlightorsound──somethingweimaginetobeimpossible.OnEdge:LivinginanAgeofAnxietyatScienceGallery.19September──19January,fre

e.ClimbingthewallsNoartisthasmadeabiggercareeroutofplacingsculpturesofhumanfiguresallovertheplace.Anton

yGormley,theartistbehindtheAngeloftheNorthandsculpturesstandingalloverLondon,takesovertheRoyalAcademyofArtswithab

lockbusting(轰动一时的)exhibition.Thisisthehotartticketintown.AntonyGormleyatRoyalAcademyofArts.21October──3December,£18

──22.1．WhatisonshowintheScienceCitygallery?A．Someofthegreatestphysicists.B．ThestoriesoftheLondondevelopment.C．Thepredictionofthefuturescienc

e.D．Someofthegreatachievementsinhistory.2．Whichexhibitionallowsvisitorstoknowaboutanegativemoodinanewway?A．TheArtofInnovati

on.B．OnEdge.C．RoyalAcademyofArts.D．ScienceCity1550─1800.3．Whencanvisitorsseethesefourexhibitionsaltogether?

A．InJanuary.B．InSeptember.C．InOctober.D．InDecember.【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个伦敦的展览。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheScienceCitygallerytellsthestoryofLon

donbetween1550and1800whenmajorscientificbreakthroughswerehappeningacrossthecity”可知，科学城画廊讲述了伦敦在1550年到1800年间发生的重大科学突破。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二个标题中的“Theexh

ibitionalsocoverswhatanxietywouldlooklikeifitcouldbevisualisedinlightorsound──somethingweimaginetobeimpossible.OnEdge:LivinginanAgeo

fAnxietyatScienceGallery.19September──19January,free”可知，这这次展览还展示了如果焦虑可以通过光线或声音表现出来，会是什么样子——这是我们认为不可能的事情。所以OnEdge展览让参观者

以一种新的方式了解负面情绪。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据这几个展览的时间：12September──13October；25September──26January；19September──19January；21O

ctober──3December可知，10月份是它们共同开放的时间。故选C。（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）OnHoxtonStreetinEastLondonthereisaveryspeci

alchildren‟swritingandmentoring(辅导)centercalledtheMinistryofStories,whichisfrontedbyitsshop,HoxtonStreetMonster(怪兽)Supplies,whereyou

canexpecttofindmonsterfood.Thestoreraisesfundsforthisveryspecialprogramthatfireschildren‟simagination.Theyouthaged8to18e

ntertheMinistry,throughasecretdoorthatisdesignedtoopenaworldofopportunitybyencouragingaloveforwriting.Theorganizationbelievesthat,“Wr

itingincreasesself-respect,improvescommunicationandcanchangelives.”That‟sbecausewritingallowschildren‟svoicestobeheard.Thisyear,thewor

kshopiscelebrating10yearsofhelpingchildrendiscoveraloveforwritingthroughcreativeprograms.FoundedbyLucyMacnab,BenPa

yneandbest-sellingauthorNickHornby,theorganizationworkswitharound1,000childrenperyearparticipatinginschools,andcommunityprogramsacrossHackney,I

slington,andTowerHamlets.Itnowhasover400volunteersandrunsitsprogramfreeofchargefortheyouthoftheareas.“Thr

ougharangeofcreativewritingprograms,andone-to-onementoring,weaimtohelpyoungpeoplefindtheirownqualitiesthatcanbedeveloped,”MacnabtoldTheTelegrap

h.“Webuildconfidence,self-respect,andcommunicationskillsinbothworkshopsforschoolsandoutofschoolwritingclubs.”One10-yearparticipa

nt,Nmeso,saidthattheweeklyafter-schoolclubheattendsattheMinistryhashelpedhimgrowhisimaginationandimprovehisacademicperformance.Infact,hewasab

letomoveupagradeinschool.What‟sevenmoreremarkableisthatNmesohashadastoryhewrotepublished──alongwithotherwritersint

heprogram──titledAndreHasaHardTime.ThisisNmeso‟ssuccessstory.4．WhatisthefunctionofHoxtonStreetMonsterSupplies?A．Advertisingthementoringcenter.B．Supp

ortingtheMinistryofStories.C．Attractingyoungchildrentocome.D．Arousingchildren'sinterestinfood.5．Whyaresomefiguresusedintheparagraph3?A．Topro

vetheprogramispopular.B．Tosuggestwritingisvitalforchildren.C．Toattractreaders‟attentiontothecenter.D．Toshowthevalueofrunningtheprogram.6．Whatisth

eprogramintendedtodo?A．Togivethechildrenabetterfuture.B．Tohelpdiscoverthechildren‟spotential.C．Tohelpthechildrenexp

ressopinions.D．Todevelopthechildren‟swritingskills.7．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutNmeso?A．Heistenyearsoldthisyear.B．H

e‟sgothisownbookpublished.C．Hehasbenefittedalotfromtheprogram.D．Hebecomesveryfamousasayoungwriter.【答案】4．B5．A6．B7．B【

解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在伦敦有一个称为“MinistryofStories”的特别组织。该主旨的目的是激发孩子们的想象力，鼓励孩子们写作。最后文章还介绍了这个组织取得的一些成就。4．细节理解题。根据第1段Thestoreraisesfundsforthisveryspecialprogr

amthatfireschildren‟simagination（商店为一个激发孩子们想象力的特别项目筹集资金）可知，句中的“项目”指的就是前文提及的“MinistryofStories”，故可知这家商店为MinistryofStories提供支持。故选B项。5．推理判断题。根据第3段Fou

ndedbyLucyMacnab,BenPayneandbest-sellingauthorNickHornby,theorganizationworkswitharound1,000childrenperyearpartic

ipatinginschools,andcommunityprogramsacrossHackney,Islington,andTowerHamlets.Itnowhasover400volunteersandrunsitsprogramf

reeofchargefortheyouthoftheareas（该组织由露西·麦克纳布、本·佩恩和畅销书作家尼克·霍恩比创立，每年约有1000名儿童参加学校和哈克尼、伊斯灵顿和塔楼哈姆雷特的社区项目。它现在有超过400名志愿者，

并为该地区的年轻人免费运行其项目）由此可知，在第三段中使用了一些数字是来证明这个项目是很受欢迎的。故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第2段Througharangeofcreativewritingprograms,andone-to-onementoring,we

aimtohelpyoungpeoplefindtheirownqualitiesthatcanbedeveloped（通过一系列创造性的写作项目和一对一的指导，我们的目标是帮助年轻人找到自己可以培养的品质）可知，该项目是为了帮助

年轻人挖掘自己的潜力。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段What‟sevenmoreremarkableisthatNmesohashadastoryhewrotepublished──alongwithotherwritersintheprogram──titledAnd

reHasaHardTime（最引人注目的是，Nmeso和项目的其他作家们一起出版了他写的名为AndreHasaHardTime故事）可知，Nmeso所写的故事印刷出版了。故选B项。（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）

Seaurchins(海胆)aresmallcreatures,butwhat‟sreallyremarkableaboutthemisthattheyeatanythingthathappenstofloatby.Theyha

vereallysharpteeththeyusetoridrocksofalgae(海藻)whichmakesthemprettyvaluableespeciallyinplaceslikeHawaiiwherealgaearethreateningthecoralreefs.

Inthesummerof2019,500,000ofthemwereusedtodealwiththealgae.Theproblemstartedwhennon-nativealgaewereintroducedtotheecosystemofK

aneoheBayinthe1970s.Becausetheyhadnoenemies,theyendeduptakingoverthebay,accordingtotheNationalMarineFisheriesService(NMFS).

Thealgaeblockedsunlightfromreachingthecoral,whichinturnaffectedthelocalfishbecausetheychangedthechemistryofthewater.That‟swhent

heNMFSturnedtoseaurchinsthatlovedtodevourthealgae.Buttheyhadtogrowtothesizeofacherrytomatobeforetheycouldbeused.Since2011,s

eaurchinshavebeengrownandusedtohandlethealgaeproblem.Someofthefundsareavailableduetoanunfortunateinci

dent.In2005,ashipwasgroundedonashallowreefnearKaneoheBay.Whentheshipwasremoved,20acresofreefshavebeendamaged.Whenthereise

nvironmentaldamage,theNMFSandotheragenciesreceivefundsfromthewrongdoersandthefundsareusedtorestorethedamage.Somefundswerespentonot

herprojectsliketheseaurchins.ThestateofHawaiibegantogrowtheseaurchins.Whentheyarelargeenough,diverscarefullypl

acethemonthereef.Algaeisn‟ttheonlythingthatthreatensthecoralreefs.Climatechangeandtheeffectsoffishingandtourismintheareaalsoendangerthecoral

reefs.Butturningtoseaurchinsinsteadofman-madesolutionsseemslikethebestwaytogo.8．Whyareseaurchinsregardedasoutstandingcreatures?A．Theyaretinybuthavete

eth.B．Theycankeeptheoceanclean.C．Theycanremoveharmfulalgae.D．Theygrowoncoralreefswithalgae.9．Whathappenedafte

rnon-nativealgaearrivedatKaneoheBay?A．Theyhelpedthecoralreefstosurvive.B．Theyspreadtoeverycornerofthebay.

C．Theydidn'tfitinwiththenewsurroundings.D．Theyfoughtagainstotherspeciestogetfood.10．Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“devour”in

paragraph3?A．EatB．BlockC．AttackD．Attract11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingtosavecoralreefs?A．Banningfishingandt

ourism.B．Relyingonhumans‟solutions.C．Employingdiverstohandlealgae.D．Lettingnaturetakecareofnature.【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章

介绍了海胆。海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中Theyhav

ereallysharpteeththeyusetoridrocksofalgae(海藻)whichmakesthemprettyvaluableespeciallyinplaceslikeHawaiiwherealgaeare

threateningthecoralreefs.“它们有锋利的牙齿用来清除岩石上的藻类，这使它们非常珍贵，尤其是在夏威夷这样的地方，那里的藻类正在威胁珊瑚礁。”由此可知，海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。故选C。9．推

理判断题。根据第二段中Theproblemstartedwhennon-nativealgaewereintroducedtotheecosystemofKaneoheBayinthe1970s.Becausetheyhadnoenemies,theyende

duptakingoverthebay,“这一问题始于20世纪70年代非本地藻类被引入卡内奥河湾的生态系统。因为它们没有敌人，它们最终占领了海湾，”由此可知，非本地藻类到达卡内奥河湾后，它们散布到海湾的每一个角落。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句Buttheyh

adtogrowtothesizeofacherrytomatobeforetheycouldbeused.“但它们必须长到樱桃番茄的大小才能被使用。”可知，seaurchinsthatlovedtodevourthealgae“海胆喜欢吃海藻”。由此推知划线词的意思是“吃”

。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段Algaeisn‟ttheonlythingthatthreatensthecoralreefs.Climatechangeandtheeffectsoffishingandtourismintheareaalsoendangerthec

oralreefs.Butturningtoseaurchinsinsteadofman-madesolutionsseemslikethebestwaytogo.“藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的

影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。”由此可知，作者建议让大自然照顾大自然来拯救珊瑚礁。故选D。（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）Parisisamuseumcity.Therearehundredsofthem,bigandsmall.But,mostim

portantly,theyareexcellent,someofthebestontheplanet.FromtheLouvretotheMuséed‟OrsaytotheCentrePompidou,youcouldspendalifetimewanderingtheha

llsofthecity‟sgreatmuseums.HerearesomeofthebestmuseumsinParis.TheLouvreTheworld‟sultimatemuseumisals

othebiggestoneandthemostvisited.The35,000artobjectsondisplayareallovershadowedbyonesinglepainting—MonaLisa,intheRenais

sanceera.JeudePaumeSetintheTuileriesGardensnexttotheLouvre,JeudePaume‟spastliveswereofatenniscourtandthenamuseumwhichho

usedImpressionistart.TodayitisParis‟smainphotographyandvideomuseum.Italsooccasionallyshowsart-housefilms.Muséed‟OrsayHousedinaformerrai

lwaystationontheLeftBankoftheSeine,themuseumopenedin1986andtodayhousestheplanet‟slargestcollectionofImpressionistandPost-Impressionistartworks

.Ifyoulike19th-centurynaturallandscapeswithrurallivesandtastes,thisistheplacetotakeitallin.MuséeduQuaiBranlyAsParis‟smainh

ometonon-Europeanart,objects,andculture,thisJeanNouvel-designedmuseumexhibitsacollectionof3,500pieces,manyofwhichweretakenfromvariouscountriesd

uringthevastperiodofFrenchColonialism.ThereareobjectsfromQuebecandLouisianafromthetimewhentheregionswereunderFrenchcontrol.Therea

realsoIndiansculptures,masksfromWestAfricaandotheraestheticdelights.1．WhichisthebestandmostadmiredexhibitintheLouvre?A．MonaLisa.B．Renaissance.C．

LadyEra.D．Unknown.2．WhichmuseumhousesImpressionistartnowadays?A．JeudePaume.B．TheLouvre.C．Muséed‟Orsay.D．MuséeduQuaiBranly.3．MuséeduQuaiBranlyisdiffer

entfromtheotherthreeinthat_________.A．ithousesnon-EuropeanobjectsB．itusedtobeatenniscourtC．itshowsthe19th-centuryruralscene

ryD．itisParis‟slargestmuseum【答案】1．A2．C3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。巴黎是个博物馆之都。大大小小的博物馆有上百家。但最重要的是，它们都很出色，是这个星球上最好的一些博物馆。文章主要介绍了四个巴黎最好的博物

馆。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中The35,000artobjectsondisplayareallovershadowedbyonesinglepainting—MonaLisa,intheRenaissanceera.可知展出的35000件艺术品的光芒都被一幅文艺复

兴时期的画作《蒙娜丽莎》所掩盖。由此可知，卢浮宫里最好、最受赞赏的展览是《蒙娜丽莎》。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中HousedinaformerrailwaystationontheLeftBankoftheSeine,themuseumopenedin1986and

todayhousestheplanet‟slargestcollectionofImpressionistandPost-Impressionistartworks.可知该博物馆位于塞纳河左岸的一个前火

车站，于1986年开放，如今收藏着世界上最大的印象派和后印象派艺术作品。由此可知，如今，Muséed‟Orsay博物馆收藏印象派作品。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段AsParis‟smainhometonon-Europeanart,objec

ts,andculture,thisJeanNouvel-designedmuseumexhibitsacollectionof3,500pieces,manyofwhichweretakenfromvariouscountries

duringthevastperiodofFrenchColonialism.ThereareobjectsfromQuebecandLouisianafromthetimewhentheregionswereunderFrenchcontrol.Thereareal

soIndiansculptures,masksfromWestAfricaandotheraestheticdelights.可知作为巴黎主要的非欧洲艺术、物品和文化的发源地，这个由JeanNouvel设计的博物馆展出了

3500件藏品，其中很多是在法国殖民时期从不同国家掠走的。还有一些来自魁北克和路易斯安那的物品，它们是在法国控制下的。还有印度雕塑，西非的面具和其他的审美乐趣。由此可知，MuséeduQuaiBranly不同于其他三个博物馆之处在于它陈列着非欧洲物品。故选A。（2020届广东省珠

海市高三三模）Unconfidentchildrencanimprovetheirperformanceinmathtestssimplybysayingnicethingstothemselves,astudysuggests.Atotalof212fourthtosixth

graders,agedbetween9to13yearsold,tookpartintheresearch.Thechildrencompletedamathtestintwoparts.Attheendofthefirsthalf,researchersaskedthefirstgroup

ofkidstotalktothemselvesabouttheamountofefforttheywouldputintothesecondhalfofthetestbeforecarryingon.Thechildrenquietlytoldt

hemselves:''Iwilldomyverybest.''Anothergroupwastoldtoconsidertheirability,byrepeatingthephrase:''Iamverygoodatthi

s.''Thechildrenwereinstructedtowritedowntheirgivenphrase,andrepeatittothemselveswhileworkingontheproblems,part

icularlywhentheyfoundtheworkchallenging.Therestofthechildrenactedasthecontrolgroup,andweren'trequiredtos

ayanything.Afewdaysbeforecompletingthetest,allthekidscompletedasurveyonhowtheyviewedtheirownandothers'abilities.Comparedwithkidswho

didn'tdowhatisknownasself-talking,thosewithlowself-confidencewhospokeabouttheeffortthey'dmakedidbetterinth

esecondhalfofthetest.Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievements

inschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.However,theteamsaidtheydidnotfindthesameresultamongchildrenwit

hlowself-confidencewhospoketothemselvesaboutability,forself-talkabouteffortisthekey.Meanwhile,theypointedoutthefin

dingsmaynotrelatetochildrenofotherages,andmoreresearchisneededtoexplorethis.8．Howwastheresearchconducted?A．Bytellingstudentstotalkabout

theireffort.B．Bycomparingthreegroupsofstudents.C．Byinstructingstudentstorepeatphrases.D．Bytellingstudentsnottosayanything.9．Whatcon

clusiondidtheresearchersdraw?A．Studentsmaybenefitfromtalkingabouteffort.B．Studentsshouldtalkabouteffortinthetests.C．Studentscanbenefitfr

omtalkingaboutability.D．Self-talkinghelpsallstudentsdobetterintests.10．Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthattheresearchteamis_________.A．ca

relessB．cautiousC．stubbornD．competitive11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment.B．Health.C

．Education.D．Sports.【答案】8．B9．A10．B11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项针对9到13岁孩子的调查发现，不自信的孩子可以通过对自己会努力来提高自己的学习成绩。但该结果只针对这个年段的孩子，其他年龄段或者其他情况下的结果还有待于研究。8．细节理

解题。根据第二段的Attheendofthefirsthalf,researchersaskedthefirstgroupofkidstotalktothemselvesabouttheamountofefforttheywouldputintothesecondhalfofthetestbefo

recarryingon…Anothergroupwastoldtoconsidertheirability,byrepeatingthephrase:''Iamverygoodatthis.''…Therestofthechildrenacte

dasthecontrolgroup,andweren'trequiredtosayanything.(在前半部分测试结束时，研究人员要求第一组孩子对自己说他们会在后半部分的测试所做出的努力……另一组被告知通过重复

“我非常擅长这个”来考虑他们的能力……剩下的孩子作为对照组，不需要说任何话)和第三段的Comparedwithkidswhodidn'tdowhatisknownasself-talking,thosewithlowself

-confidencewhospokeabouttheeffortthey'dmakedidbetterinthesecondhalfofthetest.(与那些没有自言自语的孩子相比，那些缺乏自信的孩子在考试的后半部分表现的更好)可知，研究是通过

把孩子们分成三组，按照不同的要求进行活动，最后对结果进行对比来进行的。B.Bycomparingthreegroupsofstudents.(通过对比三组学生)符合以上说法，故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段的Thedataledtheresearcherst

oconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievementsinschoolby

tellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.(研究人员通过数据得出结论：那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩)可知，不自信的孩子可以受益于告诉他们自己会努力。A.Studentsmaybenefit

fromtalkingabouteffort.(学生可以从谈论努力中获益)符合以上说法，故选A项。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段However,theteamsaidtheydidnotfindthesameresultamongchildrenwithlo

wself-confidencewhospoketothemselvesaboutability,forself-talkabouteffortisthekey.Meanwhile,theypointedoutthefindin

gsmaynotrelatetochildrenofotherages,andmoreresearchisneededtoexplorethis.可知，该研究团队说，他们在对自己能力进行自我评价的那些缺乏自信的孩子中没有发现同样的结果，因为自言自语说努

力是关键。同时，他们指出这些发现可能与其他年龄段的孩子无关，并且还需要更多的研究来探索这个。由此推测，该研究团队对其研究结果非常谨慎。B.cautious(谨慎的)符合以上说法，故选B项。11．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第

三段的Thedataledtheresearcherstoconcludechildrenwhostrugglewithnegativethoughtsabouttheircompetencecouldimprovetheirachievement

sinschoolbytellingthemselvestheywillputeffortintoatask.(研究人员通过数据得出结论：那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩)可知，该研究结果会对不太自信的孩子的学习成绩有帮助。由此

推测，这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教育版面。C.Education.(教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）Atsomepointinelementaryschool,yourscienceteachermayexplainedto

youthatthereare365daysinayearbecausethat'showlongittakesforEarthtocompleteonefulljourneyaroundthesun.Whattheymightno

thaveexplained,however,isthatit'snotexactly365days—it‟sactuallycloserto365.2421days.So,ifwewantourcalendaryeartobeginrightwhenEarthbeginsanewtur

naroundthesun,wehavetoaccountforroughlyanextraquarterofadayeachyear,oronedayeveryfouryears.History.comreportsthattheEgypt

ianshadalreadybeendoingthisforawhilebeforeEuropefinallycaughtonin46BC,whenRomanEmperorJuliusCaesarandastronomerSosigenesputtheirheadstogethertoco

meupwithwhatwenowcalltheJuliancalendar,whichincludes12months,365days,andanadditional''leapday''everyfouryearsonFebruary29.Butrounding0.2421up

to0.25eachyearcreatedanissue,becauseitdidn'tquiteadduptoafulldayeveryfouryears—andthattinydifferencemeantthatafter128years,the

calendaryearendedupstartingadaybeforeEarthhadcompleteditsjourneyaroundthesun.Bythe14thcentury,thecale

ndaryearwasstarting10daysbeforeEarthfinisheditsorbit.In1582,PopeGregoryXIIIsoughttocorrecttheerrorbysuggestingthatwesim

plyskipaleapdayeverysooften.HisGregoriancalendar,whichwestillusetoday,rulesthatweskiptheleapdayduringyearswhichcanbeevenlydivided(被整除

)by100butnotby400.Forinstance,theyear2000includedaleapdaybecauseitcanbedividedby100and400;theyear2100,ontheotherhan

d,willnotincludealeapday,sinceit'sevenlydividedby100,butnotby400.GregoryXIII‟scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrecti

onisitselfabitofanunder-correction,sowe'llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords''puttheirheads

together''inparagraph2mean?A．Comeacrosseachother.B．Bumptheirheadstogether.C．Competeagainsteachother.

D．Combinetheirefforts.13．AccordingtoGregoriancalendar,whichyearmayincludealeapday?A．2100.B．1600.C．1800.D．2020.1

4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．EmperorJuliusCaesarwasalsoanastronomer.B．Today'scalendarexactlyagreeswit

hthesun'sturning.C．The10-dayearlystartincalendarwillalwaysexist.D．TheGregoriancalendarisnotyetthemostaccurate.15．What'sthepurposeofthispa

ssage?A．Topointoutamistakemadebyyourscienceteacher.B．ToexplainhowlongEarthmakesatriparoundthesun.C．Toexplainindetailwhytheleapdayisnee

ded.D．Toexplainthereasonwhyweneedacalendar.【答案】12．D13．B14．D15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或

者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。目的是为了说明闰日被需要的原因。12．短语猜测题。根据第二段的History.comreportsthattheEgyptianshadalreadybeendoingthisforawhilebeforeEurope

finallycaughtonin46BC,whenRomanEmperorJuliusCaesarandastronomerSosigenesputtheirheadstogethertocomeupwithwhatwenowcalltheJ

uliancalendar,可知，History.com报道说在欧洲最终在公园前46年开始使用闰日之前，埃及人已经这样好一段时间了，那时罗马的统治者凯撒和天文学家Sosigenesputtheirheadstogeth

er想出了我们今天所称的公历。根据句意，尤其是comeupwithwhatwenowcalltheJuliancalendar推测划线部分的意思是“共同努力”。D.Combinetheirefforts.(联合他们的努力)符合以上说法，故选D项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段的Forinsta

nce,theyear2000includedaleapdaybecauseitcanbedividedby100and400(例如，2000年包含一个闰日，因为它可以被100和400同时整除)可知，能够被100和4

00同时整除的年份包含一个闰日。选项中的1600年可以同时被它们整除，故该年包含一个闰日。B.1600.符合以上说法，故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的GregoryXIII‟scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrectionisitselfabitofa

nunder-correction,sowe'llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.(教皇8世格里高对凯撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能需要在10000年以后重新评估我们

的闰日设计)可推测，格里高历也不是最准确的。D.TheGregoriancalendarisnotyetthemostaccurate.(格里高历也不是最准确的)符合以上说法，故选D项。15．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的So,ifwewantourcalendaryearto

beginrightwhenEarthbeginsanewturnaroundthesun,wehavetoaccountforroughlyanextraquarterofadayeachyear,oronedayeveryfouryears.(因此，如果我们想让我们的日

历年恰好从地球绕太阳转一圈的时候开始，我们就会每年多出四分之一天，或者每四年多出一天)和最后一段的GregoryXIII'scorrectiontoCaesar'sovercorrectionisitselfabitofanunder-correction,sowe'

llprobablyneedtoreevaluateourleapdaydesignagaininabout10,000years.(教皇8世格里高对凯撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能会需要在10000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)可知，本文以日历年

365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。由此推测本文的目的是，详细地解释为什么我们需要闰日。C.Toexplainindetailwhytheleapdayisn

eeded.(为了详细介绍为什么闰日被需要)符合以上说法，故选C项。（2020届河北衡水中学高三第二次联考）MadagascarliesintheIndianOceanofftheeastcoastofAfrica.Theislandisperhapsbes

tknownastheuniquehomeofthelemur(狐猴）.Butthoselemursliveamongsomeofthemostrichandvariedflora(植物群）intheworld.Andsoth

reatenedisthatflorathatBritishandMalagasyscientistswereinvolvedinaprojecttocollectseedsfromtheislandtobestoredinaBritishsee

dbank.TheprojectisbeingdonebytheRoyalBotanicGardeninLondon.ThebotanistStewardCableisheadoftheconservationc

enterthereandafrequentvisitoroftheisland.ImeanMadagascariswellknownasoneofthetopbiodiversityhotspotsintheworl

d.Ithasperhaps13,000plantspecies.90%ofthoseareuniquetothecountry,i.e.foundnowhereelseintheworld.Butalsomanyspecies,manyofthosespeciesareonlyfoundin

smallareas.AndIwouldsaythatprobablyabout80%ofthepopulationaredependentonfarming.Andalotoftheirfarmingisslashandburn，shiftingcultivati

on(耕作）wherefarmershavetomovetoanewpatchofforesteveryyear.Theycutitandtheyburnitandtheycangrowdryriceorcassav

aforayearorsoortwoyearsatmost.Andthenutrientsaregoneandtheyhavetomovetoanewpatchofforest.Andforcenturiesthatwouldnothavebe

enaproblemwiththelowpopulationandwithlongperiodsofnofarmingbutpeoplereturningafterthreeorfiveyearssomethi

nglikethat,thentheforestbecamegrassland.SowearelosingmanyofthosespeciesinMadagascar,thoseuniquespecies.8．whichofthefollowingisthehabita

tofthelemur?A．MadagascarB．BritainC．AnIndianisland.D．Thecoast9．WhydoscientistscollectseedsfromMadagascar?A．Thel

emurwilldieoutwithoutthem.B．ThefloraonMadagascarisingreatdanger.C．Theislandwillsinktothebottomoftheocean.D．TheBr

itishseedbankwantstomakemoneyfromthem.10．Whatistheresultofthewaypeoplefarm?A．Manyfarmershavelosttheirhomes.B．Thepopulationis

becomingsmaller.C．Somerarespeciesaregone.D．Thecropsarepoorinnutrition.11．Howdoestheauthorsound?A．Hopeless.B．Ent

husiastic.C．Optimistic.D．Worried.【答案】8．A9．B10．C11．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的农业活动对马达加斯加岛上的生物多样性造成了极大的破坏。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“MadagascarliesintheIndia

nOceanofftheeastcoastofAfrica.Theislandisperhapsbestknownastheuniquehomeofthelemur”可知，马达加斯加岛位于非洲东海岸外的

印度洋上，它是狐猴的独特家园，故A项正确。9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AndsothreatenedisthatflorathatBritishandMalagasyscientistswereinvolvedinaprojecttoc

ollectseedsfromtheislandtobestoredinaBritishseedbank.”可知，科学家之所以从马达加斯加岛上收集种子存到英国的种子库是因为岛上的植物群受到严重威胁（处于极度危险之中），故B

项正确。10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“SowearelosingmanyofthosespeciesinMadagascar,thoseuniquespecies.”可知，（毁林种田的后果是）我们正在失去马达加斯加岛上的一些独有物种，故C项正确。

11．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章一开始就说马达加斯加岛上植物群受到严重威胁并引起了科学家们重视，后文又介绍了人们毁林种田导致一些独有物种正在消失（生物多样性受到破坏），作者对此表现出了极大的担忧，故D项正确。（2020届河北衡水中学高三第二次联考）Scie

ntistswhostudytheSunwatchforsunspots—violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications，navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEart

h.SunspotsareaproductofhugeelectromagneticstormsontheSun.ScientistsontheEarthareabletoobservesunspotseightminutesaftertheyhappen.Thatishowlongi

ttakesfortheSun‟slighttoreachus.Thefirstelectricallychargedparticles(颗粒）fromasunspotentertheEarth‟satmosphereabout20to

30minutesafterthestormhappens.Theseparticlescanharmhumanbeings.Sobeforetheyarrive,astronautsontheInternationalSpace

Stationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects.Aboutadayortwolater,thebiggestpartofthestormarrives.Itiscall

edacoronalmassejection.“Thatisbillionsoftonsofsolarmaterialthat'sblownawayfromtheSun.It‟stravelingmillionsofkilometers

anhour,butthatisrelativelyslow.”saysAlexYoung,theAssociateDirectorforScienceatNASA'sHeliophysicsScienceDivision.Severalciviliangovernmentagenciesand

theU.S.AirForcewatchweatherconditionsinspace24hoursaday.NASAdoessobecauseitmustprotectitsastronautsandtheelectronicdevicesonitsspacec

raft.Scientistsarealsotryingtounderstandwhythenumberofsunspotsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.Inotherword

s,scientistscanalmostpredicttheamountofsolaractivity.Sometimestheintensity(强度）ishigher，sometimeslower，Forexampl

e,thecurrentsolarcycle,asitiscalled,ismuchlowerthanthepreviousone.SeveralsatelliteswatchtheSunandtheenvironmentbetw

eentheSunandthoEarth.PicturesandotherinformationfromthesatellitestellscientistswhatishappeningonandneartheSun.AlexYoungsayswe

haveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.Thaiisaveryshorttimecomparedtoll\ofourbillionyearsthatthostarha

sbeenshining.12．WhydoastronautsonInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialarea?A．Toavoidbeingharmed.B．Tochargethebattery.C．TowatchtheSunclose

lyD．Toprotectdevicesonthespacecraft.13．Howlongdoesasolarcyclelast?A．About8minutes.B．About20to30minutesC．About11years.D．About30to40minut

es14．WhatenablesscientiststowatchtheSun?A．Environmentalchanges.B．GoodweatherconditionsC．Advancedinstruments.D．Governmentagencies15．Whatdoes

thepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theroleofsatellites.B．findingsaboutsunpotsC．Observationofspace.D．Communicationontheearth.

【答案】12．A13．C14．C15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳黑子活动及其对地球的影响。12．细节理解题。由第三段可知，太阳黑子活动时发出的带电顆粒,对人类有危害,由本段中的“Sobeforetheyarrive,astr

onautsontheInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects.所以在他们到达之前，国际空间站的宇航员会进入特殊区

域，以保护他们免受影响。可知，为了让宇航员免受带电粒子之苦，国际空间站的宇航员会进入特殊区域。选项A符合题意。故选A项。13．细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段第一句Scientistsarealsotryingtounderstandwhythenumberofsunsp

otsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.科学家们也在试图了解为什么太阳黑子的数量几乎每11年会有定期的升降。可知，太阳黑子的活动周期是11年，选项C符合题意。故选C项。14

．细节理解题。由最后一段中的第一句AlexYoungsayswehaveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.AlexYoung说我们用强大的

仪器，观测太阳已经有30到40年了。可知，科学家们利用功能强大的仪器设备观测太阳，选项C符合题意。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。根据完整第一段“ScientistswhostudytheSunwatchfo

rsunspots—violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications,navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEarth.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍的有关太

阳黑子活动的一些发现，选项B符合题意。故选B项。（2020届河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟）Theplaceofexposuretothegreatestamountofallergen（过敏原）forthelo

ngesttimeisinthebedroom.Upto60%ofthedustmites（螨虫）foundinthehomeareactuallylivinginyourbedandyouspendaboutone-thirdofyourlifeinthe

bedroom!And,bedroomsaretheeasiestareatocontrolasanallergenfreezone.Yourcleaningprofessionalwillfirstvacuumthemattress（垫子）,carpetingan

dfurnitureusingavacuumcleaner.ThemattressisthenthoroughlycleanedonallsurfacesusingtheResponsibleCarecleaningagentsandaspeciallowmoisturecleaningtoold

esignedtoleavethemattressasdryaspossible.Followingcleaning,AllergyReliefTreatmentisappliedtoallmattresssurfacesusingafin

emistapplication.Themattressisthenplacedinadryingpositionandaspecialairmoverusedtospeedthedryingprocess,which,dependin

gupontemperatureandhumidity,normallytakesaboutanhour.Thesamesafecleaningagentsareusedtocleanthebedroomcarpetingandifdesired,anyfurnitureorrugs

.ThisisalsofollowedbyanapplicationofAllergyReliefTreatment.Onceagain,aspeeddryingsystemissetuptodryth

ecleaneditemsasquicklyaspossibleandbringthehumiditydowntonormallevels.Baseboardsandwindowsillsarecleanedas

well.Whilethecleaningandtreatmentserviceisbeingperformeditishighlyrecommendedthatthebeddingandpillowsbewashedinhotwaterandthattwocupso

fAllergyReliefTreatmentbeaddedtothewashingcycle.Whileservicingthebedroomisthehighestpriority（优先）,significantbenefitsmayalsoresul

tfromcleaningandtreatingotherareaswhereallergysufferersspendlotsoftime.Theseareasincludethefurniturean

dcarpetinginroomswheretimeisspentwatchingtelevision,readingandsoon.Also,carpetedareasthatpetshaveacce

sstoshouldbecleanedandtreated.Atestforthepresenceofdustmitesinquantitiesrequiringtreatmentisalsoavailablefromourcompany.Butwew

illonlytestdustmitesandwillnotprovideinformationonpetallergen.8．Whichplacehasthemostdustmitesinyourroom?A．Bed.B．Carpet.C．Furniture.D．

Floor.9．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A．Theuseofcleaningagents.B．Thesurfacesofmattress.C．Cleani

ngthemattress.D．Dryingthemattress.10．WhatdoweknowaboutAllergyReliefTreatmentmentionedinthispassage?A．Itisacuretoal

lergy.B．Itisatooltokillmites.C．Itisthenameofacompany.D．Itisachemicaltopreventallergy.11．Wheremightthispassagecomefrom?A．

Amagazineaboutfurniture.B．Thewebsiteofacleaningcompany.C．Thewebsiteofahospital.D．Anewspaperonpublichealth.

【答案】8．A9．C10．D11．B【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了专业人员是如何一步一步对你的卧室以及其他可能引起过敏的地方进行清洗和处理，以便使你远离过敏原。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中Upto60%ofthedustmites（螨虫）foundinthe

homeareactuallylivinginyourbedandyouspendaboutone-thirdofyourlifeinthebedroom!在家里发现的螨虫中，实际上多达60%生活在你的床上，而你一生中的三分之一时间都在卧室里度过！可知，床是螨虫最多的地方。故选A项。9．主旨大意

题。结合第二段ThemattressisthenthoroughlycleanedonallsurfacesusingtheResponsibleCarecleaningagentsandaspeciallowmoisturecleaningtooldes

ignedtoleavethemattressasdryaspossible.Followingcleaning,AllergyReliefTreatmentisappliedtoallmattresssurf

acesusingafinemistapplication.Themattressisthenplacedinadryingpositionandaspecialairmoverusedtospeedthedry

ingprocess,which,dependingupontemperatureandhumidity,normallytakesaboutanhour.然后使用专门的护理清洁剂和专门设计的低湿度清洁工具彻底清洁床垫的所有表面，使床垫尽可能干燥。清洁后，使用细雾剂对所有床垫表面进行防过敏处理。然

后将床垫放置在干燥位置，并使用一个特殊的空气输送装置来加速干燥过程，这取决于温度和湿度，通常需要大约一个小时。因此，本段主要讲述清理床垫的过程。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据第二段中AllergyReliefTre

atmentisappliedtoallmattresssurfacesusingafinemistapplication.使用细雾剂对所有床垫表面进行防过敏处理，以及第三段中twocupsofAllergyrelieftreatmentbeaddedtothewashingcycle.在清洗

周期中添加两杯抗过敏剂。可推知，AllergyreliefTreatment是一种用来除螨，预防过敏的药剂。故选D项。11．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了专业人员上门提供清洁服务的细节。结合最后一段Atestfo

rthepresenceofdustmitesinquantitiesrequiringtreatmentisalsoavailablefromourcompany.我们公司还提供了需要的尘螨检测。推测本文最有可能选自一家清洁公司的网站。故

选B项。