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专题01阅读理解之说明文（一）（2020届河南省名校联盟高三联考）Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisannualmovementiscalledmigration

.Theymigratetofindfood,seekapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterf

ly.Everyautumn,millionsofthesebeautifulinsectswithfineblackandorangewingsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.Somehowtheymanaget

otravelaround4,000kilometerssouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.However,untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.Ateamof

scientistsledbyProfessorEliShlizermanattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundtheanswer.Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeo

fday.Itusesitseyestomeasurethepositionofthesun.Thesetwopiecesofinformation—thetimeofdayandthepointwherethes

unisinthesky—allowthebutterflytodeterminethewaytogo.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillsp

endthewinter.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.Itspopulationhascrashedbyasmuchas90percent

inthelastfewyears.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Inmanyoftheplaceswherethe

butterflycanbefound,peoplearedestroyingthenaturalenvironment.Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsthat

monarchcaterpillarseat.Theresearchonthemonarch’sbehaviorhashoweverledtoagreaterawarenessofthiscreature.Peop

lehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforittofeedon.Ifthisworks

,theremaycomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.Themoreweknowaboutthislovelycreatu

re,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.8．Whichisnotthepurposeofanimals’migrationaccordingtothetext?A．T

osearchforfood.B．Tolookforapartner.C．Tobreedyoungbabies.D．Tostayawayfromcoldweather.9．Whatmainlycausedthedecreaseinthenumberofth

emonarchbutterflies?A．Weatherchanges.B．Humanactivities.C．Treesbeingcutdown.D．Thelongmigrationeveryyear.10．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Allthean

imalsmigrateatfixedtimesoftheyear.B．Themonarchhastheabilitytoidentifythetimeofday.C．Thepopulationofthemonarchisdecreasingrapidlyever

yyear.D．Nooneknowshowthemonarchbutterfliesmaketheirwaytotheirdestinations.11．Whatdoesthelastparagraphimplyab

outtheresearch?A．Itisquiteencouraging.B．itisfairlycomplex.C．Itisveryunacceptable.D．Itisratheruseless.【答案】8．C9．B10．B11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了帝王蝶的迁徙及人类

活动是导致帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因，向读者揭示了人与自然和谐共处的意义。8．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话―Theymigratetofindfood,seekapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.‖可知，动物迁徙的目的中本文并没有提及―

tobreedyoungbabies‖（繁衍幼虫）这一项。故选C项。9．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句―Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.‖可知，人类活动

是导致帝王蝶数量减少的主要原因。故选B项。10．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句―Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.‖可知，科研人员发现帝王蝶是

有辨别时间的能力的。故选B项。11．推理判断题.根据最后一段中Ifthisworks,theremaycomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.Themo

reweknowaboutthislovelycreature,thegreaterthechanceitwillsurviveandkeepitsplaceinthenaturalworldforalongtimetocome.（如果这种方法有效的话，也许有一天帝王蝶的数量

会再次增加。我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它存活下来并在未来很长一段时间内保持其在自然界地位的机会就越大。）可知，这个研究使得人们提高了对帝王蝶这一生物的重视并作出共同努力，从而使得人们有望再次见到帝王蝶数量的增长，这种结果无疑是使人感到振奋、鼓舞的。故选A

项。（2020届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟）We’redrowninginplastic.Ifyouwanttoreduceyourowncontributiontotheplasticpollutionproblem,recyc

lingmightseemlikeaneasysolution.Butwhathappensafteryoucleanoutthoseplasticcontainersandpourthemintoarecyclingbin?Unfortuna

tely,theoutcomeisn’tasrosyasmanypeoplethink;recyclingisunlikelytogiveplasticto-gocontainersnewlife.―Ofallthewasteproducedin2017,only8.4%ofi

teventuallygotrecycled.It’snotthatconsumersaren’tmotivatedtorecycleorthattheydon’thavereadyaccesstorecyclingprograms;theUnitedStatessimpl

ydoesn’thavetheproperfacilities(设施),‖saidJohnHocevar,amarinebiologistwithGreenpeaceUSA．ArecentreportsurveyedtheUn

itedStates’367materialsrecoveryfacilities—thefacilitiesthatsortourrecycling—andfoundonlyplasticbottleswereregularlyrecycled.Thefateofmostothertypes

ofplasticsuchaspackagingusuallyendsupbeingburiedorburnt.Notallplasticiscreatedequal.Ifyouturnoveratransparentplasticbottle,likethoseusedtoho

ldwater,you’llnoticeanumber―1‖insideatriangularrecyclingsymbol.Non-transparentjugs,likethekindthatholdmilk,geta―2‖.Atmat

erialsrecoveryfacilities,orMRF’s,plasticsgetsortedbasedonthesenumbers,whichindicatehowrecyclablethey

are.Numbers1and2arerelativelyrecyclable.Recyclinggetsmoredifficultwithhighernumbers,called―mixedplastic‖.Thiswastemakesuparound69%ofalltheplas

ticweuse.It’smuchmoreexpensivetoprocessthannumbers1and2.SowhattheUnitedStatesneedsisfacilitiesequipped

toprocessotherkindsofplastic.ButHocevarcameupwithadifferentsolution:―Thereallysimpleansweristhatwehavetostopmakingsomuch

throwawayplastic.‖Thatsaid,isrecyclingworthit?Forbottleslabeled(贴标签)―1‖or―2‖,theansweris―yes‖.There’salsoagrowingma

rketforplasticslabeled―5‖.Forothernumbers,Hocevar’sanswerwassimple:aresounding(响亮的)―no‖onnumbers3,4,6and7.8．WhichproblemistheUSAfacingacco

rdingtothetext?A．Peopledon’tknowthebestwaytorecycle.B．Readyrecyclingprogramsarenotaccessible.C．Peoplelack

awarenessaboutplasticrecycling.D．Thereisn’tsuitableequipmentforplasticrecycling.9．WhatmayJohnHocevarthinkofplasticrecyclingi

ntheUSA?A．Productive.B．Promising.C．Unsatisfying.D．Controversial.10．Whatinformationcanthenumbersonplasticbottlesconvey?A．Whetheritiseasytorecyclethe

m.B．Therecyclingtechnologytheyneed.C．Theyplaceswheretheywereproduced.D．Whichdustbinweshouldputthemint

o.11．WhatshouldwedowithplasticaccordingtoHocevar?A．Giveuptheuseofplastic.B．Developmorecheaperfacilities.C．Onlyrecycleplasticslabeled1to

5.D．Reducetheproductionofmixedplastic.【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．D【解析】本文为说明文。讲述了塑料垃圾回收问题，标有不同数字符号的塑料瓶回收的成本也不同，有些可以回收，有些应该停止制造。8．细节理解题。根据第二段It’snotthatconsumers

aren’tmotivatedtorecycleorthattheydon’thavereadyaccesstorecyclingprograms;theUnitedStatessimplydoesn’thavetheproperfaci

lities（这并不是说消费者没有回收利用的动机，也不是说他们没有现成的回收利用的途径;美国就是没有适当的设施）可知，美国所遇到的问题没有适当的设施，故选D。9．推理判断题。根据―Ofallthewasteproducedin2017,only8.4%of

iteventuallygotrecycled.…theUnitedStatessimplydoesn’thavetheproperfacilities(设施),‖saidJohnHocevar,amarinebiologistwithGreenpeaceUSA.（

―在2017年产生的所有垃圾中，只有8.4%最终得到回收利用。…美国就是没有适当的设施。‖美国绿色和平组织的海洋生物学家JohnHocevar说，）可知，JohnHocevar对美国塑料回收不满意，故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第五段Numbers

1and2arerelativelyrecyclable.Recyclinggetsmoredifficultwithhighernumbers,called―mixedplastic‖.（数字1和2是相对可回收的。塑料的数量越高，回收就越困难，被称

为混合塑料。）可知，塑料瓶上的数字代表了回收难度，故选A。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Hocevarcameupwithadifferentsolution:―Thereallysimpleans

weristhatwehavetostopmakingsomuchthrowawayplastic.‖（Hocevar想出了一个不同的解决方案:―真正简单的答案是我们必须停止制造这么多的一次性塑料。‖）可知，按照Hocevar所说，对于无法回收的混合塑料，我们应该减少生产

，故选D。（2020届河南省濮阳市高三第二次模拟）Sometimes,youjustcan’tsaynotoanotherspoonfuloficecreamandmaybeonemoreafterthat.Whynot?Youdeservei

t.There’snoneedtobeatyourselfupaboutitlater.Thetruthisthatyouwereprobablyboundtodothatfromtheveryfirstspoonful.That’sbecauseth

ereisaswitchinyourbrain,andforwhateverreason,itcangetstuckinthe―on‖position.Accordingtoanewstudy,thisimpulse(冲动

)controlmaycomedowntoaveryspecificcircuit(回答)inthebrainwhichoccasionallyproducesmelanin-concentratinghormone,orMCH—achemicallinkedwithourdesir

eforfoodordrugs.Andthatcircuitalwayssaysyes.Bymanipulatingthiscircuit,itispossiblethatwemightbeabletodevelopcuresfor

overeatingthathelppeoplesticktoadietwithoutreducingnormalappetiteormakingdeliciousfoodslikedonutslessdelicious.Fortheirresearch,thescientist

streatedratstoaself-servebuffet.Burthetreatswereonatimeddeliverysystem,makingtastyfoodevery20seconds,andonlywhenaratpressedalever

(杠杆).Hitthatlevertooearly—asimpatienttestsubjectsoccasionallydid—andthecounterwouldstartfromscratch.Lever-hap

pyratswouldhavetowaitanothercyclebeforethefoodbecameavailableagain.Asecondexperimentofferedtheratstwodiningoptions.PushLeverAandgetanimmediat

esmallreward.PushingLeverBmeantswaitingforaround40seconds,butthefoodrewardwouldbemuchbigger.Guesswhichlevert

hoseimpatientratsweremostfoodof?That’sright.Theypickedthenow-now-nowswitch.Theirimpulsiveness,however,rosesharplywhenscientistsgavetheratsMCH.Th

eseanimalsbecomemoreimpulsive.MCH,itseemed,couldtalkratsintolooseningitsinhibitions(拘束).Theresult?Moreplease.Researcherscannowseewheret

hatconversationbetweenthebrain’srewardsystemanditsimpulsecontrolcentertakesplace.Thenextstepwillbetomapit—andpotentiallyinfluencethed

iscussion.Itmayeventuallybepossibletocontrolafood-eatingimpulse.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword―manipulating‖inparagrap

h4?A．Strengthening.B．Controlling.C．Classifying.D．Creating.13．Whatwouldhappenwhenaratpressedaleverearlierthanthefixed

time?A．Abiggerfoodrewardwouldappear.B．Tastyfoodwouldbedeliveredmuchsooner.C．Longertimewouldbeneededforfoodtoappe

ar.D．Theleverwouldbestoppedformdeliveringfood.14．Whydidtheresearchersconducttheexperiments?A．TofindouttheeffectofMCHona

nimals.B．Toproveratsarealsogreedyformorefood.C．Tostudyhowleversinfluencerats’impulse.D．Toshowratsandhumanshavesimilarimpulsefo

rfood.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhatIstheEffectofYourImpulse?B．WhatCanYouDotoResistMoreFood?C．WhyCan’tYouSay―No‖toYourImpulse?D．Why

DoYouAlwaysGiveintoOneMoreMouthful?【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。有时候，你总是忍不住再吃一勺冰淇淋，根据最新研究显示，这种冲动控制可以归结为大脑中偶尔会

产生的黑色素浓缩激素，或者称MCH，它是与我们对食物或药物的渴望有关的化学物质。12．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的Andthatcircuitalwayssaysyes.可知，它总是说同意；根据划线词后面的i

tispossiblethatwemightbeabletodevelopcuresforovereatingthathelppeoplesticktoadietwithoutreducingnormalappetiteormakingdeliciousfoodsl

ikedonutslessdelicious.可知，我们有可能开发出治疗暴饮暴食的方法，这个方法能帮助人们在不降低正常食欲的情况下坚持节食，或是让甜甜圈这样的美味食物变得不那么美味。由此可以推理出，是控制大脑中的那个回答，来研发出方法。因此下划线单词manipu

lating意为―操作、控制‖，结合选项，选B。13．细节理解题。根据第五段Hitthatlevertooearly—asimpatienttestsubjectsoccasionallydid—andthecounterwouldstartfr

omscratch.Lever-happyratswouldhavetowaitanothercyclebeforethefoodbecameavailableagain.就像不耐烦的受试者偶尔做的那样，太早按杠杆，计时器会从头开始。在食物再次供应之前，快乐的老鼠将不得不等待另一

个循环。由此可以看出，当老鼠在规定时间之前按下杠杆时，食物出现需要更长的时间。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据导数第二段Theirimpulsiveness,however,rosesharplywhenscientistsgavetheratsMCH.These

animalsbecomemoreimpulsive.MCH,itseemed,couldtalkratsintolooseningitsinhibitions(拘束).可知，然而，当科学家给老鼠MCH时，他们的冲动急剧上升。MCH似乎能让老鼠放松抑制。由此可以看出，研究

者的实验是为了了解MCH对动物的影响。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段Sometimes,youjustcan’tsaynotoanotherspoonfuloficecreamandmaybeonemoreafterthat.可知，有时，你拒绝

不了另一勺冰激凌或者再来一个；根据第三段Accordingtoanewstudy,thisimpulse(冲动)controlmaycomedowntoaveryspecificcircuit(回答)inthebrainwhichoccasionallyproducesmelanin-

concentratinghormone,orMCH—achemicallinkedwithourdesireforfoodordrugs.可知据最新研究显示，这种冲动控制可以归结为大脑中的一个很特别的回答，它偶尔会产生的黑色素浓缩激素，或者称MCH，它是与

我们对食物或药物的渴望有关的化学物质。由此可以看出，文章研究的是―你为什么总要多吃一口‖现象，故选D。（2020届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测）Almosteveryonehasheardtheexpression―thecalmbeforethestorm‖.Itisusually

usedtodescribeapeacefulperiodjustbeforeaverystressfulsituationoratenseargument.Britishsailorscreatedthephraseinthelate1600s.Theynotedthatbeforece

rtainstormstheseaswouldseemtobecomestaticandthewindswoulddrop.Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?Sciencehasgivenustheanswer.Acc

ordingtoUSwebsiteHowStuffWorks,acalmperiodoccursbecausemanystorms,suchashurricanesandtornadoes(龙卷风),drawinallthewarmand

dampairfromthesurroundingarea.Asthisairrisesintothestormclouds,itcoolsandactsas―fuelforthestorm,likepetrolinacar‖.Onceth

estormhastakenalltheenergyitcanfromtheair,itispushedoutfromthetopofthestormcloudsandfallsbackdowntogroundlevel.As

theairgoesdown,itbecomeswarmanddry.Warm,dryairisstable,soonceitcoversanarea,itcausesacalmperiodbeforethestorm.Thissameprocessalsocauses―the

eyeofthestorm‖inhurricanesandtornadoes.Intheseconditions,thecalmoccursinthecenterofthestormbecauseofthestrongwindsmovinginacircle.TheWeatherNetwo

rkhasatipforworkingouthowfarawayastormis.First,counthowmanysecondstherearebetweenaflashoflightningandaclapofthunder.Roughly3s

econdsequal1kilometer.So,forexample,ifyoucount9seconds,thestormisabout3kilometersaway.Agoodjudgementisthatifyourcountisbelow30seconds,youshouldse

ekshelterstraightaway.However,duetothecomplexityofstormsystem,notallstormsbreakaftercalm.Giventherightconditions,

somestormsannouncethemselveswithheavyrainandcoldwinds.So,yourbestbetistokeepyourselfupdatedwithweatherreports

foranypredictionsregardingacomingstorminyourarea.That’sthemostreliableandsensiblewaytopredictthenextdisplayofnature’stem

per.8．Theunderlinedword―static‖inParagraph2probablymeans―________‖.A．violentB．warmC．stillD．changeable9．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A

．Tofindouthowastormcomesintobeing.B．Toexplainwhyapeacefulperiodoccursbeforeastorm.C．Toprovewhethertheresearchonstorm

cloudsiscorrect.D．Toshowhowdangerousastormcanbeincertainsituations.10．Ifthere’re15secondsbetweenaflashoflightningandathunderclap

,howfaristhestormaway?A．About3kilometers.B．About5kilometers.C．About9kilometers.D．About15kilometers.11．Whatcanbelearn

edfromthepassage?A．Stormsdon’talwaysblowupaftercalm.B．Stormshaveabadinfluenceonourlife.C．Weatherreportsmayfailt

opredictastorm.D．Heavystormsdon’tusuallylastalongtime.【答案】8．C9．B10．B11．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章从科学角度解释了暴风雨前的平静。8．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的thewindswoulddrop.Bu

twhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?可知，风也会减弱，为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢？这说明在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为―静止的‖，故C项正确。9．推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的Butwhyisitoftensocalmbef

oreastorm?及第三段中的Sciencehasgivenustheanswer.可知，为什么暴风雨来临前总是很平静呢？科学家们给出了答案。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是从科学角度解释暴风雨前的平静，故B项正确。10．细节理解题。根

据第五段中的First,counthowmanysecondstherearebetweenaflashoflightningandaclapofthunder.Roughly3secondsequal1kilometer.可知，首先，数一数闪电和雷声之间有多少秒

，大约3秒等于1公里。由此可知，如果闪电和雷声之间有15秒的间隔，暴风雨还有大约5公里，故B项正确。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的However,duetothecomplexityofstormsystem

,notallstormsbreakaftercalm.可知，然而，由于风暴系统的复杂性，并不是所有的暴风雨都会在平静之后爆发，故A项正确。（2020届河南省郑州市第三次质量预测）RecordfiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrecentlyhavebeenmaki

ngtheheadlinesasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsenclimatechangecrisisandendangerbiodiversity(生物多样性）。Ast

helargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonisoftencalled"thelungsoftheworld‖.Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesof

plantsandanimals,and1millionlocalpeople.Thevastareaofrainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecauseitabsorbsheatinstea

dofreflectingheatbackintotheatmosphere.Italsostorescarbondioxideandproducesoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbo

nisreleased,reducingtheeffectsofclimatechange.＂Anyforestdestroyedisadangertobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity,"ThomasLovejoy,anecol

ogistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic."Thegreatdangeristhatalotofcarbongoesintotheatmosphere,"hestressed."Inthemidstoftheglobal

climatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonmustbeprotected,"UNSecretaryGeneralAntonioGuterressaid.Dataf

romtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedb

y82percentfromJanuarytoAugustayearago.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirst8monthsof2019,upfrom39,194in

thesameperiodin2018,INPEsaid.＂WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomethingbetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months,"C

arlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradation(恶化

）couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhasgonebeyondBrazil'sbo

rders.12．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThegreatroleoftheAmazonrainforest.B．Theeffectsofconsistentclimatechange.C．Thecausesofthedecrea

singbiodiversity.D．TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.13．Whydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinthefourthparagraph?A．Toexplaintheprocessofthere

search.B．Topresentthebadinfluenceofforestfires.C．Toprovethegreatimportanceoftherainforest.D．Toshowtheemergencyofprotectingth

erainforest.14．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthepassage?A．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B．Thebi

odiversitymakestherainforestunique.C．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.D．Theglobalclimatecr

isisbringsmorerainforestfires.15．Whichsectionofamagazinemightthispassageprobablybetakenfrom?A．Climateandlife.B．Natureandgeography.C．

Humankindandsociety.D．Scienceandtechnology.【答案】12．A13．D14．C15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雨林火灾造成严重的后果以及保护亚马逊雨林的紧急性。12．主旨大意题。根据

第二段第三句―Thevastareaofrainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecauseitabsorbsheatinsteadofreflectingheatbackintotheatmospher

e.‖可知，广袤的雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它吸收热量，而不是将热量反射回大气。再结合第二段内容可知，第二段主要讲亚马逊雨林的巨大作用。故选A项。13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的―Weestimatethat

theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonhavedecreasedsomethingbetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months‖可知，CarlosNobre说：―我们估计巴西亚马逊河流域的森林面积比过去1

2个月减少了20%到30%‖。再根据第三段最后一句中的―TheAmazonmustbeprotected‖可推知，作者提到第四段中的数字是为了说明保护雨林的紧急性。故选D项。14．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其最后一段―Br

azilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradation(恶化）couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theexten

tofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhasgonebeyondBrazil'sborders.‖可知，巴西拥有大约60%的亚马逊雨林，其恶化可能对全球气候和降雨的后果严重。火灾毁坏的地区范围尚未确定

，但紧急情况已经超出了巴西的边界。由此可推知，作者旨在告诉我们，雨林火灾造成严重的后果。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据第一段中的―theywillworsenclimatechangecrisisandendangerbiodiversit

y‖和第二段中的―Thevastareaofrainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystem‖并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述的是关于自然和地理的知识，所以本文最有可能摘自报纸的自然

地理部分。故选B项。（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）Areyouseekingajobtostartyourcareerinteaching?AreyouenthusiasticaboutteachingEnglis

h?Ifyes,wehaveaperfectroleforyou!ReedEducationTeachersisworkingwithgoodandoutstandingschoolsinWalthamForestthatarelookingforenthusiasti

candexcellentEnglishteachers.Whatwillbeofferedtoyou:●Supportindevelopingwithinanoutstandingschool;●Anoutstandingwork

ingenvironment;●Opportunitiesandsupportforpersonaldevelopment;●Opportunitiesforrapiddevelopmentwithintheschool;●Competit

iveandnegotiablestartingsalaries;●Rapid,freeandall-sidedsupport;●Professionalinsightintotherightschoolsforyoutobeginyourteachingcareer;●Continuedp

rofessionaldevelopment;●Additionalbenefitsavailable.Youwillbe:●TeachingKS3/4English;●SupportedfromtheHeadofEnglishin

toteachingKS5English;●EncouragingandhelpingstudentsdeveloptheirEnglishspeaking,writingandreading;●Organized,abletodose

veraltasksatthesametimeandhaveenthusiasmforwork;●Abletobuildacloserelationshipwithcolleaguesandworkwithinateameffectively;●ReportingtotheHeadofDepart

mentevery15days;●Supportingtheideas,principlesandvaluesoftheschool.Theschools:●JudgedbyOfsted(英国教育标准局）asoutstandingschools;●Excellentfame;●Fo

cusonachievementsandrapidlygrowing;●Enthusiasticaboutsupportingnewstaffintheircareermove;●Friendlyandsupportivestaffs.Interested?Applytoday!

Youwillbecontactedbymarketa.juggapah@reedglobal.comifselectedbyus.ReedEducationStratford-wearedevotedtohelpingchildrenandyou

ngpeopledevelop.Throughourcommunicationwithourschools,wecanhighlighttheirneedsandrespondtothemwiththebes

tstaffpossible.Asateacher,youwillbenefitfromhavingyourownpersonalconsultanttoworkwith,whichiswherewedifferfrommo

stagencies.Let'sworktogethertofindtheperfectroleforyou.1．ForwhatpurposedoesReedEducationTeachersmaketheadvertisement?A．Toa

ttractsometopstudents.B．TolookforsomeexcellentEnglishteachers.C．TooffersomeEnglishcoursesfreeofcharge.D．Toraisesomemoneytosetupsomeoutstandi

ngschools.2．Peoplewhogetthejobmust_A．haveteamspiritB．becompetitiveinallfieldsC．adjusttotherulesoftheschoolquicklyD．beabl

etoworkinahigh-pressureenvironment3．GoodandoutstandingschoolsinWalthamForestA．haveverystrictrulesB．offerahighsa

laryfortheirstaffC．focusmoreonstudents'developmentD．helpthenewteachersdevelopbetter【答案】1．B2．A3．D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是ReedEducationTeachers

发布的一则招聘英语教师广告。文章介绍了学校将为聘用的教师提供什么，教师的职责，对招聘教师的学校的介绍。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的ReedEducationTeachersisworkingwithgooda

ndoutstandingschoolsinWalthamForestthatarelookingforenthusiasticandexcellentEnglishteachers.(ReedEducationTeacher

s正在与WalthamForest的优秀学校合作，寻找热情又优秀的英语教师。)可知ReedEducationTeachers做这个广告的目的是寻找一些优秀的英语教师。故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据―Youwillbe:‖段中的Abletobuildacloserelat

ionshipwithcolleaguesandworkwithinateameffectively(能够与同事建立密切关系，并在团队内有效工作)可知得到这份工作的人必须有团队精神。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据第一段中的ReedEducationTeachersisworkingwith

goodandoutstandingschoolsinWalthamForest(ReedEducationTeachers正在与WalthamForest的优秀学校合作)可知此则广告中的―Theschools‖指的是WalthamForest的优秀学校。再根据―T

heschools:‖段中的Enthusiasticaboutsupportingnewstaffintheircareermove(积极支持新员工的职业发展)可知WalthamForest的优秀学校帮助新教师更好地发展。故选D项。（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟

）OnJanuary12,afewdaysafterregistrationforthecourseofPsychologyandtheGoodLife,roughly300peoplehadsign

edup.Withinthreedays,thefigurehadmorethandoubled.Afterthreemoredays,about1,200students,ornearlyone-fourthofYaleundergraduat

es,wereenrolled.Thecourse,taughtbyLaurieSantos,42,apsychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale'sresidentialcolleges,triest

oteachstudentshowtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglifeintwice-weeklylectures.＂Studentswanttochange,tobehappierthemselves,andtochangetheculturehereo

ncampus,"Dr,Santossaidinaninterview."WithoneinfourstudentsatYaletakingit,ifweseegoodhabits,thingslikestudentsshowingmoregratitu

de,delayingless,increasingsocialconnections,we'reactuallyseeingchangeintheschool'sculture."Dr.SantosdiscoveredthatYalest

udentsareinterestedintheclassbecause,inhighschool,theyhadtogiveuptheirhappinesstogainadmissiontotheschool,adopti

ngharmfullifehabitsthathaveledtowhatshecalled"thementalhealthcriseswe'reseeingatplaceslikeYale."A2013reportb

ytheYaleCollegeCouncilfoundthatmorethanhalfofundergraduatessoughtmentalhealthcarefromtheuniversityduringtheirtimethere.＂Inreality,alo

tofusareanxious,stressedandunhappy,"saidAlannahMaynez,19,afreshmantakingthecourse."Thefactthataclasslikethishassuchlargeinterestsp

eakstohowmuchstudentsnumbtheiremotions-bothpositiveandnegative-sotheycanonlyfocusontheirwork,thenextstepandthenextaccomplishment."

StudentshavelongrequestedthatYaleofferacourseonpositivepsychology,accordingtoWoo-Ky-oungAhn,directorofundergraduatestudiesinpsychology,w

hosaidshewas"blownaway"byDr.Santos'sproposalfortheclass.AdministratorslikeFr.Ahnexpectedsignificantenrollmentfortheclass

,butnoneanticipateditbeingquitesolarge.PsychologyandtheGoodLife,with1,182undergraduatescurrentlyenrolled,standsasthemostpopularco

urseinYale's316-yearhistory.Thepreviousrecord-holder-PsychologyandtheLaw-wasofferedin1992andhadabout1,050students,accordingtoMarvinChun,theYal

eCollegedean.MostlargelecturesatYaledon'texceed600.4．Whatisthepurposeofthecourse?A．Tomakestudentslearntoshowthanks.B．T

ochangethecultureofthecampus.C．Toincreasestudents'socialconnections.D．Toteachstudentshowtobecomehappier.5．Whatdoestheun

derlinedword"numb"inthefifthparagraphmean?A．Unabletoexpress.B．Managingtoletout.C．Willingtoshare.D．Failingtocontrol.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthe

fourthparagraph?A．Studentsareinterestedinthecourse.B．Studentssufferedfrommentalproblemsbefore.C．Studentshavecha

ngedgreatlyafterthecourse.D．Studentspaymuchattentiontotheirperformances.7．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Mental

problemsofundergraduates.B．Afamousprofessor-LaurieSantos.C．Yale'smostpopularcourseinhistory.D．Howtoteachcollegestudentstobehapp

y.【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁一所大学42岁的心理学教授LaurieSantos试图通过每周两次的课程讲座PsychologyandtheGoodLife，教授学生如何过上更快乐、更满

足的生活，而且<PsychologyandtheGoodLife>成为耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的课程。4．细节理解题。由文章的第2段中―Thecourse,taughtbyLaurieSantos,42,ap

sychologyprofessorandtheheadofoneofYale'sresidentialcolleges,triestoteachstudentshowtoleadahappier,moresatisfyinglifeintwice-weeklylectures.这门由42岁心理

学教授，也是耶鲁一所大学的校长，试图通过每周两次的讲座教授学生如何更快乐、更满足的生活。‖可知课程设置的目的是引导学生更开心更满意。故选D项。5．词句猜测题。由该句―Thefactthataclassl

ikethishassuchlargeinterestspeakstohowmuchstudentsnumbtheiremotions-bothpositiveandnegative-sotheycanonlyfocusontheirwork,thenextstepandthenextaccomp

lishment.事实上这样的课程引起学生这么大的兴趣，说明学生非常厌倦麻木自己的情绪—无论是积极的还是消极的—学生麻木自己的情绪是为了把注意力放在学业上，放在下一个任务上，放在下一个成就上。‖可知，学生的情绪已经麻木。故numb的意思为麻木的，即无法宣泄自己的情绪。故选A项

。6．推理判断题。根据文章第4段―Dr.SantosdiscoveredthatYalestudentsareinterestedintheclassbecause,inhighschool,theyhadtogiveuptheirhappine

sstogainadmissiontotheschool,adoptingharmfullifehabitsthathaveledtowhatshecalled"thementalhealthcriseswe'reseeingatplaceslikeYale.Dr.S

antos推测，耶鲁学生对这门课感兴趣是因为在高中阶段，他们为升学而不得不忽略自己的幸福快乐，养成了有害的生活习惯，导致了在耶鲁这样的地方，我们正在目睹精神健康危机。‖可知，学生们之前遭受了精神健康危机。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。由文章第1段―OnJanuary12,afewda

ysafterregistrationforthecourseofPsychologyandtheGoodLife,roughly300peoplehadsignedup.Withinthreedays,thefig

urehadmorethandoubled.Afterthreemoredays,about1,200students,ornearlyone-fourthofYaleundergraduates,wereenrolled.在耶魯大学的<Psychology

andtheGoodLife>课程开放注册三天后，注册人数达到300人左右；又过了三天，约有1200名学生，也就是近四分之一的耶鲁本科生报名选修这门课。‖和最后一段―PsychologyandtheGoodLife,with1,182undergradu

atescurrentlyenrolled,standsasthemostpopularcourseinYale's316-yearhistory.‖这门课程目前有1182名本科生报名选修，成为耶鲁建校316年来最受

欢迎的课程‖可知，<PsychologyandtheGoodLife>这门课程是耶鲁这所大学历史上最受欢迎的。故选C项。（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）Therearefewthingsinlifethata

remoreirritating(令人愤怒的）：Youaremid-conversationwithafriend.Suddenlyheburstsoutlaughing,makingyouthinkyou'v

emadeabrilliantjoke.Butthenhesays:"Sorry,Iwasn'tlaughingatyou,Ijustsawsomethingreallyfunnyonmicroblog."Heevenbeginsreplyingtoatextmessageor

checkinghise-mails.TheGuardiandescribedthescenethatafriend'sfaceburiedinascreen"adistinct21st-centuryproblem".Thephenomenone

vencoinsanewword"phubbing",referringtotheactofsnubbing(冷落）othersinasocialsettingbylookingatyourphoneinsteadofpayingattention.A

ccordingtoresearchbyadvertisingagencyMcCannintheUK,37percentofpeoplefeelitisworsenottoansweramessaget

hanitisto"phub"yourfriends.PhilReed,aprofessorofpsychologyatSwanseaUniversitywhohasstudiedInternetaddictiondisor

der,saidmanyphubbersshowsymptomsofaddictiontotheirmobilephone.Likepointingorpickingyournose,phubbingiswidelyconsideredrude,whichcanbeseenfromthepopul

arityof"StopPhubbing"campaign,whichstartedinAustraliaby23-year-oldAlexHaighwhowantstoshamepeoplewhosnubfriendsandfamilytheyar

ewithinfavorofcheckingtheirmobilephone.Thecampaign'swebsiteclaimsthat"97percentofpeopleclaimtheirfoodtastedworsewhilebeing

avictimofphubbing"and"92percentofrepeatphubbersgoontobecomepoliticians".AccordingtoKatySteinmetz,reporterwithTime,phubbing"hasamuchgrea

terpotentialtohamper（阻碍）real-lifeconnectionsbymakingpeoplearoundusfeellikewecaremoreaboutpoststhantheirpresence".S

hebelievesitisthereasonwhythecampaigncanresonate(产生共鸣）withpeopleandisgettingpressaroundtheworld.IntheUK,GlamourmagazineevenimaginedjusthowJaneAuste

nwouldhavesatirized(讽刺）thoseinneedofsocialetiquette(礼节）whenitcomestousingtheirsmartphone.Or,toparaphrase(意

译）thenovelist,howitisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasingleman(orwoman)inpossessionofagoodsmartphonemustbeinwantofmanners.8

．TheexampleintheopeningparagraphisusedtoshowA．howpeoplebenefitfrommoderntechnologyB．howtoreplytextmessagesande-mailspro

perlyC．howtoavoidhurtingyourfriends'feelingsD．howmobilephoneaddictiondamagesoursocialrelations9．Thepurposeofthe"Sto

pPhubbing"campaignisto_A．persuadepeopletostopusingmobilephonesB．giveprofessionaladvicetophubbingvictimsC．helppeoplerealizet

herudenessofphubbingbehaviorsD．encouragepeopletospendmoretimewiththeirfamily10．WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtotheart

icle?A．Peoplewhooftenphubaremorelikelytomakeasuccessfulpolitician.B．Pointingorpickingone'snosearecommonsymptomsofphubbers.C．Phubbingisag

ainsthumannatureinthatwedoneedreal-lifeconnections.D．MorethanonethirdBritishwouldrathernotansweramessagethanphu

btheirfriends.11．Whatisthetoneofthelastparagraph?A．seriousB．humorousC．doubtfulD．disagreeing【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述低头族沉迷于手机而冷落他人的现象，这

种行为是无礼的，而且阻碍了和现实生活的联系。8．推理判断题。由第一段第一句―Therearefewthingsinlifethataremoreirritating(令人愤怒的）：Youaremid-conversationwithafriend.‖，第

三句―Butthenhesays:"Sorry,Iwasn'tlaughingatyou,Ijustsawsomethingreallyfunnyonmicroblog."‖和最后一句―Heevenbeginsreplyingtoatextmess

ageorcheckinghise-mails.‖可知，在生活中有一些事情是更加令人愤怒的，那就是你在和朋友谈话过程中。他说，―抱歉，我不是在嘲笑你，我只是在微薄上看到一些有趣的事情。‖他甚至开始回复短信或者检查他的邮件。由此可见，朋友在谈话过程中专注手机的这种行为让作者非常愤怒。开头这个举

例是为了展示沉迷手机是如何破坏我们的社交关系。结合选项可知，选项D正确。9．推理判断题。由第四段前半部分―Likepointingorpickingyournose,phubbingiswidelyconsideredrude,wh

ichcanbeseenfromthepopularityof"StopPhubbing"campaign,‖可知，像指鼻子或者挖鼻子一样，低头族行为被认为是无礼的，这个从―禁止低头族‖运动的流行可以看出。由此可见，―禁止低头族

‖运动的目的是为了让人们意识到低头族行为是无礼的。结合选项可知，选项C正确。10．细节理解题。由第六段第一句―AccordingtoKatySteinmetz,reporterwithTime,phubbing"hasamuchgreaterpotentialtohamper（阻碍）real-l

ifeconnectionsbymakingpeoplearoundusfeellikewecaremoreaboutpoststhantheirpresence".‖可知，根据《时代》杂志的记者KatySteinmetz，低头族通过使我们周围的人觉得比起

他们的存在我们更关心邮件，去阻碍现实生活之间的联系。由此可知，低头症违背了人类的天性，因为我们确实需要现实生活中的联系。选项C正确。11．推理判断题。由最后一段第一句―IntheUK,GlamourmagazineevenimaginedjusthowJaneAustenwouldhave

satirized(讽刺）thoseinneedofsocialetiquette(礼节）whenitcomestousingtheirsmartphone.‖可知，在英国，《魅力杂志》甚至想象了简·奥斯丁如何讽刺那些要使用手机时需要社交礼节的人。由此

可知，―低头族也需要社交礼节‖表达的是一种幽默的讽刺。结合选项可知，选项B正确。（2020届黑龙江省实验校高三第二次模拟）OveracupoficedteaatthemidtownRadianceTeaHouse&Books,whosenoiseisnotmuchlouderthan

acoffeemachine's,GregoryScottFarber,anon-practicinglawyerwhoworksasaresearchanalyst,describedSoundPrinthecreatedas"Yelpfornoise".SoundPrin

tallowsuserstosearchforandgraderestaurantsandbarsaccordingtotheirsoundlevel."lacesaregettinglouder,"Farbersaid."Peopletellmethirtyo

rfortyyearsagoyoucouldgosomewheretoeatandexpecttohaveaconversation."Farbersuffersfrompermanenthearingloss,caused

bymeningitis(脑脊膜炎)whichhecontractedwhenhewasababy.Likesomanygreatinventions,Farber'sinventionarosefromadesiretofindlove-or,at

least,aplacetohaveadate."WhenIwasdating,Iputalotofeffortsintotryingtopickquietspots,"hesaid."I'dgoogle'quietresta

urants'.ThenIwouldshowup,butitwouldbenoisy."Hishearingaidhelped,butnotenough."Outofcuriosity,Istartedtakingde

cibel(分贝)measurements."Hesentalistofhisfavoritequietplacestofriendsinthehearing-losscommunity,andsoonfoundmanyrequestsfromhisnor

mal-hearingfriends.SoundPrintincludesasound-levelmeter,sodinersanddrinkerscantakemeasurementsusingtheirsmartphones,anduploadda

tatothedatabase.Farbersaidthattheappbringsnoprofit.SoundPrintcoversabouttwothousandcities,thoughonlyfifteenhaveasignificantn

umberofusers.Farberrecentlyanalyzedthedatafrom2,376Manhattanrestaurantsandbars,andthefindingsarenotgoodforears.Morethan70%ofthe

formerand90%ofthelatterwereratedas"loud"-definedasbetween76and80decibels,orasnoisyasanair-conditioner.12．Whatdoes

GregoryScottFarberdoforaliving?A．Hesellshearingaids.B．Hedevelopscomputerprograms.C．Hedefendspeopleinacourtoflaw.D．Hemakesadetailedanalysiso

fdata.13．WhydidFarbercreateSoundPrint?A．Becausehewantedtoearnmoremoney.B．Becausehecouldhearnothingwithoutahearingaid.C．Becausehewantedtohelphisfri

endswhosufferhearingloss.D．Becausehesufferedhearinglossandwantedtofindaquietplacefordating.14．Whatcanwel

earnfromthelastparagraph?A．SoundPrintcanbedownloadedtouser'sphones.B．SoundPrintcandetectnoisefromair-conditioner.C．SoundPrintiswidelyusedin2,000Am

ericancities.D．SoundPrintscananalyzedatafromrestaurantsandbars15．ThedatacollectedbySoundPrintshowedthat______inManhattan.A．

restaurantsarenoisierthanbarsB．alargemajorityofbarsarenoisyC．therearemorerestaurantsthanbarsD．allthe

barsareasnoisyasair-conditioners【答案】12．D13．D14．A15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述GregoryScottFarber开发了一个叫做SoundPrint的软件。通过数据收集和

分析，可以帮助用户找到安静的地方。12．细节理解题。根据第1段GregoryScottFarber,anon-practicinglawyerwhoworksasaresearchanalyst（GregoryScottFarber,一位非执业

律师,从事研究分析师工作）可知，GregoryScottFarber从事的是―研究分析师‖的工作。故选D项。13．细节理解题。由第2段Farbersuffersfrompermanenthearingloss,causedbymeningitis(脑脊膜炎）whichhecontracted

whenhewasababy.Likesomanygreatinventions,Farber'sinventionarosefromadesiretofindlove-or,atleast,aplacetohaveadate（法伯患有永久性听力损失，是由他小时候感染的脑膜炎引起

的。和许多伟大的发明一样，Farber的发明源于寻找爱情的渴望，或者至少是一个约会的地方。）可知，Farber发明SoundPrint的原因，是因为他从小患病，且为了在约会的时候找寻一个安静的地方。所以才开发了这款软件。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段SoundPrin

tincludesasound-levelmeter,sodinersanddrinkerscantakemeasurementsusingtheirsmartphones,anduploaddatatothedatabase(Sound

Print包括一个声音电平测量器，食客和饮酒者可以使用智能手机进行测量，并将数据上传到数据库)可知，用户可以通过手机下载SoundPrint。故选A项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段Farberrecentlyanalyzedthedatafrom2,376Manhattanrestaur

antsandbars,andthefindingsarenotgoodforears（Farber最近分析了来自曼哈顿2376家餐馆和酒吧的数据，发现这些餐馆和酒吧对耳朵不好）可知，这些曼哈顿的很多餐馆和酒吧产生的声音对耳朵不好，比

较吵闹。故选B项。（2020届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟）Gettingoldmightnotbesomethingthat'syettocrossyourmind.Butageingisunavoidablygoingtogetthebetterofusoneday.Andthat’s

whyscientistsareconstantlyseekingoutevidencethatwillshowuswhatweneedtodotoachievelongevity.Weallknowthatregularexerciseisgoodfor

us.Inrecentyears,althoughwe'vebeentoldtoaimtowalk10,000stepsadaytoremainhealthy,otheradvicetodothreequickandenerge

tic10-minutewalksadayisthoughttobeevenmoreeffective.Andthelatestpieceofresearchmightputaspringinyourstepifyou’resomeonewho

walksatafastpace.That’sbecause,accordingtoscientists,thespeedatwhichpeoplewalkintheir40sisasignofhowmuchtheirbrains

,aswellastheirbodies,areageing.Testson1,000peoplefromNewZealandborninthe1970sfoundthatslowerwalkerstendedtoshowsignsof"ac

celeratedageing".Theirlungs,teethandimmunesystemswereinworseshapethanthosewhowalkedfester.Andwhat’sworse,thestu

dyfoundnotonlydidslowerwalkers'bodiesagemorequickly,theirfaceslookedolderandtheyhadsmallerbrains.Thismightbeseenasawake-upcallforpeoplewith

aslowerpacewhomightfeelit'stimetoworkoutgetfitter.Butitmightbetoolate;researcherssaytheywereabletopredictthewalkingspeedof45-year-oldsusin

gtheresultsofintelligence,languageandmotorskillstestsfromwhentheywereagedthree.Theyalsosuggestthateveninearlylife,therearesignsshowingwhichpeople

willgoontohaveahealthierlife.So,what'sthepointofknowingthataslowerwalkingpacemightmeanasmallerbrain?Well,researcherssaymeasuringwalkingspe

edatayoungerage,andunderstandingwhatthismightmean,couldbeawayoftestingtreatmentstoslowhumanageing.Thismi

ghthelpusmakelifestylechangeswhilewe'restillyoungandhealthy.Anystepswecantaketoprolongagoodmentalandph

ysicalstateisanobrainer!8．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredtobeabetterchoice?A．Walking10,000stepsaday.B．Doingthreequickandenergeticwalksaday.C．D

oingirregularexerciseeveryday.D．Frequentlydoingsportsinspring.9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Fasterwalk

erswillgetfitter,beyoungerandhavebiggerbrains.B．People'shealthconditioncanbepredictedfromtheirwalkingspeedat45.C．Thisstudyf

oundthatslowerwalkersagemoreslowly.D．Peoplewhowalkfasteraremorebrilliantthanslowerwalkers.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prolong"inPara.5mean?A．

givesomethingupB．transfersomethingatrandomC．makesomethinglastlongerD．putsomethingoff11．Whatwouldbethebesttitle?A．Wa

lkingtoStayYoungB．GettingOldandDoingExerciseC．HavingaHappyLifeD．SlowWalkingandAgeing【答案】8．B9．A10．C11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项研究发现，走的慢会导致衰老加速

，而快速走路的人则会更加健康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较大。因此我们要在年轻时就要改变生活方式，快速走路，来延长健康的精神和身体状态。8．细节理解题。根据第二段的Inrecentyears,although

we'vebeentoldtoaimtowalk10,000stepsadaytoremainhealthy,otheradvicetodothreequickandenergetic10-minutew

alksadayisthoughttobeevenmoreeffective.(最近几年，尽管有人告诉我们每天走1万步可以保持健康，另一个每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步的建议被认为是更有效的)可知，每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步是一个更好的选择。B.D

oingthreequickandenergeticwalksaday.(每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步)符合以上说法，故选B项。9．推理判断题。根据第三段的Testson1,000peoplefromNewZealandborninthe1970sfoundthatslowerwalk

erstendedtoshowsignsof"acceleratedageing".Theirlungs,teethandimmunesystemswereinworseshapethanthosewhowalkedfester.Andwhat’sworse,thestudyfo

undnotonlydidslowerwalkers'bodiesagemorequickly,theirfaceslookedolderandtheyhadsmallerbrains.(对1000个出生于20世纪70年代的

新西兰的人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出―加速衰老‖的迹象。他们的肺、牙齿和免疫系统都不如那些走路快的人。更糟糕的是，这项研究发现走得慢的人不仅身体衰老更快，他们的脸看起来更老，他们的大脑也更小)可推测，走

路快的人他们会更健康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较大。A.Fasterwalkerswillgetfitter,beyoungerandhavebiggerbrains.(走路快的人会变得更健康、更年轻、大脑更大)符合以上推测，故选A项。10．词义猜测题。根据最后一段的Thismig

hthelpusmakelifestylechangeswhilewe'restillyoungandhealthy.Anystepswecantaketoprolongagoodmentalandphysicalsta

teisanobrainer!(这可能会帮助我们在年轻和健康的时候改变生活方式。我们可以采取任何措施来prolong一个良好精神和身体状态，这是一件不需要考虑的事情。)和第三段的slowerwalkerstendedtoshowsignsof"acceleratedag

eing".(走得慢的人往往表现出―加速衰老‖的迹象)可知，这里是指我们要采取一些措施来减慢衰老，即延长良好的精神和身体状态。故猜测划线部分的意思是―延长‖。C.makesomethinglastlonger(让某物持续更长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。

11．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的Testson1,000peoplefromNewZealandborninthe1970sfoundthatslowerwalkerstendedtoshowsignsof"acceleratedageing".(对1000

个出生于20世纪70年代的新西兰的人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出―加速衰老‖的迹象。)可知，本文主要讲述了走得慢会加速衰老。D.SlowWalkingandAgeing(慢走和衰老)可以作为本文标题，故选D项。（20

20届湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟）InSouthKorea,studentspayforclassesineverythingfromK-popauditions(韩流试镜)torealestate(房地产)deals.Now,topKoreanfirmsareusingartificial

intelligence(AI)inhiring,andjob-seekerswanttolearnhowtobeattherobots.FromhisbasementofficeinSeoul,careerconsultantParkSeong-jungisamongthose

inagrowingbusinessofofferinglessonsinhandlingrecruitmentscreeningbycomputers,notpeople.Videointerviewsusingfacialrecognitio

ntechnologytoanalyzecharacterarekey,accordingtoPark."Don'tforceasmilewithyourlips,"hetoldstudentslookingforworkinarecentsession,on

eofmanyhesaidhehasconductedforhundredsofpeople."Smilewithyoureyes".ClassesindealingwithAlinhiring,arestil

latinypartofthecountry'smulti-billion-dollarcramschool(补习学校)industry.Butclassesaregrowingfast,operatorslikePark'sPeople&Peopleconsultancyclaim,offe

ringathree-hourpackageforUpto100,000won($86).There'sgoodreasontoseepotential.Asmany:as8outofevery10S

outhKoreanstudentsareestimatedtohaveusedcramschools,andhighyouthunemploymentinthecountry—nearlyoneinfouryoungpeoplearenotinthe

workforce—offersamotivationnotpresentinothercountrieswherecramschoolsarepopular,likeJapan.OneAIvideosystemreviewedbyReutersaskscandidatestoint

roducethemselves,duringwhichitspotsandcountsfacialexpressionsincluding"fear"and"joy"andanalyseswordchoices.AIhiringalsouses"gamification"tojudge

acandidate'spersonalityandadaptabilitybyputtingthemthroughnumbersoftests.Preparingforsuchtestsdoesn'tnecessarilyinvolvesimplymemoriz

inganswers.Somegamesdon'tevenhavea'rightanswer',astheyareaimedtospottheproblem-solvingattitudeoftheapplicant.Consultant

ParksaidhegaveAlfiringtalkstomorethan700universitystudents,graduatesandlecturersin2019.InanonlinechatroommonitoredbyPark,withmorethan600participant

s,numerousmessagesindicatethanksfortheclassesandsuccessinAIinterviewquests."Studentsarestrugglingfromtheemergence

ofAIinterviews.Mygoalistohelpthembefullypreparedforwhattheywillbedealingwith,"saidPark.12．WhatdoesParkSeong-jungdo?①HegivesstudentslecturesaboutAlhir

ing.②Hehandleshiscompanysrecruitment.③HeanalyzescharacterbyusingAltechnology.④Hekeepsaneyeonanonlinechatroom.A．①④B．②③C．①②D．③④13

．GamificationismainlyusedtojudgethefollowingEXCEPTcandidates'.A．personalityB．adaptabilityC．problem-solvingattitudeD．memoryab

ility14．What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Smilewitheyesisbetterthansmilewithlips.B．CompaniesareincreasinglyusingAlinrecruitme

nt.C．ClassesareavailableindealingwithAlinhiring.D．CramschoolsarepopularinSouthKorea.15．Whatmaybediscussed

inthenextparagraph?A．People'sattitudetowardsothertypesofcramschools.B．Examplesofstrugglingstudentswho

didn'ttakeclasses.C．Companies'strategyagainstfullypreparedapplicants.D．Thenextstepofthosewhohavepassedtheinterview.【答案】12．A13

．D14．C15．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因为韩国的大型公司采用了人工智能面试，所以教授应对人工智能面试的培训课程应运而生。它们为求职者提供方法和技巧―打败‖人工智能，让他们可以获

得工作。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段的ConsultantParksaidhegaveAlhiringtalkstomorethan700universitystudents,graduatesandlecturersin2019.Inanonlinechatro

ommonitoredbyPark,withmorethan600participants,numerousmessagesindicatethanksfortheclassesandsuccessinAIinterviewquests.(咨询师朴说,在2019年他给700多名大学

生、毕业生和讲师做过人工智能招聘讲座。在一个由他监控的在线聊天室里，有超过600名参与者，大量的信息表明了对课程的感谢和人工智能应聘的成功)可知，ParkSeong-jung给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座并监控一个在线聊天室。即①Hegivesstudentsl

ecturesaboutAlhiring.(他给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座)和④Hekeepsaneyeonanonlinechatroom.(他监控一个在线聊天室)是朴所做的事情。A.①④符合以上说法，故选A项。13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的AI

hiringalsouses''gamification''tojudgeacandidate'spersonalityandadaptabilitybyputtingthemthroughnumbersoftests.Preparingforsuchtestsd

oesn'tnecessarilyinvolvesimplymemorizinganswers.Somegamesdon'tevenhavea'rightanswer',astheyareaimedtospottheproblem-solvingattitudeoftheapplicant.(

人工智能招聘同时也会使用gamification来测试应聘者的个性和适应能力。准备这样的考试并不一定包括简单的记忆答案。有些游戏甚至连―正确答案―都没有，因为它们的目的是要发现应试者解决问题的态度)可知，gamific

ation可以测试应聘者的个性、适应能力和解决问题的态度。D.memoryability(记忆能力)不符合以上说法，故选D项。14．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Now,topKoreanfir

msareusingartificialintelligence(AI)inhiring,andjob-seekerswanttolearnhowtobeattherobots.(现在韩国的顶级公司在招聘时使用了人工智能，求职者们想要学习如何打败人工智能)和第四段的

ClassesindealingwithAlinhiring,arestillatinypartofthecountry'smulti-billion-dollarcramschool(补习学校)industry.(处理人工智能招聘的课程，在这个国家数十亿美元的补习班行业中还是很小的

一部分)可知，本文主要讲述了在韩国有应对人工智能招聘的专门课程，为求职者们提供技能来打败人工智能，获得工作。C.ClassesareavailableindealingwithAlinhiring.(有应对人工智能招聘的课程)符合以上说法，故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一

段的''StudentsarestrugglingfromtheemergenceofAIinterviews.Mygoalistohelpthembefullypreparedforwhattheywillbedealingwith,''saidPark.(随着

人工智能面试官的出现，学生们正在苦苦挣扎。我的目标是帮助他们为他们即将应对的事情做好充分的准备)可推测，文章可能会接着举几个没有参加课程而苦苦挣扎的学生的例子，以此来反衬上此类课程的好处。B.Examplesofstrugglingstudentswhodidn'ttakeclasses.

(那些没有上课而苦苦挣扎的学生的例子)符合以上推测，故选B项。（2020届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三模拟一）Oneafteranother,telecommunicationsgiants(通信巨头)haveannouncedthe

irlatestfifthgeneration(5G)products.Theyhavealsoclaimedthat5Gtechnologywouldbeusedonamassivescaleby2020.Yet,whenreportinga

bout5G,manydomesticmediaoutletshavedescribeditasa―muchfaster‖technologythan4Gwithoutmentioninganyofitsotheradvan

tages.Asaresult,thecommonpublicviewabout5Gisthattheycould―downloadahigh-densitymoviewithinonesecond‖.Beyondthat,mostpe

opleknownothingabout5G.Actually,5Gtechnologyhasmanymoreadvantagesthan4Gapartfromspeed.Accordingtothecriteriaof3GPP,aninternationalstan

dardizationorganization,5Gtechnologycanbeusedforatleastthreepurposes—forconnectingeverything,reliabilityofconn

ections,andeliminatingdelays.―Connectingeverything‖isanappropriatesloganfor5Gtechnology,withoutwhichtheInter

netofthingswouldbeimpossible.5Gwouldenableoneservertoconnecttomultipleterminals(终端)andthusestablishhigh-speedcoordinationam

ongthem,andhelpthechipsinsidetheterminalstotimelyreacttomeetpeople’sneeds.Takeforexample,autonomousvehicles,whicharema

turetechnologyproducts.Self-drivingcarscombineavarietyofsensors,suchasradar,computervision,andGPStoidentifynavigationpathsandobstacles.5Gtechnologywi

lllinkalltheelementsofatransportationsystem,suchastrafficlights,camerasand,ofcourse,carstoestablishperfectcoordinationsotheycanavoidobstaclesandmov

eonnavigationpaths,whichwillhelpstrengthenself-drivingtechnology.Reliabilityofconnectionsisanotheressentialchara

cteristicof5Gtechnology,whoseusecanbeextendedtootherfieldswherehighsafetystandardsarerequired.Forinstance,incertainsurgeries,surgeonsi

nsertnano-robotsinsideapatient’sbodyandhavetomaintainconstantcontrolovertherobotstoensuretheyperformtheirfunction

sanddonotcauseanyharmtothepatient.Thisisantechnologycanbeofgreathelp,asitcanestablishreliableandconti

nuousconnectionsbetweenthemonitorandthenano-robots.8．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollow?A．Eliminatingdelays.B

．5Gnetworkcapacity.C．Disadvantagesof5G.D．Building5Gbasestations.9．Whichcanalsoserveasanexampleof―connectingeverything‖?A．Improvementofsmart

phonesignals.B．Decreaseintelecommunicationcost.C．Highspeedin-playingcomputergames.D．Onlinetestsforallmembersatthesam

etime.10．Whycan5Gbeusedinfieldswithhighsafetystandards?A．Itcanattractmosteyeballonamassivescale.B．Itcanprov

idedependableandconstantservice.C．Itoffersmassivemachinetypeofcommunication.D．Itemploys4Gbasestationsandoccupyle

ssspace.11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．5GTechnology:MoreThanaboutHighSpeedB．5GTechnologyWillShapetheFutureofConnectivityC．Tele

comGiantsWorkTogethertoBetter5GTechnologyD．AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof5GTechnologyandProducts【答案】8．

A9．D10．B11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍除了高速，5G技术还有连接一切、连接可靠性以及消除延迟等特点。8．推理判断题。由第二段的第二句―Accordingtothecriteriaof3GPP,aninternatio

nalstandardizationorganization,5Gtechnologycanbeusedforatleastthreepurposes—forconnectingeverything,reliabilityofconnections,andeliminatingd

elays.‖，第三段的第一句――Connectingeverything‖isanappropriatesloganfor5Gtechnology,withoutwhichtheInternetofthingswou

ldbeimpossible.‖以及第四段的第一句―Reliabilityofconnectionsisanotheressentialcharacteristicof5Gtechnology,whoseusecanbeextendedtootherfieldswherehighsa

fetystandardsarerequired.‖可知，根据3GPP一个国际标准化组织的标准，5G技术能够在至少3个方面使用，分别时连接一切，连接的可靠性以及消除延迟。连接一切对于5G技术来说是一个合适的口号，没有这个特征因特网的所有事情都

将变成不可能。连接可靠性是5G技术的另外一个基本特征，这一技术的使用可以延申到要求高安全标准的其他领域。由此可见，作者接下来可能会讨论的是5G技术的消除延迟这个特征。结合选项可知，选项A正确。9．推理判断题。由第三段第二句―5Gwouldenableoneservertocon

necttomultipleterminals(终端)andthusestablishhigh-speedcoordinationamongthem,andhelpthechipsinsidetheterminalstotimelyreacttomeetpeople’sneeds.‖

可知，5G能让一个计算机服务器连接到多个终端，然后在它们之中建立告诉协调，并且帮助在终端里面的芯片能够及时做出反应满足人们的需求。结合选项可知，选项D表达的是―同时对所有成员进行网络测试‖，符合5G的连接一切的特征，可以作为5G连接一切这个特征的具体举例。故选D。10．细

节理解题。由第四段的最后一句―Thisisantechnologycanbeofgreathelp,asitcanestablishreliableandcontinuousconnectionsbetweenthemonitorandthenano-robots.‖可知，这是一项非常有

帮助的技术，因为它能在监控器和纳米机器人之间建立可靠而且持续的连接。由此可知，5G技术能够在高安全标准的领域使用，是因为它能提供可靠而且持续的服务。结合选项可知，选项B正确。11．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，第二段的第

一句―Actually,5Gtechnologyhasmanymoreadvantagesthan4Gapartfromspeed.‖，第三段的第一句――Connectingeverything‖isanappropriates

loganfor5Gtechnology,withoutwhichtheInternetofthingswouldbeimpossible.‖以及第四段的第一句―Reliabilityofconnectionsisanotheressentialcharacteristi

cof5Gtechnology,whoseusecanbeextendedtootherfieldswherehighsafetystandardsarerequired.‖可知，实际上，除了速度之外，5G技术比4G有更多的优势。连接一切

对于5G技术来说是一个合适的口号，没有这个特征因特网的所有事情都将变成不可能。连接可靠性是5G技术的另外一个基本特征，这一技术的使用可以延申到要求高安全标准的其他领域。由此可见，全文主要是在讲述5G技术的特点不仅仅只是高速。结合选项可知，选项A正确。（2020届湖南省长沙市雅礼中

学高三模拟一）Whydopeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework?Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunte

er.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelat

edtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtopartic

ipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincrea

selevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swi

shofparticipationfromaninternalfactortoanexternalfactor.Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefutu

re.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthem-toremainintheirp

ositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowe

d238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamou

ntofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticala

dvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento―trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategie

sforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience‖.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthe

degreetowhichpeopleview―volunteer‖asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvoluntee

rwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicated

thedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas―VolunteeringinhospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.‖Consistentwithther

esearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecont

inuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,resultinconcreteadvice:―Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusond

evelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstre

ngthenroleidentity.‖12．Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof________.A．schoolrequirementsB．socialexpectationsC．finan

cialrewardsD．internalneeds13．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthethirdparagraph?A．Peoplewhoparticipateinvolunteerprogramsinschoolsaresensitive.B．Exter

nalfactorsaremoreimportantthaninternalfactorsinvolunteerwork.C．Beingrequiredtobevolunteersmaymakepeople

reluctanttodovolunteerwork.D．Volunteerprogramsinschoolcanencouragepeopletodomorevolunteerworkinfuture.14．WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A．Fo

llow-upstudiesshouldlast-foroneyear.B．Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C．Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D．Volunteersareprovid

edwithconcreteadvice.15．Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A．Individualdifferencesin

roleidentity.B．Practicaladvicefromresearchers.C．Roleidentityasavolunteer.D．Publiclyidentifiablevolunt

eerT-shirts.【答案】12．D13．C14．B15．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们为什么参加志愿服务工作以及是什么鼓励志愿者继续他们的志愿工作。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Researchershaveide

ntifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpa

ndtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.可知，研究人

员已经确定了一些鼓励人们参加志愿服务因素，例如，表达与无私有关的个人价值观，扩大他们的经验范围，以及加强社会关系等，如果做志愿者不能满足这些需求，人们可能不愿意参加，再结合第三段中的shiftpeople’swishofparticipation

fromaninternalfactortoanexternalfactor可知，人们做志愿服务主要是出于内心的需求。故D项正确。13．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，特别是根据Peoplealsovoluntee

rbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.及theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactortoan

externalfactor.Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.可知，被要求成为志愿者会把人们的参与意愿从内在因素转变为外在因素，这样他们以后就不太可能成为志愿者。由此可知，本段主要是告诉我们被要求

成为志愿者可能会让人们不愿意做志愿服务。故C项正确。14．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemosti

mportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpo

sitions.及Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento―trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroubl

esomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience‖.可知，例如，佛罗里达州的一项研究对238名志愿者进行了长达一年的跟踪调查，发现影响他们作为志愿者满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志

愿者岗位上所经历的痛苦，研究人员指出，应注意培训方法，让志愿者为遇到麻烦的情况做好准备，或者为他们提供应对他们所经历的问题的策略。由此可知，佛罗里达的研究表明志愿者应该从心理上为工作中遇到的困难做好准备。故B项正确。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview―volunteer‖asanimportantsocia

lrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork

.可知，另一项研究对芝加哥医院的302名志愿者进行了调查，研究的重点是人们在多大程度上视志愿者为重要的社会角色，他们发现那些以志愿者的角色作为个人身份的人也最有可能继续从事志愿工作。由此可知，作为志愿者的角色认同最有可能激励志愿者继

续他们的志愿工作，故C项正确。（2020届江西省赣州市高三二模）ResearchersinJapanhaveinstalled(安装)onatrainaspeakerthatbarkslikeadogandsnortslikeadeerinordertopreventcollisionswit

hanimalsonthetracks.Thecountryhasbeentroubledbyaproblemwithtrainscollidingwithdeeronitsrailways.AccordingtoJapan’stransportministry,ther

ewere613casesoftrainservicesdelayedforatleast30minutesresultingfromcollisionswithdeerandotherwildanimalsin2018-19.Deerareattractedtorailwaylinesbec

auseofaneedforironintheirdiets.Theylick(舔)therailstopickupironfilingscausedbytheactionofwheelsagainsttracks.Thisdietaryneedhasledtoaconstan

tbattletokeepthedeerseparatefromthedangerofafast-movingtrain.Inthepast,flashingredlightsandevenlionfaceshavebeenunsuccessfullytrialedinanatt

empttokeepdeeroffthetracks.Thisnewdevicehasbeeninventedbyateamatthecountry’sRailwayTechnicalResearchInstitute(RTRD).RTRIofficial

sexplainthatdeerhaveahabitofrepeatedlysnortingshort,shrillsoundstowarnotherdeerwhentheysensedanger.Thebarkingofthe

huntingdog,whichdrivesdeertopanic,strengthenstheeffectofthewarningnoise,accordingtotheRTRI.Whenthedeerhearacombinationofa3-second-

longrecordingofadeer’ssnortand20secondsofabarkingdog,theypanicandfleerapidly.RTRIresearcherssaylate-nighttests,a

ttimeswhendeeraremostfrequentlyseenbyrailwaytracks,haveresultedina45percentreductionofdeersighting.Futureplansincludestillbarkingsite

swheredeerarecommonlyseen,buttheunpleasantnoiseswillnotbesoloudinareaswherepeoplelivebesidethetracks.8．Whyaredeerattractedtotraintracks?

A．Togetclosetothepassingtrail.B．Togetnutritionfromtraintracks.C．Tohuntforfoodnearthetraintracks.D．Togathertogetheratnightnearrailways

.9．WhathasbeentriedtosolvetherailwayprobleminJapan?A．Robots.B．Huntingdogs.C．Lionfacepaintings.D．Speciallydesignedtracks.

10．Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A．Itsinventorsdrewinspirationfromdeer’shabit.B．Itwillbeputtouseinareaswheredeera

ppear.C．Itwillaffectpeoplewholivebesidethetrack.D．Ithasdecreasedmorethanhalfofdeersighting.11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Adietaryhabit

ofdeer.B．Atrafficproblemcausedbydeer.C．Abattlebetweenhumanandanimals.D．Aninventiondesignedtokeepdeeroffthet

racks.【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【解析】本文是说明文。为了防止鹿撞上铁轨，日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出像狗一样吠叫、像鹿一样短而尖锐的声音。这样鹿感觉到危险时，就会惊慌地逃离。8．细节理解题。根据第三段中―Deerareattractedtorailway

linesbecauseofaneedforironintheirdiets.Theylick(舔)therailstopickupironfilingscausedbytheactionofwheelsagainsttracks（鹿被铁路线吸引是因为

它们的饮食需要铁。它们舔那些由于车轮与轨道的作用而产生的铁屑。）‖可知，鹿被吸引到铁轨，是因为它们要从铁轨上获取铁这种营养素。故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中―Inthepast,flashingredlight

sandevenlionfaceshavebeenunsuccessfullytrialedinanattempttokeepdeeroffthetracks.‖可知，日本尝试过用狮子脸的画来让鹿远离铁轨，但是没有成功。故选C项。10

．推理判断题。根据第四段中―RTRIofficialsexplainthatdeerhaveahabitofrepeatedlysnortingshort,shrillsoundstowarnotherdeerwhentheysensedange

r.…Whenthedeerhearacombinationofa3-second-longrecordingofadeer’ssnortand20secondsofabarkingdog,theypanica

ndfleerapidly.(RTRI的官员解释说，鹿有一种习惯，当它们感觉到危险时，会不断地用短而尖锐的声音来警告其他鹿。……当鹿听到3秒钟的鹿发出的声音和20秒的狗叫声时，它们会惊慌并迅速逃离。)‖，因此可以推断，研究

人员在火车上安装扬声器，是从鹿的习性中获得灵感。故选A项。11．主旨大意题。文章第一段是全文的主题段―ResearchersinJapanhaveinstalled(安装)onatrainaspeakerthatbarkslikeadoga

ndsnortslikeadeerinordertopreventcollisionswithanimalsonthetracks.（日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出的声音像狗一样吠叫和像鹿一样发出的声音，是为了防止动物撞上铁轨。）‖，下文说明发明这种扬

声器的原因和它的功效。因此文章是介绍了让鹿远离铁轨的一项发明。故选D项。（2020届江西省赣州市高三二模）Beingabletotellhumanfacesapartisaskillthatalmosteve

rypersonhas,althoughsomearefarbetteratitthanothers.ButanewstudyoutfromthejournalScientificReportssaysthatthisisnotjustaskillthathumanspossess.Evenfis

hcandoit.Followinguponresearchstudyingdifferentspecies’abilitiestorecognizehumanfaces(sheep,dogs,cows,horses,and-birdshaveallbeentried)

,theresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordandtheUniversityofQueenslanddecidedtopickananimalthatdoesnothaveanevolvedneocorte

x,thepartofthebrainthatprocessessightandsounds,anddoesnothaveacloserelationshipwithhumans.Thatway,therewouldbenoreasonwhythesetestsubject

swouldhaveapasthistoryofidentifyinghumanfaces.Sotheypickedthearcherfish,areeffishvarietythatshootswaterintotheairtoknockit

spreyoutofthesky.Theyusedthisadaptationtohavethefishspraywateratafaceonamonitorhangingovertheirtanksforareward.Mostofthefishwereabletopickouttheirle

arnedface,evenwhencolorsweretakenawayormethodswereusedtomakethefaceshapesunclear.Thisstudygivesmorebackingtothehypothesisthatdifferentiatingbetweenfa

cesisnotjustaskillthatbig-brainedorganismsarebornwith.Itispossiblethatagoodportionofrecognizingfacesislearnedovertime.Thedevelopmentoftheneocorte

xmaycontributeonlytoquicklyprocessalargenumberoffacesinvaryingsituations.Butmoreworkneedstobeconductedtofindadeeperlinkto

thispossiblelearnedbehavior.Thesamplesizeofthisstudywasverysmall—onlyeightfishwereusedaltogether.Also,

thefacesdisplayedonthemonitorwereonlywhite,femalefacesfromaGermandatabase,showninafrontalview,withnoexpressions.Otheranima

ltrialshaveshownthatsomespecies,likepigeons,respondmoretodifferinganglesandvariedexpressions.12．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．T

oimproveascientificexperimentdesign.B．Topresentthedifferencesbetweenspecies.C．Toclarifyhowanimalstellhumanfacesapart.D．Toshowanimal

scanrecognizehumanfaces.13．Whywerethearcherfishchosenastestsubjects?A．Theyareclevererthanotherspecies.B．Theyhavesharpvisio

nandhearing.C．Theyaren’tcloselyrelatedtohumans.D．Theyhaveapasthistoryofidentifyinghumanfaces.14．Whatistheauthor

’sattitudetowardthestudy?A．Cautious.B．Negative.C．Consistent.D．Sympathetic.15．Whichofthefollowingissug

gestedforsimilarstudiesinthefuture?A．Includingmoretestsubjects.B．Enlargingthehumanfaces.C．Employingmore

maleresearchers.D．Usingblack-and-whitepictures.【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的

原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中ButanewstudyoutfromthejournalScientif

icReportssaysthatthisisnotjustaskillthathumanspossess.Evenfishcandoit.可知但《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，这不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到。结合文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸

不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是表明动物可以识别人的脸。故选D。13．细

节理解题。根据第二段中Followinguponresearchstudyingdifferentspecies’abilitiestorecognizehumanfaces(sheep,dogs,cows,horses,and-b

irdshaveallbeentried),theresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordandtheUniversityofQueenslanddecidedtopickananimalthatdoes

nothaveanevolvedneocortex,thepartofthebrainthatprocessessightandsounds,anddoesnothaveacloserelationshipwithhumans.Thatway,therewouldbenoreasonwhythe

setestsubjectswouldhaveapasthistoryofidentifyinghumanfaces.Sotheypickedthearcherfish,areeffishvarietythatshootswate

rintotheairtoknockitspreyoutofthesky.可知继研究不同物种识别人脸的能力后（羊、狗、牛、马、鸟都试过），牛津大学和昆士兰大学的研究人员决定选择一种没有进化的新皮层（大脑中处理视觉

和声音的部分）、与人类关系不密切的动物。这样一来，这些测试对象就没有理由会有过去识别人脸的历史。所以他们选择了射水鱼，这是一种礁石鱼的品种，会向空中射水，把猎物打到天上去。由此可知，选择射水鱼作为实验对象是因为他们和人类关系不是很密切。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Butm

oreworkneedstobeconductedtofindadeeperlinktothispossiblelearnedbehavior.Thesamplesizeofthisstudywasverysmall—onlyeightfishw

ereusedaltogether.Also,thefacesdisplayedonthemonitorwereonlywhite,femalefacesfromaGermandatabase,showninafrontalview,withnoexpressions.Otheran

imaltrialshaveshownthatsomespecies,likepigeons,respondmoretodifferinganglesandvariedexpressions.可知但是还需要做更多的工作来

找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。此外，显示器上显示的面孔都是来自德国数据库的白色女性面孔，以正面视图显示，没有表情。其他的动物实验表明，一些物种，比如鸽子，对不同的角度和不同的表达有更多的反应。由此可推知

，作者对这项研究持谨慎态度。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Thesamplesizeofthisstudywasverysmall—onlyeightfishwereusedaltogether.可知这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了8条鱼。由此可推知

，文章建议今后开展类似的研究时，应注意―包括更多的测试对象‖。故选A。（2020届江西省南昌市高三二模）We'veallspenttimeinahospital,whetherthroughmedicalissuesofourownorthoseofalovedo

ne.Andwhilewe'reusedtoseeingthedoctorshurryinandoutoftheroom,displayingvaryingdegreesofattention,it'stheconstantandreliablepresenceofthenursingsta

ffandtheirprofessionalismthatgivesthemostconfidenceandrelieftothoseintheroom.So,whiledoctorsandsurgeonstendtogetmostspotlight,nursesarereallyatt

heforefrontofpatientcare.Theyareoftencalledupontomakeimportant,life-savingdecisionsmultipletimesadayandworkcloselywithdoctorstoanalyzerecordsandt

estresultstoadviseontreatment.It'sthenursesthatarefrequentlyresponsibleforidentifyingaconditionandmatchingtherightspecialistdoctortoapat

ient,andit'sthenursesthatareoftenthefirstonthescenetotreatpeopleinanemergency.AcareerinNursingbringsjobsecurity,agoodwage,care

ermobility,andchancetodecideyourowncareerpath.Youcanworkpartorfulltimeaccordingtoyourpreference.Youcanbeflexibleonworklocationandspecialism.Ifapa

rticularareainterestsyou,youcanexplorethatastherewillalwaysbetheneedforqualitynursesacrossthemedicalspectrum(医学光谱)w

ithapassionfortheirwork.Jobsinthefieldareinhighdemand,withsignificantopportunitiestolearn,growandreachseniorleadershippositions.However,ifyouwantt

oundertakeacareerinNursing,agoodeducationiscompulsory.TheUniversityofTexasatElPasoSchoolofNursingoffershighqualitya

ndaffordableundergraduateandgraduateprogramsreinforcedbytalentedfaculty(全体教师),strongclinicalpartnershipsandadvancedsimulation(模拟)technology.Student

sdogainmuchrealexperiencebeforeworkinginahospital.Adelphi'sCollegeofNursingandPublicHealthprovidesstudentswithatop-rated,comprehensiveeduc

ationgroundedinpractice,theoryandcreativity.Theyaredevotedtotransformingstudents'livesthroughsmallclasseswithw

orld-classfaculty,hands-onlearningandcreativewaystosupportacademicandcareersuccess.TheWayneStateUniversityCollegeofNursing,at

tachingspecialimportancetofirst-handexperience,isdedicatedtoprovidingthehighestqualityeducationtoadiversepopulationofgraduatestudents.Graduatesfromt

hecollegearepreparedtobenurseleadersinresearch,educationandpractice.12．Whatcancomfortpatientsmostinth

ehospital?A．Spendinglesstimethere.B．Receivingconcretecarefromnurses.C．Drawinglittleattentionthere.D．Gettingtimelyinformationfromdoctors.13．Whatis

thesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecontentofdifferentpositions.B．Theprocessofpatientcare.C．Theimportanceofnursingwork.D．Thecontributionofdoc

tors.14．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethenurseprofessional?A．Low-paidandsecure.B．Promisingandsignifican

t.C．Flexibleandtiresome.D．Demandinganddangerous.15．Whatdocollegesinthelastparagraphhaveincommon?A．Theychargehighlearn

ingfees.B．Theyoffersmall-classteaching.C．Theyrequirebasicnursingeducation.D．Theyprovidehands-onlearnin

g.【答案】12．B13．C14．B15．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。护士的专业护理给病人带来最大的安慰，且配合医生参与很多重大救治，是很重要的职业。此外，目前社会对护士的需求量很大，因此它也是很有前景的职业。最后文章介绍了一些大学护理专业的特色

。12．细节理解题。根据第一段的it'stheconstantandreliablepresenceofthenursingstaffandtheirprofessionalismthatgivest

hemostconfidenceandrelieftothoseintheroom.(护士持续的、可靠的关注和他们的专业技能，给房间里的人最大的信心和安慰)可知，父母最大的安慰来自护士的细心照顾。B.Receivingconcretecarefromnurses.(受到护士具体和专业的照顾

)符合以上说法，故选B项。13．主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其第一句的So,whiledoctorsandsurgeonstendtogetmostspotlight,nursesarereallyattheforefrontofpatien

tcare.(所以，虽然医生和外科医生往往最受关注，但护士确实是站在病人护理的最前沿)可知，本段主要讲述护士工作的重要性。C.Theimportanceofnursingwork.(护士工作的重要性)符合以上说法，故选C项。14．推理判断题。根据第

二段的Theyareoftencalledupontomakeimportant,life-savingdecisionsmultipletimesadayandworkcloselywithdoctorstoanalyzerecordsandtestresul

tstoadviseontreatment.(他们经常被要求每天多次做出重要的、挽救生命的决定，并与医师密切合作，分析记录和测试结果，为治疗提供建议)和第三段的Jobsinthefieldareinhighdemand,wi

thsignificantopportunitiestolearn,growandreachseniorleadershippositions.(这个领域的工作需求量很大，有很多学习、成长和升到高级领导职位的机会)可推测，护士是一份非常重要且有前景

的职业。B.Promisingandsignificant.(有前景且十分重要)符合以上推测，故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的TheUniversityofTexasatElPasoSchoolofNursing…S

tudentsdogainmuchrealexperience….Adelphi'sCollegeofNursingandPublicHealthprovidesstudents…withworld-classfaculty,hands-onlearning

andcreativewaystosupportacademicandcareersuccess.TheWayneStateUniversityCollegeofNursing,attachingspecialimportancetofirst-hand

experience(德克萨斯大学艾尔帕索的护理学校会为学生提供很多的实际经验；阿德尔菲大学护理与公共卫生学院为学生提供一流的、基于实践、理论和创造力的综合教育；韦恩州立大学护理学院特别重视一手经验。)可知，这三个大学的共同之处是很重视实际操作，提

供了实际操作的学习。D.Theyprovidehands-onlearning.(他们都提供了实际操作的学习)符合以上说法，故选D项。（2020届辽宁省大连市高三第二次模拟）Cornhasbeenas

ignificantpartinAmericanfoodsincebeforeEuropeanarrival.AftertheCivilWar,grits(粗玉米粉),whichismadeoutofcorn,becameadietmai

nstay(支柱)becausewater-poweredmills(磨坊)workedtogrinddriedcorn.Theywererelativelyinexpensiveandcouldbeeatenwithalmostanything,

makingitpossibleforeveryonetoenjoy.Gritsareusuallycookedwithwater,creamandbutteroverthecourseofmanyhours.Therecanbevaryingtypesofgritsfrom

smoothtograiny.Thereareeveninstantgritsforthosewithoutthehourstocook.Worthnotingisthatsugarisnottypicallya

dded.Gritscanbeservedforbreakfast,lunchanddinner,butthey'recommonlyusedasabase,usuallytoppedwithseafoodandadelicioussauce

.It'sadisheatenbyeveryonefromsittingpresidentstobluecollarworkersinavarietyofways,bothinfinediningrestaurantsandoil

yspoons.Shrimpandgritsisthemostwell-knowndishincorporatinggrits,especiallyincoastalareaslikeCharleston,SouthCarolina.Itwasoriginallyafisherman’

sbreakfast,aheartymealbeforealongdayofwork,andtoday,it'sfoundonmenusthroughoutthenation.Chefshavealsobeco

mecreativewiththedish,addingmodernelementstothetraditional.MashamaBaileyhasafoiegras(鹅肝酱)andgritsdishatTheGreyinSavannah,Georgia.EdwardLe

ehasprepareditliketheporridgehisKoreanparentscookedduringhisgrowingup,butusesKentucky'sWiesenbergergrits.NathalieDupreehasmadehercareer

onthedishwithhercookbooktitled―ShrimpandGrits,"whileVirginiaWillishastheappropriatelytitled―Grits‖.8．Whydidgritsbecomemainfood?A．Becausec

ormplayedakeyrole.B．Becausedriedcornwasextremelycheap.C．BecausetheCivilWarbrokeout.D．Becausewater-poweredmi

llsturnedup.9．WhatcanwelearnaboutgritsfromParagraph3?A．Theyarepopularamongallwalksoflife.B．Theyaresmoothtofeel.C．Theyareplacedontopofotherfood

s.D．Theyareexpensivetopurchase.10．WhatbreakfastdidSouthCarolinafishermenlike?A．Gritswithshrimp.B．Gritswithsugar.C．Gritswithbutter.D．Gr

itswithcream.11．WhydoestheauthormentionLee'sparents?A．TointroduceLee'supbringingexperiences.B．TopromoteLee'scookingtechniques.C．Toexplainamodern

flavourofgrits.D．Toadvertiseanewly-publishedcookbook.【答案】8．D9．A10．A11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍粗玉米粉在人们饮食中是如何使用的，以及人们

如何用它进行饮食创作。8．细节理解题。由第一段的第二句―AftertheCivilWar,grits(粗玉米粉),whichismadeoutofcorn,becameadietmainstay(支柱)becausewater-powe

redmills(磨坊)workedtogrinddriedcorn.‖可知，内战之后，由玉米制作而成的粗玉米粉，因为水力磨坊可以将干的玉米磨成粉状而成为饮食的支柱。由此可见，粗玉米粉成为主要的食物是因为水利磨坊的出现。结合选项可知，选项D正确。9．推理判断题。由第三段的最后一

句―It'sadisheatenbyeveryonefromsittingpresidentstobluecollarworkersinavarietyofways,bothinfinediningrestaurantsandoilyspoons.‖可知，它是从现任总统到蓝领工人通过各种方

式在美食餐厅和油腻的勺子里都可以吃到的食物。由此可见，粗玉米粉在各行各业中都很受欢迎。结合选项可知，选项A正确。10．细节理解题。由第四段的第一句―Shrimpandgritsisthemostwell-knowndishincorporatinggrits,especially

incoastalareaslikeCharleston,SouthCarolina.‖和第二句―Itwasoriginallyafisherman’sbreakfast,aheartymealbeforealo

ngdayofwork,andtoday,it'sfoundonmenusthroughoutthenation.‖可知，鲜虾玉米粥是最出名的一道混合了粗玉米粉的菜，特别是在沿海地区，像南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿。它起源于一个渔民的早餐，在一天劳作之前的一顿丰盛食物，并且今天可以在全国

的菜单上找到。由此可知，南卡罗莱纳州的渔民们喜欢的早餐是鲜虾玉米粥。结合选项可知，选项A正确。11．推理判断题。由最后一段第一句―Chefshavealsobecomecreativewiththedish,addingmodernelementstothetraditiona

l.‖和第三句―EdwardLeehasprepareditliketheporridgehisKoreanparentscookedduringhisgrowingup,butusesKentucky'sWiesenbergergrits.‖可知，厨师们通过往传

统菜中添加现代元素也使得这道菜富有创意。爱德华·李使用肯塔基州威辛保产的粗玉米粉将这道菜准备的像他小时候韩国父母煮的粥一样。由此可见，作者提及爱德华·李的父母是为了解释在他们传统的粥中添加的粗玉米粉的现代味道。结合选项可知，选项C正确。（2020届辽宁省大连市

高三第二次模拟）Youprobablyhavearesume(个人简历)thatyouadjustfromtimetotime,addingskillshereornewtitlesthere.It’simportanttokeepyourresumeupdate

dtoreflectyourgrowingsetofabilitiesandaccomplishments.ButitmightcomeasasurprisetohearthatTheNewYorkTimesrecommendswritingasecondresume.Youlistyour

failures,mistakes,andstrugglesalongtheway.Bykeepingtrackofyourfailuresandreflectingontheminawaythat’sconstru

ctive,youcanlearnfromyourmistakesandachievemoreinthefuture.Here’showitworks:Intheformatofyourchoice,makealistofyourfailures,whetherit’sschoolstha

trejectedyou,projectsthatfailed,orgoalsyoudidn’tquiteachieve.Thekeyisnottodwellonthesemistakesforhours,accordingtoMelanieStefan,ale

ctureratEdinburghMedicalSchoolwhoinspiredseveralacademicstocreatetheirownfailureresumesafewyearsago.―Ifyoudareandcanaffordtoma

keitpublic,itwillbesixtimesaslongasyournormalresume.Itwillprobablybetotallydiscouragingatfirstsight,‖Stefanwroteinanarticlethatorigin

allyappearedinthejournalNature.―Butitwillremindyouofthemissingtruths,someoftheessentialpartsofwhatitmeanstobe

ascientistanditmightinspireacolleaguetoshakeoffarejectionandstartagain.‖Scientistsaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfromreflectingontheirmistak

es.J.K.Rowling,forinstance,isoneofthemanywildlysuccessfulpeoplewhohasspokenpubliclyaboutherfailures.Andres

earchersatColumbiaUniversityannouncedlastyearthattheyplannedtointerviewNobelwinnersabouttheirownfailuresinanattempttobetterunderstandho

wpersonalandprofessionallossescanpromotelearning.12．Whatcanbefoundinthefailureresume?A．Skillsandnewtitles.B．Abil

itiesandachievements.C．Goalsandacademicresults.D．Failures,mistakesandstruggles.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase―dwellon‖inParagraph2mean?

A．Thoroughlyforget.B．Alwaysthinkabout.C．Completelyavoid.D．Repeatedlycorrect.14．WhydidresearchersatColumbiaUniversityplanto

interviewNobelwinners?A．Tomakethe―failureresume‖public.B．Toremindpeopleofthemissingtruths.C．Toshowhowfailurescanimprovelearning.D．Toinspi

remorepeopletostartalloveragain.15．WhatisStefan’sattitudetothe―failureresume‖?A．Doubtful.B．Approving.C．Negative.D．Toleran

t.【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在个人简历中更新中加入失败、错误和一直以来的努力会让你从错误中吸取教训，并在未来取得更大的成就。12．细节理解题。根据第一段Butitmi

ghtcomeasasurprisetohearthatTheNewYorkTimesrecommendswritingasecondresume.Youlistyourfailures,mistakes,andstrugglesalongtheway.可知，但是听到纽

约时报建议再写一份简历，可能会让你大吃一惊。你列出你的失败，错误，和一直以来的努力。由此可知，在这份新的简历里面会看到自己的失败，错误和一直以来的努力。选项D符合题意。故选D项。13．词句猜测题。根据关键词定位到文章的第

二段第二句：Thekeyisnottodwellonthesemistakesforhours,accordingtoMelanieStefan,alectureratEdinburghMedicalSchoolwhoinspiredseveralacademicstocreatetheirow

nfailureresumesafewyearsago.可知，爱丁堡医学院讲师梅兰妮·斯蒂芬说，关键是不要在几个小时内dwellon这些错误，几年前，她鼓舞了几位学者创造了他们自己的失败履历。结合本段第一句Intheform

atofyourchoice,makealistofyourfailures,whetherit’sschoolsthatrejectedyou,projectsthatfailed,orgoalsyoudidn’tquiteachieve.可知，在你选择的格式中，列出你的失败，不管是学校拒绝了你

，项目失败了，还是你没有完全实现的目标。由此可知，在写失败的简历时，要列出自己的失误，但不要总是念念不忘。选项B符合题意。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据关键词定位文章第五段第二句AndresearchersatColumbiaUniversityannounce

dlastyearthattheyplannedtointerviewNobelwinnersabouttheirownfailuresinanattempttobetterunderstandhowpersonalandprofessionallossescanpromotelearni

ng.可知，哥伦比亚大学的研究人员去年宣布，他们计划对诺贝尔奖获得者就他们自己的失败采访，以更好地了解个人和职业损失如何促进学习。由此可知，了解失败可以促进学习。选项C符合题意。故选C项。15．推理判

断题。根据第四段中Stefan说的Butitwillremindyouofthemissingtruths,someoftheessentialpartsofwhatitmeanstobeascientistanditmightinspireacolleaguetoshakeof

farejectionandstartagain.(但它会让你想起那些遗漏的真理，一些对于一名科学家意味着什么的重要部分，它可能会激励你的同事摆脱拒绝，重新开始)可推知，Stefan对于简历中陈述失误的立场是赞同的，

是肯定的。选项B符合题意。故选B项。（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）Festivalsareaboutfuninlargehelpings(一份食物),andsciencefestivalsshouldbenoexceptionThereshouldbeplentyofi

tatthesecondEdinburghScienceFestival,whichrunsfrom2Aprilto16April,Buttherereallydoesseemtobesomethingtocaterf

oralltastesintheimpressivelistingofmorethan300events.Forstarters,whataboutatouroftropicalcropsintheBotanical

Gardens-tastesandsmellsincluded?YoucanfollowthatupwithacourseoflecturesandtastingsofItalianfoodandwinegivenbythefine

stItaliandelicatessen(熟食)inthecountry.NotriptoScotlandwouldbecompletewithoutatriptoadistillery(酿酒厂)toseehowthe"wateroflife"ismade.Besidesfoodan

ddrink"practicals",youcantrysomethinginthemedicinesection.Therearealsoplentyofeventsdesignedforkids,suchastheDiscoveryDom

eandthe"handson"sciencetent.OK,youmightsay,butwhereisthehigh-techphysics,thecomputerscienceandthespacetechnology?Well,itisallinEdinburgh,butroomi

sunavailableheretolisttheentireprogramme:includingthedailydiaryandAmapofvenues.Itcovers20pages!Thereisalsoahostofspecialistconferencesonarangeoftop

icsincludingstatistics,computingandurbanplanning.TheideaseemstobetomakeEdinburghafocusofscienceatalllevelsduringth

efestival.Theprogrammeofthefestivaliswellarrangedandsubdivided,makingiteasytopickoutinterestingeventstosuityourtastes,whatevertheymaybe.Ven

uesandthetargetaudience(children,adultsorspecialists)areallclearlycodedandthemapspostedalongtheroadshouldmakeiteasytogetaround.4．Whatdoweknowabou

tthesecondEdinburghScienceFestival?A．Itlastsfor14days.B．Itincludes300events.C．Ithasmuchfunaboutfood.D．Itisthelarg

estfestivalinEdinburgh.5．WhatdoestheauthorstronglyrecommendforatriptoScotland?A．Tastingthedeliciouslocalfood.B．VisitingthefamousBo

tanicalGardens.C．visitingafactorywherethewineismade.D．Seeinghowthedrinkingwaterismade.6．Whycan'twefindinformationabouttheentirehigh-tec

hprogramme?A．TheinformationistoomuchtolistB．Therearemoreimportantevents.C．Thevisitorsarenotinterestedinit.D．Theinformationconcernedha

sappearedintheposter.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A．Theeventssuitallthetastes.B．Itisconvenientfortour

iststovisitthefestival.C．Touristshavetobuyamapforthefestival.D．Thetargetaudiencearerestrictedtocerta

inevents.【答案】4．C5．C6．A7．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了第二届爱丁堡科学节的相关信息。4．细节理解题。根据第一段―Festivalsareaboutfuninlargehelpings(一份食物),andsciencefestiva

lsshouldbenoexceptionThereshouldbeplentyofitatthesecondEdinburghScienceFestival‖可知，节日充满了关于食物的乐趣，科学节也不例外，在第

二届爱丁堡科学节上应该有很多这样的关于食物的乐趣。所以第二届爱丁堡科学节上有很多关于食物的乐趣。故选C项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段―NotriptoScotlandwouldbecompletewithoutatriptoadis

tillery(酿酒厂)toseehowthe"wateroflife"ismade.‖可知，没有去酿酒厂看看―生命之水‖是如何制造的，去苏格兰的旅行就是不完整的。所以作者强烈建议去苏格兰旅行去参观生产酒的工厂。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第三段―butroomisu

navailableheretolisttheentireprogramme‖可知，但这里没有空间列出整个项目。所以为什么我们找不到关于整个高科技计划的信息是因为信息太多了，无法一一列举。故选A项。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段―Theprogrammeofthefestivalis

wellarrangedandsubdivided,makingiteasytopickoutinterestingeventstosuityourtastes,whatevertheymaybe.Venuesandthetargetaudience(children,adultsors

pecialists)areallclearlycodedandthemapspostedalongtheroadshouldmakeiteasytogetaround.‖可知，节日的日程安排得很好，也很细致，很容易挑选出适合自己口味的有趣的活动，不管它们是什么。场

地和目标观众(儿童、成人或专业人士)都有清晰的编码，路边张贴的地图应该让人们更容易参观。所以最后一段告诉我们，游客在节日期间的参观是很方便的。故选B项。（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）Ifweplantedalotmoretreesinjusttherightplaces

,theycouldreducetheamountofcarbonintheatmospheretolevelsnotseensincethe1920s,saidstudyleaderJeanFran

coisBastin,anecologistfromtheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology.Afterexaminingmorethan70,000high-qualitysa

tellitephotosoftreesfromallovertheplanet,ecologistsconcludedthattheearthcouldsupport900millionadditionalhect

ares(公顷)oftreecover.Bastinandhiscolleaguesdevelopedacomputerprogramthatestimateshowmuchforestedlandcouldberestored

bothnowandinafuturewarmerworld.Theteammemberscombedthrough78,774satellitephotosofavarietyofecosystems-everywherefromthethickAmazonrainforesttothedr

ySahelinAfrica-thathadbeenprotectedfromhumaninfluence.Theycountedeverytreeineveryphototoassessthecurrenttreecoverageinnaturalenvironme

nts.Theresearcherscombinedthatinformationwithdataabouttheclimate,temperatureandsoilconditionsforeachecosystem.Thentheyt

aughttheirprogramtoputitalltogethertodeterminehowmuchtreecoverageaparticularareacouldsupport.Theresultshowstreescurrentlycover2.8

billionhectaresofland-buttheyhavethepotentialtopopulateasmuchas4.4billionhectares.Rightnow,muchoftheadditional1.6bill

ionhectaresisbeingusedforagricultureorurbanspaces.Theresearcherstookthoseareasoffthetableandsawthattheearthstillhas

900millionhectaresreadyandwaitingtoberestoredwithtreesanarearoughlythesizeofBrazil.Whenthosetreesmature,theycouldremove205gigatonnes(兆吨)ofcarb

onfromtheatmosphere,thestudycalculated,Thatrepresentsabouttwo-thirdsoftheroughly300gigatonnesofatmosphericcarbonthatcanbetracedtohumanactions,theys

aid.Eveniftreesareplantedinthemostmindfulway,otheractionsarestillneededtofightclimatechange,Bastinsaid.8．WhydidBastindevelopaco

mputerprogram?A．ToreduceairpollutioninAfrica.B．Todeterminecarbondioxideintheair.C．Toassessthepotentialforestedland.

D．Tocalculatetheareaofforestintheworld.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase―combedthrough‖inParagraph2referto?A．Lookedinto.B．Putaway.C．Br

oughtback.D．Tookin.10．WhatcanweinferfromwhatBasinsaidinthelastparagraph?A．Brazilhaslargeareastoplanttrees.B．Thetreecoverisnotenoughtocontrolgreenho

usegases.C．Treesremovedtwo-thirdsofcarbonintheatmosphere.D．Otheractionsareequallyimportantcomparedtoplantingtree

s.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheresearchresult?A．Disapproving.B．Doubtful.C．Supportive.D．Objective.【答案】8．C9．A1

0．D11．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。瑞士联邦理工学院的生态学家Bastin和他的团队在检查了来自地球各地的7万多张高质量的树木卫星照片后得出结论：地球可以再支持9亿公顷的树木覆盖。如果我们在适当的地方种植更多的树木，就可以将大气中的碳含量降低到2

0世纪20年代以来从未见过的水平。文章对该研究和研究结论进行了说明。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Bastinandhiscolleaguesdevelopedacomputerprogramthatestimateshowmuchforestedl

andcouldberestoredbothnowandinafuturewarmerworld.可知，Bastin和他的同事开发了一种计算机程序，该程序可以估计在现在和未来变暖的世界中可以恢复多少林地。C选项（评估潜在的林地）表达此意，故选C。9．词句猜测题。根据下文中的Theycountede

verytreeineveryphototoassessthecurrenttreecoverageinnaturalenvironments.可知，科学家们他们计算了每张照片中的每棵树，以评估自然环境中树木的覆盖率。由此推知，科学家们首先是对这些照片进行―梳理，研究‖，然后再进行

计算。且该语境和第一段中的第三行中的―examiningmorethan70,000high-qualitysatellitephotosoftrees‖一致，因此划线词组和examine的意思相近。故划线词组的意思应为―梳理，研究，检查‖之类的意思。故选A

。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段Eveniftreesareplantedinthemostmindfulway,otheractionsarestillneededtofightclimatechange,Bastinsaid.可知，Basin认为即使以最谨慎的方式种植树木，仍然

需要采取其他行动来应对气候变化。由此推知，其他行动和种树一样重要。故选D。11．推理判断题。文章中作者只是对该研究结果进行了客观陈述，并未表达个人看法。由此可知，作者对该研究结果的态度是―客观的‖。故选D。（2020届山西省晋中市高三一模）Guiltisoneofthemostpai

nfulemotionsthathumansexperiencebutalsooneofthemostcommon.Nobodyenjoysfeelingguilty,butthisemotionservesanimportantpurpose:italerts(使警觉)apersonwhen

heorshehasdonesomethingwrong.Thisenablesthepersontocompensateandworktohealrelationshipsthatweredamagedbytheirac

tions.Itcanalsomotivatepeopletoavoidmakingsimilarmistakeslater.Nevertheless,guiltcanbedestructiveifitisnotdealtwithintherightway.Itcancausep

eopletoavoidothersbecausetheyaretooembarrassedtoapologizefortheiractionsorinaction.Sometrytoavoidthepainofguiltbyturningtootherw

orsehabits.Otherstrytocoveruptheirguiltbyblamingothersorbecomingangry.Whatmakesitmorecomplicatedisthatsometimespeoplefee

lguiltyaboutthingsthathappenoutoftheircontrol.Oneexampleofthisissurvivors’guilt.Peoplewhosurviveadisasterfeelguiltybecausetheyescape

ddeathwhenothersdidn’t.Otherwise,somepeoplemayexperiencefalseguiltbecauseofexcessivelyhighexpectationsforthemselvesthattheycannotliveupto.Theproperre

sponsetoguiltdependsonwhatkindofguiltyou’redealingwith.Forfalseguilt,it’simportanttorecognizethattheguiltdoesnotreflectanactualethical

(道德的)failure.Forexample,somefalseguiltfocusesonfailingtomeetexpectationsyouhadforyourself.Inthiscase,it’simportanttoremi

ndyourselfthatyouhavelimits.Nooneisperfect,andnoonecandoeverything,soadmittingyourlimitsinactuallyasignofhu

mility(谦虚).It’spossiblethatyoufeelguiltybecauseyouactuallydidsomethingwrong-ordidn’tdosomethingyoushouldh

ave.Ifso,don’ttrytohideit.Apologizeandaskforforgiveness.Learnfromyourmistakes,andtrytoavoidcommitting

thesameactsagain.Makingupwiththepersonyouhurtshouldmakeyourguiltyfeelingsfade.Guiltispainful,butitcanserveagoodpurposeifyouuseitwell.

12．WhatisthefunctionoffeelingguiltyaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Itcanpreventpeoplefrommakingmistakes.B．Itcanperfec

tthedamagedrelationship.C．Itcanwarnpeopleoftheirmistakes.D．Itcanmakepeoplerefreshed.13．Whydosomepeopleexperiencefalseguilt?

A．Thesituationwasbeyondtheirreach.B．Theywanttoprovetheirkindness.C．Theycan’tfaceuptoadisaster.D．Theyar

eethicalfailures.14．Whenyoudosomethingwrong,youshould.A．remindyourselfthatnooneisperfectB．coverupyourguiltinyourmindC．makeyourguiltyfeelingfa

denaturallyD．admityourmistakeandmakeupfor15．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ACommonPainfulEmotionB．ThePositive

UseofGuiltC．DifferentKindsofGuiltD．HowtoDealwithFalseGuilt【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了对于内疚的正确认识及其积极利用。12．细节理解

题。根据第一段中的―Italerts(使警觉)apersonwhenheorshehasdonesomethingwrong.‖可知，内疚感会提醒人们做错了事。即C项（它可以警告人们犯了错误。）是正确的。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的―somep

eoplemayexperiencefalseguiltbecauseofexcessivelyhighexpectationsforthemselvesthattheycannotliveupto.‖可知，某些人可能会因过高的期望无法实现而产生的错误的内疚感

。即有些人会产生这种内疚感是因为情况超出了他们的能力范围。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据第五段―It’spossiblethatyoufeelguiltybecauseyouactuallydidsomething

wrong-ordidn’tdosomethingyoushouldhave.Ifso,don’ttrytohideit.Apologizeandaskforforgiveness.Learnfromyourmistakes,andt

rytoavoidcommittingthesameactsagain.Makingupwiththepersonyouhurtshouldmakeyourguiltyfeelingsfade.‖可知，你可能会因为自己实际上做错了或没有做应做的事情而感到内疚。如果是这样的话，请不要隐藏。向对方

道歉并请求原谅。从错误中吸取教训，并尝试避免再次犯同样的错误。与受伤的人和好应该会使你的内疚感消失。即人们在做错事时，应该承认错误并做出弥补。故选D。15．标题判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一段―Guiltispainful,butitcanserveagoodpurp

oseifyouuseitwell.‖内疚是痛苦的，但如果你好好利用它，它可以起到很好的作用。所以本文主要论述了对于内疚的正确认识及其积极利用,故B项―内疚的积极作用‖作为标题最为合适。A项―一种普遍的痛苦情绪‖属于主题扩大，超出了文章真正表达的内容。C项―内疚的不同类型‖属于以偏概全

，这只是文章的部分信息。D项―如何处理虚假内疚‖属于以偏概全，这只是文章的局部内容。故选B。（2020届山西省太原市高三二模）Somepsychologistssaythatcommunityart—artmadetobedisplayedfreeofchargeinaparticula

rcommunity—canmakeabigdifference.Unliketherandomgraffiti（涂鸦）thatmanypeopleconsideraneyesore,communityartc

anbringpeopletogetherandencouragerespect.IntheU.S.cityofPhiladelphia,forexample,psychologistsaredoingacitywidepr

ojectwherementalhealthpatientsworkwithaveragepeopletopaintmurals（壁画）.Theaimofthisprojectistoreducethementalillnessandpromoteanewdialogueabou

tpeoplewhostrugglewiththeseissues.Artalsomakesneighborhoodsmoreattractiveandhasauniqueabilitytoopenpeopleup.Neighborscansharecommentswithoneano

theraboutarecentlypaintedmural,whichcanchallengetheirprejudicesandopentheireyestotheworld.Businessesca

nalsobepromotedbycommunityart.InFortSmith,atownintheU.S.stateofArkansas,artistsfromaroundtheglobecametogethertopaintmurals.Oneofthegoalsofth

eprojectwastoexpandthetown'sculturalofferingsinordertoattractmorevisitors.Notonlylocalsbutalsotourist

sweredrawntoseethemurals.Themoneytheyspentwhilevisitingthetownbenefitedlocalbusinesses.Generousfinancialsupportisprovidedforcommunityar

tprojectsinmanycitiesandtowns.IntheUK,theArtsCouncilEnglandhasinvestednearlyhalfamilliondollarsincommunityart.Someofit,fo

rexample,haspaidforanewexhibitionspacecreatedinsideanoldmillinthetownofBrierfield.IntheU.S.,anorganizationcalledtheKnightFoundationhasinvestedm

illionsofdollarsincommunityprojects,includingmanythatfocusonart.4．WhatisthepurposeofthecommunityartprojectinPhiladelphia?A．Toreplaceran

domgraffiti.B．Todealwiththeissuesaboutmentalillnesses.C．Topromotedialoguesaboutartissues.D．Toencourage

respectforpsychologistsandfinearts.5．Howdoescommunityartopenpeopleup?A．Bychangingpeople'sviewsonprejudices.B．Bygivingnewlifetotraditionalmurals.C．By

providingasubjectforconversation.D．Bymakingneighborhoodsmoreattractive.6．Whatdoesthetextindicateabouttownslike

FortSmith?A．Theycanprofitfromarteconomically.B．Theyprovideinexpensivecoursesinart.C．They'veplacedsomerestrictionsonart.D．Theyborrowartfr

omothercommunities.7．WhatdoweknowaboutthecommunityartintheUK?A．Itislimitedtorichcommunities.B．Ithasthesupporto

fthegovernment.C．ItstartedfromamillinBrierfield.D．ItispaidforbytheKnightFoundation.【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。一些心理学家说

，社区艺术——在特定社区免费展示的艺术——可以产生很大的不同：社区艺术可以把人们团结在一起，可以打开人们的心扉，还可以促进企业的发展。在英国，社区艺术得到了政府的支持。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的―Theaimofthisproje

ctistoreducethementalillnessandpromoteanewdialogueaboutpeoplewhostrugglewiththeseissues.‖可知这个项目的目标是减少精神疾病，并促进一个新的关于和精神疾病做斗争的人

们的对话。选B项、5．细节理解题。根据第三段―Artalsomakesneighborhoodsmoreattractiveandhasauniqueabilitytoopenpeopleup.Neighborscansharecommentswithoneanotherabou

tarecentlypaintedmural,whichcanchallengetheirprejudicesandopentheireyestotheworld.‖可知艺术还能让社区更有吸引力，并且有一种独特的能力让人

们敞开心扉。邻居们可以互相分享对一幅最近绘制的壁画的看法，这幅壁画可以挑战他们的偏见，开阔他们的眼界。也就是社区通过提供一个共同话题来帮助人们打开心扉。选C项。6．推理判断题。根据―InFortSmith,a...Themoneytheyspentwhilevisitingthe

townbenefitedlocalbusinesses.‖在美国阿肯色州的史密斯堡镇，来自世界各地的艺术家们聚集在一起绘制壁画。该项目的目标之一是扩大该镇的文化服务，以吸引更多的游客。当地人和游客都被吸引去看这些壁画。他们游玩该镇所花的钱使当

地的企业受益。文章通过举这个小镇的例子表明了这些小镇可以通过艺术获得经济上的利益。选A项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的―Generousfinancialsupportisprovidedforcommunityartprojectsinmany

citiesandtowns.IntheUK,theArtsCouncilEnglandhasinvestednearlyhalfamilliondollarsincommunityart.‖可知许多城

镇为社区艺术项目提供了慷慨的财政支持。在英国，英国艺术委员会已经为社区艺术投资了近50万美元。由此可知英国的社区艺术得到了政府的支持。选B项。（2020届山西省运城市高三调研）ItisfashionabletodaytocriticizeBigBusiness,andthereisone

issueonwhichthemanycriticsagree:CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch(ortoomuchrelativetoworkers),orthattheycontrolothers’pay,orthattheirpayisi

nsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.ButthemorelikelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.ItistruethatCEOpayhasg

oneup---toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingesti

mates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporation-fromthe350largestsuchcompanies-nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.Whileindividualcaseso

foverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpayarenotsomysteriousandnotsotrappedincorruption(腐败).Infact,overallCEOcompensatio

nforthetopcompaniesrisesprettymuchinlinewiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCE

Opay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmericanshighest-earning1%havebeen

oneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetoman

yotherworkersintheU.S.economy.Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeingableto―runthecompany.‖

CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,as

thecostsofevenaminorslipupcancauseabadconsequence.Thenthere’sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthanev

erbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlyincredible.Thereisyet

anothertrend:virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&Dinhi

ghlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing(基因组序列).Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunningtheWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandc

ourtingstars；youalsoneedtobuildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGI(计算机生成图像)productsforcartoonmoviesa

tthehighestlevelsoftechnicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobt

heyhavealwaysdone-whichincludesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextendacorporateculture,understandingtheinternala

ccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplanstotheboard.GoodCEOsaresomeoftheworld’smostpowerfulcreatorsand

havesomeoftheverydeepestskillsofunderstanding.12．WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?A．Thegrowthinthe

numberofcooperationB．ThegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomyC．IncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirmsD．Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics13．Compa

redwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto________.A．fosterastrongersenseofteamworkB．financemoreresearchanddevelopmentC．establishc

losertieswithtechcompaniesD．operatemoreglobalizedcompanies14．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword―slipup‖(line5,paragraph4)iscloseto______

__.A．operationB．successC．mistakeD．promotion15．Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe________.A．CEOsAreNotOverpaidB．CE

OPay:PastandPresentC．CEOs’ChallengesofTodayD．CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．A【解析】本文是说明文。文章分析了CEO的薪酬高的原因和如今面临

的挑战，说明CEO高工资是合乎情理的。12．细节理解题。根据第四段的ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportuni

tiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.(然而，了解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模式是，在一个顶级公司的商业机会正在迅速增长的世界中，CEO人才有限。)可知，增加了顶级公司的商业机会，促进了CEO薪酬的增加。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第六段的Thenthere’sthe

factthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsys

temrequiresknowledgethatisfairlyincredible.(还有一个事实是，美国的大公司比以往任何时候都更加全球化，供应链遍布更多的国家。领导这个系统需要相当不可思议的知识。)可推断，今天的CE

O需要经营更多的全球化公司。故选D。14．词句猜测题。根据上文Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors(他们还需要比他们的前任更好的公共关系技能)，结合as引导原因状语从句，说明主句的原因可推断，划线句表达的意

思是：因为即使是轻微失误的代价也会造成不良后果。故划线词与mistakes意思一致。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段提出CEO薪酬高是热门话题，二到五段分析了CEO高薪酬的原因，说明首席执行官薪酬的决定因素并不那么神秘，也不那么陷入腐败。事

实上，整体CEO的薪酬几乎符合这些公司在股票市场上的价值；六到八段分析了今天的CEO面临的挑战，因此推断文章主要讲述首席执行官的薪酬是合理的。故A项―CEO没有被给予过高的薪酬‖为最佳标题。故选A。（2020届四川省成都七中高三三诊）SALISBURYSumme

rSchool2020TRAVELFORMPleasecompleteandreturnStudent’sName:________Cellnumber:________TravelPlans:Pleasesp

ecifythemeansoftravelingtoandfromtheschool.StudentstravelingwithparentsbycarshouldplantoarriveonSunday,July1anddepartSalisburySchool

onSaturday,August4,thenextdayafterProgressDay.Pleaseindicate:Studentswillbearrivinganddepartingwithparents.Stude

ntswillbetravelingbytrainorbusto/fromtheschool.NewYorkCity—viaTrain:(Metro-NorthRailroad—HarlemLine:WassaicS

tation&GrandCentralStation)TheWassaicStationistheclosesttotheschool—approximately10miles.Contactinformation:845473-8424orht

tp://www.mta.info/mnr.BusLinefromNYC:TheBonanzabusstopinCanaan,CTisapproximately5milesfromtheschool.Schedulescanbeaccessedathttp://ww

w.bonanza-bus.transit-info.com.LocalTaxiServices:LakevilleTaxi860-435-8000and800-675-0670AirportPickup,Saturday,June30Pleasenote:Mychildwillt

raveltoJFKAirport(NewYorkCity)whereaSalisburyrepresentativewillpickstudentsup.Theshuttle(班车)willleav

efromJFKat6o’clockintheafternoonforthereturntoSalisbury.Pleaseprovideallflightinformationinthespacebelowincludingthecellphone

contactnumberforyourchild.Wewillprovidethecellphonenumberoftherepresentativelater.Thisisthepreferredarrivaldateforallstudentsfromhomeandabroadtravel

ingthroughJFK,whichcanbeguaranteedbytakingtheairplane.Airline&Flight#:_________NYCArrivaltime:_________Pleasenote:Mychildwi

lldepartonAugust4byshuttlethroughJFK.Dependingonflighttimes,studentsmayexperiencealongwaitfortheirflightdepartures.Airline&Flight#:_______

__Departuretime:_________1．WhatdayisProgressDay?A．Thursday.B．Friday.C．Saturday.D．Sunday.2．Whatshouldstuden

tskeepinmindtotaketheshuttleonJune30?A．Bookingabusticketinadvance.B．Arrivingbefore6pm.C．Waitingforalongtimeintheairport.D．ChoosingaSali

sburyrepresentative.3．Whomisthisformmainlyintendedfor?A．Thestudents’parents.B．Teachersoftheschool.C．Thedriveroftheshuttle.D．Home

andforeignstudents.【答案】1．B2．B3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。这是一个暑期学校面向学生家长推出的一个表格，要求完善相关信息，并交回校，包括：学生到校及离校乘坐的交通工具、时间、家长是否陪同等。1．细节理解题。根据第三、四行Student

stravelingwithparentsbycarshouldplantoarriveonSunday,July1anddepartSalisburySchoolonSaturday,August4,thenextdayafterProgressDay.可知，开车旅行的学

生和家长应该计划在星期天（7月1号）到达，周六（8月4号）离开索尔兹伯里学校，即ProgressDay的第二天。由此可知，ProgressDay是星期五。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据AirportPickup,Saturday,June30部分的Theshu

ttle(班车)willleavefromJFKat6o’clockintheafternoonforthereturntoSalisbury.可知，校车会在下午6点从肯尼迪机场出发返回索尔兹伯里。因此，6月

30号乘校车的学生要记住在6点以前到达坐车地点。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据AirportPickup,Saturday,June30部分的Pleasenote:MychildwilltraveltoJFKAirpo

rt(NewYorkCity)whereaSalisburyrepresentativewillpickstudentsup.可知，请注意，我的孩子将前往肯尼迪机场，索尔兹伯里的一名代表将在那里接学生。根据倒数第三行Pleasenote:MychildwilldepartonAugust4

byshuttlethroughJFK.可知，请注意：我的孩子将于8月4日乘校车离开肯尼迪机场。根据倒数第五行―Pleaseprovideallflightinformationinthespacebelowincludingthecellphonecon

tactnumberforyourchild.请在下方空白处提供所有航班信息，包括您孩子的手机联系号码。‖从这些表达可以以判断出，这个表格是为学生的父母设计的。故选A。（2020届四川省成都七中高三三诊）Whileastronautsinsp

acegettodomanyexcitingthings，theymissoutonordinarythingsthatwealltakeforgranted—beingabletowalkonfirmground，hangingoutwithfami

lyanddiggingintoasliceofhotsteamingpizza．Thoughnotmuchcanbedoneaboutthefirsttwothings，theremaysoonbeasolutiontothethirdone，thankstothiscool3-Dpiz

zaprinter！Aboutayearago，NASAoffered$125,000toAnjanContractor，a3-Dtechnologyexpert，tobuildadevice（设备）thatwouldallowastronautstoma

kepizzaondemand．Themechanicalengineerpromisedthathisinventionwouldproducepiesinlargequantitiesthatlooked，tastedandevensmelledlikepiz

zamadeincommonovens．Latelastyear，theengineerpresentedavideoofhisfirstprototype（原型）thatbeginsbycreatingasinglesliceofdoug

h（面团）thatiscookedandprintedatthesametime．Thencomesthetomato―sauce‖—amixoftomatopowder，oilandwaterandfinally，aproteinslicethatres

emblescheese．Whilethevideodoesn’tshowthebakingprocess，theinventorsaysthatoncethepizzaisprinted，itcanbereadyt

obeconsumedin7seconds．Whilethepieinthevideolooksdeliciousenoughtoattractanypizzalover，AnjanContractorisfarfromreadyfora

stronauts．That’sbecausehestillhastofindasolutiontomakethefoodcontainerintheprinterlastfor30years．Thoughthatmay

soundunrealistic，actuallyitisnot．AnjanContractorbelievesthattheonlywaythatispossibleisthatthewaterisrem

ovedfromalltheingredients（配料）andthentheyarereducedtothepowderform．This，asyoucanimagine，willnotbesoeasy．But，whiletheprintermaynotbereadyforspa

ce，itcertainlylooksreadyenoughforpeopleonearth．Hopefully，NASAandContractorwillconsidersellingittothosenotfortunateenoughtogotoMars！8．Whydoestheautho

rmentionthethingsthatastronautsinspacecannotdo？A．Toaskusnottotakecommonthingsforgranted．B．Toshowtheyliveadifficultlifethere．C．Toshowtheir

lifeisboringinspace．D．Tointroducethetopicofthetext．9．NASAoffered$125，000toAnjanContractormainlyto_______．A．cr

eatesomenewtypeof3-DprinterB．attractmorecompaniestoworkforNASAC．helpastronautsinspaceenjoyfreshpizzaonedayD

．producepizzainlargequantitiestoearngreatprofits10．ThebiggestchallengethatAnjanContractorisfacedwithnowisprobablythat_______．A．hehasnomoneyleftto

goonwithhisresearchB．thepizzadoesn’tseemappetizingtopizzaloversC．hehasnowaytomakepizzathatcanlastforthirtyyearsD．hecannotmakethefoodcontainerlastford

ecades11．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage？A．NASAistryingitsbesttohelpastronautseatbetterB．Astronautsmayso

onbeabletoenjoysteaminghotpizzaC．NASAisworkingonmakingpizzaforcommonpeopleD．A3-Dpizzaprinterhasbeenusedtomakepizza【答案】8．D9．C10．

D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。最新的研究表示，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨。8．推理判断题。根据第一段Whileastronautsinspacegettodomanyexcitingthings，theymi

ssoutonordinarythingsthatwealltakeforgranted—beingabletowalkonfirmground，hangingoutwithfamilyanddiggingintoasliceofhotsteamingpizza．Thoughno

tmuchcanbedoneaboutthefirsttwothings，theremaysoonbeasolutiontothethirdone，thankstothiscool3-Dpizzaprinter！可知，当宇航员在太空中做许多令人兴奋的事情时，

他们错过了一些我们都认为理所当然的普通事情——能够在坚实的地面上行走，与家人一起闲逛，吃一块热气腾腾的披萨。虽然前两件事还不能做太多，但第三件事可能很快就会有解决方案，多亏了这台酷酷的3-D披萨打印机!

。文章是介绍一项可以为宇航员提供―打印披萨‖的技术可能性，故判断出，为什么作者提到宇航员在太空中不能做的事情是为了引出主题。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段―Aboutayearago，NASAoffered$125,000toAnjanContractor，a3-Dtechno

logyexpert，tobuildadevice（设备）thatwouldallowastronautstomakepizzaondemand．‖可知，大约一年前，美国宇航局出价12.5万美元给Anjan承包商，一个3d技术专家，来建造

一个可以让宇航员按需制作披萨的设备。所以美国宇航局提供的125，000美元是为了开发出向宇航员们提供新鲜披萨的技术。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段―That’sbecausehestillhastofindasolutiontoma

kethefoodcontainerintheprinterlastfor30years．‖可知，这是因为他仍然需要找到一个解决方案，使打印机中的食物容器能够使用30年。所以Anjan承包商现在面临的最大挑战可能是他无法使食品容器持续几十年。故选D。11．

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，宇航员在太空时，也会有食物的需求。最新的研究表示，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上披萨，因此在将来宇航员们也许能吃上热气腾腾的披萨哦。所以短文的最佳标题为―宇航员可能很快就能享受到热气腾腾的披萨了‖。故选B。（2020届四川

省成都七中高三三诊）Followingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownvirusasitsfulleff

ectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit’spotential

lymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon-livingorg

anisms(有机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorgan

ismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmalle

stbacteria.Forthisreason,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseas

esoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviralinfectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,wa

itingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourbodiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexam

ple,HIV,whichcausesAIDS,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom

?Untilnow,noclearexplanationfortheiroriginexists.―Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult‖,EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒学家)attheUnive

rsityofCapeTowninSouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,―becausevirusesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomakeco

piesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded‖.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.First,virusesstarted

asindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNAorRNAthat―escaped‖fromlar

gerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.Forthetimebeing,

theseareonlytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemos

tplausibleexplanation.Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含

糊不清的)thanitnowappears.12．Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A．Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B．Virusesarereallysmallliv

ingorganisms.C．Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D．Virusesenterourbodiesmainlythroughthemouth,no

seandhair.13．Whichofthefollowingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A．Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B．Theyevolve

dfromparasitesintoindependentorganisms.C．TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D．Theyevolvedalongwithth

eirhostcells.14．Theunderlinedword―plausible‖inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．reasonableB．commonC．c

reativeD．unbelievable15．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Viruseslivelongerinhumanhostcellsthaninanimals’.B．Viruseswillbecomemor

elikebacteriaastheyevolve.C．Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D．Theauthorisoptimistic

aboutfuturevirusresearch.【答案】12．C13．D14．A15．C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于COVID-19新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染的

；目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。12．细节理解题。根据第三段中―Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingorganismstor

eproduce,spreadandtakeover.（与人类细胞或细菌不同，它们不能自己繁殖。相反，它们侵入生物体的细胞来繁殖、传播和接管）‖可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖。故选C项。13．细节

理解题。第七段是关于病毒起源的三种假说。其中第三种假说是―Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethese

cells.‖可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存。故选D项。14．词句猜测题。第七段中提到―therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofvi

ruses.‖，以及第八段中―theseareonlytheories‖。可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源还无法作出―合理的‖解释。因此可以猜测plausibl

e意思为―合理的‖。故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中―Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheansweris

evenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.（后续的研究可能会给我们提供更清晰的答案。或者未来的研究可能表明，答案甚至比现在看起来的还要含糊不清的。）‖可以推断，要找到病毒的起源还需要很长一段时间。故选

C项。