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1.阅读理解题材广泛，追溯近年来高考阅读理解试题来源，可以发现文本素材全部来源于国外网站和刊物，通常选材时间跨度近10年内的网站内容作为素材。选材围绕三大主题语境，包括人与自然、社会和自我。充满鲜明的时代特征，具有一定的知识性、创新性和教育性。2.体裁包括记叙文、说明

文、议论文、应用文。通常以说明文为主，总词数有增大的趋势。选材和试题设臵难度适中，但阅读广泛对词汇量有所提升。在平时的复习中，应该学会利用派生法、转义法等方法拓展词汇，多熟悉新课标词汇变化。3.常考试题类型有细节理解题、推理判断题

、词义推断题、主旨大意题等。主要以细节理解和推理判断为主，考查学生的语篇理解能力、提取和处理信息能力、推断能力、分析能力，以及跨文化交际意识和恰当运用阅读策略的能力。一、细节理解类（一）明考查方式和考查角度Ⅰ.把握细节

理解题的常见设问方式：(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。(3)

就文中数字、排序等提问。Ⅱ.明晰细节理解题的考查角度：命题趋势考点清单专题五××阅读理解(1)高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把loseone'sjob换

成了beoutofwork。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成ofimportance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设臵为正确答案。正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而

成为正确选项。原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项。(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容。曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非在意思

上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。正误参半部分正确，部分错误。二、推理判断类（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first.../last)pass

agethat________．(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______．(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis___

_____．(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards…?(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainide

aby________．(8)Thefirst.../lastparagraphservesasa(n)________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、

读者对象。(二)推理判断题正确选项特征推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如only,never,all,

absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文

章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混

淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活

常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设臵的问题毫不相干。5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。6．扩缩

范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过

改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。三、词义猜测类（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式(1)Thephrase“...”inthesentencecouldber

eplacedby________．(2)Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto______．(3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe...paragraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordme

an?(4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？(5)Theword“...”mostnearlymeans________．

(6)Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________．Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度(1)猜测生词或熟词生义；(2)猜测短语的意义；(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it,o

ne,they,this,that,these,those等)；(4)猜测句意。（二）明确方法技巧（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测（2）根据同位关系进行猜测（3）根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生、合成等

)进行猜测（4）根据因果关系进行猜测（5）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测（6）根据同义或近义关系进行猜测（7）根据转折或对比关系进行猜测（8）意义吻合定句意四、主旨大意类题型（一）明确考查特点Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式Whatisthemainide

aofthetext?Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Themainideaofthefirst/second/thirdparagraphis_

__________.Paragraph1/2/3mainlydealswith___________.Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。（二

）明确方法技巧1.阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。2.寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句

来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确

定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达

的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。七、理清文章结构文章的逻辑结构是文章重要的内在特征，了解篇章段落的逻辑结构对提高阅读理解的准度和

速度有着不可估量的作用。因此，在平时的阅读理解训练中要强化领悟段落、篇章结构及行文逻辑内在规律，长此以往，内化于心，潜移默化形成读文的内在“情思”，这个“情思”就是指与文章情感思路一致的、默契的思维流动。具备了

这种“情思”，快读、精读文章就达到了一种至高境界。(一)记叙文中的“具体事例型段落”——抓住此事例围绕的观点这种类型的段落整段都在讲具体事例。往往这个事例本身并不重要，而作者是为了证明自己的某个观点才讲了这样一个事例。因此，考生要站在宏观的角度把握这个事例证明了什么观

点，或者说明了哪一方面。它的特点就是会有特别具体的描述词，比如某个人名，多次被提到，而且用到的动词也都是一些表示具体动作的动词，而不是观点动词。(二)说明文中的“对比型段落”——分清层次最重要这种段落最常见的就是按时间分类说明或按某一特性分类说明。针对这种段落，要特别留意段落中的过渡词，比如，ab

oveall,inaddition,finally等等。(三)议论文中的“总分型段落”或“分总型段落”——一定要找到并读懂主旨句“总分型段落”排列在一开始就给出了作者的观点或者要说明的主要内容。后面的大部分都在论证这个观点或者进行细节上的

说明。针对这种类型的语篇，考生应该做到细读主旨段落，略读细节段落，以读懂主旨为要务。考生会发现文后的题目大都围绕主旨而命题，而偏离主旨的大都是干扰项，而不是正确答案。“分总型段落”排列在开始和中间都是一些细节型的内容，

有时是平行的细节，有时是层层递进，但一直到语篇的最后一段才点出最重要的观点或结论。显然读这种语篇的落脚点应该在结尾处。跟总分型的语篇相比，分总型的语篇有时更耗时间去发现主旨，因此考生们平时做题的时候要多去体会，争取在最短的时间找到主旨。（一）POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemab

outhowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.forea

chofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner‟schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelst

ayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPion

eer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.精题集训（60分钟）经典训练题50HonorableM

entions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart‟sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopr

eventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpap

er.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■Mailyouren

trytousbyOctober31thisyear.1.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.2.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionw

innersget?A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3.Whichofthefollowin

gwillresultindisqualification?A.Typingyourpoemout.B.Writingapoemof120words.C.Usingbothsidesofthepaper.D.MailingyourentryonOctober

30.【答案】1-3ACB【解析】本文为应用文，内容为诗歌竞赛的规则和奖项。1.细节理解题。根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,ap

arentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。2.C细节理解题。根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorab

lementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。3.B细节理解题。由Rules中“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdis

qualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.”，写诗用词不能超过100词，故选B。（二）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomea

ndtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBr

ightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandthe

irtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol——oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivi

ngtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundflo

or.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit‟sabigthingfo

rNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.”It‟shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggesttha

tthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationa

lfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itis

saidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerat

ionalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyroo

ted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband‟sfamilywhentheygetmarried.4.Whomainlyusesthegroundfloorint

heVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.5.WhatisNick‟sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-

law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.6.Whatistheauthor‟sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.

Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerat

ions.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】4-7BACD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住

在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。4.细节理解题。根据第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯

托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。5.推理判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼

克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。6.细节理解题。根据第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdsw

iththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2

013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseh

oldsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知

，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。7.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtoli

vetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。（三）Inmyeverydaylife,Iamonanongoingjourneytofigureoutdiffere

ntwaystoreducemycarbonfootprintontheplanet.Acarbonfootprintisthemeasureofinfluenceouractivitieshaveontheenvironment,inparticularcli

matechange.Itiscalculatedbytheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceinourdailylives.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheas

iertomakeeco-friendlylifestylechoicesthan,let'ssay,20yearsago.Butonequestionhasbeenonmymindalotlately:isitbettertobuyneweco-friendlyprod

uctsorusedtraditionallyproducedgoods?Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ihavedecidedthatsomethingsarebetternewandothersa

rebetterused.Letmetrytoexplain.Acarbonfootprintismadeupoftwoparts,theprimaryfootprintandthesecondaryfootprint.Theprimaryfootprintisameasu

reofourdirectemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)fromtheburningoffuels,includinghouseholdenergyconsumptionandtransportation.Thesecon

daryfootprintisameasureoftheindirectCO2emissionsfromthewholelifecycleofproductsweuse—thoserelatedtotheirproductionandbreak

down.Basedonthisunderstanding,wehaveagooddealofcontrolandresponsibilityoverourcarbonfootprint.Thingslikedishes,clothesandfurniturefallintothe“se

condaryfootprint”group,solessismoreandwecanfocusonfindingusedgoodstoavoidtheaddedproduction.However,forthecarandth

eotherappliances(设备)thatweneedwecangowithnew,energy-savingmodels.Iheardsomewherethatelectronicsandappli

ancesgiveoff90%oftheircarbon高频易错题footprintaftertheyleavethefactory.Soitseemsmostreasonabletogofortheenergy-s

avingmodels.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworth

thefootprinttheproductwillmakeonceitgetstoyou.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatappliancestobuytosaveenergy.B

.Whatacarbonfootprintmeansinourlife.C.Howtoidentifydifferentcarbonfootprints.D.Howtomakeeco-friendlylifestyle

choices.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthesecondarycarbonfootprint?A.Itisrelatedtoourconsumptionoffuels.B.Itismadewhenwearebuyin

gtheproducts.C.Itislessharmfulthantheprimarycarbonfootprint.D.Itiscountedasoursthoughnotdirectlymadebyus.10.Whichoft

hefollowinghelpsreduceourcarbonfootprintaccordingtotheauthor?A.Usingsecond-handtextbooks.B.Usingoldandexpens

ivecars.C.Buyingnewbutcheapclothes.D.Buyingnewwoodenfurniture.11."Thefootprint"underlinedinthelastsentencer

eferstotheCO2producedin_______.A.usingtheproductB.recyclingtheproductC.makingtheproductD.transportingtheproduct【答案】8-11DDA

C【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了作者在面对环保时的选择：买新的环保产品还是旧的传统产品？针对这个问题，作者提出了碳足迹的概念并具体提出正确做法。8.主旨大意题。由文章第一段最后和第二段可知，作者最近有一个问题：

是买新的环保产品还是用传统生产的产品更好？在做了一些研究之后，作者进行理论解释和提出相应建议，文章更重选择那一类产品，而非什么样的电器，故选D。9.细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，二次足迹是我们使用的与

产品生产和分解相关的产品的整个生命周期的间接二氧化碳排放量的度量，由间接可排除A，B不是购买而是且使用中的，C于文无据，D项最符合使用过程中间接产生二氧化碳的要求。10.推理判断题。由文章第四段可知，像盘子、衣服和家具之类

的东西属于“二次足迹”组，很少会产生二次足迹，所以可以集中精力寻找二手货，以避免增加生产，教科书就是属于这种类型。故选A。11.词义猜测题。选择节能车型似乎最为合理，这里主要关心的是用于制造新产品的能源量，以及这些额外的碳是否值得产品在到达你面前时所产生的足迹，即是产品被创造出来而产生的碳足迹，与

前面makingofnewproducts对应。故选C。（四）Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydi

dn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion（时装）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria

（海狸鼠）.UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyle

s.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMeCree,projectdirectorofRight

eousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupinthefashions

howsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物种）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefur

tradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Biologi

stEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbring

inmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMor

gansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleast

hereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyaccepta

ble.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.12.Whatisthepurposeofthef

ashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocele

brateawinterholiday.13.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspe

cies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamem

ature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.15.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.【答案】12-15AADB【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海狸鼠毛皮市场的发展及人们对穿着海狸鼠毛皮制成的不同风格的时装的各种观点。12.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“UnusualfashionshowsinN

ewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.”“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouu

nderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear…”，故选A。13.考查细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtop

ayhunters$5atail.”和第四段“NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild„Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativesp

ecies.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment…‟”，故选A。14.考查词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句的后半部分“thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy…”（猫那么大小的动物疯狂地繁

殖），与之相反，海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃了，故选D。15.考查推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithout

someonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork”，故选B。精准预测题（五）BookRecommendationSecondHarvestAuthor:Do

nAgeyLikethefirstinstallment,EclecticHarvest,thisbookincludesrhymedpoemswhichemploydifferentpoetictechniques.Ifyouarein

terestedinit,buyitatadiscount.OfHumanNatureandGoodHabitsAuthor:PrabhashKaranResearchclaimsthatmaintainingonly5good

habits—eatinghealthily,exercising,drinkingproperly,notsmokingandmaintainingahealthybodyweight—cannotonlykee

pthelifeingoldenyearshealthybutalsoextendthelifetimeoftheoldmenandwomenby12yearsand14yearsrespectively.Thebookillustrat

essomeaspectsoflifestyles.Asyoucansee,thisbookisespeciallysuitableforpeopleafterretirement.TheDueling

WizardsofSimpletownAuthor:WhitneyLeePrestonTheDuelingWizardsofSimpletownisataleoffantasyinvolvingtwosillymagicians,andatrickyplanbytheirtwo-fac

edservant.Thereisnodoubtthatkidswilllikeit.MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaurAuthor:ConnorAnstissMarvltandGoreglivenextdoortoeachother,a

ndarebestfriends.Thesetwonaughty8-year-oldsseemtogetintoallsortsoftroubles.Atthezoo,theyhaveamuchdifferentencounter.Willtheybeokay

?Readitandfindtheansweryourself.16．Whichbookwillinterestpoetryloversmost?A．SecondHarvest.B．OfHumanNature

andGoodHabits.C．TheDuelingWizardsofSimpletown.D．MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinosaur.17．WhatdoesPrabhashKaranthinkenablesthea

gedtolivelonger?A．Gainingweight.B．Keepingahealthydiet.C．Eatingmore.D．Drinkingmuchwine.18．What‟sMarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewithaDinos

aurabout?A．Astoryofzookeepers.B．Theexperienceoftwomagicians.C．Ataleoftheanimalandchildren.D．Thewaytodealwithnaughtychildren.【答案】16-18ABC【解析】这是一篇应用文

。短文向读者推荐了四本书。16.细节理解题。根据关键词“poetry”定位到SecondHarvest，结合本段中“Likethefirstinstallment,EclecticHarvest,thisboo

kincludesrhymedpoemswhichem-ploydifferentpoetictechniques.”和第一部《收获折衷主义》一样，这本书收录了押韵的诗歌，运用了不同的诗歌技巧。所以S

econdHarvest这本书最能吸引诗歌爱好者。故选A。17.细节理解题。结合关键词“PrabhashKaran”可以定位到“OfHumanNatureandGoodHabits”，结合“Researchc

laimsthatmaintainingonly5goodhabits—eatinghealthily,exercising,drinkingproperly,notsmokingandmaintainingah

ealthybodyweight—cannotonlykeepthelifeingoldenyearshealthybutalsoextendthelifetimeoftheoldmenandwomenby

12yearsand14yearsrespectively.”研究表明，只保持健康饮食、锻炼、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重等5个良好习惯，不仅可以使老年人的晚年生活保持健康，而且可以使老年人的寿命分别延长12年和14年。可知，保持

五个良好的习惯（健康饮食、运动、适量饮酒、不吸烟、保持健康体重）可以让男性老人和女性老人的预期寿命分别延长12年和14年。故选B。18.细节理解题。结合关键词“MarvltandGoregGetinBigTroublewi

thaDinosaur”，定位到文章最后一个黑体字部分。根据“MarvltandGoreglivenextdoortoeachother,andarebestfriends.Thesetwonaughty8-year-oldsseemtogetintoallsortsoftrou

bles.Atthezoo,theyhaveamuchdifferentencounter”Marvlt和Goreg是邻居，他们是最好的朋友。这两个淘气的八岁小孩，好像惹了很多麻烦。在动物园里，他们有着截然不同的遭遇。可

知，这本书讲述了关于动物和孩子的故事。故选C。（六）Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgr

oupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtm

orethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwo-yearjourneyt

oreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sa

cagaweahadbeenkidnapped(绑架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrench-Canadiantrapper.Whenthetrapperwashired

asaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-mi

lejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whe

naboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuch-neededsupplies.Whentheyneededhors

estocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlong-lostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkt

hatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(营地).Sacagaweaprovedherselfagainafte

rthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShos

honetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Shereceivednopayforhers

ervicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16-year-oldShoshonegirlwhogu

idedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.19．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade.B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer.D．T

ohelpcommunicate.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected.B．Suspected.C．Influenced.D．Promoted.21．What

doyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active.B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky.D．Unreliable.22．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspec

ialhonor.B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl.D．Anunknownterritory.【答案】19-22DABC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探

险队成功探险的故事。19．细节理解题。根据第三段SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-milejourney.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地

印第安人交流。故选D。20．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句whentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocastherv

oteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis和Clark的尊敬，他们才会要

求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected“尊敬”之意，故选A。21．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述Sacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughw

hatisnowIdaho.…andhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，

Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。22．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，Anoutsta

ndinggirl.一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。（七）Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(绷带)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(细菌的)infectionit‟sprotecting,justl

ikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.Thetrafficlightsystemworksjustlikethis:Greenmeansnobacteriaoralowconce

ntrationofbacteria,yellowmeansdrug-sensitive(DS)bacteriaresponsivetostandardantibiotics(抗生素)andcausesantibiotic

release,andredmeansdrug-resistant(DR)bacteriathatneedextrahelptobewipedout.Intestingthebandageonmice,theresear

chteamwasabletosuccessfullytreatbothDSandDRinfectionsusingthenewmethod.However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequir

ementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.Moreover,theabuseofantibioticscausestheacceleratedprocessofbacterialresistance.It‟seas

ytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.Treatmentdoesn‟thavetowaitforadoctortomakeadia

gnosis,andthebandagecangettherightsortofdrugsappliedattheearliestopportunity.What‟smore,thepersonwearingtheban

dagegetsreal-timefeedbackonwhat‟shappeningwiththeinfection,ifthere‟saninfectionatall.Theresearcherssayitof

fersnumerousbenefitsoverexistingtreatmentsthatmakeuseoflight,includingphotodynamictherapyorPDT.We‟vebeenseeingquit

eafewupgradestothetraditionalbandageinrecentyears,thankstoadvancesinscience—likethenanofibermeshthatattractsbacteri

aanddrawssomeofitout,speedingupthehealingprocess.Thenthere‟sthenovelbandagefortreatingburns,whichstopsbac

teriafrommultiplyingandlowerstheriskofinfection.Themoreworkthatabandagecandowhileit‟sprotectingawound,thebetter.Effortstoimproveban

dagescontinueandnowwe'vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat‟sgoing

ontoo.23．Whatisthesmartbandagemainlydesignedtodo?A．Avoidtheuseofantibiotics.B．Clearoutharmfulbacteria.C．Detectbacterialinfections.D．Increas

etreatmentoptions.24．Whatistheadvantageofthesmartbandage?A．Itsavesmuchtimeandcost.B．Itremovestheriskofinfecti

on.C．Itpreventsthebacterialresistance.D．Itimprovesdoctor-patientrelationship.25．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Traditionalbandagesar

eoutofusenow.B．Moresmartbandageswillbedeveloped.C．Progressinsciencecallsformoreresearch.D．Peopleareurgedtostudymedicalscience

.26．Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A．Asuccessfultestonmice.B．Acolour-changingbandage.C．Sensingdrug-resistantbacteria.D．P

reventingabuseofantibiotics.【答案】23-26CABB【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物

类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。23．细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(绷带)thatcansignalthet

ypeofbacterial(细菌的)infectionit‟sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.可知，科学家们已

经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所识别的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知，智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。24．细节理解题。根据第二段中However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresis

tancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.可知，常用的检测抵抗力的方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限

制。以及第三段第一句It‟seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.可知，很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光

可以克服这些限制。由此可知，智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe‟vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsote

llsthepatientexactlywhat‟sgoingontoo.可知，努力改进绷带仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据第一段

中Scientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(绷带)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(细菌的)infectionit‟sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleaset

herighttypeofdrugsondemand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知，文

章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。（八）Newresearchhasfoundthatgreysealscansimulate(模仿）humanspeechandsongs.ThestudycarriedoutbyDrAmandaStansburyandProfe

ssorVincentJanik,attheUniversityofStAndrews,foundthatgreysealsusethesamesoundproductionsystemashumansduetohavingsimilarvocaltracts(声道）。Threey

ounggreyseals-Zola,GandalfandJaniceweremonitoredfrombirthbyStansburyandJaniktodeterminetheirnaturaltalents.Oncethisprocesswascomplete,theresearche

rsbeganteachingthesealstosimulatecommonsealsoundsornoisesasealmightnormallyhearfromaherdmateinthewild.Fishwasusedto

encouragethesealstocomeoutofthewaterandsingaseriesofnotes.Stansburywouldrecordtheseals'ownsoundsandplaythemback.Thesealsquicklylearntth

atiftheysangbackthesamenotes,theywouldberewardedwithfish.Oncethesealswerefamiliarwiththisprocessandcouldeasilycopythes

ebasicsounds,StansburyandJanikusedhigherandlongertonesandunfamiliarvowelsfromhumanspeech.Thesealswerethenrewardedformatchingthesenewsounds.Stan

sburyevenusedsomecombinationstosimulatesongsthatnosealwouldbeexpectedtoproduceundernaturalcircumstances.Zolahadagiftforcopyinguptotennotesofsongss

uchasTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStarandthethemesongofStarWars.GandalfandJanicewerebetterataccuratelyreproducingcombinationsof

humanvowelsounds.Stansburysaid,“Iwasamazedhowwellthesealscopiedthemodelsoundsweplayedtothem.Copieswerenotperfect,butgiventhatthesear

enottypicalsealsounds,itisprettyimpressive.Ourstudyreallyshowshowflexiblesealvoicesare."Afteroneyearofworkingwiththeresearchers,thesea

lpupswerereleasedbackintothewild.“Thisstudygivesusabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentofvocallearning,askillthatisimportantfo

rhumanlanguagedevelopment.”Janikbelievesthisknowledgecanhelptodevelopnewmethodstostudyspeechproblems.27．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．G

reyseals‟learningenvironments.B．Aresearchfindingongreyseals.C．Humans‟soundproductionsystem.D．Acomparisonofhumansandgreyseals.28．Inthestudy,fishwouldb

egivenwhentheseals.A．madefunnynoisesB．cameoutofthewaterC．repeatedthesamenotesD．copiedtypicalfishsounds29．Wh

atcanwefindaboutZolabasedontheresearch?A．Itcancopysomemusicalsoundsplayedtoher.B．Itisgoodatcopyinghumanvowelsounds.C．Itissmarterthan

GandalfandJanice.D．Itlikessingingchildren'ssongs.30．WhatdoesJanikthinkoftheresearchresult?A．Itshowsthelivingenvironments

ofgreyseals.B．Itleadstoabetterunderstandingofhumanvocalsystem.C．Itraisesanawarenessoftheneedtoprotectgr

eyseals.D．Itbringsinspirationsforresearchonspeechproblems.【答案】27-30BCAD【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现---海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲。最后提到这个研究的结果对现实意义的指导

作用。27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Newresearchhasfoundthatgreysealscansimulatehumanspeechandsongs.新研究发现,灰海豹可以模拟人类语言和歌曲

。和foundthatgreysealsusethesamesoundproductionsystemashumansduetohavingsimilarvocaltracts发现灰海豹由于有相似的声带而使用与人类相同的发

声系统。可知，第一段整段在讲述了是科学家对灰海豹的研究新发现。故选B项。28．细节理解题。根据文章第2段Fishwasusedtoencouragethesealstocomeoutofthewaterandsingaseriesofn

otes.Stansburywouldrecordtheseals„ownsoundsandplaythemback.Thesealsquicklylearntthatiftheysangbackthesamenotes,th

eywouldberewardedwithfish.鱼被用来鼓励海豹从水里出来唱一系列的歌注；Stansbury会录下海豹的声音然后播放回来。海豹很快就学会了。如果它们唱回同样的音符，就会得到鱼的奖赏。可知，在这项研究

中，当海豹重复同样的音符时，会喂它们鱼。故选C项。29．推理判断题。根据第3段ZolahadagiftforcopyinguptotennotesofsongssuchasTwinkle,Twinkle,LittleStarandthethemesongofStarWars（

Zola有可以模仿多达十个音符的歌曲的天赋。如Twinkle,Twinkle,LittleStar和StarWars的主题曲）由此判断Zola能很好地模仿播放给它们听的声音。故选A项。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段Thisstudygivesusabetterunderstand

ingofthedevelopmentofvocallearning,askillthatisimportantforhumanlanguagedevelopment.Janikbelievesthis

knowledgecanhelptodevelopnewmethodstostudyspeechproblems这项研究让我们对声乐学习的发展有了更好的了解，声乐学习是人类语言发展的一项重要技能。Janik认为，这些知识有助于开发研究语音问题的新

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