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专题01名词-高考学霸笔记1.名词单复数不规则：①child-children;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;man-men②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，bus,watch,box,glass,match,brush,dish③以辅音字母+y结尾，

变y为i再加es【练一练】(1)【2018浙江】MakingChinese_____(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2)【2016全国卷II】Recent______(study)

showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(3)Themostimportantthingafathercandoforhis________(child)istoloveth

eirmother.(4)【2020高一上·绥化月考】OfficialsinthecityofLinhai,nearTaizhou,saidonSundaythatthetyphoonhadcausedtheworstfloodingthereinthe70-yearhistoryofth

ePeople'sRepublicofChina,withwaterlevelsashighas36________(foot)causingmajorpowerfailures.【参考答案】dishes;stud

ies;children;feet;2.冠词+名词①h开头：hour,honest,honor②university,united,union③useful,usual④European⑤one-eyed;one-way;one-stop【考点一】序数词前选the1.【2020年全国卷

II】Theplumtreesare70._____firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).【考点二】of后选the表特定范围（含最高级）2.【2019年全国卷I】Of____nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsub

-populations,threearedeclining,sixarestable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.3.【2014年全国卷I】Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof____mostoutstandingexam

plesofenvironmentalcleanup.【考点三】空后仅单个名词4.【2019年全国卷II】Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas______joke.【考点四】方位名词前加the5.【2018年全国卷II

I】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat______topofherlungs.6.【2017年全国卷II】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandt

henbuildingastrongroofover_____top.【考点五】as后a/an7.【2017年全国卷I】As______result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.8.【2017年

全国卷III】Instead,sheisearning$6500adayas_____modelinNewYork.【考点六】a/an+adj.+n9.（2021·浙江杭州四中高三开学考试）Teaisawonderfuldrinkoriginallypr

oducedinChinaabout4,000yearsago,whichis______importantcontributionoftheChinesepeopletotheworld.【考点七】其他（固定搭配）10.【2018年全国卷II】Cornproductionhasjump

ednearly125percentover_____past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.11.【2016年全国卷I】Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersoth

atwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,______otheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.12.【2016年全国卷II】Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor_____while,ex

ercising,ordongsomethingyouenjoy.13.【2015年全国卷II】Theadobedwellings(土坯房）builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven____mostmoder

nofarchitectsandengineers.单句改错【考点一】前文提及选the14.【2020年全国卷I】AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedonthestove.ThenIputthetomatoesandthebeateneggsinto

pantogether.15.【2017年全国卷III】Aroundmeinpicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime,carmagazinesandmusic

alinstruments.16.【2015年全国卷II】Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.【考点二】量词选a/an17.【2020年全国卷III】Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveth

ebowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.【考点三】可数名词单数前加a/an18.【2019年全国卷I】Suddenlyfootballfeeljustinfrontofmebutalmost

hitme.【考点四】a和an之间的互换19.【2019年全国卷III】Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.20.【2017年全国卷II】Theylivefarfromtheschool,andi

ttakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.【考点五】country/countryside/world前加the21.【2018年全国卷I】Duringmylastwint

erholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.22.【2016年全国卷II】Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.23.【2015年全国卷I】N

owIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.【考点六】as后冠词的选择24.【2018年全国卷II】Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem

,myparentswouldnotletme.25.【2014年全国卷I】Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.【考点七】序数词前选the26.【2017年全国卷I】Istillre

memberhowhardfirstdaywas.【考点八】其他（固定搭配）27.【2016年全国卷I】Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.28.【2016年全国卷II

I】Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.29.【2014年全国卷II】Thereareallkindsofthe

flowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.3.名词常见后缀①ment:equipment(equip),environment,government,movement(move),achievement(achieve),manageme

nt(manage),agreement(agree),development(develop),excitement(excite)②ness:happiness(happy),kindness(kind),awarene

ss(aware),business(busy),laziness(lazy),calmness(calm)③ty:activity(active),honesty(honest),ability(able),curiosity(curious),security(s

ecure),popularity(popular)④tion:action(act),education(educate),organization(organize),satisfaction(satisfy)⑤er:teacher,driver,leader⑥ist:scientist

,artist,tourist【练一练】(1)【2015全国卷II】Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto"air

condition"ahousewithoutusingelectric______(equip).(2)【2020湖南、河南、江西3月线上联考】Accidentscanhappen,soitisimportanttothinkaboutyour_______(secure)b

eforeyougoandwhileyouarethere.(3)【2018黑龙江佳木斯一中调研五】Yetovertheyears,its______(popular)fadedaway.(4)【2020湘赣皖十五

校下学期一次联考】Frommakingpapertoweavingcloth,frommakingasilkquilttobuildingherownbreadovenwithblocks,nothingseemsimpo

ssiblewithLi’scraftyhandsastheyworktheirmagictobringthesethingsinto______(exist).(5)【2020云南昆明三诊一模教学质检】Shesaidthepurposeofthedresswa

stobuild_______(excite)aboutart.(6)【2020新高考I】Historical______(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(7)【2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模】Insuchaperioditisarar

ecomforttofindacobblerwhogetshisgreatest_______(satisfy)fromprideinajobwelldone.(8)【2020全国卷III】Filledwith______(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsa

ndleft.4.名词复数提示词①数词,anumberof,various,allkindsof,avarietyof,oneof,these,those,acoupleof,adozenof,dozensof,ahandfulof②谓语动词为are,wer

e,have时，名词用复数5.常见不可数名词air,news,information,progress,advice,food,work,experience（经验不可数，经历可数）,paper,knowledgeinformatio

n不可数；message可数advice不可数；suggestion可数【综合练习】【考点一】adj.→n.30.(2020全国卷I)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular_____(interest

ing)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山).31.(2020全国卷Ⅲ)Filledwith_____(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.32.(2015全国卷II)Inadditiont

otheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_____(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout

usingelectricequipment.33.(2020高一下·淮南期末改编-含形容词考点)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thereissomegoodnewsfort

heenvironment.TheBritishgovernmenthasbannedtheuseofplasticparticles(微粒)incosmetics(化妆品)andotherpersonalcarepro

ducts.Plasticmicrobeadsortinysolidplasticparticlesareusedmostlyincosmeticsproduction,facewashes,toothpastesandotherproducts.Whenw

eusethesethings,theplasticmicrobeadsgetintoourpipesthatcarrywater,and________(eventual)endupintheocea

n.Plasticintheoceanputsfishandplantsindanger,andevencausesthemtodie.________(official)saythatthebanwillpreventwaterpollutionandinthemeantimehelpw

iththeprotectionofoceanlife."Thebanwillstopbillionsofpiecesofplasticenteringourecosystem,thushelpingtoconserveourpreci

ousseasandoceans,"FormerPrimeMinisterTheresaMayeverwroteonTwitter.ThereseCoffey,thentheEnvironmentMinis

teroftheUK,said,"Theworld'sseasandoceansaresomeofourmost________(value)naturalthings.Andwhatwedonowistodealwit

htheplasticthatcausesgreatdamagetooursealife."Healsoadded,"______(actual),theamountofnaturalgreenthingsthatwecant

akeadvantageoftomakepersonalcareproductsishuge,andthereforetheuseofplasticmicrobeadsshouldbeabandoned.”【考点二】v.→n.34.(2020全国卷II)ChineseNewYeari

sa_____(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.35.(2019全国卷I)...leadingtoa_____(

believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.36.(2019全国卷Ⅲ)...theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_____(compete)towa

tch,...37.(2018全国卷II)Thisswitchhasdecreased_____(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.38.(2017全国卷III)B

utSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeautysheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_______(educate).39.(2

016全国卷I)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop_____(attract).40.(2016全国卷II)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof__

___(achieve).41.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe_____(develop)ofchopsticks

.42.(2020高一下·宿迁期末改编)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Haveyoueverheardthunderduringabigsnowstorm?Ifso,you'veexperiencedan____

____(extreme)rareweatheroccurrence.Thethingsnecessaryforthundersnowaresouncommon________it'sreportedthatonly0.07percent

ofsnowstormsarelinkedwiththunder.Thisexplainstheexcited________(react)fromthewitnesstoarecentthundersnow.Thundersnow-whenthunderandlightni

ngoccurduringasnowstorm-ismostlikelytohappenduringlatewinterorearlyspringwhenamassofcoldairmeetswarmairneartheground.Thundersn

owismostcommonintheMidwest,theGreatLakesandalongcoastswheremoisture(水汽)fromwarmwatercaneasilyevaporate(蒸发)intothecolder,drierairabove.Someoftheplace

sthatmostfrequentlyreporttherareweatherevent________(be)WolfCreekPass,Colorado;Bozeman,Montana;andtheshoresofLakeOntario.【考点三】名词复数43.(2020浙江)Later

,theylearnedtoworkwiththe_____(season).44.(2018全国卷I)...amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsf

romall_____(cause).45.(2017全国卷I)...hashadsomeunintendedside_____(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.46.(2017全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseve

ral_____(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.47.(2016全国卷I)Thenurseryteamswitcheshim

everyfew_____(day)withhissister.48.(2016全国卷II)Recent_____(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatwork.49.(2015全国卷I)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,

adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhicharepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_____(painting).50.(2014全国

卷I)Formostofus,the_____(change)aregradual.单句短文改错(高考)【考点一】可数名词单复数51.(2020全国卷I)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatt

hemquicklywithchopstick.52.(2020全国卷II)Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.53.(2020全国卷III)Mymomisreallyconcerningwiththe

healthofeveryoneinourfamilies.54.(2018全国卷I)LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.55.(2018全国卷II)After

supper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.56.(2018全国卷III)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks,andmi

stakeaswell.57.(2017全国卷I)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”58.(2016全国卷III

)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.59.(2015全国卷II)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwith

hisparent.【考点二】不可数名词60.(2017全国卷II)Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.61.(2016全国卷II)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourvi

ewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.62.(2015全国卷I)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.【考点三】adj.→n.6

3.(2019全国卷I)Toeveryone'ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.64.(2016全国卷I)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuc

cessishonest.【考点四】名词所有格65.(2018全国II)WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.