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考点33阅读理解词义猜测题高考频度：★★★★★历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。《教学大纲》要求学生―读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。‖在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的―绊脚

石‖，这些―绊脚石‖的出现大致分五类：1．旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我们学过course的意思是―过程

，课程‖等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是―车道‖或―跑道‖的意思。2．合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate

，decision-thinking，imperfect等；3．―灵活‖的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4．―新鲜‖的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景

5．超纲生词。有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着―生词恐惧心理‖，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办?查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容

易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正

确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。该类题常见的考查形式有：1.Thephrase―…‖inthesentencecouldbereplacedby____.2.Theword―…‖intheparagraphre

fersto____.3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunlinedwordmean?4.Whichofthefollowingistheclos

estinmeaningtothephrase―…‖?5.Theword―…‖mostnearlymeans____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。1．构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由

熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是―先，前，预‖的含义，un是否定，able是―能……的，可……的‖，因此unforeseeable是―

未能预见到的‖意思。…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubtthe

outcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,―Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.‖…70.Theunderlinedword―outcome‖inthelastparagraphmostprob

ablymeans.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection【答案】B【解析】运用―构词法‖进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为―露出、出现、显露出‖。再根据句子的语境，

可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。2．利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由

此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。【2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ），B】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliar

ity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactof

rereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalr

egister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becaus

ereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichIt

aketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicat

ing(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔

)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.Whi

leItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimagin

ethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheo

nesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfr

iends.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.【答案】26．B【解析】26．词

义猜测题。根据最后一段中―whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)‖可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，―rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.‖意为―但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报‖，由此判断出划线词的意思是―回报‖。故选B项。3．利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比

关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为

线索的作用。【2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ），B】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.B

utsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinN

ewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandtha

tthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtop

ayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletg

ointothewild.―Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.‖saysMichaelMassimi,a

nexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-siz

edanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgr

een,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotef

ur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，‖Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-

1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.‖DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopin

ionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.30．Whatdoestheund

erlinedword―collapsed‖inparagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed.B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable.D．Crashed.【答案】30．D【解析】30．词义猜测题。根据第五段The

furtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠

受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断

出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。4．利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这

也是近年来高考考查的热点。【2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标III），B】When―RiseofthePlanetoftheApes‖wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agrou

pofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.In

stead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:―Thanksfornotusingre

alapes(猿)!‖Thecreativeteambehind―Apes‖usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmi

llionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage

(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet―Apes‖ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorga

nization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,a

numberoffilms,including―WaterforElephants,‖―TheHangoverPartⅡ‖and―Zookeeper,‖havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbee

ntreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settraining

andlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitor

edascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase―keepingtabson‖inparagraph3probablymean?A．Lis

tingcompletely.B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.D．Watchingcarefully.【答案】26．D【解析】26．词句猜测题。根据第三段划

线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱

乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawnth

eangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知

，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。【2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标II），B】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcan

remember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,I

livedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.I

twasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewpl

aceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigde

alforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentv

oices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfill

edthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgo

ingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheyc

an’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheiro

wnway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryan

nouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase―anaddedm

eaning‖inparagraph3referto?A．Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B．Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D．Acloserb

onddevelopedwiththereaders.【答案】33．B【解析】33．词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsour

ce(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个

孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代

相传”。故选B。5．利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的

方式。【2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）（第一次），C】Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowardsgreener,electricpower

,emissionsfromairtravelareexpectedtoincreasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions,weneedblueskythinkingFortunately,there's

plentyofthathappeningrightnow,particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbybatteries.HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlinein

NorthAmerica,flying30,000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslas

tlessthan30minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.―Asanairline,we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallo

urplanesintoelectricairplanes.saysCEOGregMcDougall.Tomakethishappen,theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocrea

tetheworldsfirstcommercialflightwithanelectricengine.Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomak

essoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8-12forthesamedistance,andthat'sbef

oreyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloude

nginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeind

ustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,onl

yprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequateb

atteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thi

scan'tjustbeignored.Thetransition（过渡）fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids-vehiclespowered

bybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldberedu

cedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney,especiallyontake-offandlanding.It'scertainlyanexcitingtimeforelectricflying.W

ithcompanieslikeHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-poweredplanes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewy

ears.47．Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefactthatelectricplanes___________.A．givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB

．bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC．offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD．costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalones【答案】47．C【解析】47．猜测词义题。根据下文t

hatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.可知，电动飞机没有发

动机的噪音，没有燃油的味道，只有环保的宁静等优点，因此为乘坐电动飞机的乘客提供更愉快的飞行体验。所以addedbonus指的是乘客获得的更愉快飞行体验的额外收获。故选C。6．根据语义转折猜词有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有

表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,

unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。【2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷），D】Accordingtoarecentstu

dyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontraryt

oexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswith

bigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.I

nthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan

,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalf

thecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.T

heparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthese

condtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilar

tothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextreme

lyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe―I’llhavewhatshe'shaving‖effect.Ho

wever,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersonea

tsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―beanpoles‖inpar

agraph1referto?A．Bigeaters.B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters.D．Tallthinpersons.【答案】13．D【解析】13．词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysy

oushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免

的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。7．

利用经验和常识猜词…―Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens(警笛)going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebir

dthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandb

eganpassingcarsontheshoulder.‖63.Themeaningof―panicked‖inParagraph2isrelatedto___________.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道pani

cked意思是―惊慌‖，相当于fear。题组一（2020年高考真题）Passage1【2020年浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）】Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraid

ofMrs.Callowayourlibrarian.SheranJackson’sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignsh

ungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling；Iwoulddoanythingtoread.Mymothe

rwasnotafraidofMrs.Calloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibrarycardtocheckoutbooksformyself,Shetookmeintointroduceme.―Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmypermissio

ntoreadanybookshewantsfromtheshelves,childrenoradults,‖Mothersaid.Mrs.Callowaymadeherownrulesaboutbooks.Youcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryont

hesamedayyou`dtakenitout；itmadenodifferencetoherthatyou’dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.Youcouldtakeouttwobooksata

timeandtwoonly.Sotwobytwo,IreadlibrarybooksasfastasIcouldgo,rushingthemhomeinthebasketofmybicycle.FromtheminuteIreachedou

rhouse,Istartedtoread.Iknewthiswasextremehappiness,knewitatthetime.Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.Now,Ith

inkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsomethingelse.IrememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof"LittleRedR

idingHood"withmybrother'stwodaughters.She'djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer–incharacter–"Thebettertoeatyouwith

,mydear,"andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.21．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribedMrs.Calloway?A．diet.B．Strict.C．Humorou

s.D．Considerate.22．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisfeeling"refertointhelastparagraph?A．Desiretoread.B．LoveforMrs.Calloway.C

．Interestingames.D．Fearofthelibraryrules.23．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．guidebook.B．anautobiography.C．anewsreport.D

．bookreview.Passage2（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftafte

rsevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleabou

tthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofE

mpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroye

dbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-o

ldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbek

istan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukha

rahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbya

strangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistor

icalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudg

mentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,o

revenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8．WhatmadeMrBisse

llreturntoUzbekistan?A．Hisfriends'invitation.B．Hisinterestinthecountry.C．Hisloveforteaching.D．Hisdes

iretoregainhealth.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―that‖inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsi

a.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekista

n?A．Romantic.B．Eventful.C．Pleasant.D．Dangerous.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook.B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter.D

．Torecommendatraveldestination.Passage32020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试（第一次）Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.If

you'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialp

artofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Histo

rygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaning

fulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whic

hissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryi

sanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfa

cedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallenge

soflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthi

ngs,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhate

forothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyoffe

ringusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantastic

abouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthaving

dozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.Lo

okupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,a

nddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhist

orycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoreme

aningfullives.51．Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentsta

teofournationC．thelocationofourhomelandD．thetotalareaofourcountry52．Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengeso

flife?A．Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchal

lengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.53．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara

.4?A．Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．Histor

yhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.54．WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A．CharlesDickensco

ntributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C．readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperi

od.D．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyin

gHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD．History:aWaytoBroadenHorizonsPassage42020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语

笔试（第一次）阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Irememberthedayshynesstookovermylife.Iwas14andhavingaFrenchlessonTheteachertoldustorecordou

rselvesspeakingaboutaholiday.Perfect！Irecordedmyselfwithconfidence.Then,Ipressed"play"tolistenback.All

Iheardwasalittlekidtalking.MyimmediatereactionwastoassumeIwaslisteningtosomeoneelse'srecording.Buttha

twasmyvoice.Irealisedtherewassomethingstrangeaboutme.Mylittlevoicehasmademefeelreallyshy.Andmyshynesshascaus

edmetoavoidattendingevents,notmakeimportantconnections,andkeepmyideastomyself.Asashyperson,workingfromhome,hidin

gbehindmycomputerwasbrilliant.ButthemoretimeIspenthiddenaway,themoremycomfortzoneshrank（缩小）.Everydayi

nteractions,likeorderingacoffee,becameincreasinglyawkwardanduncomfortable.Andthen,onedayIwasatabigconferenceanditsuddenlyhitmelikelig

htning.Allspeakerswereconfident,comfortablewithbeingseen.Therewerenoquietervoices.Butthetroubleis,iftheloudvoicesaretheonlyo

nesyouhear,wequietpeoplefeelevenmorealienated（疏远的）。Theworldneedsamixtureofpersonalities.Successisnotjustaboutwhocansh

outtheloudest.Theworldneedsquieterpeople,too.ThatdayIchosetostophidingandembracemyshyness.Nomorefeelingl

ikeIneededtochangewhoIaminordertosucceed.Nomorelivingasmalllife.ThenIcreatedtheShyandMightySociety,aspaceforshypeoplelikemetoshine,andintheprocess

ofhelpingothers,Icouldalsopushmyselfforward,bitbybit.Now,I'mhappytotellpeopleIfeelshy.I'mnotashamedanymore.AndIk

nowthatI’mnotalone.56．Whydidtheauthorfeelstrangeaboutherselfafterlisteningtotherecording?（nomorethan10words）57．Whatisthemainideao

fPara.2?（nomorethan10words58．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.3mean?（1word）59．Whydidtheauthorcreatethe

ShyandMightySociety?（nomorethan10words）60．SupposeyouareinchargeoftheShyandMightySociety,whatwillyoudotohelpothershypeople?Andwhy?（nomorethan20words）

题组二（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019·新课标卷II，B)―Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.‖Thiswas

anactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykidslacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworks

chedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imenti

onthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes

,I’lldoit.”I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwill

ingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbe

cominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason

.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreli

efwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufree

lygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I’mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishacttha

nI’dfreelyliketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?24.Whatcanw

einferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphl？A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.D.She'sunab

letomeetherschedule.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.A

ppealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofhe

rkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?A

.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.P

assage2(2019·北京卷，B)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13，h

ercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyi

ngthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsuga

rytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sg

oodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomere

searchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetar

ecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceeded

inmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstoge

therbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whof

inallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiastica

boutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,

withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdrivenprim

arilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Wi

thhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?A.Shearguedwit

hhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCand

y?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'

recipe.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.W

hatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethin

kingandactionresultinsuccess.D.SuccessmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfiedPassage3(2019·浙江卷，B)Moneywithnostringsa

ttached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignt

hatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.―Peopleofallages

,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,‖saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedthep

roject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensande

ventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.―WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmile

s,‖Bridgessaid.―There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridges

saidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowg

enerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.―Afterall,ever

yonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.―Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.‖24.Whatdoestheex

pression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade

.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Womentendedtobemoresocia

ble.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassis

tance.26.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D.Top

romotekindnessandsympathy.Passage4(2019·北京卷，D)Bytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgr

eenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledp

hytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvarie

sfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas，whilereducingitinothe

rspots，leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface，wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoc

eanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphy

toplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth

，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtacl

imatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmulti

plechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncoul

dbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareasw

illturngreener.―Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.‖shesaid，―butthetypeofphytoplanktonischangi

ng.‖42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightre

flectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablyme

an?A.Sensitive.B.BeneficialC.SignificantD.Unnoticeable44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarine

ecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchangesC.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalc

limateD.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.Toassessthe

consequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD

.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton题组三（2018年高考真题）Passage1(2018·新课标卷I，C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,b

utinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,t

ightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat1

0,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soon

afterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentu

ries,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommu

nicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasi

nglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildz

oneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehas

onlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themedi

annumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,80

0languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),L

ipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.W

hatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatte

rns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Po

werful.D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About

1,20031.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguage

s.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.Passage2(2018·新课标卷II，)StevenSte

inlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientis

twhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinterestingisthat

oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmp

lasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheck

outs(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bag

makersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagma

kers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.

Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalso

takenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritsli

feandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmust

beusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwants

hopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial

.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplast

icbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtopla

stic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticb

ags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrow

AwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlPassage3(2018·浙江卷，B)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmake

ssensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfallo

ffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Am

ericansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagr

owingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingt

heseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassu

me.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduc

eandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimatt

heproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout

.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebette

rfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwa

ntshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.24.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C

.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.25.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A

.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.26.What

isadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstron

gthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeit

herB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControlPassage4(2018·北京卷，D)Prepa

ringCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializinginth

erealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-driving

carsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriv

erlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountr

y.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhas

thepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whil

emuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshould

betalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thea

rrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—the

trafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,sl

owjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytake

theirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedryclea

ning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealrea

dyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecar

sworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基

础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailable

driverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswel

lasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebe

comecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehicl

esdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsa

chanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.4

7.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.pro

videbetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.

Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50

.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.题组四（名校模拟题）Passage1（2020·湖北黄州�黄冈中学高三二

模）Inordertohelpcopewiththevastnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence,ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelope

danartificiallyintelligentteachingassistant.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTech’sonlineMasterofScienceinComputerSciencepr

ogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasn’tenoughtohandlethevastnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.Manyst

udentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreach

outwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhi

ssolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.Goelandhisteamdevelopedseveralve

rsionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasn’ttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumt

ofindallthe40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillwiththequesti

onsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentandampletime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents’questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassi

stantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidn’tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwith

thevirtualassistantandcouldn’ttellitfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn’tinformthemaboutJill’strueidentityuntilApril26.Thest

udentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoel’svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveransweri

ng40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosier

forecastonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.1．Whatdowelearna

boutKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence?A．Itisarobotthatcananswerstudents’questions.B．Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.

C．Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnonline.D．Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentlearning.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―remedy‖intheparagraph2

mean?A．Boycott.B．Improve.C．Evaluate.D．Corrupt.3．WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatson?A．Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.B．Shegotalongpr

ettywellwithstudents.C．Sheturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.D．Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.4．WhatdoesProfessorGo

elplantodonextwithJillWatson?A．Assignhertoanswermoreofstudents’questions.B．Upgradeherintelligencetotheleveloft

opscientists.C．Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.D．Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.Passage2（2020·河北石家庄二

中高二月考）Ayearago,Idecidedtocreateamoreenvironmentallyfriendlykitchen,focusingonreducingthesingle-useproductssuchasplasticbagsan

dpapertowels.I’mnotgoingtosugarcoatmyexperience.Ittakescommitmentandawillingnesstochangelong-heldhabits.Increatingmykitchen,Itriedalotofdif

ferentalternativeproductsandsomeplainoldcommonsense；theresult,however,hasbeenworththeeffort.I’mrecyclingmoreandrelyinglessonsingle-usep

roductsandI’msavingmoneytoo.I’mnotkiddingwhenIsaythatIusedtoreallyloveplasticstoragebags,sothiswas,perhaps,thebiggestchallengeforme.Switchingtoreusab

lestoragebagsisafinancialinvestment,butthecosisreasonableconsideringthatIpreviouslyspentatleast$100annuallyonsingle-useplasticbagsandwrap.Iwillch

eckonlineperiodicallyforrecyclingupdates,whereazero-wasteboxforkitchenitemsisoffered,frompartysuppliestomixed-materialfoodcontainers.I’macleanfreak(怪

人)andusedtogothroughanamountofpapertowelsonadailybasis,butit’seasyenoughtotakeoldT-shirtsortowelsandcutthemuptousetowipedownsurfaces.I’malso

afanofbamboopapertowels,whichhavethelookandfeeloftraditionalpapertowels,yetaremadefromahighlyrenewablesourceandalsobreakdow

ninjust45days.Betteryet,theycanbereusedupto100times.Asforkitchensponges(海绵擦),Ikeepaneyeoutforthosemadewithn

aturalandrecyclablematerials.WhenpurchasinghouseholditemsonlinefromcompanieslikeAmazonorJet,Iwillasktohavethemshippedinasfewboxesaspossibl

eorassmallaboxaspossibleifasingleitemistobesent.I’llletthecompanyknowthattheyshouldpaymoreattentiontohowItispackagingitemsforde

livery.1．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofcreatingherkitchen?A．Tosavemoney.B．Toreducewasteandrecyclemore.C．Tochangeherlong-heldhabits.D．Tomakeit

cleanerandmorepractical.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―sugarcoat‖inparagraph2mean?A．Makeattractive.B．Getinterested.C．

Showoff.D．Giveup.3．Increatingherkitchen,whatdoestheauthordo?A．Beginstorecyclemoresingle-useplasticbags.B．Goesthroughanamoun

tofpapertowelsonadailybasis.C．Checksonlineperiodicallytobuyzero-wastebox.D．Choosestousetherecyclableorreusable

kitchenitems.4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Shehasstrongenvironmentalawareness.B．Sheisusedtotraditionalpapertowels.C．Sh

ehasagoodknowledgeoffinancialinvestment.D．Shepreferstohaveherpurchasespackedinsmallboxes.Passage3（2019·河南高考模拟）Whenyouwere

atschool,thelastthingyouprobablywantedtodowasspendyourweekendsgoingtowork.Therewashomeworktodo,sporttop

layandfuntohave.Butourparentsprobablypersuadedustofindajobtoearnsomemoneyandgetsomelifeexperience.Whe

nIwasateenagerIhadapaperround:deliveringnewspaperstopeople'shomes.IthenprogressedtoaSaturdayjobinasup

ermarket:stackingshelvesandworkingatthecheckout.TodayintheUKyouareallowedtoworkfromtheageof13,andmanychildrendot

akeuppart-timejobs.It'soneofthosethingsthatareseenalmostasariteofpassage(成人仪式).It'satasteofindependenceandsometimesausefulthingtoputony

ourCV(简历).Teenagersagreethatitteachesvaluablelessonsaboutworkingwithadultsandalsoaboutmanagingtheirmoney.

SomeresearchhasshownthatnottakingupaSaturdayorholidayjobcouldbedeleterioustoapersonlateron.A2015studybytheUKCommissiononEmp

loymentandSkillsfoundthatnotparticipatinginpart-timeworkatschoolagehadbeenblamedbyemployer'sorganizationsforyoungadultsbeingill-

preparedforfull-timeemployment,butdespitethis,recentstatisticshaveshownthatthenumberofschoolchildrenintheUKwithapart-ti

mejobhasfallenbyafifthinthepastfiveyears.So,doesthismeanthatBritishteenagersarenowafraidofhardwork?Probablynot.Someexpertsfeelthatyou

ngpeoplefeelgoingouttoworkwillaffecttheirperformanceatschool,andtheyareundermorepressurenowtostudyhardandgetgoodexamresults-andagood

jobinthelongterm.However,GeoffBarton,generalsecretaryoftheAssociationofSchoolandCollegeLeaders,toldBBCNewst

hat"Properlyregulated（控制的）part-timeworkisagoodwayofhelpingyoungpeoplelearnskillsthattheywillneedintheirworkinglives."Inreal

ity,it'sallaboutgettingtherightbalancebetweendoingpart-timeworkandhavingenoughtimetostudyandrest.1．Howdidt

heauthorfeelaboutdoingpart-timejobsonweekendswhenhewasateenager?A．Unwilling.B．Interested.C．Delighted.D．Angry.2．W

hichofthefollowingmayNOTbethebenefitofschoolchildren'sdoingpart-timejobs?A．Learningtobeindependent.B．Gainingsomelifeexperience.C．Beingpreparedforfut

urejobs.D．Spendingwhattheyearnastheylike.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deleterious"inParagraph3probablymean?A．valuable.B．harmf

ul.C．necessary.D．beneficial.4．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Studentsshouldspendalltheirtimeonstudies.B．Studentsshouldhaveasmanypart-timejobs

aspossible.C．Doingpart-timejobsmustaffectstudents'schoolresults.D．It'simportantforstudentstobalancepart-timejobsandstudies.Passage4（2020

·江苏省梅村高级中学高三开学考试）Regretsareoftenpainful.Astudysuggeststhatsomepeoplecanovercomethem,saidJiaWeiZhang,apsychologygraduateattheUniversityofCalifornia.Bu

tthisisn’tthecaseforeveryone,hesaid.Theresearcherswonderedwhysomepeoplereportfeelingimprovementfromregretsbutothersdo

n’t.Doesitlieinhowpeopleapproachtheirregrets?Inthestudy,theresearchersfocusedonself-compassion(自我同情)asapote

ntialfactorinwhysomepeoplehaveaneasierlimeleavingtheirregretsbehindthem.400peopleattendedanexperiment.First,theywereaskedtowritea

bouttheirbiggestregret.Halfwrotesomethingtheydidbutwishtheyhadn’tdone;theotherhalfwrotesomethingtheydidn’tdobutwishtheyh

ad.Then,theparticipantswererandomlyassignedtooneofthreegroups:selfcompassion,self-esteemandacontrolgroup.Theself-est

eemgroupwasaskedtorespondby―talkingtoyourselfaboutthisregretfromtheaspectofconfirmingyourpositivequalities‖.Thecontro

lgroupwasaskedtowriteabouttheirfavoritehobbyratherthantheirregret.Then,theywereaskedabouttheirfeelingsofforgiveness,acceptanceandperson

alimprovementfollowingtheexercise.Theyfoundthattheself-compassiongroupreportedgreaterfeelingsofacceptance,fo

rgivenessandpersonalimprovement,comparedwiththecontrolgroupandtheselfesteemgroup.Inotherwords,focusingonyourbestqualitiesisnotwhathelpsyoufeelbett

eraboutaregret.Rather,beingcompassionatetowardyourselfiswhatmaymakeadifference,theresearchersfound.It’spossiblethatpeoplewhopracticeself-compas

sionareabletoconfronttheirregretsandseewhatwentwrong,sotheycanmakeabetterchoiceinthefuture,ZhangtoldL

iveScience.Self-compassionpushespeopletoaccepttheirregretinsteadofrunningawayfromit.Theresearchersusedanexampleofthisfromapreviousstudyonbreastcancer

patientswhowereaskedtotrythinkingabouttheirtreatmentinapositivelightbeforeitbegan.Thewomenwhodidsoreportedgreaterfeelingsof

personalgrowthlateron.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―confront‖inParagraph7mean?A．HandleB．Forget.C．IgnoreD．Show

.2．Whatwerethestudentsintheself-esteemgroupaskedtodo?A．Thinkofawayout.B．Writeabouttheirregrets.C．Recordtheirfavoritehobbies.D．Treattheirreg

retsinpositiveways.3．Whyweretheparticipantsaskedabouttheirgoodqualities?A．Tocoveruptheirregrets.B．Toseeiftheyhaveweaknesses.C．Toseeiftheyha

veselfcompassion.D．Tohelpthemfeelbetterabouttheirregrets.4．Whatwastheaimofmentioningtheresearchers’studyonbreastcancerpatients

?A．Toshowthemethodoftheresearch.B．Toshowthevalueoftheacceptance.C．Toshowthetruthofpeople’sfeeling.D．Toshowthedifficultyoftheresear

ch.题组一Passage1【2020年浙江省高考英语试卷（1月）】【答案】21．B22．A23．B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望

。21．推理判断题。根据第一段中Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Callowayourlibrarian.（我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理

员卡洛维夫人）以及SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyou

rclothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着―肃静‖。如果她认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知Mrs.Calloway很严格。故选B。22．词义猜测题。根据下文Now,Ithinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsometh

ingelse.（现在，我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书和作者是一样的。故划线短语意思为―渴望读书‖。故选A。23．推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱

阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。【点睛】文章出处类推理判断题。做这类题重要的是要抓住文章的内容或结构特征，这是推理判断的前提和基础。如报纸，前面会出现日期、地点、通讯社名称等；广告，

其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明、器皿设备的使用说明有产品名称或操作方法，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数和药量等。如第三小题，结合文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作

者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。可知文章可能来自于自传。故选B。Passage2（2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷））【答案】8．B9．D10．B11．A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了

Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。8．细节理解题。根据第一段的‖Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturne

dtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea‖可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bisse

ll先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。9．词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句‖Afewyearslater,still

attractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)‖可

知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第三段‖ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwar

mth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahege

tsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakst

an,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.‖可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇

观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他

经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生

活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。Passage32020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试（第一次）【答案】51．B52．A53．D54．D55．B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提

出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。51．猜测词义题。根据上句learningthehistoryofourhom

ecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学

历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。52．细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeop

leregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengeso

flife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。53．推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures和Histor

yhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个

相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。54．推理判断题。根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustolearnmore:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读OliverTwist的

例子,通过OliverTwist我们能去了解作者CharlesDickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。5

5．主旨大意题。根据第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣

题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文内容。故选B。Passage42020年普通高等学校

招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试（第一次）【答案】56．Becausehervoicewasdifferentfromwhatshehadexpected.Or:Becauseallsheheardwasalittlekidtalkin

g.Or:Becauseofherlittlevoice.57．Hershynesshada/an（bad）influence/effect/impactonher（life）Or:Hershynessk

eptherhiddenaway.Or:Hershynesskeptherawayfromotherpeople.58．Accept.Or:Welcome.59．Tohelpshypeople（toshine）andpush

herselfforward.Or:Tohelpothershypeopleandherself.60．Iwillorganizeaspeechcontestsothattheycanwalkoutoftheirco

mfortzoneandbecomemoreconfident.Or:Iwillsharemyexperiencewiththem,tellingthemhowIhandlemyshyness.Or:Iwillencouragethemtotakepartinvariousactiviti

estoimprovetheirsocialskills.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了ShyandMightySociety，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。56．细节理解题。根据第一段―I

pressed"play"tolistenback.AllIheardwasalittlekidtalking.MyimmediatereactionwastoassumeIwaslisteningtosomeo

neelse'srecording.Butthatwasmyvoice.Irealisedtherewassomethingstrangeaboutme.‖可知，作者录完音后，按下―播放‖键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作者的第

一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Becausehervoicewasdifferentfromwhatshehadexpected.Or:Becausea

llsheheardwasalittlekidtalking.Or:Becauseofherlittlevoice.57．段落大意题。根据第二段―Mylittlevoicehasmademefeelreall

yshy.Andmyshynesshascausedmetoavoidattendingevents,notmakeimportantconnections,andkeepmyideastomyself.Asashyperson,workingfromhome,hidingb

ehindmycomputerwasbrilliant.ButthemoretimeIspenthiddenaway,themoremycomfortzoneshrank（缩小）.‖可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞

使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：Hershynesshada/an（bad）influence/effect/impactonher（life）.Or:Hershynesskepther

hiddenaway.Or:Hershynesskeptherawayfromotherpeople.58．词义猜测题。上句提到―Theworldneedsamixtureofpersonalities.Successisnotjustabout

whocanshouttheloudest.Theworldneedsquieterpeople,too.‖表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据―ThatdayIchosetostophi

ding‖可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是―拥抱‖，此处指―接受，迎接‖，故答案为：Accept.Or:Welcome.59．细节理解题。根据最后一段―ThenIcreatedtheShyandM

ightySociety,aspaceforshypeoplelikemetoshine,andintheprocessofhelpingothers,Icouldalsopushmyselfforward,‖可知作者创建

ShyandMightySociety是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故答案为：Tohelpshypeople（toshine）andpushherselfforward.Or:Tohelpothershype

opleandherself.60．推理判断题。作者创建ShyandMightySociety是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I

willorganizeaspeechcontestsothattheycanwalkoutoftheircomfortzoneandbecomemoreconfident.Or:Iwillsharemyexperi

encewiththem,tellingthemhowIhandlemyshyness.题组二Passage1【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。24.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Y

oucanusemeasalastresort（选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers，thenIwilldoit.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她不想做自愿者。故选C。25.B【解析】词义猜测题

。根据划线前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句话ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutth

edadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及thesameparentendsup

becominganinvaluablememberoftheteam可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。27.B【解析】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四最

两句Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunte

eringjustfeelssogood.可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。Passage2【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了AliceMoore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故

事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。34.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan’tImakeahealthycand

ythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路。故选B。35.A【解析

】细节理解题。根据第三段的Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.可知，因此，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细

菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。36.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.可知，Moor想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B

。37.C【解析】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观的看待问题，积极的想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。Passage3【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道

。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。24.C【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“ButatUni

onStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站

，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。25.B【解

析】推理判断题。由第二段““Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbo

x,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿

着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。26.D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Whiletheclipmightlooklik

epartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现

出慷慨和同情。所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。Passage4【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射

的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。42.B【解析】段落大意题。第一段“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soce

answillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“Attheheartphenome

nonlietinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Becaustofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktonscreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceans

urface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋

的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。43.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsofthe

oceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunshineandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征

，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swamningtrend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。44.D【解析】推理判

断题。根据第四段“Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomew

aters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener”,可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植

物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了”。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。45.C【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的

主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽

快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteri

sticsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,„”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。题组三Passage1【文章

大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small

,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000la

nguagesbetweenthem.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言

种类很多。故选B。29.C【解析】猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知

，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800

languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。31.C【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshave

beencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。Passage2【文

章大意】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasti

cshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassu

me.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。25.A【解析】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了

证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bansonplasticbags，故选A。26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段However,longer-l

astingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。27.A【解析】标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源

，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。Passage3【文章大意】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问

题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段oneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.

和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasm

ostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。25.A【解析】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenSt

ein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bansonplasticbags，故选A。26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段How

ever,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。27.A【解析】标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输

需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。Passage4【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的

问题。47.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalki

ngabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.可知，政策

制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。48.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnol

ogyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.可知，不管花多长时间

，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.可

知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。49.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscars

willalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabili

tyandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是―被应用‖的意思。A.Employed被应用；B.Replaced被取代；C.Shared被分享；D.Reduced被减少。故选A

。50.B【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeopl

e,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.中的advancement，movemorepeople,andmoreaf

fordably.以及planforit可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。题组四Passage1【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．A【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了戈尔教授为解决在线课程学生答疑的需求，开发了人工智能教学答疑助

理，取得了很好的效果。1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Inordertohelpcopewiththevastnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntel

ligence.”可知“知识型（基于知识）的人工智能”是一门在线课程，而不是机器人、高科技设备亦或是计算机程序。本题的易错点在于，学生容易将局部内容与全文主体内容混淆导致错选，这位教授专攻人工智能，开设相关课程

，还自己开发人工智能教学助理，题干中的名称对应的是课程名，切勿被绕进去，故本题选C。2．词义猜测题。根据第二段中，该词所在句子的上文“Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthela

ckofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginsto

fade.”可知，很多学生因缺乏相应的教学支持而从线上课程掉队或退课，当他们感觉疑惑又孤立无援，问题得不到解答时，继续学下去的动力便会开始减退，这是一种负面的情形。而本句中提到教授要做些什么来这一情形（decidedtodosomethingtoremedythissitua

tion），可猜测remedy有扭转、改变、改善之类的含义，A.Boycott联合抵制，拒绝参加；B.Improve改善，提高，改进，变得更好；C.Evaluate评价，评估；D.Corrupt使腐烂、堕落、恶化，综上故选B。3．推理判断题。JillWatson是虚拟教学助理的名字，根

据原文倒数第二段“Jillwasabletoanswerthestudents’questionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandr

ealisticthatthestudentsdidn’tknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassistantandcouldn’

ttellitfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidn’tinformthemaboutJill’strueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.”可知，这个人工智能助理

极其逼真，连学习人工智能的学生都没法把它和真正的人区分开来，它能正确解答当时学生提出的问题中的97%，学生体验都很好，所以说这是一个巨大的成功，故本题选C。4．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“ThegoalofProf

essorGoel’svirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum

.”可知，教授的下一步目标是让它能解答学生所有问题中的40%，也就是让它更进一步，能解答更多问题，故选A。Passage2【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者为了减少一次性产品的使用，而建了一个环保厨房，并且改

变了自己很多生活习惯，使用更环保的产品。1．细节理解题。从文中“Ayearago,Idecidedtocreateamoreenvironmentallyfriendlykitchen,focusingonreducingthesingle

-useproductssuchasplasticbagsandpapertowels.”一年前，作者想要建一个环保的厨房，这样就可减少使用像塑料袋和纸巾这样的一次性产品。由此可知，作者创建厨房的主要目的是减少浪费和更多的循环利用。故选B项。2．词义猜测

题。从文中“Ittakescommitmentandawillingnesstochangelong-heldhabits.”可知，作者建环保厨房，改变一个长期的生活习惯是他自己承诺和心甘情愿地，而并不是让自己的经历变得更有吸引力。所以sugarcoat是使„„有吸引力的意思。故选A项

。3．细节理解题。从文中“Itriedalotofdifferentalternativeproductsandsomeplainoldcommonsense；theresult,however,hasbeenworththeeffort.I’mrecyclingmorean

drelyinglessonsingle-useproductsandI’msavingmoneytoo.”可知，在这个厨房里，作者试着使用许多替换产品和一些普通旧的东西，最终他重复使用的次数变多了，而且对一

次性产品的依赖越来越少，同时也节省了钱。结合选项，在创建她的厨房时，作者选择了可循环利用或可多次使用的厨房用品，故选D项。4．推理判断题。从文中“I’macleanfreakandusedtogothroughanamountofpa

pertowelsonadailybasis,butit’seasyenoughtotakeoldT-shirtsortowelsandcutthemuptousetowipedownsurfaces.”可知，作者曾经习惯每天使用一定数量的纸巾，但

是现在作者用旧衣服或者毛巾，而B项是说作者现在习惯使用传统的纸巾，与文章不符合，排除B项；从文中“Switchingtoreusablestoragebagsisafinancialinvestment,butthecosisreasona

bleconsideringthatIpreviouslyspentatleast$100annuallyonsingle-useplasticbagsandwrap.Iwillcheckonlineperiodicallyforrecyclingupdates”可知，作者

认为改用可重复使用的打包袋来说，虽然也是一种金融投资，但相比之前，至少花100美金来买一次性的塑料袋和包装来说，其成本也比较合理，可见作者并没有很通晓金融投资，故C项错误；从文中“Whenpurchasinghouseholditemsonlinefr

omcompanieslikeAmazonorJet,Iwillasktohavethemshippedinasfewboxesaspossibleorassmallaboxaspossibleifasingleitemistobesent.”可知，作者在网

上购物时，会让卖家尽可能用最少的盒子或者最小的盒子来包装他买的东西，作者是根据自己所买东西来确定使用包装盒子的数量和大小，而并不是他偏爱用小盒子包装他的东西，显然D项与原文不符，故D项被排除；而从文中第一段“Ayearago,Idecidedtocreateamoreenvi

ronmentallyfriendlykitchen,focusingonreducingthesingle-useproductssuchasplasticbagsandpapertowels.”可知作者为了减少一次性产品的使用，而建了一

个环保的厨房，所以从文中我们可知作者是一个环保意很强的人，故选A项。Passage3【答案】1．A2．D3．B4．D【解析】本文为议论文。研究和调查表明，适当的兼职会让学生们学会独立、获取阅历、为将来工作做好准备

，同时还要在做兼职和有足够的时间学习和休息之间取得平衡。1．推理判断题。依据第一段Whenyouwereatschool,thelastthingyouprobablywantedtodowasspendyourweekendsgoingtowork.可知作者认为当

你在学校的时候，你可能最不想做的事情就是周末去上班。故作者的态度是不情愿的，选A。2．细节理解题。依据第二段It’satasteofindependenceandsometimesausefulthingtoput

onyourCV.…itteachesvaluablelessonsaboutworkingwithadultsandalsoaboutmanagingtheirmoney.第三段notparticipatinginpart-timewor

k...ill-preparedforfull-timeemployment.可知兼职会让学生们学会独立、获取阅历、为将来工作做好准备。故选D。3．词义猜测题。依据划线词后调研内容A2015study...foundthat...可知，该研究表明，雇主们一直将

年轻人对全职工作准备不足归咎于他们在上学时没有参加兼职工作。故学生不参加兼职工作可能对以后的生活有害，选B符合题意。4．推理判断题。依据最后一段Inreality,it’sallaboutgettingtherightbalancebet

weendoingpart-timeworkandhavingenoughtimetostudyandrest.可知，在做兼职和有足够的时间学习和休息之间取得平衡是非常重要的。故选D。Passage4【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．B【解析】本文一篇科普说明类文章。研究发现，自我同情有助于人

们更好地处理自己“后悔”这种感受。1．词义猜测题。文章第二段最后一句Doesitlieinhowpeopleapproachtheirregrets?提出问题：原因在于人们如何处理他们的后悔吗？下文通过实验回答了这个问题。故第七段中的It’spossiblethatpeop

lewhopracticeself-compassionareabletoconfronttheirregretsandseewhatwentwrong意思应为―练习自我同情的人们能够处理他们的后悔，看到什么地

方出现了问题‖。故划线单词意思应和approach一致，意为―处理‖，故A选项正确。2．细节理解题。由第四段的Theself-esteemgroupwasaskedtorespondby―talkingtoyour

selfaboutthisregretfromtheaspectofconfirmingyourpositivequalities‖可知，该组人被要求从肯定自己好的品质这个角度来和自己谈一谈自己的后悔。由此可知，他

们被要求用积极的态度来对待自己后悔的事。故D选项正确。3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Inotherwords,focusingonyourbestqualitiesisnotwhathelpsyoufeelbetteraboutaregret.Rather,b

eingcompassionatetowardyourselfiswhatmaymakeadifference,theresearchersfound可知，该研究最终发现，专注于你的好品质并不能帮助你感觉更好。相反

的，自我同情才可以发挥作用，使你感觉更好。由此可以推知，在试验中，参与者被要求关注自己的好品质，其目的是想使他们感觉好点。D选项正确。4．推理判断题。由最后一段可知，这些乳癌患者被要求在治疗开始之前就从积极的角度来考虑治疗。这样做的病人后来的确报告感觉好多了。由此可以推知

，当你在心理上接受某种事物时，你对它的感觉确实要好很多，更容易接受它。这体现了接受的作用。故B选项正确。