【文档说明】高考英语二轮复习考点练习考点31阅读理解推理判断题 (含解析).doc，共(44)页，202.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-74933.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

考点31阅读理解推理判断题高考频度：★★★★★题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，

运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意

思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词

汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparag

raphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.T

helastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsoci

alproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikel

ybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor‟sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?

这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章

提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有

的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，

进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行

推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。推理判断题常见有以下形式：1．细节推断题要

求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅠB）Returningtoabookyou‟ve

readmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There‟sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andt

hustherelationship.Butbooksdon‟tchange,peopledo.Andthat‟swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebe

autyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It‟strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwi

threading,it‟sallaboutthepresent.It‟saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakeb

etweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingever

yspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicatin

g(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)ab

outeverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.W

hileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedw

onderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor‟sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheones

thatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it‟syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereadin

g?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafrie

nd.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C

．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’sane

ditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B27．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读

的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadings

orichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.

Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅

读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”

可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveT

wilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。2．因果推断题要求考生

根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅡC）W

henyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecolog

istsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcase

dnutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaar

edestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5ata

il.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosy

stemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertint

hisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Biologi

stEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit‟snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,b

uthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton‟sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuran

ditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethr

owingpaintonthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheop

inionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28．Whatis

thepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointr

oduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendan

geredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.31．WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordi

ngtoMorgan?A．It’sformal.B．It’srisky.C．It’sharmful.D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A31．B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海

狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28．推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansa

ndBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderst

andthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮

制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists

inLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们

担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintont

hem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故

选B。3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己

的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。2020年全国统一高

考英语试卷（新课标ⅠC）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.It

does,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympi

csisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport‟srulesrequirethataracewalker‟skneesstaystraightth

roughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivit

y,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunnin

g,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourw

ouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,0

00ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtohe

rresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,crea

teonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunni

ng,suchasrunner‟sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport‟sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewit

hahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldproba

blyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.31．Whichwordbestdescribestheaut

hor’sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Tolerant.D．Conservative.【答案】31．B【解析】31．推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbe

nefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞

走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅢC）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordt

oleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismoth

er-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyall

movedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetheru

nderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor

.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit‟sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-

in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It‟sh

ardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhou

seholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Some

peoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewit

htheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughtt

obeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband‟sfamilywhentheygetmarried.29．WhatisNick‟sattitudet

owardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A．Positive.B．Carefree.C．Tolerant.D．Unwilling.【答案】29．A29．推理

判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都

很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。4．篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不

同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyoua

rehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsing

ingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.…1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds‟singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhuman

beings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds‟dailylife.D.Bytellingabird‟sstory.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行

对比。5．文章结论推断题由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷B）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmo

nths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowri

teanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhost

sofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryin

gupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolo

rfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlines

sandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolic

emethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan

,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandcu

lturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedly

American,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis

,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtrip

inUzbekistan?A．Romantic.B．Eventful.C．Pleasant.D．Dangerous.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceab

ook.B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter.D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】10．B11．A【解析】10．推理判断题。根据第三段”Thisisaquicklookatli

feinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswa

ytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)fol

lowedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，M

rBissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。

在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他

写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次)HowtoUseaModernPublicLibr

aryHasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavech

angedforthebetter.It‟sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaces

whereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,

you‟llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou‟relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librari

essharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou‟verequestedisdeliveredto

thenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,l

oadedwithinformationinmanyformats(载体形式).YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelib

rariesevenloanouttoysandgames.Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn‟tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinteresti

sshown.Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroup

s.Perhapsyou‟dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askab

outspecialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeabletoaccommodateyou.Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTime

whileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown,you

rlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabusiness.Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithloc

allysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersofcommerce(商会)andgovernmentagencies,and

theywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.40.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.B.Toencouragepeop

letoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.【答案】40.C【解析】40.推理判断题。根

据文章标题HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中的“youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.Theyhavetransforme

dthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变

得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）”。再结合几个小标题：Checkoutabook（借一本书）；Checkoutotheritems（借其他物品）；Joi

ntargetedreadinggroups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给

人们提供什么服务。故选C。题组一（2020年高考真题）Passage1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）C)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.I

wasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwen

ttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16

yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibr

arytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.

Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialway

sread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenand

itfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibraryliveso

nformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I‟vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheyca

n‟taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libr

aries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.

Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor‟srelationship

withbooksasachild?A．Cooperative.B．Uneasy.C．Inseparable.D．Casual.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A．Pl

easurefromworkinginthelibrary.B．Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D．Acloserbonddev

elopedwiththereaders.34．Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A．Sponsorbookfairs.B．Writeforsocialmedia.C．Suppo

rtlibraries.D．Purchasehernovels.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB．MyIdeaaboutwrit

ingC．Library:AHavenfortheYoungD．MyLoveoftheLibraryPassage2(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)JourneyBackinTime

withScholarsClassicalProvence(13days)JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，France，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisit

someofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.Field

sofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain(15days)Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent(芳香)oforanges，

butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertoh

istoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.China‟sSacredLandscapes(21days)Discove

rtheChinaof“pastages,”itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.Highlights(精彩之处)includeChin

a‟smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou‟srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.Wewillwanderintraditional

smalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.Tunisia(17days)JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisianto

ur.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareas

aroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.21．Whatca

nvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？A．Historicalmonuments.B．Fieldsofflowers.C．VanGogh‟spaintings.D．Greekbuildings.22．Which

countryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？A．France.B．Spain.C．China.D．Tunisia.23．WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTuni

siantour？A．Whitetowns.B．Undergroundcities.C．Tile-roofedvillages.D．Rollinghills.Passage3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷D）（第一次）)Studyingasu

bjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimpo

rtant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyou

thinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhome

countrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.M

anypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide

.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepe

oplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancest

ors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）int

owhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fea

randhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentia

ltobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.

what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofq

uestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyou

mightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itca

ngoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobe

tterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.51．Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"in

Para.2probablymeans__________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentstateofournationC．thelocationofourhomelandD．t

hetotalareaofourcountry52．Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A．T

heproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchallengesoflifewere

predictedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.53．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A．Itisdifficulttogetridofc

ulturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．Historyhelpsusimproveourcros

s-culturalawareness.54．WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A．CharlesDickens

contributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C．readingnovelsisawaytolear

naboutahistoricalperiod.D．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBuild

CulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD．History:aWaytoBroadenHorizonsPassage4(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次))“T

heytellmethatyou‟dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthe

nervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.“Yes,sir

,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn‟thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadm

irablemanner.“PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-they‟vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI‟mafraidthere‟snotmuchhope.Wha

tdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse-Ishouldn‟thaveasked.Afu

ll-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.“Vinnie‟sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelooke

dlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWis

consin.I‟vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident‟seyes

,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn‟tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbear

dwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,”hesighed,“I‟dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforascu

lpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftb

utconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheproj

ectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie‟shandwarmly,“I‟veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,and

Ihavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.”Theverynextda

y,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.41.WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln?A.Heraggressi

vepersonality.B.Mr.Mills‟sencouragingremark.C.PresidentLincoln‟sgentlevoice.D.Herinterestinachallengingjob

.42.HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie‟srequest?A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.43.Vinnieconfirmedherabilityt

omakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlighting______.A.herexperiencefromotherprojectsB.herinnocentchildhoodinthecount

ryC.theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD.theskillshepickedupinWisconsin44.Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto_

_____.A.achieveeffectsofnaturallightingB.keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC.observethePresidentatarightangleD.avoiddisturb

ingthepresident‟swork45.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.

Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.题组二（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019·江苏卷，D)The65-year-oldSteveG

oodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer‟s(阿尔楚海默症).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicia

ninhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehis

music,towhichshefellasleepcatchnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi,Melissa‟sbestfriend

andatalentedpianist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis?”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares.”Melissasa

id.Stevenodded,tearsineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe‟dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremb

lingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano,Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressedon,play

ingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful."Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Them

usicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwasbiddeninroomswithdoors

abouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He‟dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,

andthenshe‟dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedb

ysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcodelines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steve

heardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn‟tplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecould

writeonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.Naomihea

rdmultiplestopsandstarts,Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angr

yandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve‟sfavorite,andmostpersonal

songs.WithNaomi‟shelp,theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve‟ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn‟t.Inthemon

thsleadinguptothe2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:“MelancholyFlower”Shetoldthedirectora

boutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve‟spermission.Heconside

reditanhonor.Aftertheconcert,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve‟smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.Thefamilyrente

daformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen,Stevewas

havingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.S

tevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.65.Wh

ydidMelissawanttosaveherfather‟smusic?A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C.Hismusicdeservedtobeprese

rvedinthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.66.AfterhearingSteve‟splaying,Naomi________.A.refusedtomakea

commentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC.decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend67.H

owcantheprocessofSteve‟srecordingbedescribed?A.Itwasslowbutproductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C.Itwas

tiresomeforNaomi.D.ItwasvitalforNaomi‟scareer.68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower,"hiswifeJoni_______.A.thoughtt

hemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB.didn‟texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC.didn‟tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband‟smusicD.broughtherhusband‟s

musiccareertoperfection69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland？A.Hefeltconcernedabouthis

illness.B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheK

indnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusicC.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDeterminationPassage2(2019·浙江卷，A)ZachariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmi

litary(军队的)medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontheInternet.Butunlikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals‟right

fulowners,andreturnsthem.HisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,fo

undinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart-heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhath

ehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,ZactrackeddownCorrado‟ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfl

oodedhimwithquestions:"Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？"However,whenshehungup,sheregrettedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized

.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y."Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,"Zacsays."Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme."ThePiccolisgrewupthechild

renofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheArmyduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.Beforehea

ringfromZac,Adelinehadn‟trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilitarymedals,theoneZac‟smotherhadfoundwasa

familytreasure."Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialoccasions(场合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,"Adel

inesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“ButasIgrewolder,”Adelinesays,"andmissedmybrothermor

eandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft."CorradoPiccoli‟sPurpleHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivic

AssociationinWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.SincehefirstreunitedCorrado‟smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5

for5.21.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself？A.Inthearmy.B.Inanantiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.22.WhatdidZacrealizewhenA

delinedrovetomeethim？A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.23.What

madeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents‟advice.B.Herknowledgeofantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofh

erbrother.Passage3(2019·全国II卷，C)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsf

orhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeaten

aloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.O

nlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，y

ouknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，

butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingheronth

eshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，Andrew

Mazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'

sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“I

t'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Th

erewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyat

thetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemerit，whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthere

port.28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.29

.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesometimeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.30.Wha

tdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He‟sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D.He‟sfamiliarwithth

ebarkeeper.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.The

stressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Passage4(2018·天津卷，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisa

dultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.D

rivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.

ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitali

tyandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambe

foretheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingabo

utpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progres

sivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.

Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationa

ndskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearene

vergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportant

itistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethe

rtolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate（视„„等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.B

utdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore

-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervante

stoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC.miseryinspiresamant

ofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone'sstruggl

eforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Oppo

rtunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinPa

ragraph5？A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystode

alwithlife.55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofsh

oulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexce

llenceinourlifelongcareer.题组二（2018年高考真题）Passage1(2018·新课标卷II，C)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordi

ngtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatread

ingremainsabigpartofmanychildren‟slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport‟skeyfindings

,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey„hardlyever‟readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespe

ctivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinre

adingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechno

logyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatma

nyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereport

showsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,compar

edtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimef

orthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheiro

wnsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyab

out?A.Children‟sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren‟sbooks.C.Children‟safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.29.Wherec

anyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagrap

h5.30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren‟shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive

.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Set

upreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.Passage2(2018·天津卷，D)Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthe

windblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you‟llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestio

ns.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild‟sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveus

allanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),new

ideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirs

tstepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.On

echillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstrea

m.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepw

hentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey‟dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofu

shavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff.

Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounter

edmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredt

othemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat‟saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey‟dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations

.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensatio

ns.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.51.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore_____________.

A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers‟feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundth

em52.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher‟sadvice.D.Toadmitmist

akeshonestly.53.Thebirdwatchers‟behaviorshowsthatthey____________.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.care

onlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundi

ngsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn‟tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.The

forestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould__________.A

.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnaturePassage3(2

018·浙江卷，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofft

heassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfiftee

nmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,the

billboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforward

athighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endingintersta

tehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarin

everygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-base

dsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownb

y22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAme

ricanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokee

pAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoing

tobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellin

gbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.Topraisetheeffectiveness

ofAmerica’sroadsystem.29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D

.Afarm-basedsociety.30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant

.题组四（名校模拟题）Passage1（2020·襄阳市第一中学高三月考）IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,there

wouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUni

tedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.B

utthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.Inmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachad

eeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuni

versities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.Theseschoolsteachbo

thChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学).SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWest

ernersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUn

itedStates，atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedState

s.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker'sideasa

restillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChinesec

ulturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.1．Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto__

______.A．providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB．attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC．showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD．provethepopul

arityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations2．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents________.A．haveagreatinterestinstudyi

ngChineseB．takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC．trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD．fightforachancetolea

rnChinese3．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ForgottenWisdominAmericaB．HugeFansoftheChineseLanguageC．ChineseCult

ureforWesternersD．OldThinkerwithaBigFuture4．Thepassageislikelytoappearin________.A．abiographyB．ahistorypaperC．anewspaperD．aphilosophytextbookPas

sage2（2020·湖南高三二模）It‟s13:30and28-year-oldMartenPella'ssmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit‟stimeforustostopworkingaroundhislivingroomt

ableandinsteadstartourworkoutroutinetogether.Acartooncharacterwearingbrightredshortsonvideobeginsinstru

ctingustodostar-jumpsandsit-upsaroundhisapartment.Pella,aresearchassistantatStockholmUniversity,ispartoftheHofficemovement,whichinvitesw

orkers-freelancers（自由职业者）orfull-timeemployeeswhocandotheirjobsremotely—toworkateachother‟shomestoincreaseprodu

ctivityandenjoyanactivesociallife.ThoseattendingHofficeeventsadvertisedonFacebookaretypicallyaskedtoworksilentlyin45-minuteblocks,beforetakingshor

tbreakstogethertoexercise,orsimplychattingoveracoffee.Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegro

upuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.“OftenwhenIamalone,Ica

nworkfocusedforacoupleofhoursbutthenI‟measilydistracted（分心）.Thehelpofothersmakesmesomuchmoredisciplined.”saysPella,whoat

tendsHofficeeventsasbothaguestandahost.Lunchesmeannetworkingandconnectingwithnewcontacts.“Peopleareco

mingfromreallydifferentareasandhavedifferentprofessionssotherecanbereallyinterestingdiscussions,”hes

ays.TheHofficemovementhasgrownquicklysinceitwasfoundedin2014bySwedishpsychologistChristoferFranzen,now37.Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebe

nefitsofcollective（集体的）intelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.“Iwant

edtotestmorestructuredhomeco-workingwithfriendsinsimilarsituations,”hesays.Franzensaysthatholdingeventsinhousesanda

partmentscreatesauniqueatmosphere,becausethere‟sasenseofcommunityanddesiretocontribute.He‟slookingforwaystoexpand

thesocialvalueofHoffice,bymatchingupmemberswithrelevantskillstoshareandevenencouragingjobseekerstojoinitsgatherings.1．WhereisPel

lawhenhissmartphonestartspinging?A．Inhisownhome.B．Inhisoffice.C．Inanotherperson‟shome.D．AtStockholmUniversity.2．Whatdopeopleattending

Hofficeeventsdofirstwhentheymeet?A．Watchanexercisevideo.B．Worksilentlyfor45minutes.C．Telleachothertheirdailyplans.D．Reportwhattheyh

aveachieved.3．WhatdoesFranzenreallymeanbysaying“friendsinsimilarsituations”?A．Theyusuallyworkalone.B．Theyoftengivelectures.C．Theystudycollectiv

eintelligence.D．Theyhavetoworkatakitchentable.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SharingComfortableWorkplacesB．ANewWaytoMakeNewFr

iendsC．BenefitsofCollectiveIntelligenceD．WorkingfromOthers‟HomesPassage3（2020·四川省南充高级中学高三月考）Asharkmovin

garoundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanM

arine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDu

baiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels

.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter)，itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatte

rylifeof16hours.By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember

2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat."WasteSharkalsohastheabi

litiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil，andheavymetals，andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines

，"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuse

slaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches.""Ourdronesaredes

ignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecity

andtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$1

7,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSh

arkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'inte

ntionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacomb

inationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A．Itcanfrightens

harksaway.B．Itisanoceanexplorer.C．Itisarubbishcollector.D．Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.2．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．Th

ecausesofoceanpollution.B．Thedangersofusingplastics.C．Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D．Theimportanceofoceanprotecti

on.3．WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?A．Avoidcrashingintoit.B．Breakitintopieces.C．Swallowit.

D．Flyoverit.4．WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A．TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.B．Moremeasuresshouldbeta

kentomakewaterclean.C．TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D．Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.Passage4（2020·北京市第四十三中学高三二模）

Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.Anewstudyshows

thatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includingla

rgeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehu

manbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.Hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidatea

ttheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,among

whichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）

usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,

theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000parti

cles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlespe

ryear.Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasti

cseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact.

"Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.Butinallli

kelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmerica

ns'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmic

roplasticcontent.Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostar

t.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.1．Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonly

existinthehumanbody?A．Thequality.B．Thequantity.C．Theshape.D．Thesize.2．HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?A．Byst

udyingpapers.B．Bycomparingtheimpacts.C．Byanalyzingthedata.D．Byconductingexperiments.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoth

etext?A．Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.B．Thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.C．Cox's

teamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.D．Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodand

drink.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplasticsB．MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSourcesC．Mi

croplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodiesD．TheImpactofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth题组一Passage1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（

新课标Ⅱ）C)【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作

者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32．推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomea

ndwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空

气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33．词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文

Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidsc

ouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母

亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrari

esinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemw

henyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。35．主旨大意题

。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我

对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。Passage2(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)【答案】21．A22．C23．B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。21．细节理解题。根据第一部分的Wewi

llvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.(我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我们探索历史

遗迹和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A.Historicalmonuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据第三部

分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中华神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledcities,templesandmoun

tainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwa

ysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thor

p对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C.China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。Passage3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷D）（第一次）)【答案】51．B52．A53．D54．D55．B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提

出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。51．猜测词义题。根据上句learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycang

iveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大

局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。52．细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthep

astandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们

面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。53．推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures和

Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的

基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。54．推理判断题。根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustolearnmore:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读OliverTwist的例子,通

过OliverTwist我们能去了解作者CharlesDickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。55．主旨大意题。根据第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,ask

ingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学

习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文内容。故选B。Passage4(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次))【答案】41.B42.D43.C44.D45.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinni

eReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,says

Iamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。

故选B。42.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyours

ize.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthcla

yfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthisiswhatIintendtodo!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强

调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“MissReam,”hesighed,“I'dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,wearei

nthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinn

ie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepoint

edtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”

可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想

选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45.推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总

统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。题组二Passage1【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。65.C【解

析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanwo

rthwhiletosavehismusic.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。66.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段“itwasbeautiful,”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“themusicwasworthsavi

ng.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。67.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthep

iano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.以及第十三段SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode:lines,be

ats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit,hejustcouldn’tplayit.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的

地方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonalsongs.可知作品

很多。故选A。68.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成MelancholyFlow

er之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。69.D【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告

诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。70.B【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项

“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选B。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。ZachariahFike有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一

爱好的起源。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战

争中他获得了一枚PurpleHeart。故A选项正确。22.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚PurpleHeart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真

地。因此，Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。23.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado,atranslator„waskilledi

nactioninEurope”和倒数第三段中的“asIgrewolder„andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado

的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。Passage3【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B【解析】推理判断题。

根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapea

llowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。30.

D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-nam

ebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。31

.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。Passage4【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.B【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述

塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第

三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltooo

ftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。53.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段welosethesenseofwonder.But,

ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。54.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段

welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoing

toloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后

会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。55.A【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意

义的成年人生活，故选A。题组三Passage1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。28.A【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。

根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29.B【解析】推理判断题。根据

第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey„hardlyever‟readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percenta

nd27percentrespectivelytoday.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。30.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句manyparentsstil

llimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是

担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesand

importantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子

们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。Passage2【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。51.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Mostofusobservedmuchmoreasch

ildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild‟sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。52

.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。53.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Anoth

erblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故答案为C。54.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的Ie

ncounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothe

mtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat‟saroundthem.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。55.A【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察

和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。Passage3【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behin

dawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知现代美国

诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段ThecarsthatdrovetheAmeric

anDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。30.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Hefea

rstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.可见Friedman虽然对

未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。题组四Passage1【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C【解析】文章是新闻报道，主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现

象。1．推理判断题，由第一段“IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,”说如果孔子还活着话，将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日，可以推

出是吸引读者的兴趣，故选B项。2．推理判断题，由第四段“StudentsintheUnitedStates，atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.”与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣，故选A项。3．

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由倒数后三段“Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteachersto

introduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,e

venifhisbirthdayis.”可知，因此，这位老思想家的思想仍然很活跃。今天的中国比以往任何时候都更吸引西方，它需要更多的教师来向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。至于这位老思想家，即使是他的生日，他也不会被西方人遗忘。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“西方人也热衷学习孔子思想”。故选D项。

4．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣。由此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选C项。Passage2【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”

展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“MartenPellassmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit‟stimeforustost

opworkingaroundhislivingroomtable”可知下午1点半，28岁的马腾·配拉(MårtenPella)的智能手机响了起来，这表示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以MartenPella电话响起的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故答案为A。2．细节

理解题。根据第三段“Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornotthe

yhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.”可知，另外，每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为C。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段

Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollectiveintelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.可

知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为A。4．主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高

工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。Passage3【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B【解析】本文属于说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。1．细节

理解题。根据第二段Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.可知，这种无人机是

用来清理垃圾的，故选C。2．主旨大意题。根据第四段By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.Onepa

perfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃

圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第五段Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserim

agingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物

体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnew

technology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。Passage4【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C【解析】本

文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromava

rietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthese

materialswithinthehumanbody”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍

存在于人体中，故D项正确。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreportedd

ataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,ther

esearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particle

s.”可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39

000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故C项正确。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwater

bottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，

而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故A项正确。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatth

etinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.

”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故C项正确。