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考点31阅读理解推理判断题高考频度：★★★★★题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时

，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,sugge

st(推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者

的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4w

ecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthete

xtthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpli

esthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewo

uldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor‟sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_______

__?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的

事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的

细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事

论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。

应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。推理判断题常见有以下形式：1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇

关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅠB）Ret

urningtoabookyou‟vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There‟sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth

,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon‟tchange,peopledo.Andthat‟swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtran

sformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It‟strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.B

utwithreading,it‟sallaboutthepresent.It‟saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopullt

heirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’sh

isclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolyth

eFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCo

rtazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothe

m.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor‟sworkisthehighestcurrencyaread

ercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it‟syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfri

ends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend

.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’

saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheautho

rfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B27．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处

并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadi

ngsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbond

withtheworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得

时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“

anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故

选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选

A项。2．因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。20

20年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅡC）Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.B

utsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).Unus

ualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsounds

crazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,say

sCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupinthefashi

onshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon

-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheck

fordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Bi

ologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit‟snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.H

untersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton‟sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsu

nusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，”Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaint

onthem-1thinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion

thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitise

co-friendly.28．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．To

introduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemse

riously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.31．W

hatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal.B．It’srisky.C．It’sharmful.D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A31．B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布

鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28．推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcased

nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredest

royingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：

“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweres

oconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据

第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoi

ngtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考查

学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描

写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷

（新课标ⅠC）Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however

,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerra

cewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport‟srulesrequirethataracewalker‟skneessta

ystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracew

alkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSa

lem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwould

burnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrun

ning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Ac

cordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timest

heirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner‟sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport‟sstra

ngeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingt

hesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

31．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Tolerant.D．Conservative.【答案】31．B【解析】31．

推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itd

oes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅢC）Withtheyoungunab

letoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquie

t,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsago

theyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroo

f.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedt

heideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit‟sab

igthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It‟

shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Offic

ialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othe

rvarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamily

home,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberof

allmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpar

tsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband‟sfam

ilywhentheygetmarried.29．WhatisNick‟sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A．Positive.B．Carefree.C．Tolerant.D．Unwilling.【答案】29．A2

9．推理判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它

吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。4．篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比

较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobab

lysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,the

ysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterrit

ory.…1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds‟singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds‟dailylife.D.Bytellin

gabird‟sstory.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。5．文章结论推断题由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷B）Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEngli

shasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethantha

t.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakst

an,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeopl

ehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hish

ostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety

.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemetho

dswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststo

rms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpi

ctureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicates

tomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultis

afineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A．Roma

ntic.B．Eventful.C．Pleasant.D．Dangerous.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook.B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Toremembe

rawriter.D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】10．B11．A【解析】10．推理判断题。根据第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandw

armth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensusp

ectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpak

stan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到了友善

和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕

克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚

帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次)HowtoUseaModernPublicLibraryHas

itbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It‟sbeenyearssincetheywer

edustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfin

douthowtostartabusiness.Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you‟llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou‟relo

okingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheach

otherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou‟verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformy

oubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformationinmanyforma

ts(载体形式).YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.Ifapopularmaga

zineyouwantisn‟tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinterestissho

wn.Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.Perhapsyou‟dliketolea

rnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askaboutspe

cialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeabletoaccommodateyou.Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimewh

ileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyo

urown,yourlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabus

iness.Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersof

commerce(商会)andgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.40.Whatisthepurpose

ofthepassage?A.Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedse

rvicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.【答案】40.C【解析】40.推理判断题。根据文章标题HowtoUseaModernPubl

icLibrary（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中的“youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.Theyhavetransformedthe

mselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你

可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）”。再结合几个小标题：Checkoutabook（借一本书）；Checkoutotheritems（借其他物品）；Jointargetedreadingg

roups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务。故选

C。题组一（2020年高考真题）Passage1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）C)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanr

emember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeair

tomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.Myfirstjobwasworkingatth

eUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.

AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofenterta

inment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywante

dmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit

!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,Iseemychildrentaki

ngtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I‟vefoundan

ewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan‟taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forr

eadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsu

pportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementson

yoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor‟srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A．Cooperat

ive.B．Uneasy.C．Inseparable.D．Casual.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A．Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B．Joyofrea

dingpassedoninthefamily.C．Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D．Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34．Whatdoesth

eauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A．Sponsorbookfairs.B．Writeforsocialmedia.C．Supportlibraries.D．Purchasehernovels.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletit

leforthetext?A．Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB．MyIdeaaboutwritingC．Library:AHavenfortheYoungD．MyLoveoftheLibraryPassage2(2020年全国统

一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)JourneyBackinTimewithScholarsClassicalProvence(13days)JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，Franc

e，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandG

auguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain(15days)Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthe

scent(芳香)oforanges，butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs

.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.China‟sS

acredLandscapes(21days)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages,”itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.Highlights(精彩之处)includ

eChina‟smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou‟srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.Wewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsanden

dourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.Tunisia(17days)JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityof

Dougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundciti

es.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.21．WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？A．Historica

lmonuments.B．Fieldsofflowers.C．VanGogh‟spaintings.D．Greekbuildings.22．WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？A

．France.B．Spain.C．China.D．Tunisia.23．WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？A．Whitetowns.B．Undergr

oundcities.C．Tile-roofedvillages.D．Rollinghills.Passage3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷D）（第一次）)Studyingasubjectthatyoufee

lpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisane

ssentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhi

story.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaning

fulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whi

chissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisan

amazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,p

roblemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinha

ndlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhow

thepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersis

usuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferin

gusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabout

historyisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Stu

dythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutreal

ism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itca

ngoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,bu

twecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.51．Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday

"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentstateofournationC．thelocationofourhome

landD．thetotalareaofourcountry52．Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A．Theproblemsatpres

entaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredic

tedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.53．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A．Itis

difficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．His

toryhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.54．WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A．CharlesDickenscontribu

tesmuchtoBritishliterature.B．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C．readingnovelsisawayto

learnaboutahistoricalperiod.D．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howt

oBuildCulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD．History:aWaytoBroadenHorizonsPassage4(2

020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次))“Theytellmethatyou‟dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”T

hedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen

-year-oldgirl.“Yes,sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn‟thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIa

mready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-they‟vealltriedto

makethebestofthisordinaryface,butI‟mafraidthere‟snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurr

iedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse-Ishouldn‟thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoun

gwomanyoursize.“Vinnie‟sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedef

endedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I‟vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthcl

ay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident‟seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,Ihaveunderestim

atedyouasIdidn‟tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissRe

am,”hesighed,“I‟dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposefor

asculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.

Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icoul

dcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie‟shandw

armly,“I‟veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,b

utyouwillhearfrommesoon.”Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.41.WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentL

incoln?A.Heraggressivepersonality.B.Mr.Mills‟sencouragingremark.C.PresidentLincoln‟sgentlevoice.D.Herinterestinachallengingjo

b.42.HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie‟srequest?A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.43.

Vinnieconfirmedherabilitytomakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlighting______.A.herexperiencefromotherprojectsB.herinnocentchildhoodinthecountry

C.theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD.theskillshepickedupinWisconsin44.Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto______.A.achieveeffectsof

naturallightingB.keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC.observethePresidentatarightangleD.avoiddisturbingthepresident‟swork45.Whatmessa

gedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenth

usiasm.题组二（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019·江苏卷，D)The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer‟s(阿尔楚海默症).Hewaslosinghism

emory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwas

histruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusi

c,towhichshefellasleepcatchnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi,Melissa‟sbestfriendandatalentedpia

nist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis?”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares.”Melissasa

id.Stevenodded,tearsineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe‟dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegen

tlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano,Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressed

on,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful."Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibil

ity,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwasbiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherwee

kandspenthourstogether.He‟dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe‟dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hesto

odbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcodelines,beats,

intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn‟tplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithad

excitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.S

tevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts,Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim

“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehi

ssignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve‟sfavorite,andmostpersonalsongs.WithNaomi‟shelp,theGoodw

infamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve‟ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn‟t.Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2016OregonReper

torySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:“MelancholyFlower”ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedi

rectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve‟spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconce

rt,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve‟smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandschedule

daconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfr

iends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhis

family.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.65.WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather‟smusic?A.Hismusiccouldstoph

isdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeher

fatheraprofessional.66.AfterhearingSteve‟splaying,Naomi________.A.refusedtomakeacommentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC.decidedtofreeSt

evefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend67.HowcantheprocessofSteve‟srecordingbedescribed?A.Itwasslowbutpr

oductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D.ItwasvitalforNaomi‟scareer.68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlo

wer,"hiswifeJoni_______.A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB.didn‟texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC.didn‟tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusb

and‟smusicD.broughtherhusband‟smusiccareertoperfection69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortlan

d？A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B.Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.70.Whatcanbe

asuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheKindnessofFriendsB.ThePowerofMusicC.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDeterminationPassage2(2019·浙江卷，A)Zach

ariahFikehasanunusualhobby.Hefindsoldmilitary(军队的)medalsforsaleinantiquestoresandontheInternet.Butunl

ikemostcollectors,Zactracksdownthemedals‟rightfulowners,andreturnsthem.Hisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbega

nwithaChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththenameCorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.ZacknowsthemeaningofaPu

rpleHeart-heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,heknewrightawaywhathehadtodo.ThroughtheInternet,Zactrackeddown

Corrado‟ssisterAdelineRockko.Butwhenhefinallyreachedher,thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions:"Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？"However,whenshehungup,sheregre

ttedthewayshehadhandledthecall.SoshecalledZacbackandapologized.SoonshedrovetomeetZacinWatertown,N.Y."Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness,"Zac

says."Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme."ThePiccolisgrewupthechildrenofItalianimmigrantsinWatertown.Corrado,atranslatorfortheAr

myduringWWII,waskilledinactioninEurope.BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn‟trealizedthemedalwasmissing.Likemanymilita

rymedals,theoneZac‟smotherhadfoundwasafamilytreasure."Thismedalwasveryprecioustomyparents.Onlyonspecialocc

asions(场合)wouldtheytakeitoutandletusholditinourhands,"Adelinesays.Asachild,Adelinecouldn'tunderstandwhythemedalwassosignificant.“Butas

Igrewolder,”Adelinesays,"andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft."CorradoPiccoli‟sPurp

leHeartmedalnowhangsattheItalianAmericanCivicAssociationinWatertown.ZacrecentlyreturnedanotherlostmedaltoafamilyinAlabama.Sincehefirstr

eunitedCorrado‟smedal,Zacsayshisrecordisnow5for5.21.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimself？A.Inthearmy.B.Inan

antiqueshop.C.Fromhismother.D.FromAdelineRockko.22.WhatdidZacrealizewhenAdelinedrovetomeethim？A.Shewasveryimpolite.B.Shewasseriousaboutthemedal.C

.Shesuspectedhishonesty.D.Shecamefromawealthyfamily.23.WhatmadeAdelinetreasurethePurpleHeart?A.Herparents‟advice.B.Herknowledgeo

fantiques.C.Herchildhooddream.D.Hermemoryofherbrother.Passage3(2019·全国II卷，C)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach‟s

BarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel‟s“me”time.Andlikem

oreAmericans,she‟snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastal

oneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，accordingtostatisticsf

romthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechte

l，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchather

desk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，

Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatth

ebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstoha

vealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrecharged

andwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，

butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealtheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurie

Demerit，whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.28.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety.B.Eat

inghabits.C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.29.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B.Tocatchupwithherwork.C.Tohavesome

timeonherown.D.Tocollectdataforherreport.30.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.B.He‟sfondofthefoodatthebar.C.Heint

erviewscustomersatthebar.D.He‟sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmeals

alone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.Passage4(2018·天津卷，D)WouldyouBETonth

efutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstop

functioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttob

eonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（

《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlong

before？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mt

alkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftenc

omewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.

Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmatu

rityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.We

learnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Wi

thhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，we

canachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosom

emoralconcept.Manyofusequate（视„„等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasoneca

nisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthe

kindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulate

sone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.dis

abilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteon

e'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryof

tengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawai

tsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A.Atoughmancantoleratesufferin

g.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodea

lwithlife.55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlif

e.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.T

osuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.题组二（2018年高考真题）Passage1(2018·新课标卷II，C)Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfu

n,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedataintherepo

rtshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren‟slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtotherep

ort‟skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey„hardlyever‟readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin198

4to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remain

largelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestot

echnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreadin

g.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedintherepo

rtshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkids

andteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,par

entswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ah

ead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryor

bookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children‟sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren‟sbooks.C.Children‟safter-classactivities.D.P

arent-childrelationships.29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?A.Inp

aragraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B

.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren‟shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrent

oreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclas

steachers.Passage2(2018·天津卷，D)Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbese

enfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you‟llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasa

dults.Achild‟sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeu

nclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequires

breakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisbl

ocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbe

gancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhe

ntheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey‟dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingth

ings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff.Theyno

longerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockst

oawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,

totakeamomenttoseewhat‟saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey‟dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemst

ounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandy

ouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.51.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore_____________.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetooth

ers‟feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem52.Whatideadoestheauthorconvey

inParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher‟sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.53.Thebirdwatcher

s‟behaviorshowsthatthey____________.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenam

esofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thena

turalbeautyisn‟tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.

D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould__________.A.filloursensestofee

lthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttopr

otectnaturePassage3(2018·浙江卷，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantin

Michiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenext

month.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.Thecarshapedsomeof

themostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,t

hecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemos

ttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In19

28HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmov

edonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhave

helpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climate

changeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesf

orthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,bui

ldandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurr

encyofpowerinthenewcentury.”28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.Tos

howtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.Topraisetheeffective

nessofAmerica’sroadsystem.29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashorta

geofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Toleran

t.题组四（名校模拟题）Passage1（2020·襄阳市第一中学高三月考）IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewould

bealotofcandles.He'dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleint

heUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheiro

wnnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.Inmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperu

nderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovern

menthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofCh

inesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学).SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWestern

ersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUn

itedStates，atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.Bu

sinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChin

aattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbefo

rgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.1．Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto________.A．providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuc

iusB．attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC．showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD．provethepopularit

yofmodernbirthdaycelebrations2．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents________.A．haveagreatinterestinstud

yingChineseB．takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC．trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD．fightforachancetolearnChinese3．Whati

sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ForgottenWisdominAmericaB．HugeFansoftheChineseLanguageC．ChineseCultureforWesternersD．OldThinkerw

ithaBigFuture4．Thepassageislikelytoappearin________.A．abiographyB．ahistorypaperC．anewspaperD．aphilosophytextbookPassag

e2（2020·湖南高三二模）It‟s13:30and28-year-oldMartenPella'ssmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit‟stimeforustostopworkingarou

ndhislivingroomtableandinsteadstartourworkoutroutinetogether.Acartooncharacterwearingbrightredshortsonvideobeginsin

structingustodostar-jumpsandsit-upsaroundhisapartment.Pella,aresearchassistantatStockholmUniversity,ispartoftheHofficemovement,whichinvitesworker

s-freelancers（自由职业者）orfull-timeemployeeswhocandotheirjobsremotely—toworkateachother‟shomestoincreaseproductivityan

denjoyanactivesociallife.ThoseattendingHofficeeventsadvertisedonFacebookaretypicallyaskedtoworksilentlyin45-minutebl

ocks,beforetakingshortbreakstogethertoexercise,orsimplychattingoveracoffee.Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobj

ectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.“OftenwhenIamalone,Ica

nworkfocusedforacoupleofhoursbutthenI‟measilydistracted（分心）.Thehelpofothersmakesmesomuchmoredisciplined.”s

aysPella,whoattendsHofficeeventsasbothaguestandahost.Lunchesmeannetworkingandconnectingwithnewcontacts.“Peoplearecoming

fromreallydifferentareasandhavedifferentprofessionssotherecanbereallyinterestingdiscussions,”hesays.TheHofficem

ovementhasgrownquicklysinceitwasfoundedin2014bySwedishpsychologistChristoferFranzen,now37.Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollective（集体的

）intelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.“Iwantedtotestmorestructuredhomeco

-workingwithfriendsinsimilarsituations,”hesays.Franzensaysthatholdingeventsinhousesandapartmentscreatesau

niqueatmosphere,becausethere‟sasenseofcommunityanddesiretocontribute.He‟slookingforwaystoexpandthesocialvalueofHoffic

e,bymatchingupmemberswithrelevantskillstoshareandevenencouragingjobseekerstojoinitsgatherings.1．WhereisPellawhenhiss

martphonestartspinging?A．Inhisownhome.B．Inhisoffice.C．Inanotherperson‟shome.D．AtStockholmUniversity.2．Whatdopeop

leattendingHofficeeventsdofirstwhentheymeet?A．Watchanexercisevideo.B．Worksilentlyfor45minutes.C．Telleachothertheirdailyplans.D．Reportwh

attheyhaveachieved.3．WhatdoesFranzenreallymeanbysaying“friendsinsimilarsituations”?A．Theyusuallyworkalone.B

．Theyoftengivelectures.C．Theystudycollectiveintelligence.D．Theyhavetoworkatakitchentable.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．

SharingComfortableWorkplacesB．ANewWaytoMakeNewFriendsC．BenefitsofCollectiveIntelligenceD．WorkingfromOthers‟HomesPassage3（2020·四川省南充

高级中学高三月考）Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpe

ople.DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwa

ste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisava

ilableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1m

eter)，itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.By2016therewereapprox

imately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwa

safloat."WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil，andheavymetal

s，andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines，"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fitt

edwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspa

thandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches.""Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundth

eperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperat

inginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousm

odel."Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsinclu

dinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsa

rguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventat

ivemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?A．Itcanfrightensharksaway.B．Itisanoceanexplore

r.C．Itisarubbishcollector.D．Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.2．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A．Thecausesofoceanpollution.B．Thedangersof

usingplastics.C．Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.D．Theimportanceofoceanprotection.3．WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproach

ingobject?A．Avoidcrashingintoit.B．Breakitintopieces.C．Swallowit.D．Flyoverit.4．WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?A．TheWasteSharkshouldbeuse

dmorewidely.B．Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.C．TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.D．

Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.Passage4（2020·北京市第四十三中学高三二模）Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenviro

nment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.AnewstudyshowsthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particlesea

chyear.Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownin

tosmallerandsmallerpieces.Therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.Hop

ingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbyKieranCox,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofVictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplast

icsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptio

nofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheaira

ndtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmic

roplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.Whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000a

nd121,000particlesperyear.Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanaddit

ional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."Thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayea

r,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."Coxsays.Thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicro

plastics.Butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.Collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearche

rsanalyzedrepresent15percentofAmericans'caloricintake.Theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetables

andgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.Forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdo

wnbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.Buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.1．Whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmi

croplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?A．Thequality.B．Thequantity.C．Theshape.D．Thesize.2．HowdidKieranCox'steamcalculatethepotential

consumptionofmicroplastics?A．Bystudyingpapers.B．Bycomparingtheimpacts.C．Byanalyzingthedata.D．Byconductingexperim

ents.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A．Drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.B．Thestud

yisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.C．Cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicro

plasticstakeninbyhumans.D．Peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.4．What

isthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThePotentialProblemsofMicroplasticsB．MicroplasticsComingFromVariousSourcesC．MicroplasticsFoundWithinHumanBodiesD．TheImpact

ofMicroplasticsonHumanHealth题组一Passage1(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）C)【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有

了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32．推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadi

nguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.Ilivedouta

dventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者

小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33．词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.It

wasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem

(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读

给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasig

nificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalka

boutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。35．主旨大

意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。Passage2

(2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅲ），A)【答案】21．A22．C23．B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。21．细节理解题。根据第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanm

onumentsintheworld.(我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我们探索历史

遗迹和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客们可以参观历史遗迹。A.Historicalmonuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。22．推理判断题。根据第

三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中华神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledcities,templesa

ndmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterw

aysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由

此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C.China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。Passage3(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷D）（第一次）)【答案】51．B52．A53．D54．D55．

B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。51．猜测词义题。根据上句

learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们

祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。52．细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthe

pastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有

了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。53．推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures和Hi

storyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提

供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。54．推理判断题。根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustolearnmore:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读OliverTwist

的例子,通过OliverTwist我们能去了解作者CharlesDickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选

D。55．主旨大意题。根据第一段Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep

.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能

概括全文内容。故选B。Passage4(2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷A)（7月第二次))【答案】41.B42.D43.C44.D45.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开

始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,sa

ysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，M

ills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwo

manyoursize.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.

Makingafull-lengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthisiswhatIintendtodo!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinni

e通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“MissReam,”hesighed,“I'dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weare

inthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinn

ie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentassh

epointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemos

toftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部

分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45.推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统

提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。题组二Passage1【语篇解读】本文属

于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。65.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音

乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。66.

B【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段“itwasbeautiful,”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“themusicwasworthsaving.”可知，听了录音之后Naom

i说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。67.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexpla

inwhatheheardinhishead.以及第十三段SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode:lines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheard

it.Allofit,hejustcouldn’tplayit.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve

在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonalsongs.可知作品很多。故选A。68.C【解析】推

理判断题。根据第十六段Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成MelancholyFlower之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。69.D【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Heknewt

hepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D

。70.B【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选B。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。ZachariahFike有一个不同寻

常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier”可

知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚PurpleHeart。故A选项正确。22.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚PurpleHeart开车八个小时来

见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。23.D【解析】推

理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado,atranslator„waskilledinactioninEurope”和倒数第三段中的“asIgrewolder„andmissedmybrotherm

oreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚

勋章。故D选项正确。Passage3【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53

%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshou

lder.Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。30.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段helikesthathecansitand

checkhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.可知Mazoleny喜欢这样

的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。31.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为

一种趋势，故选A。Passage4【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。51.B【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还

身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。52.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongro

wingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofst

eam可知，停止学习，故选D。53.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。54.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearnt

oavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来

对待生活，故选D。55.A【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。题组三Passage1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习

惯的调查报告。报告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。28.A【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐

趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey„hard

lyever‟readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.可知，很少为乐

趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。30.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句manyparentsstilllimitelectron

icreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的

健康。故选C。31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfort

heirkidswhenitcomestoreading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。Passage2【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔

细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。51.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild‟sdayisfi

lledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。52.A【解析】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。53.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首

句Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故答案为C。54.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的

Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtot

hemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat‟saroundthem.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。55.A【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过

此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。Passage3【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。28.

B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,t

hebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。29.B【解

析】细节理解题。根据第四段ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。30.C【解析】推理判断

题。根据倒数第二段中的Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.可

见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。题组四Passage1【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C【解析】文章是新闻报道，主要讲述了外

国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象。1．推理判断题，由第一段“IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember2

8birthdaywithabigcake,”说如果孔子还活着话，将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日，可以推出是吸引读者的兴趣，故选B项。2．推理判断题，由第四段“StudentsintheUnitedStates，atthes

ametime,areracingtolearnChinese.”与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣，故选A项。3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由倒数后三段“Sotheoldthin

ker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChine

seculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.”可知，因此，这位老思想家的思想仍然很活跃。今天的中国比以往

任何时候都更吸引西方，它需要更多的教师来向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。至于这位老思想家，即使是他的生日，他也不会被西方人遗忘。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“西方人也热衷学习孔子思想”。故选D项。4．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国

人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣。由此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选C项。Passage2【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全

职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“MartenPellassmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit‟stimeforustostopworkingaroundh

islivingroomtable”可知下午1点半，28岁的马腾·配拉(MårtenPella)的智能手机响了起来，这表示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以MartenPella电话响起

的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故答案为A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarriva

l,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.”可知，另外，每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标

，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为C。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollectiveintelligence,butrea

lisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是总是独自一人工作，

故答案为A。4．主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。Passage3【答案】1．C2．C3．A4．B【解

析】本文属于说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。1．细节理解题。根据第二段Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafteraye

aroftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。2．主旨大意题。根据第四段By2016therewereapproximately150milli

ontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat

.可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。3．细节理解题。根据第五段Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesys

tem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物

体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'

thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'

sattitudestowardslittering.可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。Passage4【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。1．细节理

解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.T

herefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来

源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故D项正确。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsum

ptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandthe

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sreportedrespirationrates.Basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplas

ticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.”可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每

年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故C项正确。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodr

inkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000among

thosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故A项正确。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别

是根据第一段“Microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.It'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.Anewstudyshow

sthatAmericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可

知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故C项正确。