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考点30阅读理解细节理解题高考频度：★★★★★在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例，全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具

体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,whic

h,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.

以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagea

uthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry‘seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople‘sl

ifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold―tolooktheotherway‖(theunderlinedpartinParagrap

h2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid―Goodevening‖toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生

要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取―带着问题找答案‖的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题

相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将―无此细节‖和―与此细节相反‖的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干

扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断

，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语

句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一

提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。细节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：题型一描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解

。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【2020·全国卷I，B】Returningtoabookyou‘ve

readmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There‘sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthatti

mehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon‘tchange,peopledo.Andthat‘swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtrans

formative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It‘strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeel

timehaswings.Butwithreading,it‘sallaboutthepresent.It‘saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadin

gisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaket

oreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway‘sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it‘shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thela

nguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard‘sHolyt

heFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar‘sSaveTwilight:Selec

tedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whic

hmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadingana

uthor‘sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it‘syouthathastogr

owandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It‘sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It‘sabout

Hemingway‘slifeasayoungman.C.It‘sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It‘saboutHemingway‘sfriendsinParis.【答案与解析】25.B事实细节题根据第三段...it‘s

hisclassicmemoirof1920sParis…anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.可知，《流动的盛宴》(AMoveableFeast)是海明威回

忆年轻时在巴黎的生活的自传。题型二信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要

从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用―题干定全法‖。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速

寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确

解读广告的内容。通常运用―补全成分法‖和―联想推测法‖两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用―题干定向法‖。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系

将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driverwanted.根据文义，可将该句补充为：Adriverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考

生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节省篇幅，特别是在商业广告中，常使用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：Tel.=telephonenumberPh.=phoneAdd(r).=addressco.=companyLtd=Lim

itedMax=maximumMin=minimumhr=hourt=timefig=figureft=footml=miledoz=dozenMt=MountainP=pageprof.=professorDr.=doctors

=southn=northw=westSta=Stationpop=popularvs=versusXmas=Christmasinfo=informationVIP=veryimportantpersonshrs=hoursaft=afterad=advertisementp

/t=parttimeexp=experiencedPC=personalcomputerMA=MasterofArtsBSdegree=bachelor'sdegree(学士学位)【2020·全国卷I，A】TrainInformation

AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseas

katyourlocalstationorcall13-12-30.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnections

betweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueen

slandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholid

ays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayo

perate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon13-12-30anytime.Custo

mersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon13

-16-17.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm11:02pmRomaStree

tVarsityLakes12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.Call131617.B.Visittranslink.com.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetra

inschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi.B.RomaStreet.C.VarsityLakes.D.FortitudeValley.23.Whichtrai

nwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm.B.7:29pm.C.8:57pm.D.11:02pm.【答案与解析】21.C事实细节题根据第一段Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourloca

lstationorcall131230.可知答案。22.B事实细节题根据Lostproperty中的ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStr

eetstation.可知答案。23.B事实细节题根据Guardiantrains(outbound)中的题型三数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键

是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用―列表法‖，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相

对不太复杂的数据，可采用―推算法‖，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。【2020·黑龙江工农鹤岗一中高三开学考试，A】MagicalHistoryTourJoinusforourfifthannualexplor

ationoffascinatinghistoricsitesaroundGreaterPortlandthatyou‘veneverseenormaybedidn‘tevenknowexisted!TheMagicalHistoryTourisyourkeytounlockingfascinat

inghistoricalplacesthatarenotusuallyopentothepublic.Itisaself-guidedadventureguaranteedtoamazeandamusebothadultsandchildren.Equip

pedwithamap，andatyourownpace，youwillbegreetedbyguidesateachlocationreadytosharethehistoryofthetourstop.Inthe5thyearoftheMagicalHistor

yTour，wewillbepresentinganexcitingmixofbothnewsitesandfavoritesfromthepastfouryears.TheMagicalHistoryTourcheckinbeginsat9:45a

matMaineHistoricalSociety’sBrownLibrary.Atthistime，youwillfindoutwherethetourwilltakeyouasyoureceiveyourma

pandticketintoeachsite.FollowusonFacebook，Twitter，andInstagramforupdates，chancestowinticketsandsomeo

therexcitingopportunities；andfeelfreetoshareyourtourexperiencestooursocialmediapagesusing#MHStour!●Time:10:00am—4:00pm，Saturday，

May11，2019●Location:485CongressStreet●Tickets:Getyourticketsonline，bycallingusat207-774-1822，orbyvisitingourMuseumStoreat

489CongressStreet.$25／AdultMHSMember；$35／AdultGeneralAdmission；$5／Juniorsunderage18.●Volunteering:WeneedvolunteersfortheMagica

lHistoryTour!Volunteershelpforhalfthedayofthetourandaregivenafreetickettothetourtoenjoyeitherbeforeoraftertheirvolunteershift!Formoreinformati

on，emailusatevents@mainehistoryorgorcallusat207-774-1822.22．Howmuchshouldacouple(oneisMHSMember)andakidpay?A．$55.B．$65.C．$75.D．$105

.【答案】22．B【解析】22．细节理解题。根据Tickets部分中Getyourticketsonline，bycallingusat207-774-1822，orbyvisitingourMuseumStor

eat489CongressStreet.$25／AdultMHSMember；$35／AdultGeneralAdmission；$5／Juniorsunderage18.可知一对其中一个是MHS成员的夫妻和

一个孩子需要付：25+35+5=65美元。故选B。题型四排序题这种试题要求考生根据事情发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件的正确顺序。做此类题目可采用＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序

题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。Afewyearsago,myhusbandandIwereonanislan

dforaweekwithourtwolittledaughters.Aswetalkedaboutwhattodonext,ourdaughtersjumpedinandtoldusexactlywhattheywan

tedtodo.Weagreed.AssoonaswewalkedintothemainareaofButterflyMuseum,wesawthousandsofbeautifulbutterflies.Theyallflewwi

ththeircolorfulwings.Mygirlswerejumpingupanddown.AndIknewwehadmadetherightdecisiontocometothemuseum.Theywerehavingsomuchfun.Iturnedtoourgui

deandaskedcuriously，―Howlongdobutterflieslive?‖shesaid,―Abouttendays.‖"Whatcanbutterfliesdointendays?‖Theguidestopped,lookedatm

eandsaid,―Theymaketheworldamorebeautifulplace.‖Afterwesaidgoodbye,Icouldn'tstopthinkingaboutwhattheguidehadsaid.Shewasright.Weallhav

esomethingtooffertheworld.Ifweallspendtimedoingwhatwecandoforothers,wecanmaketheworldabetterplace.5．Whichisthepropertimeorderofwhathappened?a.Th

egirlsenjoyedthemselvesinButterflyMuseum.b.MyhusbandandItalkedaboutwhattodonext.c.Theguidetoldmehowthebutterfliesspenttheirl

ife.d.Ikeptthinkingabouttheguide‘swords.A．b→a→c→dB．a→b→d→cC．a→d→b→cD．a→b→c→d【答案】5．A【解析】5．细节理解题。本文是细节题中的排序题，根据第一段可知作者和丈夫在讨论接下来做什么，孩子建议我们去蝴蝶博物馆

，在那里她们玩得很开心，作者问向导蝴蝶的有关情况，向导告诉作者蝴蝶一生就是让这个世界更为美丽，我一直在思考向导说的话，给了我启示。故A项正确。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取―带着问题找答案‖的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。

题型五图文转换题此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用―文字锁定法‖，即找出描述图形的句段，按―文‖锁―图‖，迅速锁定相关图形，或用―图形标示法‖，在图形中标出相应的内容，

以便做题。TheHomeofMyPeopleWhenLewisandClarksteppedontotheWeippePrairieinpresent-dayIdahoinSeptember1808,theymettheNezPerceIndians.In

thefollowingyears,thewhiteexplorers（探险者）begantofightwiththeIndiansfortheirland.SomeNezPercechiefssignedagreementswiththeU.

S.government,sellingpartoftheirlands.Butthegovernmentalwaysbrokethoseagreementsanddemandedmoreland.Otherchi

efsrefusedtogoalongwiththegovernment‘splans.ThemostfamouswasChiefJoseph,whosepeoplelivedintheWallowaValley（present-dayOregon）.―Inordertohav

eallpeopleunderstandhowmuchlandweowned,‖heonceexplained,―myfatherplantedpolesarounditandsaid:‗Insideist

hehomeofmypeople…Itcircledaroundthegraves（坟墓）ofourfathers,andwewillnevergiveupthesegravestoanyman.‘‖Butin1874,theU.S.gove

rnmentdeclaredthevalleyopenforwhitesettlementandorderedtheNezPerceontoareservation（保留地）.Seeingthatresistancewasuseless,

ChiefJosephagreedtomove.Later,fightingbrokeoutbetweentheNezPerceandU.S.soldiers.ChiefJosephtriedtoleadhispeopletoCanada,winnin

gseveralbattlesagainstthesoldiersduringtheirflight.Butfinally,hewasforcedtogivein.1.Whichhistoricsite（onthemap）liesinthesouthoftoday‘sNezP

erceReservation?A.BuffaloEddy.B.DugBar.C.JosephCanyonViewpoint.D.ChiefLookingGlassCamp.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNezPercelandsfromthemap?A.Theywe

reinthestateofOregon.B.Theyhavebecomeahistoricsite.C.Theyhavebecomemuchsmaller.D.Theywerelimitedtothe

WallowaValley.【答案与解析】1.D此题考查学生的图示理解能力。首先要找到并标出现在NezPerceReservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到ChiefLookingGlasscamp位于Nez

PerceReservation的南部。2.C从地图中我们可以看到，NezPerce原先所拥有的土地比现在NezPerce保留区的位置大多了。6．代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指

代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【2020·山东威海高三二模，B】ThewayJasonMomoadescribesHawaii‘sbelovedinactive

volcano,MaunaKea,makesyouunderstandwhyit‘sconsideredsacred(神圣的)."It’skindoftheumbilicalcord(脐带)toearth,"theactortellsCNN."Yo

uknow,ifyouthinkabouttheHawaiianislands,that’sthebiggestmountainintheworld,right?Allthewayup.SoMaunaKeaisthemostsa

cred.Wecallitthebellybutton,too.That‘slikeourbirthplace.That‘showourislandswereformed.Sohowcanthatnotbesacred?"Hewouldknow.Jason,anativeofHawai

i,hashadanear-constantpresencetherewhenhe‘snotworking,fightingwithlocalprotestorstostoptheconstructio

noftheThirtyMeterTelescope,orTMT,whichwoulddrilldirectlyintothemountainandinvadeitspreciouswatersupply.Sofar,protest

orshavesuccessfullyblockedtheonlyroadcrewsseekingtogoupthemountaininordertobuildthebillion-dollarobservatory."Itstarte

din2015.What‘shappeningovertherewasjustnotright,"Jasonsays."AndIwentovertheretomeetwitheveryonetobringthepointtotheworld."Jasonj

oinstheprotestswhenhecan.Hecaredsodeeplyaboutthepreservationofthelandthatwhenhehadsparetimetolendhissupport,hewasthere."Yo

ualsohavetoremember,that‘sourwatersource.Sohavingan18-storybuildingbuiltontopofthetallestmountainfromthesealevelonourwaterlevelister

rible."TheGameofThronesstarsayshefeelsthemovementisworkinganddescribinghispartinitasacallingtodowhathefeelsrightinhissoul."There‘smassiveprogresst

hat‘sbringingourpeopletogether,"hesays,adding,"IthinktherearealotofproblemsinHawaii.Therearealotofthingsthathavehappenedinourhistory,alotofinjustic

e,andsowe‘reshiningalightonit.PeoplelikemyselforDwayneJohnson,BrunoMarsaretryingtospreadtheconcernallaroundtheworld.FormysoulIneedtobe

there."25．Whatdoes“It”refertoinParagraph4?A．TheprojectofbuildingTMT.B．Theeventofblockingtheroadcrews.C．Th

eshootingofGameofThrones.D．Themovementofpreservingtheland.【答案】25．A【解析】25．词义猜测题。此题猜it的意思，it是对上文事物的指代。根据上文Jason,anativeofHawaii,hashadanear

-constantpresencetherewhenhe’snotworking,fightingwithlocalprotestorstostoptheconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope,orTMT,whichwoulddril

ldirectlyintothemountainandinvadeitspreciouswatersupply.可知杰森是夏威夷人，在他不工作的时候，他几乎经常出现在那里，与当地的抗议者战斗，以阻止30米望远镜TM

T的建设，TMT将直接钻到山上，并侵入山上宝贵的水源。所以这里的it指代的是TMT项目的建设。故此题选A。题组一（2020年高考真题）Passage1(2020·新课标II卷，A)TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemain

Mansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaw

ard-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsan

dantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:

10:30-17:00(16:00inOct).House:11:15-16:00(15:00inOct)Town:PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall‘

stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurner

sandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10:30-17:00Sumner.10:30

-16:00Winter.Town:KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoricc

ollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfro

mfinearttointeractivefun,sothere‘ssomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10:00–17:00,Sun11:00–17:00.LowSeason1Nov

–31Mar:MontoSat10:00–16:30,Sun12:00–16:30.Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverWilliamWordsworth‘

sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinth

ecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09:30–17:30(lastadmission17:00).Town:Grasmere21．Whenisthe

HouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A．09:30-17:30.B．10:30-16:00.C．11:15-16:00.D．12:00-16:3022．WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbo

tHallArtGallery&Museum?A．EnjoyRonney’sworks.B．Havesomeinteractivefun.C．Attendafamousfestival.D．Learnthehistoryofafamily2

3．WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?A．Penrith.B．Kendal.C．Carlisle.D．Grasmere.Passage2(2020·新课标II

卷，B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills

.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplayw

ithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfor

differencesinparents‘income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpa

irsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsof

age.―Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtrans

lateshapes,‖Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplaye

dwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboy

sandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboyspro

videdmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDe

velopmentalScience.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learning

self-control.D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A．Parents’age.B．Children’

simagination.C．Parents’education.D．Child-parentrelationship.26．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuz

zlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywi

thtougherpuzzles.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingpro

gram.Passage3(2020·新课标III卷，C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoor

waytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesu

pstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhashe

rownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.―Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,‖saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:―Wespokemor

ewithNickbecauseIthinkit‘sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.‖AndwhatdoesNickthink?―Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommend

it?Yes,IthinkIwould.‖It‘shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbersh

avebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in20

13.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhom

e,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenera

tionalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwhe

remultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomove

inwiththeirhusband‘sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28．WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A．Nick.B．Rita.C．Kat

hrynD．Thedaughters.29．WhatisNick‘sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A．Positive.B．Carefree.C．Tolerant.D．Unwilling.3

0．Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A．Familytraditions.B．Financialreports.C．Publishedstatist

ics.D．Publicopinions.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B．Conflictsbetweengenerations.C．Ah

ousingprobleminBritain.D．ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.Passage4(2020·新课标I卷，C)Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whil

emostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathlet

es.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport‘

srulesrequirethataracewalker‘skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It‘sthis

strangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercise

scienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmov

ingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning

,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrun

ningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,wh

ileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someofthei

njuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner‘sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport‘sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressont

heanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyon

ewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepracti

ce.28．Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A．Theymustrunlongdistances.B．Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C．Theyhavetofollowspecialru

les.D．Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29．Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A．It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B．It’sl

esschallengingphysically.C．It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D．It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30．WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryi

ngracewalking?A．Gettingexperts’opinions.B．Havingamedicalcheckup.C．Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D．Doingregularexercises.3

1．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor‘sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Tolerant.D．Conservative.题

组二（2019年高考真题）Passage1(2019·新课标II卷，A)【2019·全国卷I，A】NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanypro

gramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnabou

tprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingin

certainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.

Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,0

00tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytob

eaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnottu

rning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehirede

achyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepos

itionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itpr

ovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.Wh

atistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavors

thedisabled?A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.Pa

ssage2(2019·新课标III卷，A)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph，inwhichanori

gami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresb

yterianChurch，165W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherpri

vatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfel

d，236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispre

sentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public，425LafayetteSt.212-967-7555.)OntheTwentiethC

enturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotri

estowinamoviestar'sloveduringacross-countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects，forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.Previewsbeg

inFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre，227W.42ndSt.212-719-1300.)21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?.A.Atypeofart.B.

Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher.D.Agroupofanimals.22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren.B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker.D.StephenDaldry

.23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper.B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton.D.OntheTwenti

ethCentury.Passage3(2019·新课标III卷，D)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonke

ystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresea

rchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingst

one,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothe

rsidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and

8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecir

cle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgofort

hehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachc

ombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithas

inglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbe

rs,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthat

thereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebig

numberthanthelittleone.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytra

inedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.

Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunder

standsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.35.Inwhichsectiono

fanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.Passage4(2019·新课标I卷，C)Asda

taandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeep

othersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaytha

ttheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)wi

thwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingslikethefo

rceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whe

thertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnology

thatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnol

ogy,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedev

icecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystrai

ghtforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersde

velopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthec

ostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fi

ngerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdoth

eresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'l

lbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.题组三（2018年

高考真题）Passage1(2018·新课标II卷，A)SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Form

swillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/ca

reerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild‘schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OU

T)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.Youwillbeabletotakepartina

numberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens£140WWIBattlefiel

dsandParis(WBP)OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattle

fields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispar

k,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Milson£425Craft

yFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Ba

gs,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode£30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicn

ic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,p

icniclunchoutsideOxford‘sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.MissDrake£15021.Which

activitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?A.TraveltoL

ondon.B.Seeaparadeandfireworks.C.TourcentralParis.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twoday

s.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.Passage2(2018·新课标III卷，A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:FollowbrownsignsonA

590fromJ36,M6.Approximatetraveltimes:Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes,Manchester-1hour3

0minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.Open

ingTimesSunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)11:00am-4:00pm,30thMarch-2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:£12.00£8.00Gr

oups:£9.00£5.50SpecialEventsProducers‘Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexc

ellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostp

opulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensitsgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forj

ustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavariet

yofshopssellinggifswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerf

romManchester?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90minutes.22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&G

ardens?A.£l2.00.B.£9.00.C.£8.00.D.£5.50.23.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers‘Market.B.Ho

lkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.Passage3(2018·新课标III卷，B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwherethe

yare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isne

aralargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodo

ftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoy

earslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeL

ondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonw

ascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,ther

ewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayed

richmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwer

everyexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithn

ointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhad

come.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawso

nCity—itspresentpopulationis762.24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture.B.Itssmallpopu

lation.C.Itsgeographicalposition.D.Itsfavourableclimate.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thi

rdsofthemstayedthere.B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfofthemdied.26.Whatwasthemainreasonfo

rmanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletost

andthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewil

derness.D.TourisminDawson.Passage4(2018·天津卷，A)FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysa

full-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,fireal

arms,andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldl

ocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的)fireal

armsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingof

heatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareille

galandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothef

ollowing:·TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotus

ealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachflooran

dineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangerous

situationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisonthecei

linginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:●Ifyoursmokedetectoris

workingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.●Donotcoverorblockyours

mokedetectorinanyway.●Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionpr

ofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreve

ntionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesan

dsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstati

ons.38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould___________.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitfori

nstructionsinthehall39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B

.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisfor

bidden.40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould_________.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingst

hatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking题组四（名校模拟题）Passage1（2020·荆门市龙泉中学高三月考）LOSANGELES,Nov.12(

Xinhua)—LegendarycomicbookwriterStanLeehasdiedattheageof95,accordingtomediareportsonMonday.Lee,borninStanleyLieberonDec.28th,1922,beg

anhiscareerin1939andjoinedtheMarvelComicsin1961.Heisconsideredasoneofthemostlegendarynamesinthehistoryofcomicbooksandthe

leadingcreativeforcebehindtheriseofMarvelComics.Heco-creatediconicfictionalcharacterssuchasSpider-Man,X-Men,theAvengers,andmanymore.Lee‘scha

ractersoftenhavesuperpowers,buttheyalsohaveweaknesses.Theywerehumans,notgods.Theynotonlystruggledtosavethewor

ld,butalsotopaytheirbills,makefriends,andholdjobs.ThismadeMarvelcomicbookheroesstandapartfromitscompetitorDC,whichproducedtheseeminglyperfecthero

eslikeSupermanandWonderWoman.Thosesuperheroeshavebeenadaptedintoblockbusterfilms,mostofwhichweremadeafterDisneyacquiredMarveli

na4-billion-dollardealin2009.Inastatement,BobIger,chairmanandCEOoftheWaltDisneyCompanysaidStanLeewasasextraordinaryasthecharactershecreat

ed.MarvelalsopraisedLeeonitswebsitebyputtingononeofLee‘sfamousquotes,whichgoes,―IusedtobeembarrassedbecauseIwasjustacomic-bookwriterwhi

leotherpeoplewerebuildingbridgesorgoingontomedicalcareers.AndthenIbegantorealize:entertainmentisoneofthemostimpo

rtantthingsinpeople‘slives.Withoutit,theymightgooffthedeepend.Ifeelthatifyou‘reabletoentertain,you‘redoingagoodthing.‖Prai

sefromhisHollywoodpeersandcolleagueswasgenerous.PresidentofMarvelStudiosKevinFeigeappreciatedLee‘sunparalleledimpacton

theindustry.―NoonehashadmoreofanimpactonmycareerthanStanLee,‖Feigesaid.―OurthoughtsarewithhisfamilyandthemillionsoffanswhohavebeenforevertouchedbySta

n‘sgenius,charismaandheart.‖1．HowdoLee‘scharactersdifferfromthoseofDC?A．Theyareperfectheroes.B．Theyoftenhavesuperpowers.C

．Theyarenothumans,butgods.D．Theyhavehumanshortcomings.2．WecanlearnfromLee‘sstatementinParagraph6that________.A．itisembarrassingtobeaco

mic-bookwriterB．atasteofentertainmentisnecessaryinpeople‘slivesC．entertainmentisthemostimportantthingintheworldD．youcandoeverythingwellifyou

areabletoentertain3．Accordingtothepassage,wecouldknowthat________.A．LeeinfluencedKevinFeige‘scareeralotB．Leej

oinedtheMarvelComicsinhisfortiesC．LeecreatedthefictionalcharactersallbyhimselfD．ThesuperheroeswereadaptedintofilmsbeforeDisneyacq

uiredMarvel4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ComicsLegend—theMarvelsandDCB．TheSuperheroesinStanLee‘sComicsC．Marvel‘sComicsLegend

StanLeeDiesat95D．TheLifeStoryofMarvelComicsLegendStanLeePassage2（2020·天津和平区耀华中学高三一模）Theterm―IronMan‖hasma

nyconnotations(内涵),includingreferencestoasong,acomicbookicon,evenamovie.Yetonlyonedefinitionofthetermtrulylivesuptoitsname:theIronmantriathl

onheldannuallyinHawaii,apicturesque(独特的)settingforachallengingrace,whichdemandsamazingphysicalprowessandtheability

toswim,bike,andrunamarathon,allinlessthan12hourswithnobreak.Veryfewindividualsareuptothetask.However,Gordo

nHallerisanotableexception.Growingupinthe1950s,Hallerdevelopedaninterestinmanysportscategorizedasendurance(耐性)athleticsandwelc

omedtheirphysicaldemands.Ashepursuedadegreeinphysicshedroveataxitopaythebills,butcompetitivetrainingprovedhispassion.Sowhenheheardaboutt

heracein1978,thefirstyearitwasheld,heimmediatelysignedup.Theraceoriginatedinasomewhatamusingway.Themembersofthetwopopularsportscl

ubs,theMid-PacificRoadRunnersofHonoluluandtheWaikikiSwimClubofOahu,hadalong-standingandgood-natureddebategoingoverwhomadebetterathletes:runnersorsw

immers.However,somelocalbikesthoughtbothclubswerewrong,claimingthatthey,infact,deservedthetitle.Wantingtosettlethedispute(争论)onceandforall,theydecid

edtocombinethreeseparateracesalreadyheldannuallyontheislandintoonemassivetestofendurance.Thus,theWaikikiRoughwat

erSwimof2.4miles,theAround-OahuBikeraceof112miles,andtheHonoluluMarathonof26.2mileswereallputtogethertoformtheIron

manTriathlon.HallerwasoneofonlyfifteencompetitorstoshowupthatFebruarymorningtostarttherace.Hequicklyscannedthefewpagesofrulesandinstruc

tions,andonthelastpagehediscoveredasentencethatwouldbecometherace‘sfamousslogan:―Swim2.4miles!Bike112miles!Run26.2miles!Brag

(吹牛)fortherestofyourlife!‖Hallertookthattoheart,andattheendoftheday,hebecamethefirstIronmanchampioninhisto

ry.Haller‘sphysicalstrengthenabledhimtodowhatnooneelseinthepasthadaccomplished.Intheapproximatelythirtyyearssincethatveryfirstrace,theIronmanhasbe

comeatraditioninHawaiiandnowboastsapproximately1500entrantseveryyear.Thecompetitorswhocompletetheracedon‘t

havetobethefirstacrossthefinishlinetoclaimsuccess:justfinishingisavictoryontoitself.20．The―IronMan‖inthepassageaboverefersto____________.A．af

olksongB．amoviecharacterC．atriathlonathleteD．asportsevent21．WhatdoweknowaboutGordonHallerfromthepassage?A．Hehadagreatinterest

inallkindsofsports.B．HewasamemberoftheWaikikiSwimClubofOahu.C．Hebecameataxidriverafterhegraduatedfromschool.D．Hewasthecha

mpioninthefirstIronmanTriathlon.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―prowess‖inthefirstparagraphmean?A．musclesB．skillsC

．balanceD．reaction23．TheIronmanracewasbornduetothefactthat__________.A．Thetwoclubsfoughtoverwhomadebette

rathletes.B．GordonHallerwantedtoshowhisgreatendurance.C．Thecombinedracecanhelpchoosethemostathletic.D．Clubmemberswa

ntedtoimprovetheirphysicalabilities.24．WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutthefirstIronmanTriathlon?A．Participantshadtochoosetwofromthethreerace

sinthefirstIronmanTriathlon.B．Hallermaynothaveknowntherulesofitbeforeheshowedupfortheevent.C．NoothercompetitorsotherthanHallerfinishedthera

cesintheend.D．SixteencompetitorsintotalparticipatedinitonFebruarymorning.Passage3（2020·湖南高三二模）Arobotdesignedtocarrythin

gsmovesquicklyacrossafieldtogatherequipmentatasportsevent.Suchequipment,likejavelinsanddiscuses(铁饼),ha

sbeenthrownbycompetitors.Anotherrobotmovesahuman-sizedscreenonwheels.Itisdesignedtopermitvirtualattendan

ceattheevent.Andthentherearetherobotsdesignedtolooklikethesmiling,friendlycreaturesormascotsthatactastheOlympicGames‘representatives.Al

ltheserobotsarepartofpreparationsforthe2020OlympicGamesinTokyo,Japan.JapanesecarmakerToyotaMotorCorporationpresentedthemac

hinestoreportersearlierthisweek.Toyotaisamajorsupporterofthe2020OlympicGames.Themascotrobotshavemovingarmsa

ndlegs,andtheireyeschangetotheimageofstarsandhearts.Theycannotspeakatallorwalkverywell.ButTomohisaMoridaira,leadengineer,suggestedsev

eralpossibilities,suchasgettingtherobottoholdtheOlympictorchusingmagnets.Thefieldsupportrobot"isasmallbus-sha

pedmachinebasedonaToyotaride-sharingvehiclethatisstillindevelopment.Thefieldsupportrobotcantravelasfastas20kilometersperhour.Itholdsthreecameras

andonespecialsensorthatletsitsurroundings.Aroundthetopofitsbodyarespeciallightsthatbrightenwhenthevehicleisactive.Itsartificialintellig

encehelpsitavoidbarriers.Itisalsoabletovaryitspathinordertoprotectareasofgrass.However,itcannotfindthe

objects,whichcanweighuptoeightkilograms,orpickthemuponitsown.Apersonhastotravelwiththedevice,pickuptheobjectsandputtheminit.Then,w

ithapressofabutton,thevehicletransportstheequipmenttowhereitneedstogo.TakeshiKuwabaratookchargeoftherobots‘development.Hesaiditwasdesignedtot

eamrobotsandhumans."Ouraimwastoleveragethestrengthsofbothhumansandrobots,"hesaid.Thecarmakerplanstousethegame

stopresentitsnewvehicletechnologies.Theseincludebusesfueledbyaspecialkindofbattery,andself-drivingtaxis.Toyotaiscompetingwithotherc

armakersandtechnologycompaniestodeveloplowcost,robot-controlledcarsandelectricvehicles.1．Whydoestheauthormentionrobotsinthefirstparagraph?A．Toatt

ractourinterestinrobottechnology.B．Toshowusnewrobottechnologyinthe21stcentury.C．Toencouragecreationofnewrobots.D．Tointroducetherobots

intheOlympicGames.2．Whatisthefeatureofthe"fieldsupportrobot"?A．Itcanworkindividuallyinthefield.B．Itcansensebarriersandchangeitsway

.C．ItisaToyotaride-sharingvehicle.D．Itcanfindandpickupanything.3．WhatisthepurposeofthecarmakertousemanyrobotsintheOlympicGames?A．Tos

howitsnewvehicletechnologies.B．Tohelpsavethenaturalresources.C．Tocutdownthecostoftheservice.D．Tofreepeoplefro

mheavywork.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．RobotShowsinthe2020Olympics.B．Toyota's-Supportforthe2020Olympics.C．

RobotAssistantsinthe2020Olympics.D．RobotCompetitioninthe2020Olympics.Passage4（2020·湖南高三二模）It‘s13:30and28-year-oldMartenPella'ssmartphon

estartspinging,asignalthatit‘stimeforustostopworkingaroundhislivingroomtableandinsteadstartourworkoutroutinetogether.Acart

ooncharacterwearingbrightredshortsonvideobeginsinstructingustodostar-jumpsandsit-upsaroundhisapartment.Pella,aresearch

assistantatStockholmUniversity,ispartoftheHofficemovement,whichinvitesworkers-freelancers（自由职业者）orfull-timeempl

oyeeswhocandotheirjobsremotely—toworkateachother‘shomestoincreaseproductivityandenjoyanactivesociallife.Thoseattend

ingHofficeeventsadvertisedonFacebookaretypicallyaskedtoworksilentlyin45-minuteblocks,beforetakingshortbreaksto

gethertoexercise,orsimplychattingoveracoffee.Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andis

invitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.―OftenwhenIamalone,Icanworkfocusedfora

coupleofhoursbutthenI‘measilydistracted（分心）.Thehelpofothersmakesmesomuchmoredisciplined.‖saysPella,whoattend

sHofficeeventsasbothaguestandahost.Lunchesmeannetworkingandconnectingwithnewcontacts.―Peoplearecomingfromreallydifferentareasa

ndhavedifferentprofessionssotherecanbereallyinterestingdiscussions,‖hesays.TheHofficemovementhasgrownquicklysinceitwasfounded

in2014bySwedishpsychologistChristoferFranzen,now37.Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollective（集体的）intelligence,butrealisedhewasspend

ingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.―Iwantedtotestmorestructuredhomeco-workingwithfriendsinsimilarsitu

ations,‖hesays.Franzensaysthatholdingeventsinhousesandapartmentscreatesauniqueatmosphere,becausethere‘sasenseofcommunityanddesiretocontribut

e.He‘slookingforwaystoexpandthesocialvalueofHoffice,bymatchingupmemberswithrelevantskillstoshareandevenencour

agingjobseekerstojoinitsgatherings.1．WhereisPellawhenhissmartphonestartspinging?A．Inhisownhome.B．Inhisoffice.C．Inanotherperson‘shome.

D．AtStockholmUniversity.2．WhatdopeopleattendingHofficeeventsdofirstwhentheymeet?A．Watchanexercisevideo.B．Worksilentlyfor45minutes.C．Telleachothe

rtheirdailyplans.D．Reportwhattheyhaveachieved.3．WhatdoesFranzenreallymeanbysaying―friendsinsimilarsituations‖?A．Theyusuallyworkalon

e.B．Theyoftengivelectures.C．Theystudycollectiveintelligence.D．Theyhavetoworkatakitchentable.4．Whatisthebesttitleforth

etext?A．SharingComfortableWorkplacesB．ANewWaytoMakeNewFriendsC．BenefitsofCollectiveIntelligenceD．WorkingfromOthers‘Homes题组一Passage1(2020·新课标II卷，

A)【答案】21．C22．A23．D【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。21．细节理解题。根据题干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House

:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C.11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。22．细节理解题。根据题干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museu

m可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfro

mStIves.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合

以上说法，故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据题干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town:Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D.Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。Pas

sage2(2020·新课标II卷，B)【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24．细节理解题。根据第二段中„foundchildrenwhopla

ywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发

展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingford

ifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异

性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。26．细节

理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougher

puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。

Passage3(2020·新课标III卷，C)【答案】28．B29．A30．C31．D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28．细节理解

题。根据第三段―butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.‖可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布

里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。29．推理判断题。根据第五段―AndwhatdoesNickthink?―Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Ye

s,IthinkIwould.‖可知，尼克是怎么想的?―从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。‖由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30．细节理解题。根据第六段―Officialr

eportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.‖官方报告显示，三代同堂的家

庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段―Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in

1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.‖可知，据说，25-34岁的

年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段―Wi

ththeyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.‖可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年

人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。Passage4(2020·新课标I卷，C)【答案】28．C29．D30．A31．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸

多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport‘srulesrequirethataracewalker‘skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandone

footremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运

动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。29．细节理解题。根据最后一段―Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasr

unner‘sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.‖可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。30．细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话―Infact,

anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技

巧。)‖可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。31．推理判断题。根据第一段―Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows

,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.‖可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走

的态度是客观的。故选B项。题组二Passage1【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。21.B【解析】细节理解题。根据SummerCompany部分中的“S

ummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto＄3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“SummerCompany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。

“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runnnewbusinesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据StewardshipY

outhRangerProgram部分中的第二段“Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月3

1日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23.D【解析】细节理解题。根据SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的

最后一段最后一句“Whoiseligible:...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些职位是

给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。Passage2【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧AnimalsOutofPaper的ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpre

senttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigamiartistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.可知，RajivJoseph创作的的话剧是关于折

纸的一种艺术。故选A。22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧TheAudience的StephenDaldrydirects.可知，本剧是StephenDaldry导演的。故选D。23.C【解析】细节理解题。根

据话剧Hamilton的Li-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamiltoninwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedas

animmigrantstory.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。Passage3【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行

基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍和分析。32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys„Theresearchesthentestedhow„”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进

行了培训。故C选项正确。33.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreen„Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthes

creen,theywouldberewardedwithsevendrops„;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwith„”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一

端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。B选项正确。34.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Themonkeyswouldgoforthehigh

ervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination”和第五段中的“Whenadd

ingtwonumbers„”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C选项。35.D【解析】推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知

，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家MargaretLivingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板块。故D选项正确。Passage4【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这

些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的Atpresent,thesetechnologiesa

restillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsar

oundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。29.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingth

ingsliketheforceofauser‘stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeo

ple‘sidentities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。30.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世

。故选B。31.D【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是关于科技，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本杂志。故选D。题组三Passage1【文章大意】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。

文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。21.A【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的gocamping，我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wildcamping(野外露营)这

个关键信息。故选A。22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的withWilson，我们锁定在第二个活动；根据OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonD

ay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.可知，星期一是去伦敦并在伦敦住一夜，第二天也就是星期二到法国北部参观一站战场。故选D。23.A【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的

信息PottyaboutPotterlast我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键信息overnight意为―一夜的逗留‖。故这个活动是持续两天。故选A。Passage2【文章大意】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去HolkerHall&Gard

en旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Bycar里Approximatetraveltimes后面内容可知，从Manc

hester到Holker要用1hourand30minutes，即90分钟，故选D。22.B【解析】细节理解题。根据AdmissionCharges可知，团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9英镑。故选B。23.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段WinterMarket中最后一句

Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去WinterMarket。故选D。Pass

age3【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。24.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeing

wheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexa

mple,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽

约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。25.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100of

thesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。26.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中andwhentheyheardtherewer

enewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.A【解析】

主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。Passage4【文

章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。36.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainalls

prinkler(喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguishers(灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。37.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章FireAl

arms中的句子Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、

烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。38.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章FireDrills中的句子TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.和Exitimmediatelyfr

omthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章FireExtinguishers中的句子Misuseofafir

eextinguisherwillresultinfines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。40.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章SmokeDetector中的句子Ifyoursmokedetectorisw

orkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动），contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯

是否闪动。故选D。题组四Passage1（2020·荆门市龙泉中学高三月考）【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名漫画作者斯坦·李的生前事迹，他被认为是漫画史上最具传奇色彩的人物

之一，也是漫威漫画崛起背后的主要创作力量。同时他也认为娱乐活动是人们生活中最重要的事情之一。62．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lee‘scharactersoftenhavesuperpowers,buttheyalsohaveweaknesses.”可知Lee创作出的角色是有弱点的，结合

下文“ThismadeMarvelcomicbookheroesstandapartfromitscompetitorDC”可知，这正是使得他所在公司漫威漫画公司不同于DC公司角色的原因。故选D。63．细节理解题

。第六段倒数第二句“thenIbegantorealize:entertainmentisoneofthemostimportantthingsinpeople‘slives.”Lee意识到娱乐是人们生活中最重要的事情之一，故选B。64．细节理

解题。最后一段倒数第二句“―NoonehashadmoreofanimpactonmycareerthanStanLee,‖Feigesaid.”可知Feige说没有人比斯坦·李对他的职业生涯影响更大了，故选A。65

．主旨大意题。文章属于人物传记类文章，主要围绕斯坦·李的生前事迹进行展开。且文章第一段第一句已经点明“LegendarycomicbookwriterStanLeehasdiedattheageof95”斯坦李的去世是写这篇文章的初衷，故综合选项C选项最切合题意。Passage2

（2020·天津和平区耀华中学高三一模）【答案】20．D21．D22．B23．C24．B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了铁人三项赛的创立和历史上第一位铁人三项赛冠军。20．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内

容“Yetonlyonedefinitionofthetermtrulylivesuptoitsname:theIronmantriathlonheldannuallyinHawaii,apicturesqueset

tingforachallengingrace(然而，只有一种定义名副其实：每年在风景如画的夏威夷举行的铁人三项赛)”可知，本文所指的应是“铁人三项赛”，是一种运动比赛。故选D项。21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“attheendoftheday,hebecamet

hefirstIronmanchampioninhistory”可知，他成为了历史上第一个铁人三项冠军。选项D“HewasthechampioninthefirstIronmanTriathlon.”与

原文内容表达信息一致。故选D项。22．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“whichdemandsamazingphysicalprowessandtheabilitytoswim,bike,andrunamarathon,allinlessthan12hourswithnobreak.”可知，a

nd为并列连词，划线单词应是与之后的ability为并列结构，同义表达，ability句中指“能力”，由此可推知“prowess”应是“技能”含义。故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Theraceo

riginatedinasomewhatamusingway.Themembersofthetwopopularsportsclubs,theMid-PacificRoadRunnersofHonoluluandtheWaikikiSwimClubofOahu,hadalong-

standingandgood-natureddebategoingoverwhomadebetterathletes:runnersorswimmers.However,somelocalbikesthoughtbothclubswerewron

g,claimingthatthey,infact,deservedthetitle.Wantingtosettlethedisputeonceandforall,theydecidedtocombine

threeseparateracesalreadyheldannuallyontheislandintoonemassivetestofendurance.(这场比赛以某种有趣的方式开始。火奴鲁鲁的中太平洋公路赛跑者和瓦胡岛的怀基基游泳俱乐部这两个受欢迎的体育俱乐部的成员就谁是

更好的运动员进行了一场长期友好的辩论：赛跑者还是游泳者。然而，一些当地自行车俱乐部认为这两个俱乐部都错了，声称他们事实上应该获得冠军。为了一劳永逸地解决争议，他们决定将岛上每年举行的三场独立比赛合并成一场耐力的大规模测试。)”可知，设立这项比赛的初衷是综合比赛可以帮助选择最具运

动能力的运动员。故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容Hequicklyscannedthefewpagesofrulesandinstructions,andonthelastpagehediscoveredasentencethatwouldbecometherace‘sfam

ousslogan:―Swim2.4miles!Bike112miles!Run26.2miles!Bragfortherestofyourlife!‖Hallertookthattoheart,andatth

eendoftheday,hebecamethefirstIronmanchampioninhistory(他迅速浏览了几页规则和说明，在最后一页，他发现了一句将成为比赛著名口号的话：“游2.4英里！自行车112英里！跑26.2milcsl吹牛一辈子！”Haller将

此铭记于心，最终，他成为历史上第一位铁人三项冠军)可知，他没有仔细浏览规则，受到口号的激励而奋勇拼搏成为历史上第一位铁人三项冠军。选项B“Hallermaynothaveknowntherulesofitbeforehes

howedupfortheevent.”(Haller在参加比赛前可能不知道比赛规则。)为合理推断。故选B项。Passage3（2020·湖南高三二模）【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述

了丰田公司向公众展示了一系列为2020东京奥运会准备的智能机器人和载具，分别介绍了它们的不同功用。1．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Alltheserobotsarepartofpreparationsforthe20

20OlympicGamesinTokyo,Japan.”可知，第一段介绍的机器人都是与比赛相关的，到第二段就指明了它们都是为奥运会而准备的。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Itsartific

ialintelligencehelpsitavoidbarriers.Itisalsoabletovaryitspathinordertoprotectareasofgrass.”可知，场地支持机器人可以避开障碍物，为此而改变行进路线。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Theca

rmakerplanstousethegamestopresentitsnewvehicletechnologies.”可知，丰田公司打算借助这次奥运会来展示其新型车辆技术。故选A项。4．主旨大意题。只从第一段中列举的这些机器人来看：收集物品

、清理场地的机器人，虚拟出席的人形机器人以及迎宾的吉祥物机器人，都是用来辅助、支持赛事相关的，C选项“2020奥运会的机器人助手”最贴合文章主题。故选C项。Passage4（2020·湖南高三二模）【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。1．细节理解题。根据第一段―MartenPe

llassmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit‘stimeforustostopworkingaroundhislivingroomtable‖可知下午1点半，28岁的

马腾·配拉(MårtenPella)的智能手机响了起来，这表示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以MartenPella电话响起的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故答案为A。2．细节理解题。根据第三段

“Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthematt

heendoftheday.”可知，另外，每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为C。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Hehadbeengivinglecturesontheben

efitsofcollectiveintelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自

一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为A。4．主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工

作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。