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科学知识图谱方法与应用绘制图谱的主要软件操作侯海燕博士大连理工大学人文社会科学学院科技伦理与科技管理研究中心网络-科学-信息-经济计量实验室WISELAB2009年9月12日讲座提纲科学知识图谱的主要研究方法科学知识图

谱的主要数据来源科学知识图谱的主要应用软件绘制图谱的软件操作演示科学知识图谱的主要研究方法Methods共引分析Co-citationanalysisJournalco-citationanalysis(JCA)期刊共引分析Authorco-cit

ationanalysis(ACA)作者共引分析Documentco-citationanalysis(DCA)文献共引分析共词分析Co-wordanalysis关键词共词分析Co-wordanalysisofkeywords主

题词共词分析Co-wordanalysisoftitlewords多元统计分析方法因子分析（主成分分析）factoranalysisPCA多维尺度分析MDS-multidimensionalscaling聚类分析Clusteranalysis词频分

析方法Frequencyanalysisofwords社会网络分析方法Socialnetworkanalysis科学知识图谱的主要数据来源Data主要数据来源：WebofScience科学文献数据：《科学引文索引》数据库(SCI)《社会科学引文索引》数据库(SSCI)专利文献数据：

德温特创新索引DerwentInnovationsIndex国际会议文献数据：ConferenceProceedingsCitationIndex-Science(CPCI-S)分析的基本数据单元：作者autho

r标题title关键词keywords摘要Abstract引文citedreferences(被引作者、被引期刊、被引文献）作者地址（机构合作、国家合作）应用的主要软件Software——共引分析、共词分析软件Bibexcelhttp://www.umu.se/inforsk/

Bibexcel/---afree-wareon-linedevelopedbyOllePerssonbibliometricscitationanalysisco-citationanalysisbibliographiccouplingclusteranaly

sisSPSS多元统计分析及可视化软件Correlationanalysis,PCA(factoranalysis),MDS,clusteranalysisWordsmithTools词频分析软件Frequencyanalysisofwords应用的主要软件Softwar

e科学计量学主要的分支学科及其代表人物图3-1科学计量学学科结构知识图谱，1978-2004210-1-2-3210-1-2-3zuckermanhwhite_hdvlachy_jvinklerpvanraanafjtijssenrjwthelwallmsmall_hschubertarou

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entermpcallon_mbrookesbcbraun_tbradfordscbonitz_mbeaverddarunachalams引文分析理论科研指标与评价科学交流科学知识图谱文献计量学网络计量学信

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am_docadminsciquartadmsciqacmtinformsystacadmanagerevacadmanagej1科技政策与科技管理ScienceandTechnologyPolicyandManagement2科学计量学、信息计量学、

网络计量学、科学心理学、科学社会学、科学教育学Scientometrics,,Informetrics,Webometrics,PsychologyofScience,SociologyofScience,EducationofScience4科学史与科学哲学、公众理解科学、科技伦理学、科学社会学

HistoryandPhilosophyofScience,PublicUnderstandingofScience,Scientificcommunication,EthicsofS&T,SociologyofScience-5奶制品学DairyScience3科学计

量学、信息计量学、网络计量学、图书馆与情报科学、计算机科学Scientometrics,Informetrics,Webometrics,LibraryandInformationScience,ComputerScien

ce科学学学科结构知识图谱期刊共引图谱JournalCo-citationMap53124科学计量学与相邻学科关系图3-4科学计量学与相邻学科关系知识图谱2.01.51.0.50.0-.5-1.0-1.5-2.01.51.0.50.0-.5-1.0-1.5white_hdvonh

ippelevlachy_jvinklerpvanrijsbergencjvanraanafjthelwallmteece_djswansondrspink_asmall_hsimon_hashapin_sschubertasara

cevictsalton_grousseaurrosenbergnrobertsonsepricedjdpavitt_kpatel_poecdnelsonrrnarin_fmulkay_mmoravcsikmjmoed_hfmertonrkmcca

inkwmartinbrmansfieldemackenziedline_mbleydesdorffllatour_blancasterfwkuhn_tskuhlthauccingwersenpharterspgrilicheszglanzelwgarfi

eldefreemancellis_degghe_ldosi_gdervin_bcronin_bcollinshmcole_scole_jrcohen_wmcallon_mburrellqlbrookesbcbraun_tborgmanclbookst

einabloor_dbelkinnjbates_mjbarnes_b1科学计量学Scientometrics3图书馆与信息科学Library&InformationScience2科技政策与管理ScienceandTechnologyPolicyandmanagement4科学知识社会学

SociologyofScientificKnowledge科学计量学主流研究领域知识图谱，1978-20043210-1-21.51.0.50.0-.5-1.0-1.5distrisciproductivbibliometr

icsauthorco-citbibliometricindicatciteddocumentsco-citofscispeciaco-citmappingsciclusteringco-citgeographyofscigraphingspecialtiesc

o-citationinscilinternationalcollabscientometricindicapublioutputcitimpsitationsbibliometrictheorycitationmeasurescollaborationininvnetworkso

fscipapelittlescibigscilinkageuss&tscientificcooperatievaluativebibliometcitationsresearchperformanceuniv

-resperformancesociologyscimattheweffectassessingbasicreseortegahypothesisinternationalscicointernationalscicofre

quencydistributisciactionlaboratorylifestructureofscirevresearchcollaboraticitationbehaviorscimappingresplanscientomet

ricdistriscientometricdistriscientometricdistriquantitativestudyoreferencingnewproductionknowlcommunicationessenccitationanaly

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icationinscicitationprocessinvisiblecollegessocialstratificatioortegahypothesiscontent-anareferencmappingdyn

amicsscico-wordanalysisbradfordslawpublioutputcitimpscientometricindicabradford'slawco-citco-wordcollaborationcollaborationcollabor

ation科学计量学研究前沿知识图谱MappingresearchfrontsofScientometrics1978-20041引文理论、科学交流、基础科研评价Citationtheory,ScienceCommunication,Ba

sicResearchAssessment5科学计量学指标与国家科研绩效评价ScientificIndicatorandevaluationofnationalresearchperformance4科学计量学经典概率分布、文献计量学定律

、信息计量学ScientometricsDistribution,Bibliometricslaw,Informetrics1243科学技术合作CollaborationinS&T2科学知识图谱理论与方法、网络计量学MappingofScie

nce,Webometrics7科学与技术的关系linkagebetweenscienceandtechnology5Science(s)(tific)31Scientometric(s)21Citation17

Research17Impact16Nations(al),Countries16Indicators15Publication(s)15Journal(s)13Field(s),Areas,,Subfields12Chemistry(cal)10Output10Bibliometr

ic9International(ization),World8Assessment(s)6Laser6Performance(s)6Physics64Distribution(s)22Science(tific)14Scientometric

(s)12Productivity9Bibliometric(s)8Model,Patterns6Research6Author(s),Scientists8Citation(s)5Function5Informetric(s)5Law5Application(s),Applied4Brad

ford4Frequency4Publication(s)43Science(s)(tific)50Collaboration(tive)37Research(ers)27International20Authorship(s)14Publication(s)8Countries

,National7Papers6Bibliometric5Cooperation5Model(ling)5Multiple5Physics(al)5Technology(ical)51Citation(s),Cited81Science(s)

(tific)60Research35Theory,Theories,Theoretical25Indicator(s)22Papers,Article(s)19Author(s),Scientists17Journal(s)17Model,Patterns15Evalu

ation,Assessment15Bibliometric14Scientometric(s)14Publication(s)13Measure(ment)(ing)12Comparison(ati

ve)10Reference(s)10Comments9Social,Sociology9Methods,Methodological9Network(s)9Structure(ral)9Performance8OrtegaHypothesis

7Communication6Area,Field62Science(tific)51Citation(s),Cocitation42Research21Mapping,Maps18Area(s),Disciplines,Domains,Specialties13Method(S)(o

logical)11Model(s),Patterns11Journal(s)10Scientometric(s)10Theory(ies)10Bibliometric(s)9Information9Networ

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cs46Technology,Patent(s),Biotechnology,Inventors18Science(tific)15Research9TripleHelix,Industry,Government,Univer

sity,Hybrid8Citation(s)8Knowledge5Patterns4Area(s),Field(s)47Technology(ical),Patent(s),Biotechnology,Nanotechnology,Inventors18Science(s)(tific)1

3Citation(s).Cited8TripleHelix,Government,University,Hybrid5Relations,Related,Linkages4Knowledge4Domains,Fields,Interdisciplinarity46知

识的新产品-科技动力学Newproductionofknowledge:DynamicsofScienceandTechnology76科学计量学研究领域的演变图4-81978-1986年科学计量学主流研究领域知识图谱3210-1-21.0.50.0-.5-1.0zipfgk,1949,h

umanyablonskyai,1980,vlachyj,1978,v1,smallhg,1977,v7,smallhg,1976,v3,smallh,1974,v4,psmallh,1973,v24,s

imonha,1955,v42,pricedjd,1981,v3,pricedjd,1980,p19pricedjd,1976,v27pricedjd,1970,p3,pricedjd,1966,v21pricedjd,19

65,v14pricedjd,1963,litnarinf,1976,evalunarinf,1975,v26,moravcsikmj,1984,moravcsikmj,1975,mertonrk,196

8,v15lotkaaj,1926,v16,lindseyd,1978,scikaplann,1965,v16,haitunsd,1982,v4,haitunsd,1982,v4,haitunsd,1982,v4,hagstromwo,1965,sgriffith

bc,1979,vgriffithbc,1974,vgilbertgn,1978,v1gilbertgn,1977,v7gilbertgn,1974,v4garveywd,1979,comgarfielde,197

9,v1garfielde,1979,cigarfielde,1977,p5garfielde,1972,v1framejd,1977,v7,endlerns,1978,v33edged,1979,v17,pcraned,1972

,inviscoles,1967,v32,pcolejr,1973,sociacohenje,1980,v2,chubinde,1975,v5,chubind,1976,v17,brookesbc,1969,v2bradfordsc,1948,dbeaverdd,19

79,v1,beaverdd,1978,v1,andersonrc,1978,v科学计量学研究前沿知识图谱MappingResearchFrontsofScientometrics1978-198615引文理论与科学出版评价、科学合作Citationtheo

ry,Evaluationofscientificpublication,Scientificcollaboration671Science(tific)14Scientometric(s)8Comment(s)7World,Intern

ational7Research6Citation(s)5Multidimensional(ity)5Publication(s),Publishing5Activities4Applications,Applied4Distribution(s)

4Life4Quantitative4Evaluation(ing),Assessment3Group(s)3Impact3Journals3Patterns3Rate(s)3Size32Science(s)(tific)33Citation(s),Cited,Citing26Resear

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ent5Indicator(s)5Multiple5Social,Sociology5Field,Specialties5History(ical)4Impact4Measurement(ing)4Nation,Countries4Output43Scie

nce(tific)33Citation(s),Cited,Citing,Cocitation22Research15Field,Specialties,Disciplines9Authorship6M

odel,Patterns6Multiple6Article(s),Papers5Output5Collaboration4Growth4Indicators44Science(s)(tific)47Distributi

on(s)14Literature,Papers,Article(s)12Citation11Research11Patterns,Model10Journal(s)9Scientometric(s)8Au

thorship6Collaboration6Countries,National6Physics6Price6Productivity6Chemistry5Impact5Indicator(s)5International5Multi

ple5Publication5Bibliometric(s)4Bradford4Law4Measure(ment)45Science(tific)20Citation(s),Cited,Cocitation11Journal(s)8Research8Authorshi

p7Papers,Articles7Evaluation(ing),Assessment6Multiple6Collaboration5Author(s)(ed)4Disciplines,Field4Impact4Performance4Pro

ductivity4Publication4Scientometric46Citation8Science(s)(tific)7Journal(s)5Comparison(s)(ive)3Impact3Physics3Publication(s)37世界科学产出分布Distributionofo

utputofworldscienceScience(tific),Scientifically6World(s),International4Data2Literature,Papers2Output21科学计量学分布理论Scientometrics

Distribution2引文理论、科学交流、科学合作Citationtheory,Scientificcommunication,scientificcollaboration3科学知识图谱理论与方法、科学合作MappingofScienc

e,Scientificcollaboration4科学计量学经典概率分布、文献计量学定律、科学合作ScientometricsDistribution,Bibliometricslaw,Scientificc

ollaboration6引文分析与期刊评价Citationanalysis,Evaluationofjournals科学计量学研究领域的演变图4-101987-1995年科学计量学主流研究领域知识图谱210-1-2-31.51.0.50.0-.5-1.0-1.5

vinklerp,1988,v13velhol,1986,v9,pvanraanafj,1988,hsmallh,1985,v8,psmallh,1985,v7,psmallh,1985,v11,smallh,1974,v4,psmallh,197

3,v24,schuberta,1990,v1schuberta,1989,v1schuberta,1986,v9ripa,1984,v6,p38pricedjd,1976,v27pricedjd,1966,v21pricedjd,1965,v14pricedjd,1963,litpe

tershpf,1993,v2narinf,1976,evalumoravcsikmj,1984,moravcsikmj,1975,moedhf,1985,v14,mertonrk,1968,v15martinbr,1987,v3

3martinbr,1983,v12macrobertsmh,1987,macrobertsmh,1986,lotkaaj,1926,v16,leydesdorffl,1988,leimkuhlerff,1967,ku

hnts,1970,struckrauskopfm,1986,virvinej,1985,v316healeyp,1986,v15,haitunsd,1982,v4,gilbertgn,1977,v7garfielde,1979,cigarfielde,1972,v1f

ramejd,1979,v9,framejd,1977,v2,egghel,1990,introedged,1979,v17,pcourtialjp,1989,vcolejr,1973,sociacolejr,1972,v178,callonm,1986,mappcallonm,19

83,v22,brookesbc,1969,v2braunt,1988,v14,braunt,1988,v14,braunt,1988,v13,braunt,1987,v12,braunt,1987,v11,braunt,1987,v

11,braunt,1985,scienbradfordsc,1934,vbeaverdd,1979,v1,beaverdd,1978,v1,arunachalams,1985,arunachalams,1981,anders

onj,1988,v1科学计量学研究前沿知识图谱MappingResearchFrontsofScientometrics1987-199514新新1Science(s)(tific)45Citation(s),Cocitation

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Journal(s)10Indicators9Case8Dynamic(s)8Development(s)7Information7Measure(ing)(ment)7Method(s)6Model(s)6Performance6Price6Publi

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arison(ative)7Development7Distribution7Index73Citation(s),Cited36Science(s)(tific)34Research23Indicator(s)19Bibliometric15Journal(s)14Meas

ure(ing)(ment)11Ortega10Performance10Hypothesis9Publication(s)9Scientometric(s)9Assessment(ing),Evaluation8Comparison(ative)8Literature,Art

icles,Papers8Model(s),Patterns8Field(s),Discipline7Impact7Scientists6University64Science(s)(tific)22Distribution(s)20Res

earch13Law12Bradford11Indicator(s)11Scientometric(s)10Case9Citation(s),Cited8Literature,Papers8Publication(s),Publishing8Models,Pa

tterns7Theory(etical)7Productivity65Science(s)(tific)47Research25Collaboration(ive),Cooperation(ive)21Citation,Cited1

6Journal(s)16Publication(s)13International12Papers,Literature11Bibliometric(s)10Patterns,Models(ing)9Countries7Indicator(s)7Physics(cal)7Scientomet

ric(s)7Fields,Specialty6Growth66Science(s)(tific)32Research24Bibliometric(s)13Indicators9Countries,Nat

ional9Publication(s)9Citation(s),Cited8Fields,Areas,Specialization8Assessment(s)(ing)7World,International7Performance7Development6Journal(s)6Scien

tometric(s)62科研指标与国家科研绩效评价ScientificIndicatorandevaluationofnationalresearchperformance5科学合作ScientificCollaboration1科学知识

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icsDistribution,Bibliometricslaw,Informetrics6国家科研绩效的文献计量学评价Bibliometricevaluationofnationalresearchperformance科学计量学研究领域的演变图4-121996-2004年

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vthelwallm,2001,v5smithag,1999,v55,smallh,1985,v8,psmallh,1974,v4,psmallh,1973,v24,seglenpo,1992,v43schuberta,1990,v1schub

erta,1989,v1schuberta,1986,v9schmochu,1993,v26rousseaur,1997,v1pricedjd,1976,v27pricedjd,1970,p3,pricedjd,1965,v14pricedjd,1

963,litnederhofaj,1989,vnarinf,1998,v41,narinf,1997,v26,narinf,1992,v21,narinf,1991,v21,narinf,1976,e

valumoedhf,1995,v46,moedhf,1995,v33,moedhf,1985,v14,meyerm,2000,v29,mertonrk,1968,v15meling,1996,v36,mayrm,1997,v275,martinbr,198

3,v12macrobertsmh,1996,macrobertsmh,1989,luukkonent,1997,vluukkonent,1993,vluukkonent,1992,vlotkaaj,1926,v16,leydesdorffl,1995

,lewisong,1993,v27letaj,1996,v35,platourb,1987,scikatzjs,1997,v26,jaina,1992,v23,pingwersenp,1998,vha

rsanyima,1993,vgrilichesz,1990,vglanzelw,1997,v40glanzelw,1995,v21glanzelw,1994,v30glanzelw,1994,v30gilbertgn,1977,v7gibbonsm,1994,newgar

fielde,1979,cigarfielde,1972,v1framejd,1979,v9,framejd,1977,v2,egghel,1990,introcroninb,1984,citacallonm,1986,mappb

raunt,1995,v33,braunt,1985,scienbradfordsc,1934,vbraamrr,1991,v42,beaverdd,1979,v1,beaverdd,1979,v1,beaverdd,1978,v1,almindtc,1997,v53

科学计量学研究前沿知识图谱MappingResearchFrontsofScientometrics1996-2004134新新1Citations,Cited80Science(s)(tific)71Resea

rch39Journal(s)25Theory(ies)(etical)24Indicators22Bibliometric21Scientometric(s)19Approaches,Methods(ological)18Literature,Papers,Article16Cou

ntry(ies),National13Author(s)12Maps(ping)12Comments11Information11International,World11Patterns,Model11

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ion(ive),Cooperation42International(ization)29Citation(s)27Research27Bibliometric20Patterns,Model(ling)20Country(ies),National,Multinational17Publ

ications,Publishing17Literature,Papers14Journal(s)13Authorship(s)12Brazil(ian)11Indicators9Researchers,Scientis

ts9China(ese)8Networks8Case7Impact7Measures(ing)7Productivity7Theory(etical)7University(ies)73Science(s)(ti

fic)74Citation(s),Cited62Research58Journals39Impact30Bibliometric29Scientometric(s)28Country(ies),National26I

ndicators24International,World23Publications,Published20Literature,Papers,Articles18Patterns,Model(ling)16Fields,Areas13Factors12Measures,Measuring11

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aboration6Comments6India(n)6Output6Quality6Technology6Theories64科学与技术的关系、科学知识动力学LinkagebetweenS&T,Dynamicsofscientificknowledge5网络计量学Webometrics6S

cience(s)(tific)33Model(ling),Patterns14Research14Bibliometric(s)12Literature,Article,Papers10Productivity9Authors7Collaboration7Journal(s)7Theoretic

al77科学文献老化模型Agingofscientificliterature7Citations,Cited11Science(tific)8Bibliometric5Journals5Ageing,Obsolescence,L

ate,Delays5Impact4Distribution3Method,Approach3Field,Interdisciplinary2International2Literature,Article2Model(ling)2Self

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rformance,Theoryofcitation2科学合作，信息计量学Scientificcollaboration,Informetrics1引文理论、科学知识图谱理论与方法、科技政策Theoryofcitation,MappingofSc

ience,S&Tpolicy4Patent(s)(ing),Technology(ical),Biotechnology,Nanotechnology59Science(s)(tific)32Citat

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ebometrics17Link(ed)(ing)(s),Inlinks,Outlinks,Interlinking,Hyperlink12Academic5Case4Citations4Patterns,Model(ling)4Research4Data3Disciplinary,Are

a3Europe(n)3Informetric(s)3Method(s)(ological)3Country,National3Scientific3Self3University3PajekSocialnetworkanalysisUCINETSocial

networkanalysis应用的主要软件Software——社会网络分析软件、可视化软件UCINET最流行的社会网分析软件，其中包括一维与二维数据分析的NetDraw，同时集成了Pajek用于大型网络分析的免费应用软件程序。http://www.analytictech.com/不同的

社会网软件的文件都具有自己的格式，但是也可以自由转换。譬如，利用UCINET软件可以读取文本文件、KrackPlot、Pajek、Negopy、VNA等格式的文件。PajekPajek(ProgramAnalysisforLargeNetwork),由卢布尔雅那大学的VladimirB

atagelj和AndrejMrvar于1997年1月15日正式发布0.1版，是一项基于Windows的免费社会科学软件，主要用于社会网络分析，特点是可视化。该软件可以提供非商业应用的免费下载，下载网址:http://vlado.fm

f.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/CreatPajek可以把excel格式的文件转换为Pajek格式的软件。科学计量学合作网络知识图谱，1978-200415122152118161114221317341081997206Centralau

thorsofsub-networks(numberofco-workers)1GlanzelW(18)2MoedHF(13)3KretschmerH,LiangLM(7)4CourtialJP(7)5GomezI(7)6GargKC(7)7NarinF(6)8A

rvanitisR,Narvaez-BerthelemotN(4)9MeyerM(5)10RousseauR(9)11DavisM，MarkusovaVA(4)12GuptaBM(8)13PerssonO(7)14ZittM(5)15OkuboY(5)16GonzalezRN,QuimbyFW

,DeshlerJD,RivasAL(3)17GruppH(4)18LuwelM(4)19LetaJ(2)20ShirabeM(2)21BrucknerE,BonitzM,ScharnhorstA(2)22FrancoisC,La

mirelJC,PolancoX(2)科学计量学合作网络结构的演变图5-4科学计量学合作网络的微观结构图谱，1978-1986科学计量学合作网络结构的演变图5-5科学计量学合作网络的微观结构图谱，1987-1995科学计量学合作网络结构的演变图5-6科

学计量学合作网络的微观结构图谱，1996-2004应用的主要软件Software——多视角共引分析可视化软件citespace---afree-wareon-linedevelopedbyChaomeiC

hen1、通过引文网络分析，找出学科领域演化的关键路径2、找出学科领域演化的关键点文献（知识拐点）3、分析学科前沿热点4、探测学科知识基础文献共引图谱国际纳米研究领域的主要期刊分布图谱物理期刊化学期刊、纳米期刊、及其他期刊共引图谱物理期刊化学期刊、纳米期刊

、及其他期刊共引图谱期刊共引图谱作者共引图谱作者合作网络图谱2纳米粒子1纳米薄膜、纳米晶体、纳米线、纳米结构、碳纳米管4纳米管吸附、纳米硅6纳米棒阵列、氧化锌纳米线3光谱分析、纳米金、纳米簇5纳米复合材料、纳米输运、纳米器件、纳米技术、纳米场效应晶体管7碳纳米管场发射机理8纳米传感

器、蛋白质纳米技术图9国际纳米研究热点知识图谱共词图谱2纳米粒子1纳米薄膜、纳米晶体、纳米线、纳米结构、碳纳米管4纳米管吸附、纳米硅6纳米棒阵列、氧化锌纳米线3光谱分析、纳米金、纳米簇5纳米复合材料、纳米输运、纳米器件、纳米技术、纳米场效应晶体管7碳

纳米管场发射机理图9国际纳米研究热点知识图谱8纳米传感器、蛋白质纳米技术共词图谱CiteSpace软件介绍学科领域图谱TheCiteSpaceHomepagehttp://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespaceCi

teSpace始开发于2004年9月13日，于2007年3月20日最近更新(CiteSpace2.0.11b)由美国德雷克塞尔大学（费城）信息科学与技术学院（TheCollegeofInformationScie

nceandTechnology,DrexelUniversity）ChaomeiChen教授研究开发。ChaomeiChen教授研究的InformationVisualization–CiteSpace是近几年来在全美信息分析中最具有特色和影响力的可视化信息软件。

从2000年至今，在这一研究领域中ChaomeiChen教授发表了研究论文65篇，出版了6部研究专著。现担任美国《InformationVisualization》期刊的总编。CiteSpace是Java的应用程序，可免费获得使用。http://cluster.cis.drexel

.edu/~cchen/citespace/download.html它要求JRE1.4.2或是更高的版本作为运行环境。尽管CiteSpace能够通过PubMed或者大量的网络服务获取额外的信息，但是互联网对CiteSpace而言并不是必须的。citespace输入的数据文

件应该是ISI输出的格式，即从webofscience下载的格式。citespace带有一个数据转换器，可以将从网络上保存的数据进行转换。软件运行之前的基本步骤：1.为citespace准备数据。将数据文件放在一个文件夹。每个数据文件名必须以“d

ownload”开头，并以“.txt”结尾，例如“download-mass-extinction-2006.txt”2.开始用citespace创建一个新的项目之前，你需要具体制定两个路径，一个是数据存储路径，一个是项目存储路径，在项目存储路径

可以找到你保存的图谱和输出文件。3.根据相应的时间分段调整timeslicing。4.按“GO”按钮，你就会看到软件处于运行状态，当运行过程结束的时候你会发现弹出一个新的窗口。CiteSpace相关名词术语Thresholds–selection

criteriausedbyCiteSpace–itemsmusthavemeasuresabovethresholdvaluestobeincludedinmodelingandvisualizationproces

ses.Timeslicing–adivide-and-conquerstrategythatdividesaperiodoftimeintoaseriesofsmallerwindows.Betweennesscentrality–ametricofanodeinanetw

orkthatmeasureshowlikelyanarbitraryshortestpathinthenetworkwillgothroughthenode.Burstterms–singleormulti-wordphrasesextractedfromthetitle,abstra

ct,orotherfieldsofabibliographicrecordandthefrequencyofthetermbursts,i.e.sharplyincreases,overaperiodoftime

.Citation–aninstancethatapublicationreferencestoanotherpublication.Co-authors–authorswhoappearintheauthorfieldofthesamebibliographi

crecord.Co-citation–aninstanceinwhichtwoitems,suchasauthors,documents,orjournals,thatarecitedbyapublic

ation.Time-zoneview–arestrictedviewinwhichthemovementofnodesislimitedtoverticaltimezonescorrespondingtothetimeoftheirpublication.Tu

rningpoints–nodesofhighbetweennesscentralities(>1.00).Suchnodestendtobecriticalinnetworktransitionsfromonetime

slicetoanother.Clusterview–anetworkisvisualizedinamodifiedspring-embeddernodeplacementalgorithm.Pathfindernetworkscaling–ane

tworkscalingalgorithmthatremoveslinksthatviolatetriangleinequalityconditionssoastosimplifyanetworkbyretainingsalientlinksan

dpathsonly.CiteSpace的简要操作步骤1.Access/ObtainCiteSpaceandhowtorun获取和运行TheCiteSpaceHomepagehttp://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace•两种方法运行cit

espacea.UseJavaWebStartdirectly通过网络直接启动b.下载citespace.jar文件（网页download）方法a：能保证始终用到最新版本，且运行速度快2.PrepareBib

liographicDataFiles准备文献数据从webofscience检索和保存数据方法：a.MakeageneralsearchinWebofScienceb.Markallsearchres

ultsc.Savetherecords,includingCitedReferences,infieldtaggedformat.d.Nameyourfilesasdownload*.txtE.g.downloadScience1999a.txt,dow

nload2004.txte.Savealldatafilesinafolderonyourcomputer.3.WhatinformationinbibliographicdataisusedbyCiteSpace?CiteSpace使用下载数据的那些信息？

A:Authors作者B:Title,Descriptors,Identifiers,Abstract题目、主题词、关键词、摘要C:CitedReferences引用的参考文献D:TimesCited引用次数E:YearofPublication发表年

份BLAZERDG,1994,AMJPSYCHIAT,V151,P979EATONL,2001,NYTIMES1116,A1FOTHERGILLA,1999,DISASTERS,V23,P156FULLERTONCS,1999,AVIATSPACEENVIRMD,V70,P

902GINEXIEM,2000,AMJCOMMUNPSYCHOL,V28,P495GOENJIANAK,2001,AMJPSYCHIAT,V158,P788GREENBL,1990,JAPPLSOCPSYCHOL,V20,P1033HANSONRF,1995,JC

ONSULTCLINPSYCH,V63,P987HARVEYAG,1999,JCONSULTCLINPSYCH,V67,P985KAWACHII,2001,JURBANHEALTH,V78,P458KESSLERRC,1995,ARCHGENPSYCHIAT

,V52,P1048KILPATRICKDG,1987,CRIMEDELINQUENCY,V33,P479MADAKASIRAS,1987,JNERVMENTDIS,V175,P286MAZURECM,

2000,AMJPSYCHIAT,V157,P896NORTHCS,1999,JAMA-JAMMEDASSOC,V282,P755ORTEGAAN,2000,AMJPSYCHIAT,V157,P615POLEN,2001,JNERVMENTDIS,V189,P

442RESNICKH,1999,JANXIETYDISORD,V13,P359RESNICKHS,1993,JCONSULTCLINPSYCH,V61,P984ROTHBAUMBO,1992,JTRAUMASTRESS,V5,P455RUBONISAV,1991,PSYC

HOLBULL,V109,P384RUEFAM,2000,CULTURALDIVERSITYE,V6,P235SHAHB,1997,SUDAANUSERSMANUALSHALEVAY,1998,AMJ

PSYCHIAT,V155,P630SHALEVAY,2000,JCLINPSYCHIATS5,V61,P33SHERBOURNECD,1991,SOCSCIMED,V32,P705SHOREJH,19

89,JNERVMENTDIS,V177,P681TUCKERP,2000,JBEHAVHEALTHSERR,V27,P406NR32TC179PUMASSACHUSETTSMEDICALSOC/NEJMPIWALTHAMPAWALTHAMWOODSCENTER,860WINTERST

,,WALTHAM,MA02451-1413USASN0028-4793J9NENGLJMEDJIN.Engl.J.Med.PDMAR28PY2002VL346IS13BP982EP987PG6SCMedicine,General&InternalGA534UYUTISI:000174608

600006ER11,2001,wasunprecedentedintheUnitedStates.Weassessedtheprevalenceandcorrelatesofacutepost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)anddepres

sionamongresidentsofManhattanfivetoeightweeksaftertheattacks.Methods:Weusedrandom-digitdialingtocontactarepresentativesample

ofadultslivingsouthof110thStreetinManhattan.Participantswereaskedaboutdemographiccharacteristics,exposuretoth

eeventsofSeptember11,andpsychologicalsymptomsaftertheattacks.Results:Among1008adultsinterviewed,7.5p

ercentreportedsymptomsconsistentwithadiagnosisofcurrentPTSDrelatedtotheattacks,and9.7percentreportedsymptomsconsist

entwithcurrentdepression(with``current``definedasoccurringwithintheprevious30days).AmongrespondentswholivedsouthofCanalStr

eet(i.e.,neartheWorldTradeCenter),theprevalenceofPTSDwas20.0percent.…………C1NewYorkAcadMed,CtrUrbanEpidemiolStudies,NewYork,NY100

29USA.ColumbiaUniv,MailmanSchPublHlth,DeptEpidemiol,NewYork,NYUSA.MedUnivSCarolina,NatlCrimeVictimsRes&TreatmentCtr,Charleston,SC29425USA.Schulma

nRonca&Bucuvalas,NewYork,NYUSA.BellevueHospCtr,NewYork,NY10016USA.RPGalea,S,NewYorkAcadMed,CtrUrbanEpidemiolStudies,Rm556,12165thAve,NewY

ork,NY10029USA.CR2001,NYTIMES1226,B2*AMPSYCHASS,1994,DIAGNSTATMANMENT*DEPHLTHHUMANSE,1999,MENTHLTHREPSURGG*USBURC

ENS,2000,STF3ADEPCOMMBURCAUGalea,SAhern,JResnick,HKilpatrick,DBucuvalas,MGold,JVlahov,DTIPsychologicalsequelaeoftheSeptember11terroristattacks

inNewYorkCity.SONEWENGLANDJOURNALOFMEDICINELAEnglishDTArticleIDPOSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER;NATIONALCOMORBIDITYSURVEY;MAJORDEPRESSION;NAT

URALDISASTER;SOCIALSUPPORT;OKLAHOMA-CITY;PREVALENCE;PSYCHOPATHOLOGY;SURVIVORS;SYMPTOMSABBackground:ThescopeoftheterroristattacksofSeptemberABCDE11

,2001,wasunprecedentedintheUnitedStates.Weassessedtheprevalenceandcorrelatesofacutepost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)anddepressionamon

gresidentsofManhattanfivetoeightweeksaftertheattacks.Methods:Weusedrandom-digitdialingtocontactarepresentativesampleofadultslivingsouthof110th

StreetinManhattan.Participantswereaskedaboutdemographiccharacteristics,exposuretotheeventsofSeptember11,andpsychologicalsymptomsaftertheattacks.Resul

ts:Among1008adultsinterviewed,7.5percentreportedsymptomsconsistentwithadiagnosisofcurrentPTSDrelatedtoth

eattacks,and9.7percentreportedsymptomsconsistentwithcurrentdepression(with``current``definedasoccurringwithintheprevious30days).Amongre

spondentswholivedsouthofCanalStreet(i.e.,neartheWorldTradeCenter),theprevalenceofPTSDwas20.0percent.…………AUGalea,SAhern,JResnick,HKilpatr

ick,DBucuvalas,MGold,JVlahov,DTIPsychologicalsequelaeoftheSeptember11terroristattacksinNewYorkCity.SONEWENGLANDJOURNALOFMEDICINELA

EnglishDTArticleIDPOSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER;NATIONALCOMORBIDITYSURVEY;MAJORDEPRESSION;NATURALDISASTE

R;SOCIALSUPPORT;OKLAHOMA-CITY;PREVALENCE;PSYCHOPATHOLOGY;SURVIVORS;SYMPTOMSABBackground:Thescopeofthete

rroristattacksofSeptemberco-authorshipco-occurringbursttermsABBBCR2001,NYTIMES1226,B2*AMPSYCHASS,1994,DIAGNSTATMANME

NT*DEPHLTHHUMANSE,1999,MENTHLTHREPSURGG*USBURCENS,2000,STF3ADEPCOMMBURCBLAZERDG,1994,AMJPSYCHIAT,V151,P979E

ATONL,2001,NYTIMES1116,A1FOTHERGILLA,1999,DISASTERS,V23,P156FULLERTONCS,1999,AVIATSPACEENVIRMD,V70,P902GINEXIEM,2

000,AMJCOMMUNPSYCHOL,V28,P495GOENJIANAK,2001,AMJPSYCHIAT,V158,P788GREENBL,1990,JAPPLSOCPSYCHOL,V20,P1033HANSONRF,1995

,JCONSULTCLINPSYCH,V63,P987HARVEYAG,1999,JCONSULTCLINPSYCH,V67,P985KAWACHII,2001,JURBANHEALTH,V78,P458KESSLERRC,1995,ARCHGENPSYCHIAT,V52,P1048KILPA

TRICKDG,1987,CRIMEDELINQUENCY,V33,P479MADAKASIRAS,1987,JNERVMENTDIS,V175,P286MAZURECM,2000,AMJPSYCHI

AT,V157,P896NORTHCS,1999,JAMA-JAMMEDASSOC,V282,P755ORTEGAAN,2000,AMJPSYCHIAT,V157,P615POLEN,2001,JNERVMENTDIS,V189,P442RESNICKH,1999,

JANXIETYDISORD,V13,P359RESNICKHS,1993,JCONSULTCLINPSYCH,V61,P984ROTHBAUMBO,1992,JTRAUMASTRESS,V5,P455RUBONISAV,1991,PSYCHOLBULL,V109,P384RUEF

AM,2000,CULTURALDIVERSITYE,V6,P235SHAHB,1997,SUDAANUSERSMANUALSHALEVAY,1998,AMJPSYCHIAT,V155,P630SHALEVAY,2000,JCLINPSYC

HIATS5,V61,P33SHERBOURNECD,1991,SOCSCIMED,V32,P705SHOREJH,1989,JNERVMENTDIS,V177,P681TUCKERP,2000,JBEHAVHEALTHSERR,V27,P406documentco-ci

tationauthorco-citationjournalco-citationACA/DCA/JCACNR32TC179PUMASSACHUSETTSMEDICALSOC/NEJMPIWALTHAMPAWALTHAMWOODSCENTER,860WINTERST,,WALTHAM,MA

02451-1413USASN0028-4793J9NENGLJMEDJIN.Engl.J.Med.PDMAR28PY2002VL346IS13BP982EP987PG6SCMedicine,General&InternalGA534UYUTISI:0001746086000

06ERDE4.GetstartedwithCiteSpace（开始使用citespace）数据导入(datedirectory)：直接选定数据存放的文件夹，注意不要进入文件夹。5.ChooseNetworkAnalysis（选择分析方法）：CitedAuthor:AuthorCo-Cit

ationAnalysis(ACA)CitedReference:DocumentCo-CitationAnalysis(DCA)CitedJournals:JournalCo-CitationAnalysis(JCA)Authors:Co-Authors

Terms:Co-TermsACADCACo-AuthorshipJCACo-Term(Burst)CiteSpace软件特色及原理1、原始数据不需要转化为矩阵的格式，可以将WOS及PubMed等数据库的原始数据格式直接导入CiteSpace进行运算及作图。2、

对于同一数据样本，可以进行多种图谱的绘制，从不同角度展现数据演化特征。3、软件通过为节点和连线标记不同颜色，清晰地展现出文献数据随时间变化的脉络。4、节点的彩色年轮表示法清晰展现了不同时间段的引证情况。5、连线的颜色代表了该连接共引次数最早达到所选择阈值的时间。

特色：图谱绘制的具体操作演示谢谢大家