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考点15阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我

们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一识别词义猜测题【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Whentheexplo

rersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.Nat

iveAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodeci

matealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambi

tioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat

.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.【参考答案】C词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericansh

adtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土

著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【词义猜测题型提

分秘籍】了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1)代词类猜词题Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2refersto_______.Theunderlinedword“it"inPara.4ref

ersto_______.(2)其他类猜测题WhatdoesthewordX(inParagraphX)mean?WhatdoestheunderlinedwordXmean?Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?Theunderlinedword

Xprobablymeans_______.考向二词义猜测题解题方法【典例】【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraqu

arter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit‟snotreallynecessaryandth

ey‟rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomef

allsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.

Remark.【参考答案】A词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“i

t'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的

，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应

该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。【词义猜测题提分秘籍】1.代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2.其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过

转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：表否定dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-等表其他的anti-(反对；抵抗),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re

-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(强调距离)等前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：表名词-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等表动

词-(e)n(多用亍形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为)表副词有-ly(主要用亍形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用亍表示方位的词之后表示方向)表形容词-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国

人的)，-en(多用亍表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3)因果法—

—根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because,for,as,since,forthereasonthat,consideringthat(4)并列法——根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,to

gether/alongwith,when/while(5)转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,inste

adof,ratherthan1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillm

issingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranima

lsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference

.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.【参考答案】A词义猜测题根据Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-

verbalcommunication.可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank,ataneasternbendin

theThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththe

localskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（横杆）

,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myf

riendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”p

robablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry!【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌

握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,

anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-

makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasa

bletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondon

mediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemar

ketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildr

enoutintonature.26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confi

rms【参考答案】A词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople”可知其中的“docume

nted”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“thebirthoftheWildNetwork”可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbe

lovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeof

fhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemch

osethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearn

toleavethepastbehind.43.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity【参考答案】A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransf

ormedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(他们都没有选择那

个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】WhileItendt

obuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,rereadinganauthor‟sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremembe

r,it‟syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inpa

ragraph4referto?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulan

dnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor‟sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判

断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。6.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Th

eecosystemdowntherecan‟thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物种）.It‟sdestroyingtheenvironment.It‟sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfi

eld.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmult

ipliedlikecrazy.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crash

ed.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthela

te1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长

，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。7.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】AsIgrewolderandbec

ameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdeal

forustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphr

ase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C

.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandb

ecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,where

mykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑

选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。8

.【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganiza

tion,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.A

lready,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheange

rofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven‟tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabs

on"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.【参考答案】D词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,

anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhave

n‟tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。

故选D项。9.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSe

a:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,where

millionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthep

eoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hisho

stsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?（）A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.T

akingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【参考答案】D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段

首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisapp

earanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。10.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】Accordi

ngtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingr

esearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheund

erlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?（）A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoe

xistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较

重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合

选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】Buthe‟snervous.＂I‟mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…shou

ld…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,i

snexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoani

ceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badman

ners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.【参考答案】A词义猜测题根据第二段totellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…Christripsonthe…可知Chr

is因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppi

nguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningthesho

wandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I‟lldoit

."25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.

Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【参考答案】B词义猜测题heartstrings是由heart+strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由Imentionthe

singleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon.可知，作者提到了一

位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。13.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefac

esofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashio

n—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemsel

vesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindes

ignandsales,"addsHill.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdo

wnonC.workingwithD.competingagainst【参考答案】D词义猜测题根据第四段最后一句…beatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales可知，VeraWang,Al

exanderWang,JasonWu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldf

ormorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydoso

mepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We‟veallknownpeopl

ewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife‟shalfwaymark.I‟mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan‟tallgetthere.I‟mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavesto

ppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.52.Wha

tdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone‟sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone‟senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosuccee

d.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据第三段I‟mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan‟tallgetthere.I‟mtalkingab

outpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencome

withpassingyears.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearlytwohun

dredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdise

ase”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur‟stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinf

ectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork

.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.5．Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inparagraph3refersto_______.A．thediscoveryofmicrobes.B．Pasteur'stheoryofdisease

.C．Leeuwenhoek'scontribution.D．theoriginofthetinyorganism.【参考答案】C词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Nearlytwohundredyearsla

ter,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseorigin

atesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur‟stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria

,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.(近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家LouisPast

eur提出了他的“疾病理论”。这一概念认为，疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击和削弱身体。巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内的传染病。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性工作的结果)”以及下一段中“Ina1716letter,he

describedhiscontributiontosciencethisway(在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述自己对科学的贡献)”可知，Leeuwenhoek的发现对后来的疾病理论取得了重要的突破，而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。即画线词指的是“Leeuwenhoek的贡献”。故

选C。2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】BythetimeIarrived,thesailingclubhadgrown.Atweekends,wewouldworkonherallday,cleaningandpaintingher,a

ndcollapseintosleepingbagsontheflooratnight.Thencamethebigdaywhenaschoolsailingtripwasannounced.ItsdestinationwasSaint-Malo

.Butitalsomeantthatwehadtorefittheshipbyremovingeverypieceofballast(压舱物)andreplacingthebilgewater(底舱污水)beforewewereallowed

tosail.AndIdidlearntheropesonthatschooltrip.Ilearnedhowtooperateashipinthehighwaves.Ilearnedthemeaningofteamworkandbecameabettert

eamplayer.Ialsolearnedthatthebestfishistheonethatyouhavecaughtandcookedyourselffromaboatthatyouhaverebuiltandsailed

yourself.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“learntheropes”inparagraph4mean?A．Learntocook.B．Masterusefulskill

s.C．Ensuresailingsafety.D．Useropesproperly.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Ilearnedhowtooperateashipinthehighwaves.

Ilearnedthemeaningofteamworkandbecameabetterteamplayer.Ialsolearnedthatthebestfishistheonethatyouhavecaughtandcooke

dyourselffromaboatthatyouhaverebuiltandsailedyourself.”（我学会了如何在大浪中驾驶船。我学会了团队合作的意义，并且成为了一个更好的团队合作者。我还了解到最好的鱼

是你驾着自己修复的船抓来煮的鱼。）可知，作者通过这次出海学到了很多有用的知识和技能。由此推知，划线部分的意思是“掌握了有用的技能”。故选B。3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Onachievingsuccess:“Whenyoumakeachoiceandsay,„Come

hellorhighwater,Iamgoingtobethis,‟thenyoushouldnotbesurprisedwhenyouarethat.Itshouldnotbesomethingthatisintoxicatingoroutofcharacter

becauseyouhaveseenthismomentforsolongthat...whenthatmomentcomes,ofcourseitisherebecauseithasbeenherethewho

letime,becauseithasbeen[inyourmind]thewholetime.”Onfailure:“Idon‟tmeantosoundcavalierwhenIsaythat,butnever.It‟sbasketball.I‟vepracticedandpracticeda

ndplayedsomanytimes.There‟snothingtrulytobeafraidof,whenyouthinkaboutit...BecauseI‟vefailedbefore,and

Iwokeupthenextmorning,andI‟mOK.PeoplesaybadthingsaboutyouinthepaperonMonday,andthenonWednesday,you'rethegreat

estthingsinceslicedbread.I‟veseenthatcycle,sowhywouldIbenervousaboutithappening?”5．Theword“cavalier”inthe3rdparagraphprobablymeans_

_________.A．notseriousorcaringB．anxiousandeagerC．worriedandpessimisticD．notproudorarrogant【参考答案】A词义猜

测题。根据第三段中It‟sbasketball.I‟vepracticedandpracticedandplayedsomanytimes.There‟snothingtrulytobeafraidof,whenyout

hinkaboutit...这是篮球。我练习了很多次，很多次，很多次。当你仔细想想，其实没什么好害怕的……由科比说自己练习了很多次，可知他对失败并不是说漫不经心或者不在意的，因此猜测划线词cavali

er意为“漫不经心的，不在意的”。故选A项。4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“Thismustbeasimplyvastwardrobe!”thoughtLucy,goingstillfurtherin.Thenshenoticedthattherewassometh

ingcrunchingunderherfeet.“Isthatmoremothball?”shethought,stoopingdowntofeelitwithherhand.Butinsteadoffeelingthehard,smoothwood,sh

efeltsomethingsoftandpowderyandextremelycold.“Thisisveryqueer,”shesaid,andwentonasteportwofurther.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“queer”mean?A．Terrify

ing.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据上文“Thenshenoticedthattherewassomethingcrunchingunderherfeet.“Isthatmoremothball?”shetho

ught,stoopingdowntofeelitwithherhand.Butinsteadoffeelingthehard,smoothwood,shefeltsomethingsoftandpowderyandextremelycold.(这时，她感到脚底下有什么

东西在吱嘎吱哽作响。我难道踩到了樟脑丸？她想，一边蹲下身来用手去摸。然而她摸到的不是坚硬而又光滑的木头橱底，而是一样柔软的、粉末似的、冰冷的东西)”可知，露西在衣橱里摸到的不是橱子底，而是柔软的，粉末状的，冰冷的东西，因此推断她会感到奇怪，故划线词词义与C项（奇怪的）意思相近。故选C。5.【

湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Intwo-and-a-halfyears,thepairstillhavetoreplenishtheirincomeswithsomewritingandediting,butthebusinessisgrowingandwithin

fiveyearstheyhopetobehelpingfundhalfadozenresearchprojects.Itisabigtask.“Somedayswethinkitwouldbegreattoturnitoff,”MacCallumsays,“butwhenweseethew

onderonthefaceofapersonwhoisexperiencingsomewhereliketheGalapagosforthefirsttime,weknowwearelivingawonderfullife.”7．Theu

nderlinedword“replenish"inParagraph4means_________.A．consumeB．supplyC．reduceD．control【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“theirincomeswithsomewritingandediting,b

utthebusinessisgrowingandwithinfiveyearstheyhopetobehelpingfundhalfadozenresearchprojects”可知，在两年半的时间里，这对夫妇仍然需要通过一些写作和编辑来补给

他们的收入，但他们的业务正在增长，他们希望在五年内为六个研究项目提供资金。故画线词意思是“补给”。A.consume消耗；B.supply补给；C.reduce减少；D.control控制。故选B。6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】ProfessorSabbatuccireceived

hundredsofcallsfrompeoplehopingtotrickhimintohandingthemthecash.Buttherewasonevoiceherecognizedandhearrangedto

meetthemaninapark.Therobber,a35-year-oldunemployedfatheroftwo,gavebackthesuitcaseandburstintotears.Hecou

ldnotbelievewhatwashappening.“Whydidn‟tyoukeepthemoney?”heasked.Theprofessorreplied,“Icouldn‟tbecauseit‟snotmine.”Thenhewalkedof

f,spurningthethief‟sofferofareward.27．Theunderlinedword“spurning”inthelastsentencecanbereplacedby________.A．acceptingB．claimingC．rejectingD．can

celling【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据所猜词上一句“Theprofessorreplied,“Icouldn‟tbecauseit‟snotmine.”(教授回复道，我不能这样做，因为这不是我的)”可知，教授拒绝了抢劫犯给予的酬金，因为这不是

他的钱。故所猜词spurning的意思为“拒绝”。故选C。7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In1985.C'harlieBurrellinherited（继承）apieceoflandinWestSussex,England,whichis3.500acres.Ithad

beeninhisfamilyformorethan200years.Asitwasafailingfarm,heandhiswife.IsabellaTree,wereallsettorunatraditionalfarm,butsoonrealizedthecos

tsfaroutweighedtheprofits.Thelandwasn'tsuitableforgrowingcropsanymore.So.in2001,thecoupledecidedtotrysomethingelse—anexperimentin“rewild

ing”，orrestoringenvironmentstotheirnaturalstate.Theyreintroducednativespecies,includingTamworthpigs,Exmoorponies,longhorncattle,andd

eer.Thentheytookoutallthefencesandlettheanimalswanderfreely.Inthefollowingyears,thelandwentthroughanincrediblechan

ge.Theonceneatfieldswerecoveredwithbushes,creatinghabitatswherenewplantandanimalspeciescouldgrow.Nowit'shometomanydifferentcreatures,inc

ludingtworarespeciesofbats,nightingales,peregrinefalcons,whitestorks,andeventurtledoves,whosenumbershavedro

ppedby98percentintheU.K.overthelastfewdecades!“Wewerelivinginabiologicaldesert.Now,ecologistsareblownawayallthe

timebyjusttheamountoflifehere,"Isabellasaid."Itshowsthepotentialthatthiskindofprojecthasforchangingtrendsofbiodiversitydecline.What'smore,thelandisno

wprofitable!CharlieandIsabellaoffermultipleservicesthere,includingwalkingtours,safaris,photographyclasses,andrewildi

ngworkshops.Theyalsosellmeattocontroltheirlargeanimalpopulations,andevenallowvisitorstospendanightoutsideinthetentst

heysetup.Whatapromisingoutcome!Thisisamazingnewsforconservationistsandshowsthatourplanetcanbereturnedtoitsnaturalglory,ifonl

yweletit.Now,it'sabeautifulreminderofhowecosystemscanberestoredbylettingMotherNaturetakethecontrol.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第五段“It

showsthepotentialthatthiskindofprojecthasforchangingtrendsofbiodiversitydecline.（它显示了这类项目在改变生物多样性下降趋势方面的潜力。）”以及文

中表明夫妇的土地上生物种类和数量很多，可以推断，这里的生命数量给生态学家留下了深刻印象。“blownaway”意思是留下深刻印象。故选B项。8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswe

rehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringoft

hewaterpistol.Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit."Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.""What'sthat

?"theyasked."It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"Ireplied,"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid."Idon'tnow."Ireplied."B

utsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes.studentswould

askmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sin

ceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffe

nder"inparagraph8referto?A．Thestudent'sparent.B．ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C．Theauthor'sgrandchild.D．Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.

【参考答案】D词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Iwouldreturnthebelonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的

时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】Asitturnedout,itnotonlyshockedtheUS

actress,butalsobroughtcriticismfromthosewhobelievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteransintheind

ustry.ButFanning‟sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargumentforherjurymembership.Infact,FanninghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourea

lize.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“veterans”probablymean?A.shockedactressesB.greenhandsCexperiencedpeopleD.musicproducers【参考答案】C词义猜

测题。根据上文Fanningwastooyoungcomparedtoother可知Fanning相比于那些有经验的人们，还是太年轻了。故可推测划线部分单词意思为“有经验的人”。故选C。10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It‟sbeenlessthanamon

thsinceArnold,aTexashighschoolstudent,wasforbiddenfromgoingtothepromandgraduationunlesshecuthislocs.Ashisstoryspreadonsoci

almedia,celebritiesandactivistscametoArnold‟sdefenceandencouragedhimtostanduptohisschool‟shairdiscrimin

ation.Now,inasignificantturnofevents,he‟sproudlywearinghisownhair-styleatthe2020Oscars.Arnoldandhismotherwereinvitedtoattendastheguestsof

directorMatthewA．Cherry,whowontheawardforBestAnimatedShortFilmforHairLovetonight.Fittingly,theshortfilmte

llsthestoryofaBlackfatherlearningtostylehisdaughter‟snaturalhair.Arnoldtoldushecouldn‟twaittowalktheredc

arpetwiththeHairLoveteam.“I‟msograteful.Ineverexpectedanyofthis,”Arnoldsays.“Themessageofthatmovieandmymessagegotogethersowell.Ithi

nkit‟sreallyamazinghowtheyreachedouttomeandhowwecanfightthistogether.”5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Violence.B

．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第一段“Ashisstoryspreadonsocialmedia,celebritiesandact

ivistscametoArnold‟sdefenceandencouragedhimtostanduptohisschool‟shairdiscrimination.Now,inasignificanttu

rnofevents,he‟sproudlywearinghisownhair-styleatthe2020Oscars.”随着他的故事在社交媒体上传开，名人和活动家们都来为阿诺德辩护，并鼓励他勇敢地面对学校对头发的歧视。现在，事态发生了重大转折，他将骄傲地在2020年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上留着

自己的发型。由此可以推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们如何共同与“对头发的歧视”作斗争，因此this指代的就是歧视，故选B11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】Whilestudying,IbeganexploringMexico,crossingth

ecountryseveraltimesbybus.NowIworkasaphotojournalistinMexicoandalongtheborder,documentingdesperatesituationsthatfaceever

ydayMexicans.Thoughnecessaryandimportant,newsstoriesdon‟treflecttheMexicothatIfellforandthatishometosomanypeopleIlove.Ataskfocusedonthecountry

‟snaturalbeautywasawelcomereprieveforme.9．Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“reprieve”inParagraph2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.【参考答案】D词义

猜测题。根据画线词上文“NowIworkasaphotojournalistinMexicoandalongtheborder,documentingdesperatesituationsthatfaceeverydayMexi

cans.Thoughnecessaryandimportant,newsstoriesdon‟treflecttheMexicothatIfellforandthatishometosomanypeopleIlove

.(现在我是一名摄影记者，在墨西哥和边境沿线工作，记录墨西哥人每天面临的绝望处境。尽管这是必要和重要的，但新闻报道并没有反映出我深爱的墨西哥，那里有那么多我爱的人)”可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的危险状况，而这样的新闻反映不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这

样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机全，对作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。故画线词意思为“缓解”。A.Memory.记忆；B.Idea.主意；C.Victory.胜利；D.Relief.缓解。故选D。12.【湖南省湖

南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark,arisingfifth-graderwhoisFilipino-American,toldHuffPosthe'sbeendreamingaboutbreakingPhelps'recordeversincehestartedswimmingc

ompetitivelyatage7."Iwassomotivated,"Clarksaidabouthiswin."IwassohappythatIwasabletobeatthatrecord.”Phelpscompet

edinhisfirstOlympicsatage15.HewentontobecomethemostdecoratedOlympianinhistory,with28medalsoverall.“Everyoneinthecrowd

wasexcitedwhentheyrealizedwhataspecialswimtheyhadjustseenwhenweannouncedthelong-standingrecordhadbeenbroken,"CindyRowland,PacificSwi

mming'sdirector,wroteinanemail.5．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“decorated”inParagraph4?A．Beingpopular.B．Beingre

spected.C．Beingtalkedaboutmost.D．Beingawardedmedals.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。A.Beingpopular.流行的，受欢迎的；B.Beingrespected.受尊敬的；C.Beingtalkedaboutmost.被谈论的最

多的；D.Beingawardedmedals.被授予奖牌。根据第四段中的伴随状语“with28medalsoverall（总共有28枚奖牌）”可推测，菲尔普斯是历史上被授予奖牌最多的奥运会选手。故选择D项。13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】Thear

tistsofCreativeGrowthwillbeonviewthroughoutthemonthofAugust,coupledwithmusicalperformancesandfilmscreeningso

rganizedbyL.A．Takedown.Allproceedsfromthemonthwillbenefittheartistsandspace.Themoneywillbeusedtoimprovetheconditionofthestu

dioandforthedevelopmentoftheartists.“L.A．doesn‟treallyhaveaplacelikeCreativeGrowth,”Olsonsaid,discussinghishopesfortheshow.14．Whatdoesthe

underlinedword“proceeds”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．ProfitsD．Arrangement【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Allproceedsfromth

emonthwillbenefittheartistsandspace.Themoneywillbeusedtoimprovetheconditionofthestudioandforthedevelopmentoft

heartists.”可知，这个月所有的proceeds都将造福艺术家和空间。这笔钱将用于改善工作室的条件和促进艺术家的发展。根据句意，结合的上文提到的展出和下文的money，可推知划线词的意思是“收益”

，即八月艺术展的收益。A.Activities.活动；B.Work工作；C.Profits利润，收益；D.Arrangement安排。故选C。14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“Itesteditathomeandjustcouldn‟tbelievetheresult.Ispra

yeditinSienna‟sroomfirstandthefloorwasimmediatelysilenced,”saidLanzarotti.“Eightmonthslater,itwasstillsilent.Itfeltlikeahugerelief.Whe

nTracysawthedifferenceforthefirsttime,herfacejustlitup.Youcantreatacoupleofroomsinanhour.”headded.“It‟sano-brainerforanyparentswithnoisyfloors,andi

t‟llbelife-changing.”7．Whatdotheunderlinedword“ano-brainer”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Adifficultdecision.B．Anu

nusualeffort.C．Arealheadache.D．Aneasyjob.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Youcantreatacoupleofroomsinanhour.”可知，你可以在一个小时内处理几个房间，因此对于那些想解决地板噪音问题的父母来说，这是一件轻而易

举的事，由此可知画线词词义为“轻而易举的事”，故选D。15.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】Imightbelettingmyyoungsonwatchtoomuchtelevision.Iamcertainlywatchingtoomanyofhisprograms.Theycanr

eallybeperplexingastheyforceyoutothinkcarefullyaboutthemysteriesoflife.Forexample,whenFranklin(theturtle)wanted

apet,hisparentsdidn‟twantittobeafrog.Theyfeltthatfrogsbelonginapond.Isn‟tthatwhereturtlesbelong?4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perplexing”inparagraph1pr

obablymean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．Confusing.D．Curious.【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Theycanreallybeperplexingastheyforcey

outothinkcarefullyaboutthemysteriesoflife.(它们确实perplexing，因为它们迫使你仔细思考生命的奥秘)”由它们迫使人仔细思考。由此可知，它们是令人困惑的，因此猜测划线词perplexing意为“令人费解的，让人困惑的”。故选C项。