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考点15阅读之词义猜测（解析版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词

。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一识别词义猜测题【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Whentheexplorersfi

rstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife

.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestode

cimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofo

verlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.29.Whatdoe

stheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.【参考答案】C词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericans

hadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地

方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。【词义猜测题型提分秘籍】了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1)代词类猜词题Theunderlinedwo

rd"them"inParagraph2refersto_______.Theunderlinedword“it"inPara.4refersto_______.(2)其他类猜测题WhatdoesthewordX(inParagraphX

)mean?WhatdoestheunderlinedwordXmean?Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?TheunderlinedwordXproba

blymeans_______.考向二词义猜测题解题方法【典例】【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraqua

rter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit‟snotreallyneces

saryandthey‟rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkm

yhomefallsintothatcategory.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.【参考答案】A词句猜测题。根据划线单词的

上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it'snotreallyneces

saryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将

其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“co

ncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。【词义猜测题提分秘籍】1.代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2.其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：表否定dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,u

n-等表其他的anti-(反对；抵抗),auto-(自动),co-(共同),en-(使),inter-(互相),re-(再；又),sub-(下面的；次；小),tele-(强调距离)等前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后

缀：表名词-(e)r/-or(从事某事的人)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等表动词-(e)n(多用亍形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成为

)表副词有-ly(主要用亍形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用亍表示方位的词之后表示方向)表形容词-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en(多用亍表示材料的名词后)，-ern(方向的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-i

sh，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天气)后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3)因果法——根据因果关系常见表示因

果的词汇：because,for,as,since,forthereasonthat,consideringthat(4)并列法——根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,together/alongwith,when/while(5)转折法

——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast,insteadof,ratherthan1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读

理解C篇】“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissing

alotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranima

lsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.

Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.【参考答案】A词义猜测题根据Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信

息的意义，并没有超出其他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此意为“差异”。2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames

,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefr

iendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacert

aintrickonthebeam（横杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,my

friendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Sa

fe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry!【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landi

ngtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B

。3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,fil

m-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletos

ay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appoint

edhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWi

ldThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.26.Whichofthefollowingcanrepla

cetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms【参考答案】A词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子

“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople”可知其中的“documented”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“thebirthoftheWildNetwork”可知，

他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesu

chatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolon

gerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereafterevery

thingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.43.Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.

A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity【参考答案】A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neitherofth

emchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealize

dthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后

了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.

ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor‟sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.T

hebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it‟syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterun

derstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“wh

ilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor‟swork

isthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。6.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】Nutriawerebr

oughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan‟thandlethisnon-native

species（物种）.It‟sdestroyingtheenvironment.It‟sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefur

tradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“

collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,b

utwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年

的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。7

.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)o

fentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbook

stheywantedmetoreadtothem.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworki

nginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.【参考答案】B词句

猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentert

ainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedm

etoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他

们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。8.【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveani

malslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000produc

tionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivists

whosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven‟tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3p

robablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.【参考答案】D词句猜测题。根据第三段

划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including

"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven‟tbeentreatedproperly.（许多

电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。9.【2020全国新高考

卷阅读理解C篇】Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentral

Asia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbythesl

owdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopicked

uphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2refert

o?（）A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.Writin

ganarticleabouttheAralSea.【参考答案】D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,still

attractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了

一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。10.【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingc

ompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）,i

t'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"beanpoles"inparagraph1referto?（）A.Bigeaters.B.Over

weightpersons.C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorder

largeportions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出

，画线词和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】Buthe‟snervous.＂I‟mheretotelly

outodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,T

homasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhe

bringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Impr

operpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.【参考答案】A词义猜测题根据第二段totellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…Christr

ipsonthe…可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyar

oundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingle

parentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon…Atthispointtheu

nwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I‟lldoit."25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.

Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.【参考答案】B词义猜测题heartstrings是由heart

+strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoac

hingateamthathiskidsaren‟tevenon.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。1

3.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreams

towomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesi

gnersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWan

g,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.26.Wha

tdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainst【参考答案】D词义猜测题根据第四段最后一句…beatingthemhands

downindesignandsales可知，VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（

《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotosee

dlongbefore?We‟veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife‟shalfwaymark.I‟mnottalkingaboutthose

whofailtogettothetop.Wecan‟tallgetthere.I‟mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthef

ixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3proba

blymean?A.Endone‟sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone‟senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据第三段I‟mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan‟tallgetthere.I‟mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowin

gbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学

习，故选D。1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtod

evelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur‟stheorylaterhelpedd

octorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.Allthesebreakthrough

sweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.5．Theunderlinedphrase“t

hislegacy”inparagraph3refersto_______.A．thediscoveryofmicrobes.B．Pasteur'stheoryofdisease.C．Leeuwenhoek'scontribution.D．theoriginofthetinyorganism.

【参考答案】C词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurt

odevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningth

ebody.Pasteur‟stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,sm

allpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.(近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家LouisPasteu

r提出了他的“疾病理论”。这一概念认为，疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击和削弱身体。巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内的传染病。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性

工作的结果)”以及下一段中“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway(在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述自己对科学的贡献)”可知，Leeuwenhoek的发现对后来

的疾病理论取得了重要的突破，而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。即画线词指的是“Leeuwenhoek的贡献”。故选C。2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】BythetimeIarrived,thesailingclubhadgrown.Atweekends,wewouldworko

nherallday,cleaningandpaintingher,andcollapseintosleepingbagsontheflooratnight.Thencamethebigdaywhenaschoolsailingtripwasann

ounced.ItsdestinationwasSaint-Malo.Butitalsomeantthatwehadtorefittheshipbyremovingeverypieceofballast(压舱物)andreplacingthebilgewater(底舱污水)b

eforewewereallowedtosail.AndIdidlearntheropesonthatschooltrip.Ilearnedhowtooperateashipinthehighwaves.Ilearnedthemeaningoft

eamworkandbecameabetterteamplayer.Ialsolearnedthatthebestfishistheonethatyouhavecaughtandcookedyourselffromaboatthatyouhaver

ebuiltandsailedyourself.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“learntheropes”inparagraph4mean?A．Learntocook.B．Masterusefulskills.C．Ensuresailingsafety.

D．Useropesproperly.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Ilearnedhowtooperateashipinthehighwaves.Ilearnedthemeaningofteamworkan

dbecameabetterteamplayer.Ialsolearnedthatthebestfishistheonethatyouhavecaughtandcookedyourselffromaboatthatyouhaverebuil

tandsailedyourself.”（我学会了如何在大浪中驾驶船。我学会了团队合作的意义，并且成为了一个更好的团队合作者。我还了解到最好的鱼是你驾着自己修复的船抓来煮的鱼。）可知，作者通过这次出海学到了很多有用的知识和技能

。由此推知，划线部分的意思是“掌握了有用的技能”。故选B。3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Onachievingsuccess:“Whenyoumakeachoiceandsay,„Comehellorhighwate

r,Iamgoingtobethis,‟thenyoushouldnotbesurprisedwhenyouarethat.Itshouldnotbesomethingthatisintoxicatingoroutofcharacter

becauseyouhaveseenthismomentforsolongthat...whenthatmomentcomes,ofcourseitisherebecauseithasbeenherethewholetime,because

ithasbeen[inyourmind]thewholetime.”Onfailure:“Idon‟tmeantosoundcavalierwhenIsaythat,butnever.It‟sbasketball.I‟vepracticedandpracticedandplayedsomanyt

imes.There‟snothingtrulytobeafraidof,whenyouthinkaboutit...BecauseI‟vefailedbefore,andIwokeupthenextmorning,andI‟mOK

.PeoplesaybadthingsaboutyouinthepaperonMonday,andthenonWednesday,you'rethegreatestthingsinceslicedbrea

d.I‟veseenthatcycle,sowhywouldIbenervousaboutithappening?”5．Theword“cavalier”inthe3rdparagraphprobablymeans__________.A．nots

eriousorcaringB．anxiousandeagerC．worriedandpessimisticD．notproudorarrogant【参考答案】A词义猜测题。根据第三段中It‟sbasketball.I‟vepracticedandpracti

cedandplayedsomanytimes.There‟snothingtrulytobeafraidof,whenyouthinkaboutit...这是篮球。我练习了很多次，很多次，很多次。当你仔细想想，其实没什么好害怕的……由科比说自己练习了很

多次，可知他对失败并不是说漫不经心或者不在意的，因此猜测划线词cavalier意为“漫不经心的，不在意的”。故选A项。4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“Thismustbeasimplyvastwardro

be!”thoughtLucy,goingstillfurtherin.Thenshenoticedthattherewassomethingcrunchingunderherfeet.“Isthatmoremothball?”shethought,stoopin

gdowntofeelitwithherhand.Butinsteadoffeelingthehard,smoothwood,shefeltsomethingsoftandpowderyandextremelycold.“Thisisveryqueer,”shesaid,andwento

nasteportwofurther.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“queer”mean?A．Terrifying.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据上文“Thenshenoticedthat

therewassomethingcrunchingunderherfeet.“Isthatmoremothball?”shethought,stoopingdowntofeelitwithherhand.Butinsteadoffeelingthehard,smoothwood,she

feltsomethingsoftandpowderyandextremelycold.(这时，她感到脚底下有什么东西在吱嘎吱哽作响。我难道踩到了樟脑丸？她想，一边蹲下身来用手去摸。然而她摸到的不是坚硬而又光滑的木头橱底，而是一样

柔软的、粉末似的、冰冷的东西)”可知，露西在衣橱里摸到的不是橱子底，而是柔软的，粉末状的，冰冷的东西，因此推断她会感到奇怪，故划线词词义与C项（奇怪的）意思相近。故选C。5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Intwo-and-a-halfyears,thepairstillhavet

oreplenishtheirincomeswithsomewritingandediting,butthebusinessisgrowingandwithinfiveyearstheyhopetobehelpi

ngfundhalfadozenresearchprojects.Itisabigtask.“Somedayswethinkitwouldbegreattoturnitoff,”MacCallumsays,“butwhenwesee

thewonderonthefaceofapersonwhoisexperiencingsomewhereliketheGalapagosforthefirsttime,weknowwearelivingawonderfu

llife.”7．Theunderlinedword“replenish"inParagraph4means_________.A．consumeB．supplyC．reduceD．control【参考答案】B词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“theirincomeswithsomewriting

andediting,butthebusinessisgrowingandwithinfiveyearstheyhopetobehelpingfundhalfadozenresearchprojects”可知，在两年半的时间里，这对夫妇仍然需要通过一些写作和编辑来

补给他们的收入，但他们的业务正在增长，他们希望在五年内为六个研究项目提供资金。故画线词意思是“补给”。A.consume消耗；B.supply补给；C.reduce减少；D.control控制。故选B。6.【重庆市第八

中学2021届高三二诊】ProfessorSabbatuccireceivedhundredsofcallsfrompeoplehopingtotrickhimintohandingthemthecash.Buttherewasonevoiceherecognizedandhearrangedt

omeetthemaninapark.Therobber,a35-year-oldunemployedfatheroftwo,gavebackthesuitcaseandburstintotears.Hecouldnotbelievewhatwashappening.“Whydidn‟ty

oukeepthemoney?”heasked.Theprofessorreplied,“Icouldn‟tbecauseit‟snotmine.”Thenhewalkedoff,spurningthethief‟sofferofa

reward.27．Theunderlinedword“spurning”inthelastsentencecanbereplacedby________.A．acceptingB．claimingC．rejectin

gD．cancelling【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据所猜词上一句“Theprofessorreplied,“Icouldn‟tbecauseit‟snotmine.”(教授回复道，我不能这样做，因为这不是我的)”可知，教授拒绝了抢劫犯给予的酬金，因为这不是他的

钱。故所猜词spurning的意思为“拒绝”。故选C。7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In1985.C'harlieBurrellinherited（继承）apieceoflandinWestSussex,E

ngland,whichis3.500acres.Ithadbeeninhisfamilyformorethan200years.Asitwasafailingfarm,heandhiswife.IsabellaTree,wereal

lsettorunatraditionalfarm,butsoonrealizedthecostsfaroutweighedtheprofits.Thelandwasn'tsuitableforgrowingcr

opsanymore.So.in2001,thecoupledecidedtotrysomethingelse—anexperimentin“rewilding”，orrestoringenvironmentstotheirnat

uralstate.Theyreintroducednativespecies,includingTamworthpigs,Exmoorponies,longhorncattle,anddeer.Thentheytookoutallthefencesandl

ettheanimalswanderfreely.Inthefollowingyears,thelandwentthroughanincrediblechange.Theonceneatfieldswerecovered

withbushes,creatinghabitatswherenewplantandanimalspeciescouldgrow.Nowit'shometomanydifferentcreatures,includingtworaresp

eciesofbats,nightingales,peregrinefalcons,whitestorks,andeventurtledoves,whosenumbershavedroppedby98percentintheU.K

.overthelastfewdecades!“Wewerelivinginabiologicaldesert.Now,ecologistsareblownawayallthetimebyjusttheamountoflifehere,"Isabellasaid."Itshowsthepoten

tialthatthiskindofprojecthasforchangingtrendsofbiodiversitydecline.What'smore,thelandisnowprofitable!CharlieandIsabellaoffermultiplese

rvicesthere,includingwalkingtours,safaris,photographyclasses,andrewildingworkshops.Theyalsosellmeattocont

roltheirlargeanimalpopulations,andevenallowvisitorstospendanightoutsideinthetentstheysetup.Whatapromisin

goutcome!Thisisamazingnewsforconservationistsandshowsthatourplanetcanbereturnedtoitsnaturalglory,ifonlyweletit.Now,it'sabeautifulremind

erofhowecosystemscanberestoredbylettingMotherNaturetakethecontrol.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第五段“Itshowsthepotentialthatthisk

indofprojecthasforchangingtrendsofbiodiversitydecline.（它显示了这类项目在改变生物多样性下降趋势方面的潜力。）”以及文中表明夫妇的土地上生物种类和数量很多，可以推断，这里的生命数量给生态学家留下了深刻印象。“blow

naway”意思是留下深刻印象。故选B项。8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingaftera

nabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.Idecidedtothinkupametho

dofdealingwithforbiddenfruit."Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.""What'sthat?"theyasked."It'salargew

oodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"Ireplied,"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid."Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwi

ll.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Some

times.studentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomac

tuallykeptthem.Usuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theoffe

nder"inparagraph8referto?A．Thestudent'sparent.B．ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C．Theauthor'sgrandchild.D．Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.【参考答案】

D词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Iwouldreturnthebelonging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结

束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】Asitturnedout,itnotonlyshockedtheUSactress,butalsobroughtcriticismfromthosewhob

elievedFanningwastooyoungcomparedtootherveteransintheindustry.ButFanning‟sactingexperiencewasinfactagoodargumentforherjurymembership.Infact,Fanni

nghasbeenaHollywoodfixtureforlongerthanyourealize.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“veterans”probablymean?A.shockedactr

essesB.greenhandsCexperiencedpeopleD.musicproducers【参考答案】C词义猜测题。根据上文Fanningwastooyoungcomparedtoother可知Fanning相比于那些有经验的人们，还是太年轻了。故可

推测划线部分单词意思为“有经验的人”。故选C。10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It‟sbeenlessthanamonthsinceArnold,aTexashighschoolstudent,wasforbiddenfromgoingtotheproma

ndgraduationunlesshecuthislocs.Ashisstoryspreadonsocialmedia,celebritiesandactivistscametoArnold‟sdefence

andencouragedhimtostanduptohisschool‟shairdiscrimination.Now,inasignificantturnofevents,he‟sproudlywearingh

isownhair-styleatthe2020Oscars.ArnoldandhismotherwereinvitedtoattendastheguestsofdirectorMatthewA．Cherry,whowontheawardforBestAnimatedShort

FilmforHairLovetonight.Fittingly,theshortfilmtellsthestoryofaBlackfatherlearningtostylehisdaughter‟snaturalhair.Arnoldtoldushecoul

dn‟twaittowalktheredcarpetwiththeHairLoveteam.“I‟msograteful.Ineverexpectedanyofthis,”Arnoldsays.“Themessageoftha

tmovieandmymessagegotogethersowell.Ithinkit‟sreallyamazinghowtheyreachedouttomeandhowwecanfightthistogether.”5

．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Violence.B．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.【参考答案】B词句猜测题。根据第一段“Ashisstoryspreadonso

cialmedia,celebritiesandactivistscametoArnold‟sdefenceandencouragedhimtostanduptohisschool‟shairdiscrimination.Now,

inasignificantturnofevents,he‟sproudlywearinghisownhair-styleatthe2020Oscars.”随着他的故事在社交媒体上传开，名人和活动家们都来为阿诺德辩护，并鼓励他勇敢地面对学校对头发的歧视。现

在，事态发生了重大转折，他将骄傲地在2020年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上留着自己的发型。由此可以推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们如何共同与“对头发的歧视”作斗争，因此this指代的就是歧视，故选B11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】Whilestudyin

g,IbeganexploringMexico,crossingthecountryseveraltimesbybus.NowIworkasaphotojournalistinMexicoandalongtheborder,documentingdesperate

situationsthatfaceeverydayMexicans.Thoughnecessaryandimportant,newsstoriesdon‟treflecttheMexicothatIfellforan

dthatishometosomanypeopleIlove.Ataskfocusedonthecountry‟snaturalbeautywasawelcomereprieveforme.9．Whatcanbestreplacetheunderli

nedword“reprieve”inParagraph2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“NowIworkasaphotojournalistinMexicoandalongtheborder,docume

ntingdesperatesituationsthatfaceeverydayMexicans.Thoughnecessaryandimportant,newsstoriesdon‟treflecttheMexicotha

tIfellforandthatishometosomanypeopleIlove.(现在我是一名摄影记者，在墨西哥和边境沿线工作，记录墨西哥人每天面临的绝望处境。尽管这是必要和重要的，但新闻报道并没有反映出我深爱的墨西哥，那里有那么多我爱的人)”可知，作者作为摄影记者在墨西哥工

作，记录着墨西哥人每天都面临的危险状况，而这样的新闻反映不出作者喜欢的墨西哥。现在有这样一个关注墨西哥自然美的工作机全，对作者来说是一个让他开心的缓解机会。故画线词意思为“缓解”。A.Memory.记忆；B.Ide

a.主意；C.Victory.胜利；D.Relief.缓解。故选D。12.【湖南省湖南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark,arisingfifth-graderwhoisFilipino-American,toldHuffPosthe'sb

eendreamingaboutbreakingPhelps'recordeversincehestartedswimmingcompetitivelyatage7."Iwassomotivated,"Clarksaidabouthiswi

n."IwassohappythatIwasabletobeatthatrecord.”PhelpscompetedinhisfirstOlympicsatage15.HewentontobecomethemostdecoratedOlympianinhistory,with28meda

lsoverall.“Everyoneinthecrowdwasexcitedwhentheyrealizedwhataspecialswimtheyhadjustseenwhenweannouncedthelong-standingrecordhadbeenbroken,"C

indyRowland,PacificSwimming'sdirector,wroteinanemail.5．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“decorated”inParagr

aph4?A．Beingpopular.B．Beingrespected.C．Beingtalkedaboutmost.D．Beingawardedmedals.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。A.Beingpopular.流行的，受欢迎的；B.Beingrespected.受尊敬的；C.B

eingtalkedaboutmost.被谈论的最多的；D.Beingawardedmedals.被授予奖牌。根据第四段中的伴随状语“with28medalsoverall（总共有28枚奖牌）”可推测，菲尔普斯是历史上被授予奖牌最多的奥运会选手。故选择D项。13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高

三期末】TheartistsofCreativeGrowthwillbeonviewthroughoutthemonthofAugust,coupledwithmusicalperformancesandfilmscreenin

gsorganizedbyL.A．Takedown.Allproceedsfromthemonthwillbenefittheartistsandspace.Themoneywillbeusedtoimprovetheconditio

nofthestudioandforthedevelopmentoftheartists.“L.A．doesn‟treallyhaveaplacelikeCreativeGrowth,”Olsonsa

id,discussinghishopesfortheshow.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proceeds”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．ProfitsD．

Arrangement【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Allproceedsfromthemonthwillbenefittheartistsandspace.Themoneywillbeusedtoim

provetheconditionofthestudioandforthedevelopmentoftheartists.”可知，这个月所有的proceeds都将造福艺术家和空间。这笔钱将用于改善工作室的条件和促进艺术家的发展。根据句意，结合的上文提到的展出和下文的money，可推知划线

词的意思是“收益”，即八月艺术展的收益。A.Activities.活动；B.Work工作；C.Profits利润，收益；D.Arrangement安排。故选C。14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“Itesteditath

omeandjustcouldn‟tbelievetheresult.IsprayeditinSienna‟sroomfirstandthefloorwasimmediatelysilenced,”sai

dLanzarotti.“Eightmonthslater,itwasstillsilent.Itfeltlikeahugerelief.WhenTracysawthedifferenceforthefirst

time,herfacejustlitup.Youcantreatacoupleofroomsinanhour.”headded.“It‟sano-brainerforanyparentswithnoisyfloors,andit‟llbe

life-changing.”7．Whatdotheunderlinedword“ano-brainer”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Adifficultdecision.B．Anunusualeffort.C．Arealheadache.D．Aneasyjo

b.【参考答案】D词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Youcantreatacoupleofroomsinanhour.”可知，你可以在一个小时内处理几个房间，因此对于那些想解决地板噪音问题的父母来说，这是一件轻而易举的事，由此可知画线词词义为“轻而易举的事”，故选D。15

.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】Imightbelettingmyyoungsonwatchtoomuchtelevision.Iamcertainlywatchingtoomanyofhisprograms.Theycanreallybeperplexingasthe

yforceyoutothinkcarefullyaboutthemysteriesoflife.Forexample,whenFranklin(theturtle)wantedapet,hisparentsdidn‟twantittobeafrog.Theyfelt

thatfrogsbelonginapond.Isn‟tthatwhereturtlesbelong?4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perplexing”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．

Confusing.D．Curious.【参考答案】C词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Theycanreallybeperplexingastheyforceyoutothinkcarefullyaboutthemysteriesofli

fe.(它们确实perplexing，因为它们迫使你仔细思考生命的奥秘)”由它们迫使人仔细思考。由此可知，它们是令人困惑的，因此猜测划线词perplexing意为“令人费解的，让人困惑的”。故选C项。