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考点13阅读之细节理解（解析版）【命题趋势】细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行

处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。【重要考向】一、识别细节理解题；二、细节题解题方法；考向一识别细节理解题【

典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithan

astonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettle

rswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersa

ndahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducin

gwaterfowlhabitat.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pol

lutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.【参考答案】A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-i

ncreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了

水禽数量的下降，故选A。【细节题的识别提分秘籍】1.细节题的设题方式(1)简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。Accordingtothepassage,when/where/what/who/why/how(many)….例如：When/Wheredidthestoryh

appen?Whatdidtheauthorthinkaboutaftergettingup?WhoisLucyaccordingtothepassage?Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilk

box?HowlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeupaniPhone?(2)文段篇章细节题Whichofthefollowingis(not)true/falseaccordingtothepassage?

Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat______.Accordingtopassage,weknowthat______.(3)排序题Choosetherighttimeordero

fthefollowingeventsin...2.细节题的选项特征(1)正确选项特征：a.与原文一致。考向二细节理解题解题方法【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingcon

certpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He‟sinterestedint

hemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:„Turn,turn!‟“RobertisthebestpageturnerI‟vehadinmyentirelife.”27.Whyi

sMsRaspopova‟shusband“theworsepageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodoh

isjob.【参考答案】D细节理解题。题干关键词为“theworsepageturner”和MsRaspopova‟shusband。根据最后一段“He‟sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:„Turn,turn!‟(他对音乐很

感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，MsRaspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。【细节理解题型提

分秘籍】1.判断关键词(1)识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：a.大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。b.若题干中没有细节信息，如“Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项

中寻找定位词，方法一致。(2)划出关键词。如：1.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）2.TheTVadsofSparrow______.大写字母开头的词（专有

名词、人名）3.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat______.数字4.WhyisJune6,1990aspecialdayforMommy?数字（时间），大写字母开头的词5.Thewritermentionsthetwoninete

enth-centurycottagestoshowthat______.数字（英文时间）6.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.形容词7.Welearnfromthetextthatin2008______.数字（时间）8.Attheag

eofthirteen,theauthorregardedkeepingadiaryasawayof______.数字（英文时间）9.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?形容词，数字（时间）10.WhiletheBowlerfamily

waslivinginthe1900house,______.大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）2.关键词回文定位即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇】Thenhefoundadigitalmap

pingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram‟ssatellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandreal

izedhewaslookingatatown‟scentralbusinessdistrictfromabird‟s-eyeview.Hethought,“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethet

hree-platformtrainstation”—andthereitwas.“Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain”—andthereitwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.22.

HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps

.D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.【参考答案】C事实细节题根据前两句Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram‟ssat

ellitepictures.和最后一句Everythingjuststartedtomatch.可知主人公是通过研究数字地图找到家乡的。2.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解B篇】Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohn

ElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewas

wronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Fam

iliesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighbo

rhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities(机会)forchildr

entogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabout

theirday.24.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins‟predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroduce

thetopic.C.Tosupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.25.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren‟sphysic

alactivity?A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.【参考答案】24.B推理判断题根据第一段最后一句Buthe

waswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖这个主题。25.C事实细节题根据第三段Familiesarepressedfortime

...livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的decre

ase和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案lackoftime和文中第三段的arepressedfortime是同义转述。3.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsasthey

completedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50d

ecibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsin

the70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sin

cetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand8

5decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan‟tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawn

intoothers‟conversationswhilewe‟retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversati

onsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.33.Whichl

evelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence.B.50decibelsC.70decibels.D.85decibels.34.Whatmakesanopenoffice

unwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.

Constantinterruptions.【参考答案】33.C细节理解题。根据第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70dec

ibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量

为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestud

yalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当

的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。34.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofu

shateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhi

lewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreative

process,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们

的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断

地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D项。4.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,

we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfact

ors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,per

severance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.L

essdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.【参考答案】A细

节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we‟reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswhereverthey

appear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。5.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpe

opleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthat

hischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgett

ingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNa

ture".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhic

hchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.25.HowdidDavidBondadvo

catehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetwo

rkoffriends.【参考答案】A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself...,afilmwhichchartsthebirthofthewildNetwork

,agroupoforganizationswiththecommongoalofpettingchildrenoutintonature”可知，David是一个电影导演，利用媒体来向孩子们推销大自然，记

录了自己的活动，并且拍成了一部电影ProjectwildThing，由此可知他是通过制作纪录片的形式来倡导自己的想法的。故选A。6.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tq

uitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybuthisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.

Itwasn'tuntil1980-32yearsintohiscareer-thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplane!Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalf

ofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.22.WhatdoweknowaboutNielse

ninthesecondhalfofhiscareer?A.Hedirectedsomehighqualitymovies.B.Heavoidedtakingonnewchallenges.C.Hefocusedonplayingdramati

croles.D.Hebecameasuccessfulcomedyactor.【参考答案】D细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的inthesecondhalfofhiscareer可将本题题眼锁定在第二段。根据第二段中的“Thatmovieledhimintothesecon

dhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhen...”可知，尼尔森在其事业的后半段因为电影Airplane而成为一名成

功的喜剧演员。故选D项。7.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisabou

tfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport‟srulesrequirethataracewalker‟skneesstaystraightthroughmosto

fthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It‟sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,howev

er,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymust

runlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.【参考答案】C细节理解题。根据“Butthesp

ort‟srulesrequirethataracewalker‟skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwitht

hegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。8.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Asaresult,sh

esays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner‟sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport‟sstrangeformdoesplaceconsi

derablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewi

shingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakess

omepractice.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It‟smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It‟slesschallengingphysically.C.It‟smoreeffectiv

einbodybuilding.D.It‟slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30WhatisDr.Norberg‟ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts‟opinions.B

.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.【参考答案】29.D细节理解题。根据“Asaresult,shesays,someofthein

juriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner‟sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常

见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。30.A细节理解题。根据Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertol

earnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。9.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】Theengineersatthe

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtope

rformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey‟reshortofwatera

ndaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We‟rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacef

unctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.33.Whatisthefunctionofthesensorsprinte

donplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants‟lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestche

micalsinplants.【参考答案】A细节理解题。根据段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwatera

ndaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物

叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。10.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversi

tyofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasigni

ficantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents‟income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.24.Inwhichaspectdoch

ildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.【参考答案】B细节理解题。根据第二段中…f

oundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，

孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.

Parents‟age.B.Children‟simagination.C.Parents‟education.D.Child-parentrelationship.【参考答案】C细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredicto

rofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈

话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。11.【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】Theresearchersanalyz

edvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatia

lskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessed

theirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplayw

ithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles

.【参考答案】D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelyt

oplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。12.【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewk

indofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBa

jau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhous

eboats;inrecenttimes,they‟vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,

"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIs

landinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanusl

ocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.N

earrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theyc

ouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.【参考答案】33.D细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhun

dredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoas

talwaters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.(沿

海)符合以上说法，故选D项。34.C细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我们很惊讶，

他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。13.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】Asdataandident

itytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscan

s—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavec

omeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasurestheca

dence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingslik

etheforceofauser‟stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardca

ndeterminepeople‟sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit‟sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegets

thepasswordright.Italsodoesn‟trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen‟talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandevery

bodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword＂touch＂fourtimesusingthesmartkeybo

ard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyb

oardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomake

ittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyin

typingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartke

yboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecurit

ymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It‟llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It‟llreachconsumerssoon.C.It‟l

lbemadeofplastics.D.It‟llhelpspeeduptyping.【参考答案】28.D事实细节题根据第一段最后一句Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpen

sive,though和第二段第一句…theyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem可知，研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。29.C事实细节题根据第三段Everybodyus

esakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently可知，人与人打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。30.B事实细节题根据最后一段thekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocomme

rcializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture可知，实

现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。14.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I‟msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere‟

srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails

,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusontheki

dswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidsc

oreagoal.26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She‟llworkforanotherseas

on.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.【参考答案】D事实细节题根据第三段的Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.可知，这位家长后来成为社团里的一个有力帮手。15.【2

019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon‟sstudentshavebeen

studyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey‟reclosetoasolution（解决方案）.“Wedon‟tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNA

SAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager."Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'

Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it‟s'I‟vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engin

eerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it‟snotaverynicethingattimes.It‟sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct."34.Whatdot

heNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gra

detheirhomework.【参考答案】A事实细节题根据第三段最后两句Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it‟snotaverynicethingattim

es.It‟sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.可知，美国国家航空航天局的工程师们会亲自审查学生们制作的产品。16.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】Beforethe1830s,mostnewspape

rsweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamounts

wereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnews

papershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallth

at.28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.In

expensive.D.Confidential.【参考答案】28.B事实细节题根据第一段第四句和第五句Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassau

dience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive可同义异构为文中的dullandvisuallyforbidding。32.C事实细节题根据第二段Ateamofresearc

herstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols…with0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthente

sted…可知，实验开始前，研究人员先对猴子进行训练。17.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate2

6clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthem

onkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholed

theteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymb

olsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsi

deofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthise

xample.33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.【参考答案】B事

实细节题根据第三段Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;…可知，猴子通过触摸屏幕得到奖励。1.【河北唐山市第一中学2021届高三质检】Asafather

oftwogirls,Williamshadacallingtohelpsinglemoms,widowsandmilitarywives.Williamsborrowedmoneyandaskedpeopleheknewfordonationstostarthisnewcareer,andse

veralmonthslater,heopenedTheGarage,anonprofitthatrepairsvehiclesforwomeninneed-atnocost.Theorganizationgivesrenewedvehiclesawa

y,too.Williamsunderstoodtheeconomicdifficultybeingcarlesscancause,andhowhisnonprofitcouldhelp.“Carrepairscanbeexp

ensive,andwhereIlive,it‟sveryrural.”Williamsexplained.“Soifyoudon‟thaveacar,youcan‟tgetajob.Andifyoudon‟thaveajob,youcan‟tbuyacar.It‟sacrueld

ilemma.”6．WhatdoweknowaboutTheGarage?A．ItwassetupbyWilliamsforhisdaughters.B．Ithasdonated127vehiclestothoseinneed.C．Ithelpspoorwomenrepairtheir

vehiclesforfree.D．Ithaswonfinancialsupportfromthegovernment.【参考答案】C细节理解题。根据文中第四段“Williamsborrowedmoneyandaskedpeoplehe

knewfordonationstostarthisnewcareer,andseveralmonthslater,heopenedTheGarage,anonprofitthatrepairsvehiclesforwomeninneed-a

tnocost.(Williams借了钱，向他认识的人寻求捐款，以开始他的新事业。几个月后，他开设了TheGarage，这是一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性修理汽车，而且没有任何费用)”可知，Williams开设TheGar

age是为了帮助贫困妇女免费修车。故选C。2.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质检】DuringWorldWarII,Hedy'smotherwastrappedinVienna.ItwashardforHed

ytohelphermothertogettoAmericabecauseeveryAmericanshipwasgettingblownupbytheNazis.Sosheworkedoninventingaremotecontrolledtorpedo(鱼雷)soadvancedth

atitwouldbeabletohuntdownandblowupeveryNazisubmarineintheAtlantic,thussecuringsafepassagetotheUS.TomakesuretheN

aziscouldn'tdetecttheradiosignalforhertorpedo,shecreateda"secretcommunicationsystem"thatcouldn'tbedetected.5．WhatledLamarrtoinventanewcommu

nicationsystem?A．Herpassionforscience.B．Herinterestinperforming.C．Hercontractwithastudio.D．Herdesiretohelphermotherout.【参考答案】D细节理解题

。根据第三段“ItwashardforHedytohelphermothertogettoAmericabecauseeveryAmericanshipwasgettingblownupbytheNazis.

Sosheworkedoninventingaremotecontrolledtorpedo(鱼雷)soadvancedthatitwouldbeabletohuntdownandblowupeveryNazisubmarineintheAtlanti

c,thussecuringsafepassagetotheUS.(海蒂很难帮助她的母亲去美国，因为每艘美国船都被纳粹炸毁了。因此，她致力于发明一种遥控鱼雷，这种鱼雷非常先进，可以追踪并炸毁大西洋上的每一艘纳粹潜艇，从而确保通往美国的安全通道)”可知，是L

amarr想帮助母亲摆脱困境的愿望促使她发明了一种新的通信系统。故选D。3.【湖南省岳阳市一中2021届高三模拟】Onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago,IenteredtheTrackKitchen,arestaurant

whereeveryonefromthehumblest(卑微的)tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast.Inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly,unshavenman,wholookedsomewhatdish

eveled.Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.IaskedifImightjoinhim.HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntohavemybreakfast.Wecautiouslybeg

anaconversationandspokeaboutawiderangeofthings.Weneverintroducedourselves.Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordso

methingtoeat.SoasIrosetogobacktothecounterandbuyasecondcupofcoffee,Iasked,“MayIgetyousomething?”“Acoffeewouldbenice.”2．Theauthorboughtcoffeefor

theoldmanbecause____________.A．hethoughttheoldmanwaspoorB．hewantedtostartaconversationC．heintendedtoshowhispolitenessD．hewouldliketothanktheol

dman【参考答案】A细节理解题。第二段第三句“Iwasconcernedthathemighthavenomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat．”我想他可能没有钱，也不能买一些吃的东西。由此可知，作者给老人买咖啡是因为作者认为老人很穷。故选A4.【

湖南省岳阳市一中2021届高三模拟】GrowingupinPhiladelphia,Liebermanstartedcookingwithhisstay-at-homedadwhenhewasseven．Hisfood-lovingfamilyhadtwokitchens,andhequickly

learnedwhatwasthebestwaytobakehiscakes．Liebermanimprovedhiskitchenskillsgreatlyduringayearabroadbeforecollege,learningfromacook

inItalyandstudyinglocalspecialties（地方特色菜）inGermany,SpainandFrance．AtYale,hewasknownforthrowingdinnerparties,single-handedlyfryingandbak

ingwhilemixingdrinksfordozensoffriends．Justforfun,heandsomefriendsdecidedtotapeashownamedCampusCuisineabouthisc

ooking．Liebermanwasarealcollegestudentshowinghisclassmateshowtodothingslikemakedrinksoutofdining-hallfrui

t．Thathelpedtheshowbecomeverypopularamongthestudents．TheywouldstopLiebermanafterclassestoaskforhisadviceoncooking．Tapesofth

eshowwerepassedaround,withwhichhisnamewentbeyondtheschoolandfinallytotheFoodNetwork．FoodNetworkproducerFlayhopesth

eyoungcookwillfindaplaceonthenetworktelevision．HesaysLieberman‟scharismaiskey．“FoodTVisn‟taboutfoodanymore,”saysFlay．

“It‟saboutyourpersonality（个性）andfindingawaytokeeppeople‟seyeballsonyourshow．”5．TheFoodNetworkgottoknowLieberman____．A

．atoneofhispartiesB．fromhisteachersC．ThroughhistapedshowD．onatelevisionprogram【参考答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段“Tapesofthesh

owwerepassedaround,withwhichhisnamewentbeyondtheschoolandfinallytotheFoodNetwork．”（该节目的录音带被传阅，他的名字被传到了学校之外，最后传

到了美食频道）可知美食频道通过利伯曼的录音带认识了他。故选C。5.【湖南长沙一中2021届高三模拟】JohnH.JohnsonwasborninablackfamilyinArkansasCityin1918.HisfatherdiedinanaccidentwhenJohnwassix.

Hewasreachinghighschoolage,buthishometownofferednohighschoolforblacks.Luckily,hehadstrong-willed(意志坚强的),caringmother.Johnremembersthathism

othertoldhimmanytimes,“Son,youcanbeanythingyoureallywanttobeifyoujustbelieve.Shetoldhimnottobedependenton(

依靠)others,includinghismother.“Youhavetoearnsuccess,”saidshe.“Allthepeoplewhoworkharddon‟tsucceed,buttheonlypeoplewhodosucceedarethosewhoworkhar

d.”4．WhydidJohn‟smotherdecidetomovetoChicago?Because________.A．John‟sfatherdiedinhishometownwhenhewasveryyoungB．lifewastoohardf

orthemtostayonintheirhometown,whilelifeinChicagowouldbebetterforblacksC．therewerenoschoolsforblacksintheirhometownD．Johnneededmoreeduca

tionandhecouldgotoschoolthere【参考答案】D细节理解题。根据第一段“Hewasreachinghighschoolage,buthishometownofferednohighschoolforblacks.(他已经到了高中年龄，但他的家乡

没有为黑人提供高中。)”和第四段“ButthereJohncouldgotoschool,andtherehelearnedthepowerofwords—aseditorofthenewspaperandyearbookofDu

StableHighSchool.(但在那里，John可以去上学，在那里他学到了文字的力量——他是DuStable高中的报纸和年鉴的编辑。)”可知，John的妈妈去芝加哥的原因是John需要更多的教育，他可以在那里上学。故选D项。

6.【重庆市2021届高三二诊】Uponreadingthenote,Conniestartedtocry.Shewasfullofappreciationfortheletter.Sheandherhusbandagreedthattheirson‟s

middlenameshouldbeJames.Afterdeliveringthenotetothebaby‟sfamily,thenursesinsistedonintroducingJamietoConnieandhernewborn

son.Themeetingwasanemotionalone.Andoverthecourseofthelastyear,thetwofamilieshavekeptintouchandbecomefastfriends.26．Whatdidthecoupledoafte

rreadingthenote?A．TheyhurriedlywentouttoaskforhelpfromJamie.B．Theythankedthosenursesforconsiderationwarmly.C．Theyaskedthenursestoarrangeam

eetingwithJamie.D．Theymiddle-namedthebabyafterJamie‟sfather‟sname.【参考答案】D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Sheandherhusba

ndagreedthattheirson‟smiddlenameshouldbeJames.(她和丈夫一致同意，儿子的中间名应该是詹姆斯。)”可知，这对夫妇阅读过信之后决定以杰米父亲的名字为孩子的中间名。故选D。7.【广东汕头市2021届质量监测】Shaycannotlearnas

otherchildrendo.WhenachildlikeShaycomesintotheworld,anopportunitytorealizetruehumannaturepresentsitself,anditcomes,i

nthewayotherpeopletreatthatchild.Seeingsomeboysplayingbaseball,Shaywonderedifhecouldjoinin.Hisfatherknewitdiffi

cult,buthealsounderstoodifShaywereallowed,itwouldgivehimasenseofbelonging.4．AccordingtoShay'sfather,whatco

uldShaygetfromplayingbaseballwiththeboys?A．Truehumannature.B．People‟spresents.C．Asenseofbelonging.D．Physicalexercise.【参考答案】C细节理

解题。根据第一段最后一句“Hisfatherknewitdifficult,buthealsounderstoodifShaywereallowed,itwouldgivehimasenseofbelonging.(他的父亲知道这很困难

，但他也明白一旦Shay被他们接受，将给他一股归属感)”可知，在父亲看来，和男孩们玩棒球可以给Shay归属感。故选C。8.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Afterconnectingwiththeopportunitya

ndsuccessfullycompletingtheapplicationprocess,Kajalgottowork.Herroleinvolvedreviewing44in-depthapplicationsfrompotentialcandidate

sacrossLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanforafour-weekfellowshipintheU.S..Shewasresponsiblefordescribingthebusinessideaspresentedbythesecandidates,assess

ingthesocialimpactoftheirbusinesses,anddeterminingthestrengthofcandidatestocarryouttheirplans.Withalm

ost4,000applicantsin2017,volunteerslikeKajalwereimportantmembersoftheYLAIteam.5．WhatwasincludedinKaja

l‟svoluntaryworkforYLAI?A．Carryingouttheselectedbusinessplans.B．Assessingtheapplicationsofcandidates.C．Helpingcandidatesthinkupbusinessideas.

D．Simplifyingcandidates‟applicationprocess.【参考答案】B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Herroleinvolvedreviewing44in-depthapplicationsfrompotentialcandidates

acrossLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanforafour-weekfellowshipintheU.S..（她的任务是详尽地审查来自拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的44份潜在候选人申请，这些申请是为了参加为期四周的美国奖

学金项目）”可知，Kajal在YLAI的工作包括了评估候选人的申请，故选B。9.【海南省海南中学2021届高三模拟】Againinmiddleschool,Iexperiencedthissamebelief.Therewerevari

ousschooldancesandschoolholidayevents.Iwasnotveryfondofgoingtotheseevents,thinkingthatIwouldeitherbemadefunoforjustsimplybebored.Iwent

tomyfirstschooldanceinthe7thgrade.Itwasaschoolwelcomingdance.AtfirstIreallydidnotwanttogobutmymomforcedmeto

goanyway.Iwasnothappywiththechoicemymommade,butsoonregrettedmydoubt.Thedancewasreallyfun,withmusic,food,andfriends.Mymomwasright.Inevert

houghtthedancewouldbeenjoyable.6．Theauthorwenttotheschooldancebecause________.A．shelikeddancingB．shewasafraidofmissingitC．shethoughtitwouldbe

enjoyableD．shewasforcedtogobyhermother【参考答案】D细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AtfirstIreallydidnotwanttogobutmymomforcedmeto

goanyway.”（一开始我真的不想去，但我妈妈强迫我去。）可知，作者去参加学校舞会是因为她母亲强迫她去的。故选D。10.【河北省邯郸市2021届高三模拟】Inhishomeworkshop,hestartedt

othinkofhowhecouldmakeamorestabletricycleforher.Hestartedtotakethingsapartandputtheusefulpiecesbacktogether.“Ifixedthepedals（踏板）withbrakes

,andIdidn'tputonhandlebars,”hetoldSempreFamiliaalocalnewsmedium.Thisvehicleisn'tjustfun；it'salsopractical.Clovisaddedabasketbehindth

eseat,sothatEmilycancarryherbackpackforschool,orsomegroceries,becauseshelikestogotothesupermarketandbakerywithhim.Emily'sspecialtricycleis

alsostylish."Afterthetricyclewasready,IpainteditpinkandpurplebecauseEmilychosethosecolors.Shewasveryhappy,andIwasevenhappie

r,"Clovissaid.26．HowwouldEmilycontrolthetricyclehergrandfathermade?A．Byholdingthehandlebars.B．Bykeepingherbalanceontheseat.C．Byput

tingherhandonthebrakes.D．Bypressingthebrakesonthepedals.【参考答案】D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Ifixedthepedals（踏板）withbrakes，an

dIdidn'tputonhandlebars，”（我在踏板上安装了刹车闸，没有把车把装上）可知，爷爷在踏板上安装了刹车闸，所以小女孩可以通过脚踩踏板上的刹车闸控制三轮车。故选D。11.【湖南省衡阳市第八中学2021届高三模拟

】The2020NobelPrizeinliteraturehasbeenawardedtoformerU.S.PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）LouiseGluck.Theprizecommitteecited“heruniquepoe

ticvoicethatwithplainbeautymakesindividualexistenceuniversal”.GluckisthefirstAmericanwomantowintheawardsinceToniMorrisonin1993.Gluck,77,joins

alistofliterarygiantsandpreviousNobelistswhoinclude,inthiscentury,Canadianshort-storymasterAliceMunro,Chinesemagical-realistMoYan,etc.Gluck‟sworki

ncludes12collectionsofpoetryandafewvolumesofessaysonliterarywriting.“Allarecharacterizedbyastrivingforclarity（清晰）.Childhoodandfamilyli

fe,thecloserelationshipwithparentsandsiblings,isathemethathasremainedcentraltoher,”AndersOlsson,thechairmanoftheNob

elCommitteeforLiterature,said.“Sheseekstheuniversal,andinthisshetakesinspirationfrommythsandclassicalmotifs,”Olssonadded,citingher2006collecti

onAverno,whichthecommitteedescribedas“masterly”forits“visionaryinterpretationofthemythofPersephone‟s(珀尔塞福涅)fallintohe

llinthecaptivity(囚禁)ofHades(哈得斯),thegodofdeath”.25．WhatdoGluck‟spoemsmainlyfocuson?A．Dailylife.B．Nature.C．Careers

.D．Classicalmyths.【参考答案】A细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Gluck‟sworkincludes12collectionsofpoetryandafewvolumesofessaysonliterarywri

ting.“Allarecharacterizedbyastrivingforclarity（清晰）.Childhoodandfamilylife,thecloserelationshipwithparentsa

ndsiblings,isathemethathasremainedcentraltoher,””格拉克的作品包括12本诗集和几卷文学写作随笔。所有这些都以力求清晰为特征。童年和家庭生活，与父母和兄弟姐妹的亲密关系，一直是她的核心主题。由此可知她的诗主要关注的都是日常生活。故选A。1

2.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三调研】Battlingfreezingtemperatures,totaldarkness,andotherdangerousflyingconditions,aplanelefttheSouthPoleonWednes

dayafterrescuingasickworkerfromaU.S.researchbase.Afterthepatientandflightcrewrest,theplanewillmakeitsw

aytoSouthAmerica,wherethepatientwillreceivemedicalcare.Thedaringrescuemission(任务）beganlastweekwhentwoplane

sflewfromCanadatoRothera,aBritishbaseontheAntarcticPeninsula.OnTuesday,justoneoftheplanesleftRotheraona10-hourtriptotheAmundsen-Scot

tSouthPoleStation,wherethesickworkerwaslocated.5．WhatdoweknowabouttheAmundsen-ScottSouthPoleStation?A．ItisaBri

tishresearchbase.B．ItisaUSresearchbase.C．Itisaten-hourflightfromCanada.D．ItisamedicalcentreontheAntarcticPeninsula.【参考答案】B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Battlingfr

eezingtemperatures,totaldarkness,andotherdangerousflyingconditions,aplanelefttheSouthPoleonWednesdayafterrescuingasickworkerfromaU.S.researc

hbase.(一架冒着严寒、黑暗和其他危险飞行条件的飞机，在营救了美国一个研究基地的一名生病的工作人员后，于周三离开了南极。)”可知，阿蒙森-斯科特南极站是美国的一个研究基地。故选B。13.【江苏省苏州中学20

21届高三调研】OnacoldwinterdayinDenver,Iwaitedinlinetoseemyhero,JackCanfield,theco-authorofthebest-sellingChickenSoupfortheSoulseriesandtheauthorof

TheSuccessPrinciples.WhatJackhadbecomewasaversionofwhatIwantedtobe.4．Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthattheauthor_________.A．wantedJacktoautograp

hherbookB．wantedtobeassuccessfulasJackC．wantedtomakefriendswithJackD．wantedtogethelpfromJack【参考答案】B细节理解题。根据第一段的“WhatJackhadbecomewasav

ersionofwhatIwantedtobe.(杰克变成了我想成为的一个版本。)”可知作者想跟杰克一样成功。故选B14.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】Thatwashowtheadventures

began.Itwasthesortofhousethatyouneverseemtocometotheendof,anditwasfullofunexpectedplaces.Thefirstfewdoorstheytriedle

donlyintosparebedrooms,aseveryonehadexpectedthattheywould;butsoontheycametoaverylongroomfullofpictures;andafterthatwasaroo

mallhungwithgreen,withaharpinonecorner;andthenakindoflittleupstairshallandadoorthatledoutontoabalcony.Andshortlya

fterthattheylookedintoaroomthatwasquiteemptyexceptforonebigwardrobe,thesortthathasalooking-glassinthedoor.“Nothingthere!”EverybodyrushedoutbutL

ucystayedbecauseshethoughtitwouldbeworthwhiletryingthedoorofthewardrobe,eventhoughshefeltalmostsurethatitwouldbelocked

.Tohersurprise,itopenedquiteeasily,andtwomothballsdroppedout.5．Whydidn‟tLucygooutoftheroom?A．Shewantedtoexp

lorethewardrobe.B．Shefoundherfavouritefurcoats.C．Shewasattractedbymothballs.D．Shelikedthesmelloftheroom.【参考答案】A细节理解题。根据第二段“Everybod

yrushedoutbutLucystayedbecauseshethoughtitwouldbeworthwhiletryingthedoorofthewardrobe,eventhoughshefelt

almostsurethatitwouldbelocked.(大家都跟着走出去了，只有露茜一个人留在后面，她想试试把那个大衣橱打开，尽管她儿乎肯定衣橱的门是锁着的)”可知，露西没有走出房间是因为她想探索那个大衣橱。故选A。15.

【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】Johnwaswaitingforthegirlwhoseheartheknew,butwhosefacehedidn‟t,thegirlwiththerose.Thirteenmonthsago,inaFlorid

alibraryhetookabookofftheshelfandfoundhimselfattractedbythenotesinthemargin(页边).Thesofthandwritingreflect

edathoughtfulsoulandinsightfulmind.Infrontofthebook,hediscoveredthepreviousowner‟sname,MissHollisMaynell.Withtimeandeffort,h

elocatedheraddress.Hewroteheraletterintroducinghimselfandinvitinghertocorrespond.Duringthenextyearandonemonth,thetwogrewtokn

oweachotherthroughthemail.Aromancewasdeveloping.Johnrequestedaphotograph,butsherefused.Shefeltthatifher

eallycared,itwouldn‟tmatterwhatshelookedlike.Latertheyscheduledtheirfirstmeeting-7:00p.m.atGrandCentralStationinNewYork.1．WhathappenedtoJohnthir

teenmonthsago?A．Hewastouchedbyagirl‟snotesinabook.B．Hewaswaitingforagirloutsidealibrary.C．Hehappenedtoreadathoughtfulandinsig

htfulbook.D．HemadeacquaintancewithMissHollisMaynell.2．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHollisMaynell?A．Shewasjustthelady

Johnwasgoingtomeet.B．Shewasamiddle-agedwomanwhowasunattractive.C．ShehappenedtopassbytheGrandCentralStation.D．She

wasrequiredtoweararoseonhercoat.【参考答案】1．A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thirteenmonthsago,inaFloridalibraryhetookabookofftheshelfandfoundhimselfattractedb

ythenotesinthemargin(页边).Thesofthandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandinsightfulmind.”（十三个月前，在佛罗里达的一个图书馆里，他从书架上拿下一本书，发现自己被页边空白处的笔记吸

引住了。柔和的笔迹反映出一个深思熟虑的灵魂和有洞察力的头脑）可知，十三个月前，John被一个女孩在书中的笔记所感动。故选A项。2．A细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infrontofthebook,hediscoveredthepreviousowner‟sname,MissHollisMaynell

.Withtimeandeffort,helocatedheraddress.”（在书的前面，他发现了前一个主人的名字，HollisMaynell小姐。经过时间和努力，他找到了她的地址）以及“Latertheyscheduledtheirf

irstmeeting-7:00p.m.atGrandCentralStationinNewYork.”（随后，他们安排了第一次会面——晚上7点在纽约中央车站）可知，HollisMaynell就是John想要约会的女士。故选A项。1.