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课时质量评价(二十五)选择性必修第二册Unit1GrowingupA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空A(2020·吉林辽源联考)Lucylookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh­facedandfulloflife.Lucyi

slookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA­levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends,16­year­oldLucyisnotspendinghalf-term1.________(rest)

.Instead,sheisearning$6，500adayas2.________modelinNewYork.Lucy3.________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamil

liondollarsinthenewyear.Herfatherwantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButLucy,4.________hastakenpartinshowsalongwitht

opmodels,wants5.________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty,sosheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6.________(educate)．Shehasturneddownse

veral7.________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrate8.________herstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforego

ingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.Lucysays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment

,schoolcomesfirst.Idon'twanttogettoo9.________(absorb)inmodelling.Itis10.________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohav

enothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan'tmodelanymore.”【语篇解读】年仅十六岁的露西在模特界崭露头角，但当规划自己的未来时，露西做出了自己的选择。1.resting考查非谓语动词。spendtime(in)doingsth.是一个固定短语

，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填resting。2.a考查冠词。model是可数名词，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且model以辅音音素开头，故填a。3.wastold/hasbeentold考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，主语Lucy和tell之间是被动关系，告知的行为已经发生了，

可用一般过去时的被动语态。亦或强调被告知的信息给露西带来的影响，可用现在完成时的被动语态。故填wastold/hasbeentold。4.who考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lucy，指人，设空处在从句中充当主

语，故填who。5.toprove考查非谓语动词。wanttodosth.是固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”，故填toprove。6.education考查词性转换。设空前有形容词性物主代词her，因此设空处要用名词，此处表示“教育”，故填education。7.invitations

考查名词的单复数。设空处前为several,invitation意为“(口头或书面的)邀请”时，为可数名词，此处要用复数形式，故填invitations。8.on考查介词。concentrateonsth.是固定

短语，意为“专注于某事”，故填on。9.absorbed考查词性转换。getabsorbedin为固定短语，意为“专心致志于”，故填absorbed。10.certainly考查词性转换。分析句子可知设空后的fun是形容词

，应用副词来修饰，故填certainly。BHappinessislikeasmallstone1.________(drop)intoapooltocauseacircleofripples.2.________Stevensonhassaid,beinghappyisaduty.Therei

snoexactdefinitionoftheword“happiness”.Happypeoplearehappy3.________allsortsofreasons.Thekeyisnotwealth

orphysicalwell-being,sincewefind4.________(home)people,disabledpeopleandso-calledlosersareextremelyhappy.Beinghappyisasortofunexpecte

dgain.Butstayinghappyis5.________accomplishment,asuccessofsoulandcharacter.Actuallyitisnotselfishtostriveforit.Itis,indeed,adutytoourse

lvesandothers.Beingunhappyislikeaninfectiousdisease.Itcausespeople6.________(stay)awayfromthesufferer.Hesoonf

indshimselfalone.Thereis,however,acureforit:ifyoudon'tfeelhappy,pretendtobe.Itworks.Beforelongyouwillfindthatinsteadofre

pellingpeople,youattractthem.Youwilldiscover7.________deeplyrewardingitistobethecentreofwiderandwidercirclesofgoodwill.Thenthemake-believebecomes

a8.________(real).Youbecomereallyhappy.Beinghappy,onceitisrecognisedasadutyanddevelopsintoahabit,9.________(open)doo

rsintoamazinggardenswhicharefullof10.________(thank)friends.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了幸福、快乐的定义。1.dropped考查非谓语动词。分析句子结

构可知，drop在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语stone构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填dropped。2.As考查连接词。此处为方式状语从句，表示“正如”，应用as，句首字母要大写。故填As。3.for考查介词。behappyfor表示“为„„而感到高兴”，为

固定短语。故填for。4.homeless考查形容词。修饰下文中的名词people，应用形容词homeless。故填homeless。5.an考查冠词。accomplishment为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不

定冠词，且accomplishment为以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。6.tostay考查非谓语动词。causesb.todosth.表示“使某人做某事；导致某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填tostay。7.how考查连接词

。此处为感叹句，感叹后文副词deeply应用how。故填how。8.reality考查名词。根据上文中的冠词a可知应填单数名词。故填reality。9.opens考查主谓一致。本句主语为Beinghappy，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填opens。10.th

ankful考查形容词。修饰下文中的名词friends，应用形容词thankful，表示“感激的”。故填thankful。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.玛丽违反了校规，那就是为什么她正在受校长的惩罚。(why)Marybroketheschoolrules.Thatiswhysheisbeingp

unishedbytheheadmaster．2.噪音似乎是从楼下传过来的。(asif)Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs.3.你童年的经历会影响你在社会上生存的方式。(theway)Theexperiencesinyourchildhoo

dwillinfluencethewayyousurviveinsociety．4.邻居们把自己的空闲时间用于帮助他人重建家园。(devote...to...)Neighboursdevotedtheirsparetimet

ohelpingothersrebuildhomes.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AThere'snoplacelikehome.ThisEnglishsayinghasmuchtruthinit:thebestplacetobeissurroundedbyourtreasuredpossessi

onsandourlovedonesandwitharoofoverourhead.Andformanyyoungadults,it'stheonlyaffordableplacetostay;somewherewhereth

eycanreceivefirst-classservicefrommumanddad.Butthiscomesataprice!Insomecountries,it'squitetraditionalforpeopleintheirlatet

eensandearly20stoliveathomewiththeirparents,butinotherplaces,flyingthenesttostarttheirownindependentlifeisverydesirable.B

utthere'sbeenagrowingtrend,intheUKatleast,foryoungpeopletoreturnhometolive—ornottoleavehomeatall.Asurveybyapricecomparisonwebsitefo

undthat18%ofadultchildrenintheUKsaidtheyweremovingbackhomebecauseofdebt,comparedwith8%lastyear.Moreyoungpeoplehadlost

theirjobs,andotherscouldn'taffordtheirrentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.So,it'seasytoseewhythey'reincreasinglybecominghomebi

rds.TheBBC'sLucyHookerexplainsthatmanyreturningadultchildrenenjoyhomecomforts.Butforthe“hoteliers”，that'smumanddad.Thesurveyfoundthea

veragecosttothemhasgoneupsharply,andthattheyaresacrificingluxuriesandholidaystolookaftertheir“bigkids”.EmmaCraigf

romMoneysupermarketsays“They'retryingtolookaftertheirchildrenmore.Ifyourchildcomeshomeandyouseethemstrugglingfinancially,youfeelmoreawkward

askingthemforrentortocontribute.Ittugsonyourheartstringsmore.”Withparentssplashingoutaround￡1，886ontakeawayfood,buyingnewfurnitureandupgrad

ingtheirWi­Fiforthebenefitoftheiroffspring,it'seasyforthereturningchildrentoputtheirfeetupandmakethemselvesathome.That'sbeforetheylear

nahometruth—thatonedayitmightbetheirownkidswho'llbecheckingintothehotelofmumanddad!1.Whichproverbmightpresen

ttheyoungBritish'slivingconditions?A.Alazyyouth,anawfulage.B.Eastorwest,homeisbest.C.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.D.No

thingcomeswrongtoahungryman.2.Whichmightbethereasonfortheincreaseofhomebirds?A.Thepopularityoflivingindependently.B.Lookingaftertheiroldparen

ts.C.Theincreaseofunemploymentrate.D.Theirparents'financialoffer.3.What'sEmmaCraig'sattitudetowardshomebir

ds?A.Doubtful.B.Uncertain.C.Objective.D.Understandable.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Returni

ngtolivewithparentscomesataprice.B.Parentsarewillingtoreceivetheirreturningchildren.C.Flyingthenetisbecomingpopularatpresent.

D.Homebirdstakeitforgrantedtolivewiththeirparents.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在很多英国年轻人喜欢回家和父母一起居住的现象以及其背后的原因。1.B推理

判断题。根据第一段中的“There'snoplacelikehome.ThisEnglishsayinghasmuchtruthinit”可知，对英国的年轻人来说合适的谚语是：金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。只有选项B中的home可与文中的home呼应。故选B。2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“M

oreyoungpeoplehadlosttheirjobs,andotherscouldn'taffordtheirrentcomparedwiththepreviousyear.”可知，失业率增加是越来越多的年轻人喜欢回家住的原因之一。故选C。3.D推

理判断题。根据倒数第二段中EmmaCraig说的话“Ifyourchildcomeshomeandyouseethemstrugglingfinancially,youfeelmoreawkwardaskingthemfor

rentortocontribute.”可知，EmmaCraig对回家的孩子的态度是可以理解的。故选D。4.A段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Butthiscomesataprice！”及最后一段内容可知，和父母一起生活是有代价的。故选A。BAccordingtoan

ewstudy,teensfocusonrewardsandhaveahardtimelearningtoavoidpunishmentorconsidertheconsequencesofalternativeactions.UniversityCollegeLondo

nresearcherscomparedhowteensandadultslearntomakechoicesbasedontheavailableinformation.Theytrackedthewayinwhich18volunt

eersaged12－17and20volunteersaged18－32completedtasksinwhichtheyhadtochoosebetweenabstractsymbols.Eachsymbolwasconsistentlyassocia

tedwithafixedchanceofareward,punishment,ornooutcome.Asthetrialprogressed,participantslearnedwhichsymbolswerel

ikelytoleadtoeachoutcomeandadjustedtheirchoicesaccordingly.Teensandadultswereequallygoodatlearningtoc

hoosesymbolsassociatedwithreward,butteenswerelessgoodatavoidingsymbolsassociatedwithpunishment.Adultsalsoperformedsigni

ficantlybetterwhentheyweretoldwhatwouldhavehappenediftheyhadchosentheothersymbolaftereachchoice,whileteensdidnotappeartotakethi

sinformationintoaccount.“Fromthisexperimentallabstudywecandrawconclusionsaboutlearningduringtheteenyears.Wefin

dthatteensandadultslearnindifferentways,somethingthatmightberelevanttoeducation，”saidleadauthorDrStefanoPalminteri.“Unlikeadults,te

ensarenotsogoodatlearningtoadjusttheirchoicestoavoidpunishment.Thissuggeststhatincentive(激励)systemsbasedonrewardratherthanpunishmentmaybemoreeffectiv

eforthisagegroup.Additionally,wefoundthatteensdidnotlearnfrombeingshownwhatwouldhavehappenediftheymadealte

rnativechoices.”Tointerprettheresults,theresearchersdevelopedcomputationalmodelsoflearningandransimulatio

ns(模拟)applyingthemtotheresultsofthestudy.Thefirstwasasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,andthesecondmodeladdedtothisbyalsolearningfromtheoptiont

hatwasnotchosen.Thethirdmodelwasthemostcompleteandtookthefullcontextintoaccount,withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.Forexam

ple,obtainingnooutcomeratherthanlosingapointisweightedequallytogainingapointratherthanhavingnooutcome.Comparingtheexperimentaldatato

themodelstheteamfoundthatteens'behaviourfollowedthesimplereward-basedmodelwhileadults'behaviourmatchedthecomplete,contextualmo

del.“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue，”saidsen

iorauthorDrSarah­JayneBlakemore.“Asaresult,itmaybeusefulforparentsandteacherstoframethingsinmorepositiveterms.”5.Itcanbelearnedfromthestudythat__

______．A.adultsmadechoicesfasterthanteensB.adultsunderstoodrewardsbetterthanteensC.teensreactedbettertorewardthanpunishmentD.teenswereawareoftheou

tcomeofeachchoice6.Whatdoweknowaboutthethreecomputationalmodels?A.Theyreflectedpeople'sstrongdesireforpunis

hmentavoidance.B.Theygavecircumstancesdifferentdegreesofconsideration.C.Theypaidequalattentiontorewardandpunishment.D.They

shapedthebehaviourofpeopleatdifferentages.7.Theunderlinedword“receptive”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________．A.accustomedB.opposedC.sympathet

icD.responsive【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年专注于奖励，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑其他行为的后果。5.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetor

ewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，这个研究表明青少年对于同等价值的奖励和惩罚，更容易接受奖励而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于奖励的反应比惩罚好。故选C。6.B推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Thefirstw

asasimplemodel,onethatlearnedfromrewards,...withequalweightgiventopunishmentavoidanceandrewardseeking.”可知，第一

种是简单的模型，从奖励中学习，第二种模型是从未被选择的选项中学习，第三种模型是最完整的，它考虑了完整的环境，对惩罚规避和奖励寻求给予了同等的权重。这部分语境意在表示三个模型给予环境不同程度的考虑。故选B。7.D

词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Ourstudysuggeststhatteensaremorereceptivetorewardsthantheyaretopunishmentsofequalvalue”可知，青少年对于奖励的反应

比惩罚好。responsive意为“反应积极的”。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空Iworkasawaiteratahotel.Lastnightanelderlywhite,seemingly1couplecameintotheresta

urantandmyco-worker2them.Weusuallydoourown3，butweweresobusylastnightthatwehelpedeachotherout.Atonepointtheelderlycouple4tomethattheywerereadytoorder.

Iusuallyfindit5whenpeoplemaketheirorderinsuchahigh-soundingmanner,butonceI6theirorderIunderstoodwhy.Thehusbandbegano

rderingandstartedstuttering(口吃).Itwas7thathehadaspeechdisorder.Icouldtellthewifehadtoldherhusbandvery8whatshewantedasawayforhimtopractisespeaki

ng.Ittooksometimeforhimtoorderand9shewassittingthereandshelookedso10despiteherhusband'sfrequentstuttering.Thewholethingbroughtmetot

ears,makingmerealisethatahugepartofloveisacceptance,toleranceandsupport.She11havemadetheorderandmadethings

mucheasierforherhusbandandavoidthestaresfromothertables,butshedidn't.12shesupportedhimandwas13toseehimcompletetheorder.Iassumedthesewealthypeopl

ehadeverythinggoingwellforthem.Butitjust14methatallofushaveourproblems.I15tooktheirgestureofwantingtoorderasbadmanners,buttheydidi

tbecausehereallywantedtogettheorderright.Whatatruelove!1.A.confidentB.wealthyC.ordinaryD.energetic2.A.huggedB.supportedC.seatedD.wav

ed3.A.tablesB.cleaningC.favourD.dishes4.A.signalledB.whistledC.explainedD.applied5.A.riskyB.absurdC.rudeD.

difficult6.A.deliveredB.glancedC.changedD.took7.A.importantB.well-knownC.unlikelyD.evident8.A.particularlyB.fran

klyC.casuallyD.regularly9.A.attimesB.ofcourseC.byaccidentD.inthemeantime10.A.contentB.nervousC.aggressiveD.awkward11.A.mustB.needn'tC.couldD.should1

2.A.RatherB.OtherwiseC.InsteadD.Therefore13.A.determinedB.boundC.proudD.encouraged14.A.warnedB.hurtC.inspiredD.reminded15.A.initiallyB.secretly

C.naturallyD.generally【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了身为服务员的作者一次在餐厅接待一对看起来很富有的老夫妻，最初作者觉得他们示意点餐的方式很粗鲁，最后发现这是因为妻子为了锻炼口吃的丈夫而采取的训练方式。这件事让作者明白，爱很大一部分是接纳、包容和扶持

，也让作者意识到其实每个人都有不顺心的事。1.B根据最后一段中的“thesewealthypeoplehadeverythinggoingwell”可知，这对夫妻看起来很富有。故选B。2.C老夫妻来吃饭，同事为他们安排了座位。此处seat

表示“领„„就座”。故选C。3.A根据上文中的“Iworkasawaiteratahotel.”可知，作者是服务员，因此此处是指他们负责自己的那几桌(tables)客人。故选A。4.A根据下文中的“thattheywerereadytoord

er”可知，那对老夫妻向作者示意，他们准备点菜了。此处signal表示“打手势，示意”。故选A。5.C根据下文中的“took...asbadmanners”可知，作者认为客人以如此高调的方式点餐是不礼貌的。故选C。6.D结合下

文中的“theirorderIunderstoodwhy”可知，作者接受了他们的点餐才明白他们为什么要这么高调。故选D。7.D根据上文提到的“丈夫点餐结巴”可知，很明显他说话有障碍。故选D。8.A根据下文中的“whatshewantedasawayforhimto

practisespeaking”可知，妻子之前就明确地告诉了丈夫自己想吃什么，只是想让丈夫来点餐，作为一种练习说话的方式。故选A。9.D丈夫在一边结结巴巴点餐的期间，老太太一直在旁边看着丈夫。inthem

eantime相当于meanwhile，表示“在此期间，同时”。故选D。10.A根据上文可知妻子是特意让丈夫点餐来练习说话的，因此虽然丈夫说话结巴，但是她却很满意。故选A。11.Ccouldhavedon

esth.表示“本来可以做某事(却没有做)”。故选C。12.C句意：但是相反(instead)她支持丈夫点菜，并且很自豪地看到他点完餐。故选C。13.C根据上文中的“shesupportedhim”可知，妻子支持丈夫，因此看到他完成了点餐妻子也感到自豪。故选C。14.D根据下文中的

“allofushaveourproblems”可知，老夫妻点菜的事情提醒了(reminded)作者每个人都有自己不顺心的事情。故选D。15.A根据下文中的“tooktheirgestureofwantingtoorderasbadmanners”可知，作者最初(initially)觉

得他们那么示意点菜是很粗鲁的。故选A。