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2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题07阅读理解说明、议论文一、2020年高考真题说明文1.【2020·全国卷I，C】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontrib

utingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatth

eSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport‘srulesrequirethataracewalker‘skneessta

ystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It‘sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsucha

nattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racew

alkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour

,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000orm

orecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherre

search,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavethegr

ound,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwith

running,suchasrunner‘sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport‘sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablest

ressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingsh

ouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.1.Whya

reracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.

Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It‘smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It‘slesschallengingphy

sically.C.It‘smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It‘slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.3.WhatisDr.Norberg‘ssuggestionforsomeonetryi

ngracewalking?A.Gettingexperts‘opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexe

rcises.4.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor‘sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但

是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport‘srulesrequirethataracewalker‘skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在

摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段―Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesas

sociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner‘sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.‖可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。

故选D项。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话―Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoac

horexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)‖可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。4.B【

解析】推理判断题。根据第一段―Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,h

aveitsownproblem.‖可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。2.【2020·全国卷I，D】Theconnecti

onbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYou

ngstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhent

heirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseinclud

eplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey‘reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwate

r.＂We‘rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringat

MIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano‘steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-

and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosai

d,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesp

rayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant‘slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂whereth

eglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarre

movedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplant

scouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfalli

ncrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.2.Whatisthefunctionofthesensorspri

ntedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants‘lackofwaterB.TochangecompositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Tot

estchemicalsinplants.3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymay

transmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebe

sttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.How

areglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。1.D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrim

e.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄

亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中

Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子

上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中G

lowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightin

gaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthe

distancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdista

nceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很

有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。3.【2020·全国卷II，B】

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relateds

kills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildre

nwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredic

torofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents‘income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzed

videorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofa

gehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.―Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheira

bilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,‖Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalf

ofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmor

efrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlestha

ngirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.Thefindingswerepublishedinthejou

rnalDevelopmentalScience.1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.Gain

inghigh-techknowledge.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents‘age.B.Children‘simagination.C.Parents‘educat

ion.D.Child-parentrelationship.3.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theyten

dtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.4.Whatisthete

xtmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.【文章大意】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果

。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中„foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.D

evelopingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaf

tercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏

被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boy

stendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。4.B【解

析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。4.【2020·全国卷II，C】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuy

fortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn‘tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryin

gtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintocloth

esindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysC

reeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5ata

il.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.―Theecosyst

emdowntherecan‘thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It‘sdestroyingtheenvironment.It‘sthemorus.‖saysMichaelMass

imi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmult

ipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit‘snoteasytoconvincepeoplethat

nutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton‘sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.T

henthere‘sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，‖Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithou

tsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1thinkthat‘sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.‖DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoun

dtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitisec

o-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.

Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaarean

endangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwo

rd―collapsed‖inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.31.Whatcanweinferaboufweari

ngfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It‘sformal.B.It‘srisky.C.It‘sharmful.D.It‘straditional.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布

鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28.推理判断题。根据第二段Unusualfashions

howsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouund

erstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮

制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A

。29.推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人

们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30.词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,

thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激

增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31.推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwea

rwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.”得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所

说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。5.【2020·全国卷III，D】Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientist

slookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighla

ndshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)t

hathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Ag

roupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,

MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they‘vealsobuilthousesonstilt

s(支柱)incoastalwaters.―Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,‖saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhost

udiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvesti

ngshellfish.―Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,‖Dr.Jubiladosaid.―

Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.‖In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhag

en,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaske

asierforthem.―itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,‖saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathel

ptheBajaudive.32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebea

ch.D.Offthecoast.34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldsta

ylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaL

ifeatSeaB.Highlanders‘SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld‘sBestDivers【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，

人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。32.推理判断题。根据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccur

redbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfew

thousandyears.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B

.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。33.细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundred

softhousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'veals

obuilthousesonstiltsincoastalwaters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可

知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。34.细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslo

calislanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwat

er.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofres

earchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要

讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，

故选A项。5.【2020·山东卷，D】AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureating

companionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheav

ierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceonea

tinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensi

bly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhir

edbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeasp

eciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,tak

ingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inoneca

sethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsf

ollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingd

ecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe―I‘llhavewhatshe'shaving‖effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanov

erweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecan

eatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?12.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatin

gbehavior.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―beanpoles‖inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeat

ers.D.Tallthinpersons.14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.

Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.15.Onwhatbasisdowe―adjustth

einfluence‖accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案

】12.D13.D14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。12.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJ

ournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研

究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。13.词义猜测题。根据前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderla

rgeportions（份)”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推断出，画线词和

heavierpeople（超重的人)相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人)正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故选D。14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresea

rchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与

者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I‘llholdb

ackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I‘llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan‘tI?”可

知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人)来调整影响的

。故选C。议论文1.【2020·天津卷，D】Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmeno

fgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIha

veneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasno

tmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.

LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,―Why?Why?Why?‖Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon‘th

avetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.―Thegreatman,‖saidMencius(孟子),―ishewhodoesnotlosehischild

‘sheart.‖Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesus

tooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,wit

hhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewill

probablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.I

thinkofonefriendwhocouldn‘tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangeme

nt.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven‘tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon‘t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven‘tanytime?That‘sgood,becausei

t‘salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You‘retooo

ld?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpicture

swhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou‘llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51.InwritingParagrap

h1,theauthoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument52.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialande

rrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiret

oexplore.53.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadve

nture.D.Followthefashion.54.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.La

ckoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.55.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassag

e?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】51.D52.D53.B54.C55.C【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmak

ethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknowna

noutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相

成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

―Why?Why?Why?‖可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。53.细节理解题。根据

第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,―Why?Why?Why?‖及第四段中的―Thegreatman,‖saidMenci

us(孟子),―ishewhodoesnotlosehischild‘sheart.‖Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowt

hecrowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一

个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven‘tanyspecialability?Mostpe

opledon‘t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven‘tanytime?That‘sgood,becauseit‘salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhog

etthingsdone.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们―缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由‖。故

选C。55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofa

verageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwho

hadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项TheKeystoAchievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。2.【2020·江苏卷，D】Iwasinthemiddl

eoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,d

idnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcel

lphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemis

understood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateven

ingitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscam

eoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,―Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?‖Iw

assurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJua

n‘sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan‘sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Ino

ursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ica

n,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan‘svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleasti

tseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan‘squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknow

aboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotkno

wconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider„,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquickl

yfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofb

acteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutth

ere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthes

ebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollec

tionofscientists,usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethin

gsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeer

s.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewofthe

world.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorga

nisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.65.Howdidtheauthorfee

lonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.66.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguag

e.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalke

eper.67.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan‘squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn‘

tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn‘tthinkJuanwassincere.68.Whatwastheauthor‘sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperart

icles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.69.Howdidth

osebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscientistsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedthe

irfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible.B.TheKno

wnandtheUnknown.C.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilized.D.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent.【答案】65.A66.C67.B68.A69.D70.B【文章大意】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。65.推理判断题。

根据第一段“Wedidn‘tspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustomsandmoreoftenthannot,didn‘tentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldn‘thavefelt

moreforeign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。66.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyoneknewt

herules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚

马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。67.推理判断题。根据第四段“InJuan‘sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西

是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。68.推理判断题。根据第七段“Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newspider...

,andonandontheyappear,mydrawerquicklyfilled,Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelesss

pecies...Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章„„它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在

新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种„„我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。69.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andthe

yfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲

力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。70.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，

作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。二、2020届模拟题说明文一、20

20届云南省昆明市第一中学高三第六次考前基础强化Explorersstartedmakingnavigation(导航)chartsshowinghowwidetheoceanwasmorethan500yearsago.Butit‘smuchhardertocalculateho

wdeepitis.In1872theHMSChallenger,aBritishNavyship,setsailtolearnabouttheocean,includingitsdepth.Itca

rried181miles(291kilometers)ofropetomeasurethedepthoftheocean.Duringtheirfour-yearvoyage,theChallengercrewcollectedsampleso

frocks,mudandanimalsfrommanydifferentareasoftheocean.Theyalsofoundoneofthedeepestzones,inthewesternPac

ific,theMarianaTrenchwhichstretchesfor1,580miles(2,540kilometers).Todayscientistsknowthatonaveragetheoceanis2.3miles(3.7kilometers)deep,butmany

partsaremuchshallowerordeeper.Tomeasuredepththeyusesonar,whichstandsforSoundNavigationAndRanging.Ashipsendsoutpulsesofsoun

denergyandmeasuresdepthbasedonhowquicklythesoundtravelsback.Oceanscientistslikemestudytheseafloorbecauseithelpsusbettermeasuretheoc

ean.Ourplanet‘souter,layerismadeoftectonicplates.TheHawaiian-EmperorSeamountchain,alineofpeaksontheoceanfloor,wascreatedwhe

natectonicplatemovedoveraspotwherehotrockwelledupfromdeepinsidetheEarth.Whentwotectonicplatesmoveawayfromeachotherunderwater,newmaterialris

esupintoEarthslayer.Thisprocess,whichcreatesnewoceanfloor,iscalledseafloorspreading.Sometimessuper-hotliquidsfrominsidetheEarthshootupthroughcracks

intheoceanfloorcalledhydrothermalvents.Amazingfish,shellfish,tubewormsandotherlifeformsliveinthesezone

s.Betweenthecreationanddestructionofoceanplates,sediments(沉淀物)collectontheseafloorandprovideanarchiveofEarth

‘shistory,theevolutionofclimateandlifethatisavailablenowhereelse.1．WhydidtheHMSChallengermakethevoyage?A．Totestnavigation.B．Toca

lculatetheageoftheocean.C．Toexploretheocean.D．TodoresearchintoMarianaTrench.2．Howdoscientistsknowthedepthoftheocean?A．Bymeasuringitwithro

pes.B．Bystudyingsamplesofrocksandmud.C．Byanalyzingthehabitatsoftheanimals.D．Bystudyingthereturningspeedofthesound.3．Whatisthefourthparagr

aphmainlyabout?A．Certainchangesoftheseafloor.B．ThelayersthatmakeuptheEarth.C．Thewaythatavolcanocomesin

tobeing.D．Somedefinitionsoftheseafloorspreading.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowDeepIstheOcean?B．HowIstheOceanStudied?C．Ocean:AnUnknownWorl

dD．Nature:APlaceforWildlife【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了―探测海洋有多深‖，科学家们已经探测出海洋的宽度，但是对于海洋深度的探索仍然没有定论，而对

于海底的研究，也能帮助人们更好地测量海洋。1．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“In1872theHMSChallenger,aBritishNavyship,setsailtolearnabouttheocean,in

cludingitsdepth.”可知，英国皇家海军“挑战者号”启航出海的目的是探索海洋。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Ashipsendsoutpulsesofsoundenergyandmeasures

depthbasedonhowquicklythesoundtravelsback.”可知，船只发出声能脉冲，进而根据声音回传的频度来测定海洋的深度。故选D。3．主旨大意题。“Oceanscientistsli

kemestudytheseafloorbecauseithelpsusbettermeasuretheocean.”为第四段主题句。本段支撑细节围绕主题句展开。当海底（构造)板块移动时，地球内部热岩迸发而出，形成海底山峰，海底格局

发生变化，不同地点的深浅度随之而变。研究海底状况利于更好地准确测量大海。故选A。4．主旨大意题。文章首段提出问题，即计算海洋的深度是一件困难的事；第二段讲述英国皇家海军“挑战者号”为此进行的探索；第三段叙述科学家利用声能脉冲测量海洋的深度；

第四、五段着重讲了海底发生的地壳变化及生态状况。全文围绕“探测海洋到底有多深”这一主题由浅入深展开。故选A。二、2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习Recently,researchersattheUn

iversityofTorontofiguredoutawaywithaquickvideoselfietoaccuratelymeasurebloodpressurewithyoursmartphone‘scamerabydevelopingatech

nologyknownastransdermalopticalimaging(TOI)(透皮光学成像).Camerasonsmartphonescancatchredlightreflectedfromhemoglobin(血红素)underourskin,wh

ichpermitsTOItovisualizeandmeasurebloodflowchanges.Researchersmeasuredthebloodpressureof1,328CanadianandChineseadultsbygetting

two-minutevideosoftheirfacesonaniPhone.―Fromthevideogotbythetechnology,youcanseehowthebloodflowsindiff

erentpartsofthefaceandthroughthisflow,youcangetalotofinformation,‖saidKangLee,leadauthorofthestudy.Leealsoh

elpedcreateanappcalledAnura,whichallowspeopletotryouttheTOIsoftwareforthemselves,givingthemtheabilitytorecorda30-sec

ondvideooftheirfaceandreceivemeasurementsforstresslevelsandrestingheartrate.Leesaidmoreresearchwasneededtomakesurethatthemeasurementswe

reasaccurateaspossible,explainingthatthestudydidn‘ttestpeoplewithverydarkorveryfairskin.―Inordertoimproveourapptomakei

tusable,particularlyforpeoplewithhypertension(高血压)，weneedtocollectalotofdatafromthem,whichisveryhardbecausealotofthemare

alreadytakingmedicine,‖Leeexplained.―Wecannottellthemnottotakemedicine,butfromtimetotime,wegetparticipantswhod

on‘ttakemedicinesowecangethypertensivepeoplethisway.‖Thescientistssaidthereweremanypotentialapplicationsof

thetechnology,includingprovidinghealthservicesforthosewholivedinremoteareas.5．Whatismainlytalkedabouti

nParagraph2？A．InformationofferedbyTOI.B．Newfindingsonhypertension.C．HowTOIisputintosmartphones.D．HowtheTOItechnologyworks.6

．Whatmightpeoplebenefitfromthenewtechnologymentionedabove?A．Livingalifefreefromstress.B．Improvingtheheartfunctiongradually.C．Accessinghealthserv

icesforfree.D．Knowingabnormalbloodpressureearlier.7．WhatcanbedoneforabetterAnura?A．Equippingphoneswithbettercameras.B．Allowingphonestorecordlongervi

deos.C．Collectingdatafrommorediversesamples.D．Persuadingparticipantsnottotakemedicine.8．Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A．

TopredictfutureapplicationsofTOI.B．TointroduceTOIandanapprelated.C．Todescribefunctionsofcamerasonphones.D．Toevaluatethequalityofanappc

alledAnura.【答案】5．D6．D7．C8．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新科技。多伦多大学的研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。文章还介绍了与之相关的手机应用软件。5．主旨大意题。

根据第二段首句Camerasonsmartphonescancatchredlightreflectedfromhemoglobin(血红素)underourskin,whichpermitsTOItovisualizeandmeasure

bloodflowchanges.可知，智能手机上的相机可以捕捉从我们皮肤下的血红蛋白反射的红光，这允许透皮光学成像可视化和测量血流变化。因此推断本段主要讲述TOI科技如何起作用的。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第二段的F

romthevideogotbythetechnology,youcanseehowthebloodflowsindifferentpartsofthefaceandthroughthisflow,youc

angetalotofinformation（从技术获得的视频中，你可以看到血液是如何在面部的不同部位流动的，通过这种流动，你可以得到很多信息)和第三段的givingthemtheabilitytorecorda30-secondvideooftheir

faceandreceivemeasurementsforstresslevelsandrestingheartrate.（让他们能够记录30秒的面部视频，并收到压力水平和静息心率的测量。)可推断，这

项新技术可以让人们较早知道不正常的血压。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据第三段的Leesaidmoreresearchwasneededtomakesurethatthemeasurementswereasaccurateaspossible,explainingthatthest

udydidn‘ttestpeoplewithverydarkorveryfairskin.（李说，需要更多的研究来确保测量尽可能准确，解释说这项研究没有测试皮肤非常暗或非常白皙的人。)可知，需要收集更多不同的样本才能改进Anura。故选C。8．推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，

文章主要介绍了一种新科技TOI，研究人员想出了一种快速视频自拍的方法，通过开发一种称为透皮光学成像的技术，用智能手机的相机准确地测量血压。接下来介绍了应用这项科技研发出的手机应用。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍TOI和相关应用程序。故选B。三、2020届浙江省舟山中学高三高考仿真模拟

考试Summerishere,andwithitcomesachanceyou'llgettoomuchsun.Whilethere'snocureforsunburn,asmallbutfascinatingnewstudysug

geststakinglargeamountsofvitaminDafterexposuremaypreventtheassociatedrednessandinflammation(发炎).Inthepaper,researchersexposed20volunteer

stoalightresemblingsolarradiationtoinduceasunburnonasmallpieceofskin.Theythengavethe''burnvictims''largeamountsofvitaminD,and

followedupwithparticipantsone,twoandthreedays(andaweek)latertomeasureskinrednessandthickness.TheresearchersfoundthatvitaminDdecreasedinflammatio

nandredness,comparedwithtakingaplacebo(安慰剂).Andthiseffectincreasedinproportiontohowmuchwasconsumed.VitaminDalsoa

ppearstoincreasetheactivityofagenecalledarginase-1,whichisinvolvedintissuerepairandhealing.Taking50,000internationalunits(IU

)ofvitaminD--125timestherecommendeddailyallowance-ledtoasignificantreductioninrednessandinflammation,comparedwiththeplacebo.Thosewhotook

100,000IUhadevenlessrednessandpain;andthosewhotook200,000IUhadthegreatestreductionininflammation.ThisisthefirststudytoshowvitaminDcan

reduceinflammation,andsuggeststhatit''couldpotentiallyhelppreventsunburn,''saysseniorauthorKurtLu,aphysicianscientistandassistantprofesso

ratCaseWesternReserveUniversity.ItusedtobethoughtvitaminDwasprimarilyinvolvedinbuildinghealthybonesandmuscles,butre

centresearchhasfoundithasmanymoreroles,includinginfluencinginflammation,suchasthekindassociatedwithsunburns.So,ifyougetburned,shouldyoutakealotofvi

taminD?Thestudyauthorsdon'trecommendit.''Ithinkthat'sprobablynotagoodideaandnotwellestablishedbythisstudy,

''saysBarbaraGilchrest,aphysicianscientistatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.Suchlargeamounts,iftakenrepeatedly,havethepotentialtocause

vitaminDtoxicity(毒性).9．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Anunusualmethodforrelievingsunburn.B．Tipsforhowtotr

avelsafelyinsummer.C．AsuggestionontakingvitaminDproperly.D．Adviceonhowtotakemedicineeffectively.10．Howdotheresearchersconfirmthe

healingeffectoftakingvitaminD?A．Byobservingtheinflammationofskineveryday.B．Bymeasuringthethicknessofskinaftera

week.C．ByincreasingthedailyvolumeofvitaminD．Bycomparingtheeffectwiththatofplacebo.11．Figuresareusedinparagraph2inorderto______.A．recommendthed

ailyintakeB．argueagainstthebenefitsofmoreVitaminDC．showthemoreVitaminD,thegreaterbenefitsD．stressthepotentialdangeroftoomuchV

itaminD12．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthefunctionofvitaminD?A．RepeatedlytakinglargeamountsofVitaminDisbeneficial.B．VitaminDmaybringmoreadvantage

stousthanwhathasbeenfoundout.C．Don'ttakevitaminDunlessyourdoctorapprovesyoutodoit.D．VitaminDismoreusefulforc

uringsunburnthanbuildinghealthybones.【答案】9．A10．D11．C12．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了一项研究表明，维生素D不仅可以参与骨骼和肌肉的构建，还可以有效的减轻晒伤或烧伤后

的红肿或炎症。但并不建议大量或反复使用，因为有可能会导致维生素D中毒。9．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的Whilethere'snocureforsunburn,asmallbutfascinatingnewstudysuggeststakinglarge

amountsofvitaminDafterexposuremaypreventtheassociatedrednessandinflammation(发炎).(尽管晒伤是无法治愈的，但一项规模不大但很有吸引力的研究表明

，在晒了之后服用大量的维他命D可以防止与此有关的红肿和炎症。)可知，本文主要介绍了不同寻常的减轻晒伤的方法——服用大量维生素D。A.Anunusualmethodforrelievingsunburn.(一种不寻常的减轻晒伤的方法)符合以上说法，故

选A项。10．细节理解题。根据第二段Theythengavethe''burnvictims''largeamountsofvitaminD,andfollowedupwithparticipantsone,twoandthreedays(andaweek

)latertomeasureskinrednessandthickness.TheresearchersfoundthatvitaminDdecreasedinflammationandredness,comparedwithtakingaplacebo

(安慰剂).(然后，他们给“烧伤患者”大量维生素D，并在一天、两天和三天(和1周)后对参与者进行跟进，测量皮肤发红程度和厚度。研究发现，和服用安慰剂相比，服用维他命D减轻红肿和炎症。)可知，研究人员通过对比服用维他命D和服用安慰剂的效果，来证实维他命

D的消肿和消炎作用。D.Bycomparingtheeffectwiththatofplacebo.(通过对比服用安慰剂的效果)符合以上说法，故选D项。11．细节理解题。根据第二段的Taking50,000international

units(IU)ofvitaminD-125timestherecommendeddailyallowance-ledtoasignificantreductioninrednessandinflammation,comparedwiththeplaceb

o.Thosewhotook100,000IUhadevenlessrednessandpain;andthosewhotook200,000IUhadthegreatestreductionininflammation.(与安慰剂相

比，服用50,000国际单位(IU)的维生素D(每日推荐摄入量125倍)可显著减轻红肿和炎症。服用100,000IU的人发红和疼痛症状更轻；而那些服用200，000IU的人炎症减轻的最多。)可知，服用维生素越多，红肿和炎症现象减轻的越多。C.

showthemoreVitaminD,thegreaterbenefits(表明服用维生素D越多，好处越多)符合以上说法，故选C项。12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段ItusedtobethoughtvitaminDwasprim

arilyinvolvedinbuildinghealthybonesandmuscles,butrecentresearchhasfoundithasmanymoreroles,includinginfluencinginflammation(过去人们认为维生素

D主要与骨骼和肌肉的健康有关，但最近的研究发现，它还有更多的作用，包括影响炎症。)可推测，维他命D的作用远比我们已经发现的要多。B.VitaminDmaybringmoreadvantagestousthanwhathasbeenfoundout.(维他命D带来的好处比我们已经发现的要多)符合

以上说法，故选B项。四、2020届安徽师范大学附属中学高三6月第十次模拟Whatdotherandom,scribbled(潦草的)drawingscrowdingthemargins(页边空白处)ofmosthighschoolstudents'papersmean?Whenastu

dentiscaughtdoodling(乱画)inclass,hewillprobablybecriticizedfordaydreaming.Butdoodlingwhilelisteningcanhelpwithremembe

ringdetails,ratherthanimplyingthatthemindiswandering,accordingtoastudypublishedinthescientificjournalAppliedCognitivePsychology.In

anexperimentconductedbytheMedicalResearchCouncil‘sCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,40subjectswereaskedtolistentoatwo-minutetapegivingseve

ralnamesofpeopleandplaces.Halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtoshadeinshapesonapieceofpaperatthesametime,withoutpayingattentiontoneatnes

s,whiletherestweregivennosuchinstructions.Afterthetapehadfinished,allparticipantsinthestudywereaskedtorecallthenamesofpeop

leandplaces.Thedoodlersrecalledonaverage7.5namesofpeopleandplaces,comparedtoonly5.8bythenon-doodlers.―Ifsomeoneisdoingabor

ingtask,likelisteningtoadulltelephoneconversation,theymaystarttodaydream.‖saidstudyresearcher,ProfessorJackieAndrade,oftheSchoolofPsychol

ogy,UniversityofPlymouth.―Daydreamingdistractsthemfromthetask,resultinginpoorerperformance.Asimpletask,l

ikedoodling,maybesufficient(足够的)tostopdaydreamingwithoutaffectingperformanceonthemaintask.‖―Inpsychology,testsofmemoryora

ttentionwilloftenuseasecondtasktoselectivelyblockaparticularmentalprocess.Ifthatprocessisimportantforthemai

ntask,thenperformancewillbeimpaired.Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingmaybesomethingwedobecau

seithelpstokeepusontrackwithaboringtask,ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistraction(分心)thatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.‖saidAndr

ade.DanWare,asocialstudyteacher,usedtoconsiderdoodlingadistractionfromlearning,butafterteachingkidswithallpersonal

itytypeshelearnedscribblingawayduringlectureshelpscertainstudentsremembermoreinformation.―Inmyfirstfewyearsofte

aching,Ithought,‗Well,thiskidisn‘tpayingattention.He‘sdaydreaming.‘ButIhadsomereallypowerfulexperienceswithstudents

andcametounderstandinmanycasesthatwastheirwayoffocusing,andthosestudentswereprobablypayingmoreattentionthanotherstudents.‖Waresaid.13．

Whatdoweknowabouttheparticipantsinvolvedintheexperiment?A．Somewereaskedtonotedowntheinformationneatly.B．So

mewereaskedtomemorizethenamestheywouldhear.C．Somewereinstructedtolistentothetapewithfullattention.D．Somewereinstructedtomakerandomdrawin

gsonpaper.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―impaired‖inparagraph4referto?A．Improved.B．Weakened.C．Stopped.D．

Repaired.15．WhichofthefollowingwillbothJackieAndradeandDanWareagreewith?A．Doodlinghelpssomepeoplefocus.B．Doo

dlingmakesadulltaskinteresting.C．Studentswhodoodleperformpoorly.D．Studentswhodoodlelackconcentration.16．Whatisthebesttitleoft

hetext?A．DaydreamingCanSharpenStudySkillsB．DoodlingCanHelpMemoryRecallC．AWanderingMindImprovesProductivi

tyD．DistractionsHarmAcademicPerformance【答案】13．D14．B15．A16．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与传统思维认为的边听边涂鸦是走神的表现不同，实质上边听边涂鸦是有助于记忆的，教授JackieAndrade的实验和

教师DanWare的教学经历进行了该观点的证实。13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtoshadeinshapesonapieceofpaperatthesam

etime,withoutpayingattentiontoneatness,whiletherestweregivennosuchinstructions.”可知，在实验中，一半的参与者被要求同时在纸上给形状涂上阴影，不注意整洁，而剩下的人没有得到这

样的指示，即：有一部分参与者可以在纸上随意涂画。选项D“Somewereinstructedtomakerandomdrawingsonpaper.(一些参与者被要求在纸上随意画画。)”与原文内容表达信息一致。故选D项。14．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句之后存在了“but”

句，可知，“but”句与划线句应是转折关系。分析“Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingmaybesomethingwedobecauseithelpstokeepuso

ntrackwithaboringtask,ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistractionthatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.(但我的研究表明，在日

常生活中，涂鸦可能是我们做的事情，因为它有助于让我们跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的我们应该努力抵制的分心。)”可知，but句在解释涂鸦的对于“无聊任务”的有益作用，因此可推知，划线单词“impaired”应是与but句中的“help”为反义词关系，“impaired”可以理解为“没有帮助”

或“损害”含义，与选项B“Weakened.(变弱)”表达含义一致。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“Butmyresearchsuggeststhatineverydaylifedoodlingma

ybesomethingwedobecauseithelpstokeepusontrackwithaboringtask,ratherthanbeinganunnecessarydistractionthatweshouldtrytoresistdoing.”可知，

JackieAndrade的研究表明，在日常生活中，涂鸦有助于跟上无聊的任务，而不是一个不必要的分心；文章第五段内容“butafterteachingkidswithallpersonalitytypeshelearnedscribblingawayduringlect

ureshelpscertainstudentsremembermoreinformation.”可知，DanWare在教授了所有性格类型的孩子之后，了解到在课堂上涂鸦有助于某些学生记住更多信息。因此可推知，在他们看来，涂鸦是有助于在任务中或课堂中集

中精力的。故选A项。16．主旨大意题。根据文章体裁为说明文，文章结构为总分结构可知，文章首段提出主旨要义：Butdoodlingwhilelisteningcanhelpwithrememberingdetails,

ratherthanimplyingthatthemindiswandering,accordingtoastudypublishedinthescientificjournalAppliedCognitivePsychology.(但是根据发表在科学期刊

《应用认知心理学》上的一项研究，边听边涂鸦有助于记忆细节，而不是暗示走神。)可知，本文主要讲述了涂鸦对于记忆是有益的，同时文章的其他段落分别从JackieAndrade的实验和教师DanWare的教学经历两个方面进行了该主题的阐述。选项B“DoodlingCanHelpMemo

ryRecall(涂鸦可以帮助记忆)”贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选B项。议论文2020届山东省威海市文登区高三下学期一轮总复习America‘sfirsttranscontinentalrailroad,completed150yearsagotodayatPromontorySummiti

nUtah,connectedthevastUnitedStatesandbroughtAmericaintothemodernage.Chineseimmigrantscontributedgreatlytothisnotableach

ievement,butthehistoricalaccountsthatfollowedoftenignoredtheirrole.Between1863and1869,asmanyas20,000Chinesework

ershelpedbuildthedangerouswesternpartoftherailroad,awindingribbonoftrackknownastheCentralPacific.Atfir

st,theCentralPacificRailroad‘sdirectorswantedawhites-onlyworkforce.Whennotenoughwhitemensignedup,therailroadbeganhi

ringChinesemenforthebackbreakinglabor.Companyleaderswereskepticalofthenewrecruits‘abilitytodothework,buttheyp

rovedthemselvesnotonlycapablebutevensuperiortotheotherworkers.Chineseworkerscutthroughdenseforests,filleddeepnarr

owsteep-sidedvalley,constructedlongtrestles(高架桥)andbuiltenormousretainingwalls(防护墙)--someofwhichremaincompleteandundamagedtoday.Allworkwasdo

nebyhandusingcarts,shovelsandpicksbutnomachinery.However,progresscameatgreatcost:anestimated1,200ChineselaborersdiedalongtheCentralPacificroute.Despi

tethesefacts,Chineseworkerswereoftenleftoutoftheofficialstorybecauseoftheiridentityofforeigners.Onthetranscontinent

alrailroad's100thbirthday,theChineseworkerswerestillnothonored.Itwasanotherfiftyyearslaterthattheirrolewasgraduallyhighlight

ed.Tocelebratetherailroad‘s150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniaassemblypassedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheCh

ineserailroadworkersbydesignatingMay10,2017,andeveryMay10thereafter,asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWorkersMemorialDay.1．Whatmightbeth

ebesttitleforthetext?A．TheBirthoftheCentralPacificCostDearlyB．May10--ASpecialDayforChineseImmigrantsC．ChineseWorkers‘

ContributionsGainedRecognitionD．The150thanniversaryoftheCentralPacificRailroad2．Whatdoes―they‖inParagraph2referto?A．Chines

elaborers.B．Whiteworkers.C．Companyleaders.D．Railroaddirectors.3．WhydoestheauthormakesuchdetaileddescriptionsinParagr

aph3?A．ToproveChineseworkers‘superiorskills.B．Tostressthedangeranddifficultyofthework.C．Todescribethegrandsc

eneryalongtherailroad.D．ToshownotableachievementsmadebyChineseworkers.4．Whatdoesthetextintendtotellus?A．Nonesoblindasthosewhowon‘tsee.B．Nopains,nog

ains.C．Truthwillcometolightsoonerorlater.D．Doingisbetterthansaying.【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了中国移民对美国第一条横贯大陆的铁路作出的巨大贡献，但随后的历

史叙述忽视他们的作用。但是纸包不住火，最终中国工人做出的贡献得以被认可。1．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Chineseimmigrantscontributedgreatlytothisnotableachievemen

t,butthehistoricalaccountsthatfollowedoftenignoredtheirrole.以及最后一段的Tocelebratetherailroad‘s150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniaassemblypa

ssedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheChineserailroadworkersbydesignatingMay10,2017,andeveryMay10thereafter,asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWorkers

MemorialDay.最终，中国工人的贡献得以被认可，因此推断，文章主要讲述了中国移民对美国第一条横贯大陆的铁路作出的巨大贡献，但随后的历史叙述忽视他们的作用。但是纸包不住火，最终中国工人做出的贡献得以被认可。因此推断C项“中国工人的贡献得到了认可”为最佳标题。故选C。2．词义猜测题

。根据上文Whennotenoughwhitemensignedup,therailroadbeganhiringChinesemenforthebackbreakinglabor.Companyleaderswereskep

ticalofthenewrecruits‘abilitytodothework可知，当没有足够的白人报名时，铁路开始雇用中国男子从事艰苦的劳动。公司领导对新员工的工作能力表示怀疑，因此推断划线句“但他们证明自己不仅有能力，甚至优于其他工人。”中they指代上文提的中国劳动力。故选A。3．推理判

断题。通读第三段可知，本段主要阐述中国工人穿过茂密的森林，深谷狭窄陡峭，建造了高架桥，建造了巨大的防护墙——其中一些至今仍然完整和无损。没有机械所有的工作都是用手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的。进展付出了巨大的代价：估计有1200名中国劳工在铁路建设中死亡。因此推断详细描述修建铁路

的工作过程是为了强调工作的危险和困难。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Tocelebratetherailroad‘s150thanniversaryin2019,theCaliforniaassemblypa

ssedaresolutionin2017torecognizeandhonortheChineserailroadworkersbydesignatingMay10,2017,andeveryMay10thereafter,asCaliforniaChineseRailroadWor

kersMemorialDay.（为了庆祝2019年铁路150周年，加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议，指定2017年5月10日和此后每5月10日为加州中国铁路工人纪念日，以表彰和纪念中国铁路工人。)

可推断，尽管历史中国工人对铁路的贡献一直不被认可，但是最终在2017年他们的奉献得以承认。故C项“纸包不住火”是文章要告诉读者的。故选C。2019届模拟题说明文1.河南省实验中学2019届高考全真模拟最后一卷科普类Solarenergysystems&power

plantsdonotproduceairpollution,waterpollution,orgreenhousegases.Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive,indirecteffectontheenvironment,whensolarene

rgyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment.However,somepoisonousmate

rialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保热的)systemsusepotenti

allyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheu

seandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials.Aswithanytypeofpowerplant,largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepow

erplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorfo

rcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosys

temsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition,thebeamofconcentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyint

othebeam.Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeopleconsumeeachday.However,onth

esurfaceoftheearth,solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlightvariesbyti

meofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.Thetypeandsizeofasolarenergycollectionandcon

versionsystemdetermineshowmuchoftheavailablesolarenergywecanconvertintousefulenergy.1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"hazardous"underlin

edinparagraph2?A.inexpensiveB.dangerousC.ineffectiveD.abnormal2.Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocatio

ns?A.Pollutingthegroundwater.B.Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals.C.Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance.D.Attractingbirdsa

ndinsectstothearea.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy.B.H

owtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy.C.Therelationshipbetweensolarenergycollectionandthesunlight.D.Somefacto

rsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。1.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However,somepoisonousmaterialsand

chemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光电池的)cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.”可知，然而，一些有毒的材料和化学物质被用来制造将阳光转化为电能的光伏电池，

一些太阳能保温系统使用潜在危险的液体来传递热量，由此可知画线词词义为“危险的”，故B项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theplacementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsa

ndanimals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡，故C项正确。3.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However,onthesurfaceoftheearth,s

olarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunlightandtheintensityofsunlightvariesbytimeofd

ayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityofsunlightdailyandonaseasonalbasis.”可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和

气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素，故D项正确。2.山东省潍坊市2019届高三上学期期中考试说明文Digitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayacces

stotechnologyfromchildren.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch，65％ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawayt

heirteen‘scellphoneorinternetaccessaspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies,digitalgroundi

ngmayseemlikealogicalstepforparents.Takeawayachild‘smostcherisheditemandtheywillquicklylearnfromtheirbehavior.Buttheideaofdig

italgroundingisn‘tasclear—cutasthat.Instead,itmaybealose-losesituationforparentsandkids,alike.Formostparents,thegoa

lofgroundingisn‘ttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywon‘tengageinwhateverbehavio

rgotthemintroubleinthefirstplace.Unfortunately,though,digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment,notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcur

few(约定的最晚回家时间),apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingatthem.Disciplinewouldbenotlettingthemgooutthenextweeken

dbecausetheyfailedtofollowrules.We‘veallbeenthere—we‘vecaughtourchilddoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutas

trictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot—headed,embarrassed,orupset.Often,though,thesepunishmentsdon‘tali

gnwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily,itwon‘tprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappro

priatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding,showyourchildwhattheydidwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdifferently.Thiswa

y,theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafeandsmartwithtechnology.There‘snodenyingit：technologyisherefo

rthelong-haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon‘trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesn‘tfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrec

ommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible,ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Bydigitallygrounding

them,youareputtingabandageoverthewound,ratherthantreatingit.Now,whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisalose-losesit

uation,we‘renotsayingthatdiscipliningyourchildreningeneralisalose—losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachc

hildrenlessons,whenusedappropriately.1.Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?A.Hittingoryellingatchildren.B.Layingou

tastrictpunishmentintheheatofthemoment.C.Takingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.D.Forbiddingkidstogooutthene

xtweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?A.Itbenefitschildrengreatly.B.Itisnobetterthandi

sciplining.C.Parentscanuseittocorrectkids‘behavior.D.Neitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinst

eadofgrounding?A.Givekidsmorefreetime.B.Actappropriatelyinpublic.C.Helpkidsformgoodhabits.D.Putabandageoverthewound.4.Wh

at‘sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.B.Toexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.C.Toshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.D.To

provedigitalgroundingisnotagoodparentingway.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。1.D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段“achildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定

的最晚回家时间),apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingatthem.Disciplinewouldbenotlettingthemgooutthenextweekendbecausetheyfailedtofollowrules.”可知，一个孩子超

过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他们或对他们大喊大叫。纪律不会让他们下周末出去，因为他们没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Instead,itmaybealose-losesituationforparentsandkids,alike.”可知，相反，这对父母

和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。3.C【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology

”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Instead,itmaybealose-losesituationforparentsandkids,alike.”第三段“Formostparents,thegoalofgrounding

isn‘ttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.第五段―whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarilyitwon‘tprovidechildrenwi

ththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.‖第六段“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon‘trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchi

ldren”可知，“数码囚禁”并不是教养孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。3.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联合考试科普类Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrillingorenjoyingabask

etballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase―calmbeforethestorm‖,oftenusedinasituation---aquietperiodjustbefor

eagreatactivityorexcitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknowthereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmb

eforethestorm?Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindofstorm---asingle-cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthund

erstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamofcurrent,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytyp

icallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormist

raveling.Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalow-pressurevacuum(真空)comingafter.Therisingairmeets

thecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthewatervapor

initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticles(颗粒)likedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtofor

mraindrops.Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,the

airissqueezedoutatthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warma

nddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.Mostthunders

torms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.There'ssomu

chairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,beforethestorm,itmightbereall

ywindy!1.Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?A.Athunderstormwithasingleshape.B.Athunderstormwithoutstron

gwinds.C.Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.D.Astormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―it‖inParagraph3referto?A.War

mandwetair.B.Warmanddryair.C.Coldandwetair.D.Coldanddryair.3.Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?A.Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.B.Allthunders

tormsdon‘tstartwiththecalm.C.Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthestormwillbe.D.Stormhappenswithoutairmovingu

panddown.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Abriefintroductionofapeacefulstorm.B.Apersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.C.Anexplanationofthe

calmbeforeastorm.D.Ananalysisofcausesandeffectsofastorm.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，并指出并非所有的暴风雨都始

于平静。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainstreamofcurrent,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesnearth

eground.”可知，在这种类型的雷暴中，通常只有一股主要气流，那就是来自地面附近温暖潮湿的空气，由此可知，特殊的雷暴是指由地面移动的空气推动的风暴，故D项正确。2.A词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Therisingairmeetsthe

colddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，其中的水蒸气变成微小的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此

可知画线词指的是前面提到的温暖潮湿的空气，故A项正确。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.”可知，然而，大多数雷暴并非始于平静，由此可知，并

非所有的暴风雨都始于平静，故B项正确。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?”可知，本文主要解释了暴风雨来临前的平静的原因，故C项正确。【点睛】解

答代词指代类的词义猜测题的关键在于对画线词前的内容的理解，特别要注意出现的名词，例如本篇第2题，根据画线词前的“Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexist

edinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops”可知，上升的空气与干冷空气相遇，因此温暖潮湿的空气的温度下降，温暖潮湿的空气中的水蒸气变成微小

的水滴，这是下雨的先决条件，由此可知画线词指的是前面提到的“thewarm,dampair”，即温暖潮湿的空气。4.江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中)2019届高三联考说明文Astheinternationaldemandforn

arrative(叙事的)film/TVcontentcontinuestoincreasewithpopularstreamingserviceslikeNetflixandothersthetwoquestionsthen

come:willthecominggenerationsreceivemostoftheirentertainmentthroughvisualmeansratherthanthroughthewritt

enwordandwillsuchanincreaseofnarrativefilm/TVreducetheimportanceofreading?Growingexamplesofthistrendi

ncludethediminishment(减少)offictioninthecommoncore(核心的)curriculum,theever－risingcultureofcomputergames,thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternatio

nalreach,andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchildrenandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword

.Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使相形见绌)thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion,ofcourse,is―doesitreallymatterifthewrittenw

ordbowstotheworldoffilm/TV?‖Frommypointofview,anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeaturethanthe

imagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrain‘smostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandli

keallmusclesitmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire,createandempowerour

imagination.Anythingthatdiminishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmedi

aandtechnologicaladvances.Instead,Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact,anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevel

opmentforfilm,TV,andlivestageproductions.Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(补充)byitsvisualcoun

terparts(对应物),notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse,therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimage

overthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebetweenitandthemovingimage.1

.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.EconomicbenefitsB.InternationalreachC.CulturalinfluenceD.Educationalimpo

rtance2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenimaginatio

n.C.Itdistinguishesmanfromeachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.3.Whatistheauthor‘sattitudetowar

dstechnology?A.CautiousB.SkepticalC.PositiveD.Critical4.What‘stheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.C.Theimpacto

fthewrittenword.D.Thefutureofthemovingimage.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了叙事电影行业的发展让文字变得相形见绌，作者认为文字是激发和增强我们想象力的重要工具，同时表达了

对阅读的命运的担心。1.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使相形见绌)thepublishingindustry.”可知，叙事电影行业是一个令出版行业相形见绌的赚钱行业，由此可

知，叙事电影行业在经济利益方面使文字变得尴尬，故A项正确。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire,crea

teandempowerourimagination.”可知，写作和阅读是激发、创造和增强我们想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重视文字的作用是因为它能提高我们的想象力，故B项正确。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessary

toadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者觉得有必要适应先进的技术，由此可知，作者对技术持积极的态度，故C项正确。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwi

llonlystandtobecomplemented(补充)byitsvisualcounterparts(对应物),notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望书面文字会得到视觉文字的补充，而不是被推到灭绝的边缘，

由此可知，作者担心的是阅读的命运，故A项正确。5.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三模拟说明文SallyDawlyisawomanfromAuburn,California.Overthelastthreeandahalfyears,theanti-litteringwomanhassp

entmostofherfreetimepickingupcigarettebutts(烟头)fromthestreetsofherhomecity.Calledthe―ButtLady‖byherlocalcommunity,Dawlybeganhermissiontoridthestre

etsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014.Thewomanlookedforcigarettebutts,pickedthemupandthrewthemi

nthetrash.Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet,andearlierthismonth,shehitahistoric

milestone—onemillioncigarettebutts.―Igottiredofgoingonmywalksandseeingcigarettebuttseverywhere,‖SallyDawly

said.―I‘mjustshockedthatIhadtopickupsomany.I‘veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday,‖shesaid.―Don‘tthrowaway

yourbutts;betteryet,stopsmoking.‖Withsomanycigarettebuttslitteringthestreets,canoneperson‘seffortsreallymakeadifference?Surprisingly,theansw

erseemstobeyes.SoonaftertheButtLadyofAuburnstartedhermissionandwordofhereffortsspread,cigarettecansstartedappearingaroundbarsandrestaurantsin

thecity.Membersofthelocalcommunityevencameouttocheerheronassheapproachedherone-million-buttmilestone.Sallyknowshercity‘scigarettebuttlitterin

gproblemwon‘tbesolvedanytimesoon,butshehopesherworkwillinspirepeopletoatleastthinktwicebeforedroppingcigare

ttebuttsinthestreets.Shehasdecidedtocontinuecleaningupafterirresponsiblesmokers,andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarett

ebutts.WordoftheButtLady‘seffortstokeepthestreetscigarettebutt-freehasreachedneighboringcommunitiesaswell,andCBSSacramentoreports

thatothercitieshavestartedseekingherhelpaswell.1.WhydoesSallyDawlycarryaniPadwithherwhilepickingupthebutts?A.Toentertainthecrowds.

B.Tomonitorthesmokers.C.Toattractpeople‘sattention.D.Torecordthenumberofbutts.2.HowdidSallyDawlyfeelwhenpickingupc

igarettebutts?A.Excitedbutupset.B.ShockedandsorryC.Frightenedbutcontent.D.Astonishedanddesperate.3.Fromthetext.whatcanbeinferr

edaboutSallyDawly?A.Shepicksupnearly3,000cigarettebuttseveryday.B.ShewillworkinothercitiesinCaliforniai

nthefuture.C.Shehassetanewgoalofpickinguptwomillioncigarettebutts.D.Shepickeduponemillioncigarettebuttswithmembersofhercommunity.4.Whatisthetextm

ainlyabout?A.California‘s―ButtLady‖.B.Fightingagainstsmoking.C.Californianshealthproblems.D.SmokingproblemsinCalifornia.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，

有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位―烟头女士（她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！1.D【解析】事实细节题。由第二段中Tokeepacountofhowm

anybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet（平板电脑)一句可知为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量，theButtLady带了平板电脑。故选D。2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知Sally很

厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡起来这么多数量的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受应该是―震惊和难过的‖。故B项最恰当。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebu

tts可知C项正确。根据第三段…I‘veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday…可知A项错误；根据最后一段可知Sally的行动影响了邻近的城市，但并不是她要去邻近的城市工作，故B项错误；根据倒数第三段Membersofthelocalcom

munityevencameouttocheer可知D项错误。故选C。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了―烟头女士‖的称号的故事，故A项最恰当。6.东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题Youcan‘

tseeyoursleepingpetsbrainwaves,butitsbehaviorcantellyouwhenyourcatmightbedreaming.Ifyouwatchclosely,you‘llseethatass

hefallsasleep,herbreathingbecomesslowandregularwithherbodystill.Shehasenteredthefirststageofsleep,calledslow-wavesle

ep.Afterabout15minutesyou‘llnoticeachangeinherbreathing.Hereyesmoveunderherclosedlids,herpawstwitch(抽动)andsheflicks(尤指用手指或手快速地轻抚)ane

ar.Shehasentereddreaming.Althoughshetwitchesandmakeslittlegrunting(嘟嘟)noises,messagesfromherbraintothel

argemusclesinherlegsareblocked,soshecan‘trunabout.Sheisinastateof―sleepparalysis(麻痹)‖.MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientist,interruptedtheirslee

pparalysis.Eventhoughtheywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantorunforballsthatJouvetcouldn‘tseeandarched(弓起)theirbacksatuns

eenenemies.Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportantcatskills:following,pouncing(猛扑),and

fighting.Inanotherstudy,MattWilsonrecordedratsbrainwaveswhiletheylearnedmazes(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebrain-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfell

asleep.ThepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatchedthepatternfromthemazesocloselythatWilsoncouldfigureoutexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwas

dreamingabout!Manyresearchersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopractiseimportantskillsandfigureoutrecentcaning

.Thismayexplainwhysomanypeopledreamaboutfightingandescaping,skillsthatwereprobablyimportanttoourancestors,andwhy

dreamingaffectsourabilitytolearn.Doallanimalsdream?Fromlookingatthebrainwavesofsleepinganimals.Howoftenanimalsdreamsee

mstobetiedtobodysize.Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2hours.Andthoughco

wsandhorsesusuallysleepstandingup,theyonlydreamwhenlyingdown.1.WhatdoesMichelJouvetfindinhisstudy?A.Thedreamingcatsareinastateofb

odyparalysis.B.Thedreamingcatsoftenpractisetheirimportantskills.C.Theeyesofdreamingcatsmovedwhilebodies

arestill.D.Themusclesofthedreamingcatsareblockedtomove.2.Whatcanyouknowaboutdreamingfromthepassage?A.Dreamingalotcanhelphumansl

earnmore.B.Learningmazesisthebasicskillforcatstolearn.C.RatsoftendreamstomakecertaintheirrecentlearningD.Fighting

andescapingarenotimportantskillsforancestors.3.Whichanimalmaydreammostfrequently?A.Rats.B.Dogs.C.Cows.D.Elephants4.Howdoestheau

thordevelophispassage?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.ByusingfiguresC.BytellingstoriesD.Byshowingfacts【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究表明对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能，弄清楚最近所学的东西

。1.B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportantcatskills:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfi

ghting.”可知，显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随、猛扑，还有打架。所以MichelJouvet在他的研究中发现,做梦的猫经常会练习它们所学的重要技能。故B选项正确。2.C【解析】推理判断题。由第四

段“Manyresearchersnowthinkthatinbothpeopleandanimals,onepurposeofdreamsistopractiseimportantskillsandfigureoutrecentlearning”许多研究人

员现在认为，对人和动物来说，做梦的一个目的是练习重要的技能，弄清楚最近所学的东西。老鼠是动物的一种，所以判断出，老鼠经常做梦目的是清楚它们最近所学的东西。故C选项正确。3.A【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Catsdrea

maboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsevery2hours”可知，猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9分钟做梦一次，大象每2小时做梦一次。通过对动物做梦

频率的对比，可以看出老鼠做梦最频繁。故A选项正确。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“MichelJouvet,aFrenchscientist,interruptedtheirsleepparalysis.

Eventhoughtheywerecompletelyasleep,thedreamingcatsbegantorunforballsthatJouvetcouldn‘tseeandarched(弓起)theirbacksatu

nseenenemies.Hefigureshewaswatchingthemactouttheirdreams!Obviously,thedreamingcatsseemedtobepractisingimportantcatski

lls:following,pouncing(猛扑),andfighting.”第三段“Inanotherstudy,MattWilsonrecordedratsbrainwaveswhiletheylearnedmazes(迷宫).Oneday,heleftthebra

in-wave-recordingmachineonwhiletheratsfellasleep.Thepatternofbrainwavesinthesleepingratsmatchedthepatternfromthemazesocloselyth

atWilsoncouldfigureoutexactlywhichpartofthemazeeachratwasdreamingabout!以及最后段“.Catsdreamaboutevery15minutes,miceevery9minutes,andelephantsev

ery2hours.”可知，法国科学家米歇尔·茹维特打断了他们的睡眠瘫痪。即使它们完全睡着了，做梦的猫也开始跑向朱维特所看不见的球，并拱起他们的背对着看不见的敌人。他想他是在看它们表演他们的梦！显然，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫技能:跟随

、扑向，还有打架。在另一项研究中，马特·威尔逊记录了老鼠学习迷宫时的脑电波。一天，当老鼠睡着的时候，他把脑波记录仪开着。睡眠中老鼠的脑电波模式与迷宫中的模式非常接近，以至于威尔逊能够准确地找出每只老鼠梦到了迷宫的哪个部分。猫每15分钟做梦一次，老鼠每9分钟做梦一次，

大象每2小时做梦一次！。所以每个研究所得出的结论，以及对问题的回答都是基于事实。故判断出作者通过展示事实来展开短文的。故D选项正确。7.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三下学期模拟环保类Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetoset

offfortheworld‘sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthe

polarregions.Thescientists,ledbyheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbee

nhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68--which

isfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewec

osystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.―Thec

alvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,‖shesaid.―Itisimportantthatwe

gettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater.‖ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,―Weneedtob

ebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere‘slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyne

edtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters.―Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabita

tswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermo

veordie.‖ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingice

sheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAc

ademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,―Atthecurrentrate,theworld‘soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendof

thecentury.‖However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsinc

e1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.1.Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.Tostud

yhowtheicebergwasformed.B.Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.Toexplorethegeographyoft

heLarsenCiceshelf.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords―thisone‖inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.Climatech

angeinAntarctica.C.TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.3.Whatcanwelearn

abouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.ItisasbigasLondon.B.ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.I

thasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thereisnoneedtoworryabout

climatechangeinAntarctica.B.TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatech

ange.D.By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海

洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。1.B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtotheligh

t.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。2.C词义猜测题。由第三段ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportun

itytostudymarinelife...可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。3.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段…wh

ichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon…可知A选项错误。由第四段LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere‘slotsofseaiceinthearea…可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误。由第一段toreachanewlyrevealed

ecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。4.D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段…Atthecurrentrate,theworld‘soc

eanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.可推测D选项正确。四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测科普类Canyoutrustyourveryfirstchildhoodme

mories?Maybenot,anewstudysuggests.Pastresearchesshowthatpeople'searliestmemoriestypicallyformaround3to3.5yearsofa

ge.Butinarecentsurveyofmorethan6,600people,Britishscientistshavefoundthat39percentofparticipantsclaimedtohavememoriesfromag

e2oryounger.Thesefirstmemoriesarelikelyfalse,theresearcherssaid.Thiswasparticularlythecaseformiddle-agedandolderadults.Forthestudy,researchersask

edparticipantstodescribetheirfirstmemoryandtheageatwhichitoccurred.Participantsweretoldtheyhadtobesurethememorywastheonethathadhappened.F

orexample,itshouldn'tbebasedonaphotograph,afamilystoryoranysourceotherthandirectexperiences.Thentheresearchersexaminedthecontent,languageanddescrip

tivedetailsoftheseearliestmemoriesandworkedoutthelikelyreasonswhypeoplewouldclaimtohavememoriesfromanagewhenmem

oriescannotform.Asmanyofthesememoriesdatedbeforetheageof2,thissuggeststheywerenotbasedonactualfacts,butfactsorknowledgeaboutt

heirbabyhoodorchildhoodfromphotographsorfamilystories.Oftenthesefalsememoriesarefiredbyapartofanearlyexperience,suchasfamilyrelationshipsorfeelingsa

d,theresearchersexplained."Wesuggestthatwhataremembererhasinmindwhenrecallingfictionalearlymemoriesis„amentalrepresentationconsistin

gofrememberedpiecesofearlyexperiencesandsomefactsorknowledgeabouttheirownbabyhoodorchildhood,"studyauthorS

haniaKantarsaidinajournalnewsrelease,"Additionally,furtherdetailsmaybeunconsciouslyinferredoradded.Suchmemory-likementalrepresentationscome~ov

ertime,tobecollectivelyexperiencedwhentheycometomind,sofortheindividual,theyquitesimplyarememories,whichparticularlypointtobabyhood.""Importantly,t

hepersonrememberingthemdoesn'tknowthisisfictional,"studyco-authorMartinConwaysaid"Infact,whenpeoplearetoldthattheirmemoriesar

efalsetheyoftendon'tbelieveit."1.Whatcanwelearnfromarecentstudy?A.Memoriesformaftertheageof3.B.Participantsaregoodattel

lingstoriesC.AdultsarelikelytoformfalsememoriesD.Earliestmemoriesmayplayatrickonus2.Whichsourcedidtheresearchersrequirefortheearliestm

emories?A.Adirectexperience.B.Afamilystory.C.Afamilyphoto.D.Asadfeeling.3.WhatarethesefictionalearlymemoriesaccordingtoKanta

r?A.Theyarerepeatedmentalrepresentations.B.Theyareacollectionofearlyexperiences.C.Theyareacombinationofbothfactsandfictions.D.Theyaref

urtherdetailsofrememberedexperiences.4.Whichpartofanewspaperisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Society.B.Psychology.C.Technolo

gy.D.Health.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了最新研究表明，最初的记忆可能是错误的，中年人和老年人尤其如此。1.D【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Thesefirstmemoriesarelikelyfalse,theresearcherssaid.（

研究人员说，这些最初的记忆可能是错误的。)可知我们能从最近的一项研究中得知最早的记忆可能会捉弄我们，故选D。2.A【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Participantsweretoldtheyhadtobesureth

ememorywastheonethathadhappened.Forexample,itshouldn'tbebasedonaphotograph,afamilystoryoranysourceotherthandirectex

periences.（参与者被告知，他们必须确定记忆就是发生过的那件事。例如，它不应该基于照片，家庭故事或任何来源，而不是直接经验。)由此可知，研究人员需要直接经验来获得最早的记忆，故选A。3.C【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段"Wesuggestthatwhatarememberer

hasinmindwhenrecallingfictionalearlymemoriesis„amentalrepresentationconsistingofrememberedpiecesofearlyexperiencesandso

mefactsorknowledgeabouttheirownbabyhoodorchildhood,"studyauthorShaniaKantarsaidinajournalnewsrelease（研究报告的撰写者ShaniaKantar

在一份期刊的新闻稿中说:“我们认为，一个记忆者在回忆虚构的早期记忆时，脑子里想的是„„一种由记忆中的早期经历片段以及他们自己的童年或童年时期的一些事实或知识组成的心理表征。)由此推断出，Kantar认为这些虚构的早期记忆是事实和虚构的结合，故选C。4.B【解析】推

理判断题。文章主要讲了最新研究表明，最初的记忆可能是错误的，中年人和老年人尤其如此。由此推断出，这篇文章可能取自报纸的心理学版块，故选B。天津市红桥区2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试YournextSaturdaynight

takeawaycouldbebroughttoyoubyarobotafteramajorfooddeliverycompanyannouncedplanstouseautomatedvehiclestotransportmeals.Europe‘sbiggestonlinetakea

wayfoodcompanyJustEathaspartneredwithStarshipTechnologiestodeliverfoodwithrobotsonthestreetsofLondonlaterthismonth.―Nobodyhaseverdonedeliveri

eswithland-basedrobots,‖saidAllanMartinson,thechiefoperatingofficerofStarship.Therobotcouriercantravelupto4miles

perhourforabout10miles.ItusesaGPSsignalandninecamerastonavigate(确定方向).Insteadofapersonarrivingattheirdoo

r,customerscouldfindthemselvesreceivinganotificationontheirphonethatsaysarobotisonitswayandacodetounlocktheautomated

courier.―Putthecodein,therobotopensup,andthere‘syourfood,‖saidDavidButtress,chiefmanagerofJustEat.Therobot,whichhassofarbeentestedinGreenwi

ch,MiltonKeynesandGlastonbury,costs£1totransportwithin3miles,comparedwiththe£3to£6itcostsforahumancourier.Todate30robotshavedrivennearly5,00

0mileswithoutgettingintoanaccidentorfindingthemselvespickedonbypassers-by.Theyhavedriveninmorethan40citiesaroundtheworld,includingLondonandTallinn,Es

tonia.Aninitialworrywashowthepublicwouldreacttorobots.ButMartinsonsaidthepublichasbeencalmwhenpassingthed

eliverymachineonthestreets.―Themostsurprisingreactionhasbeenthelackofreaction,‖saidMartinson.Anothersignificantfearwasthatpeoplewould

disrupt(扰乱)therobots,ortrytostealthemandtheircontents.Topreventthis,therobotisfittedwithninecameras,twowayaudio,andmovementsensorsthatse

ndawarningifitisliftedofftheground.Anditopensonlywithapasscodeprovidedtothecustomerviaanotification.―It‘smucheasiertoshopl

iftthanitistostealarobot,‖saidMartinson.1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword―courier‖inParagraph2?A.delivererB.collectorC

.providerD.guide2.Accordingtothetext,theStarshiprobot________.A.opensupuponhearingthecodeB.travels10milesperhourat

mostC.findsitswaybymeansofGPSandcamerasD.sendsamessagetothecustomeruponarrival3.ThetestofStarshiprobotsshowsthat________.A.theyareeasytooperateB.

therobotdeliveryisappreciatedinbigcitiesC.therobotdeliveryischeaperthanhumandeliveryD.theycantravelfor10

hourscontinuously4.WhichofthefollowingisoneoftheworriesaboutStarshiprobots?A.Safetyoftherobotdelivery.B.Accuracyoftherobo

tdeliveryC.Peoplesindifferencetotherobots.D.People‘sconcernaboutpublictraffic.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbet

hebesttitleforthetext?A.GreatImprovementofJustEatB.GlobalTrendofFoodCompaniesC.NewRobotstoMoveonthero

adD.DeliveryRobotstoReplaceTakeawayDrivers【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了伦敦一家食品速递公司宣布未来会使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，目前该公司在几个城市都测试了陆地快递机器人送餐服务。未来送货机器人可能会取代人类

送快递。1.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段YournextSaturdaynighttakeawaycouldbebroughttoyoubyarobotafteramajorfooddeliverycompanyann

ouncedplanstouseautomatedvehiclestotransportmeals.可知，一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。所以这个词是“投递”的意思，故选A。2.C【解

析】细节理解题。根据第二段ItusesaGPSsignalandninecamerastonavigate(确定方向).Insteadofapersonarrivingattheirdoor,customerscouldfind

themselvesreceivinganotification(通知)ontheirphonethatsaysarobotisonitswayandacodetounlocktheautomatedcourier.可知，Starshi

p机器人依靠全球定位系统和照相机找到路。故选C。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Therobot,whichhassofarbeentestedinGreenwich,MiltonKeynesandGlasto

nbury,costs￡1totransportwithin3miles,comparedwiththe￡3to￡6itcostsforahumancourier.可知，机器人送餐要比人送餐更便宜。故选C。4.A【解析】推理

判断题。根据第五段第一句Anothersignificantfearwasthatpeoplewoulddisrupt(扰乱)therobots,ortrytostealthemandtheircontents.（另一重大担忧就是

担心人们干扰机器人，或是想把机器人及其所运物品偷走)可以推断出，担忧机器人运送的安全问题。故选A。5.D【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文，特别是第一段第一句YournextSaturdaynighttakeawaycouldbebroughtto

youbyarobotafteramajorfooddeliverycompanyannouncedplanstouseautomatedvehiclestotransportmeals.（一家食品速递公司宣布计划使用自动驾驶机器人送餐，你下周六晚上

点的外卖，说不定就由机器人送达。)可知，D项DeliveryRobotstoReplaceTakeawayDrivers作为标题最合适。吉林省五地六校2019届高三最后一考科普类Chinahascompleteditshome-grown

BeiDouNavigation(导航)SatelliteSystem(BDS)withthesuccessfullaunchoftwomoreBDS-3satellites,19inall,andhasstartedpr

ovidingservicestocountriesparticipatingintheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)sincetheendof2018.TheBDS,whichwillcompeteagainsttheUS'GlobalPositioningSystem(G

PS),willprovidehigh-precision,reliablepositioning,navigationandtimingservicesanywhereintheworldbytheendof2020.TheBelt

andRoadInitiativeisanambitiousefforttoimproveregionalcooperationandconnectivityinatrans-continentalrange.T

heinitiativeaimstostrengtheninfrastructure(基础设施),trade,andinvestmentlinksbetweenChinaandsome65othercountries.Itisalsoexp

ectedtoincreaseBeijing'sinfluenceinthesecountries.―ThisisakeystepfortheBDSdevelopingfromaChinesehomesystemt

oaregionalandthenaglobalnavigationsystem,‖saidYangChangfeng,chiefdesigneroftheBeiDousystem.Chinaplanstolaunchanother11BDS-3satellitesbet

weentheendof2018and2020.ChinadevelopedtheBDSthroughauniquetechnologicalapproach,contributingChinesewisdomtothetheory

andconstructionofinternationalsatellitenavigationsystems.Altogether18BDSsatelliteshavebeensentintospacein2018,makingthisyearthemostint

ensivelaunchoftheBDSsatellites.Theyimprovedtheirworkefficiencybyreformingthemanagementprocess.Thenumber

ofsatellitestaffatthelaunchcenterhasbeenreducedbynearlyhalf,andthetestingtimebeforelaunchhasbeenshort

enedbynearlyathird.IntheCASTproductionbaseinBeijing,severalBDSsatellitesarebeingmanufacturedatthesametime.Theytrytoimproveintellige

ntmanufacturingcapability,andcutdownproductiontimes.ConstructionoftheBDS-3systemhasaccelerated.OncetheBDSisfullycompleted,itwillbethefourthglobals

atellitenavigationsystemaftertheUSGPSsystem,Russia‘sGLONASSandtheEuropeanUnion‘sGalileo.Indiatoo,isbuildingitsnavigationalsystemca

lledtheIndianRegionalNavigationSatelliteSystem(IRNSS),withanoperationalnameofNAVIC.1.WhencantheBDSofferglobalservices?A.In2018.B.In

2019.C.In2020.D.In2025.2.WhatcantheBDSdonow?A.TaketheplaceoftheGPSoftheUSA.B.Watchanyoneanywhereintheworld.C.Controlt

heBeltandRoadcountries.D.ServetheBeltandRoadInitiative.3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.TheuniquecharactersoftheBDS.B.TheChinesetechnol

ogyoftheBDS.C.TheeffortsofthestaffoftheBDS.D.ThedifficultiestheBDShastodealwith.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.China‘sBDSisap

proachingitsgoalstepbystepB.China‘sBDShasbecomethefourthglobalsatellitenavigationsystemC.China‘sBDShelpsBRIincreaseBeijing‘sinternationalinf

luenceD.TheuniquetechnologicalapproachmakesChina‘sBDSoutstanding【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统

。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中―TheBDS,whichwillcompeteagainsttheUS‘GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),willprovidehigh-precision,reliableposition

ing,navigationandtimingservicesanywhereintheworldbytheendof2020‖可知，到2020年底，北斗卫星导航系统将提供全球服务，故C项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中―hasstartedprovidingse

rvicestocountriesparticipatingintheBeltandRoadInitiative(BRI)sincetheendof2018‖可知，北斗卫星导航系统自2018年底就已经开始为―一带一路‖沿线国家提供服务，故D项正确。3.C【解析】段落大意题

。根据第四段内容，特别是根据“Altogether18BDSsatelliteshavebeensentintospacein2018,makingthisyearthemostintensivela

unchoftheBDSsatellites.Theyimprovedtheirworkefficiencybyreformingthemanagementprocess.”可知，2018年是北斗导航卫星发射最为密集

的一年，他们通过改革管理流程来提高工作效率，由此可知，本段主要介绍北斗卫星导航系统全体员工为之所付出的努力，故C项正确。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“OncetheBDSisfu

llycompleted,itwillbethefourthglobalsatellitenavigationsystemaftertheUSGPSsystem,,Russia‘sGLONASSandtheEuropeanUnion‘sGal

ileo.”可知，本文主要介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统，故A项正确。【点睛】主旨大意题的难度较大，对首尾两段的理解是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段中的“TheBDS,whichwill

competeagainsttheUS'GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS),willprovidehigh-precision,reliablepositioning,navigationa

ndtimingservicesanywhereintheworldbytheendof2020.”可知，到2020年底，北斗卫星导航系统将提供全球服务，再根据最后一段中的“OncetheBDSisfullycompleted,itwil

lbethefourthglobalsatellitenavigationsystemaftertheUSGPSsystem,,Russia‘sGLONASSandtheEuropeanUnion‘sGalileo.”可知，一旦北斗卫星导航系统全

部完成，它将成为全球第四大卫星导航系统，文章中间部分又介绍了北斗导航系统组网的发展，由此可知，本文主要介绍了中国北斗卫星导航系统正在一步一步地完成它的既定目标，并将最终成为全球第四大卫星导航系统。四川省成都

市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测英语试题环保类Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossibly

distant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsomethingalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaf

fectcoffee.Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-g

rowingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadver

selyaffectedbyevenahalf-degreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplant

atincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetempe

raturehasincreasedbyl.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffe

ehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsu

itableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totak

eadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.Coffeeisthesecondmosttr

adedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsinth

eireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandt

otakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive

,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealiv

ingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"adversely"inPa

ragraph3mostprobablymean?A.slightly.B.temporarily.C.harmfully.D.gradually.2.Whywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeei

nhighlandareas?A.Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.B.Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.ToreducethecostofcoffeeproductionD.Togetaccesstowatersu

pplymoreeasily.3.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.TherichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorerB.Smallchangesmayh

avelargeeffectsingeneralC.Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.D.Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.4.Howdoestheauthorfeela

boutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.Cautious.B.Worried.C.Unconcerned.D.Hopeful.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖

啡。到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。1.C【解析】词义猜测题。下文Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedrisk

oftheeffectsofclimatechange.说这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，

也会对其产生不利影响。"adversely"意思是有害的，A.slightly.轻微地；B.temporarily.临时地；C.harmfully.有害的；D.gradually.逐步地，故选C。2.A【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第五段Coffeeproductionislikely

tothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.（咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将

不足以弥补失去的低地地区。)由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。3.B【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andthe

inabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.(咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，

可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.（不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数

百万美元。)由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。4.B【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaf

fectcoffee.（一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。)和第五段Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowi

ngcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.（事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。)由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。安徽师范大学附属中学2019届高三5月考前适应性检测环保类Corals(珊瑚)areoftendescribedas

underseaforests,buttheyaredecliningfarmorequicklythantheAmazon.Thecoralreefs(礁)arelikelytobeamongthefirstecosystemstobewipedou

tbyclimatechange.Atemperatureriseofjust1to2℃canleadtothedeathofthealgae(海藻)uponwhichcoralsdepend,drainingthemof

colorandmakingthestructuremorefragile.Thesebleaching(脱色)eventscanbetemporaryifwaterscool,butthemorefrequenttheyareandthelonger

theylast,thegreatertheriskofdamageis.Butthat‘sexactlywhatishappening.Bleachingwasfirstobservedin1983.Itwasseenonagloballevelin19

98,then2010,andthenfrom2015to2017.Mostavailablescientificevidencetellsusthatunlesswedosomethingtolimitwarmingt

o1.5℃,wewilllose99%oftheworld‘scoralreefsincomingdecades.Butthereareotherthreatsbeyondwarming.OffthePhilippin

eislandofPalawan,itsoldreefshavebeenbadlydamagedbydirtywaterfromthetouristholidaycenter,pollutionfromboatsandoverfishing.Theareaoughttobeashelterbec

auseit‘soneoftheoceanregionsmostbearabletoclimatechange.―Evenhere,wearelosingourcorals,‖saidDavidObura,chairoftheGlobalSpecialistGroupintheInternatio

nalUnionfortheConservationofNature.―Weneedtoreducestressfromoverfishing,coastaldevelopment,pollutionandtourism.‖―I‘mage

nerationofscientistswatchingthemdisappear.It‘sverydepressing,‖Oburasaid.―Above1.5℃,inabout50years,theywillbeatreas

ureofhistoricmoviesandpictures,butverylittletoseeinreallife.Childrenborntodaymaybethelastgenerationtoseecoralreefsinallthei

rglory.‖1.Howdoestherisingtemperatureaffectcorals?A.Bydamagingthealgae.B.Bydarkeningtheircolor.C.Bycuttingtheirfoodr

esources.D.Bychangingtheirstructurestemporarily.2.Whathappenedafter2015accordingtothetext?A.Bleachingfirstbecamea

globalissue.B.Theocean‘stemperaturewentupsteadily.C.Welost99%oftheworld‘scoralreefs.D.World-widecoralbleachinglastedlonger.3.Whatfactorthatthreat

enscoralsisstressedinParagraph3?A.Illegalfishing.B.Climatechange.C.Oceanpollution.D.Globalwarming.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitl

eforthetext?A.Philippine‘scoralreefsareunderthreat.B.Experts‘greatconcernonglobalwarming.C.Recordourunderseafore

stsbeforeitistoolateD.Thenextgenerationmayneverseethebeautyofcoralreefs【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为气候，污染等因素的影响导致珊瑚礁即将消失的问题。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的―Atemperatu

reriseofjust1to2℃canleadtothedeathofthealgae(海藻)uponwhichcoralsdepend,drainingthemofcolorandmakingthest

ructuremorefragile.‖可知，温度只升高1到2℃就会导致珊瑚依赖的藻类死亡，使它们的颜色消退，结构更脆弱。由此可知，温度上升是通过损害藻类而影响珊瑚的。故A选项正确。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的―The

sebleaching(脱色)eventscanbetemporaryifwaterscool,butthemorefrequenttheyareandthelongertheylast,thegreatertheriskofdamageis.Butthat‘sexactlywhatish

appening.Bleachingwasfirstobservedin1983.Itwasseenonagloballevelin1998,then2010,andthenfrom2015to2017.‖可知，“脱色”事件在水冷却的情况下可能是暂

时的，但其频率越频繁，持续时间越长，损坏的风险越大。但这正是正在发生的事情。“脱色”于1983年首次被观察到。在1998年、2010年、2015年到2017年在全球范围内出现―脱色‖现象。由此可知，2015年之后，全世界范围的珊瑚―脱色

‖情况持续的时间越来越长，发生频率越来越高。故D选项正确。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的―itsoldreefshavebeenbadlydamagedbydirtywaterfromthetouristholidaycenter,pollutionfromboats

andoverfishing‖可知，thePhilippine的旧珊瑚礁因旅游度假中心的污水、船只的污染和过度捕捞而受到严重破坏。因此，结合选项，只有海洋污染符合题意。故C选项正确。4.D【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出：珊

瑚礁可能是受气候变化影响的第一生态系统之一。第二段和第三段分析了影响珊瑚礁的一些因素。第四段进一步强调：大约50年后，珊瑚礁将成为历史电影和图片的珍宝，但在现实生活中却很少能看到。今天出生的孩子可能是最后一代看到珊瑚礁的人。由此可知，整篇文章主要突出了珊瑚礁濒临消

失，导致我们的下一代再也见不到美丽的珊瑚礁了。故D选项切题。湖北省黄冈市2019届高三模拟环保类―Birds‖and―airports‖aretwowordsthat,pairedtogether,don‘tnormallypain

tthemostharmoniouspicture.SoitreallyraisessomeeyebrowswhenChinaannouncesplanstobuildanairportthatisf

orbirds.Describedastheworld‘sfirst-everbirdairport,theproposedLingangBirdSanctuary(保护区)inthenortherncoastalcityofTianjinis,ofcourse,notan

actualairport.Rather,it‘sawetlandpreservespecificallydesignedtoaccommodatehundreds-eventhousands-ofdailyta

keoffsandlandingsbybirdstravelingalongtheEastAsian-AustralasianFlyway.Over50speciesofmigratory(迁徙的)waterbirds，someendangered,willstopa

ndfeedattheprotectedsanctuarybeforecontinuingtheirlongjourneyalongtheflyway.Locatedonaformerlandfillsite,the150-acrea

irportisalsoopentohumantravelers.(Halfamillionvisitorsareexpectedannually.)However,insteadofduty-freeshopping,themainattractionfornon-egg-layi

ngcreaturesatTianjin‘snewestairportwillbeagreen-roofededucationandresearchcenter,aseriesofraised―observationplatforms

‖andanetworkofscenicwalkingandcyclingpathstotalingover4miles.―TheproposedBirdAirportwillbeagloballysignific

antsanctuaryforendangeredmigratorybirdspecies,whileprovidingnewgreenlungsforthecityofTianjin.‖AdrianMcGregorofanAustralianlandscapearchit

ecturefirmexplainedofthedesign.Frequentlyblanketedinsmogsothickthatithasshutdownrealairports,Tianjinisacity--China‘sfourthmostpopulous--thatwouldcer

tainlybenefitfromanewpairofhealthygreenlungs.1.Theunderlinedphrase―non-egg-layingcreatures‖inParagraph3refersto?A.De

signers.B.Visitors.C.Endangeredwaterbirds.D.Planes.2.Whatdoweknowabouttheairportaccordingtothepassage?A.Itfunctionsasanactualairportandawetlan

dpreserve.B.Itislocatedona150-acrelandfillsite.C.Itprovidesmigratorybirdswithfoodandshelter.D.Peoplecannotwatchbirdsupcloseh

ere.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Tianjin‘sairqualitywillimprovethankstotheairport.B.Tianjinwillwinworldwidefameinthefuture.C.

Theairportwillbecomeapermanenthomeforbirds.D.Tianjinwillbeabletoaccommodatemorepeople.4.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Airports

shutdownandopenup.B.Airportsturnintogreenlungs.C.ChinaistoopenthefirstBirdAirport.D.Birdsarenolongerenemiestoairports.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新

闻报道，介绍了中国将在天津建立鸟类机场保护区的计划及其重大意义。1.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However,insteadofduty-freeshopping,themainattractionfor”可知，然而，在天津最新的机场，吸引游客的不是

免税购物，而是一个绿色屋顶的教育和研究中心，由此可知画线词指的是“游客”，故B项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Over50speciesofmigratory(迁徙的)waterbirds，

someendangered,willstopandfeedattheprotectedsanctuarybeforecontinuingtheirlongjourneyalongtheflyway”可知，迁徙的候鸟可以在此停

留和吃东西，由此可知，这个机场为迁徙的候鸟提供食物和休息区，故C项正确。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“TheproposedBirdAirportwillbeagloballysignificantsanctuaryforendangeredmigr

atorybirdspecies,whileprovidingnewgreenlungsforthecityofTianjin.”及“Tianjinisacity--China‘sfourthmostpopulous--thatwouldcert

ainlybenefitfromanewpairofhealthygreenlungs.”可知，新机场将为天津提供一对新的城市绿肺，而人口众多的天津将会从中受益，由此可知，天津的空气质量和环境会因为这个新机场得到改善，故A项正确。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是

第一段中的“SoitreallyraisessomeeyebrowswhenChinaannouncesplanstobuildanairportthatisforbirds.”可知，本文介绍了中国计划建立第一个鸟类机场保护区，故C项正确。武汉第二中学201

9届高三五月全仿真模拟环保类Electriccarsaredirty.Infact,notonlyaretheydirty,theymightevenbedirtierthantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.Peo

pleinCalifornialovetotalkabout―zero-emissionsvehicles‖,butpeopleinCaliforniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectr

icitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostlyusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthenewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcells,wegeto

urelectricityfromgenerators(发电机).Generatorsarefueledbysomething—usuallycoal,oil,butalsobyheatgeneratedinnucle

arpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsandgeothermal(地热)plantsaswell,butbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inotherwords,those

―zero-emissions‖carsarelikelycoal-burningcars.It‘sjustbecausethecoalisburnedsomewhereelse,itlooksclean.Itisnot.It‘sasiftheCaliforn

iaGreensarecoveringtheireyes—―IfIcan‘tseeit,it‘snothappening.‖Gasolineisanincrediblyefficientwaytopoweravehicle;agallonofgashasalotofener

gyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgas(oranotherfuel)andfirstuseittomakeelectricity,youwasteanicepartofthatenergy,mostlyintheformofwastedheat

—atthegenerator,throughthetransmissionlines,etc.Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthat

gallonofgaswon‘tgetyouasfar—soelectriccarsburnmorefuelthangasoline-poweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesorgeothermal,orhydroorwindo

rsolar,thenanelectriccartrulywouldbeclean.Butforpolitical,technical,andeconomicreasons,wedon‘tusemuchofth

oseenergysources.Inaddition,electriccars‘batterieswhicharepoisonousforalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill.Andfinally,whencarsarethepolluters,t

hepollutionisspreadacrossalltheroads.Whenit‘sapowerplant,though,allthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsaretooconcentrated,but

ittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Electriccarsarefarfromb

eingclean.B.Electriccarsarebetterthangasoline-poweredones.C.Peoplecastdoubtsonelectriccars‘batteries.D.Gasolineisanefficientwaytopoweravehicle.2.Thee

lectricitywegetfromagallonofgasmaymakeourcarrun.A.nolessthan25milesB.asfaras50milesC.lessthan25milesD.asfaras25miles3.Accordi

ngtothetext,electriccars.A.aremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyB.burnmorefuelthangas-poweredonesC.areverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentratedD.a

repoisonousforalongtimeandwilleventuallyendupinalandfill4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.beinggreenisgoodandshouldbeenc

ouragedincommunicationB.electriccarsarethedominantvehiclescomparedwiththeirgas-poweredcousinsC.zero-emissionsvehiclesshould

bechosentoprotectourenvironmentD.electriccarsarenotcleanbecausewegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。电动车真的没有污染吗？通过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这样

的，电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染，因为它所使用的电，仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来实现的。1.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Electriccarsaredirty.Infact，notonlyaretheydirty，th

eymightevenbemoredirtythantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.说明电动车一点也不环保。故A正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段1，2行Agallonofgasmaydriveyourcar25

miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswon'tgetyounearlyasfar.一加仑汽油可能使你的汽车行驶25英里.但是你从那加仑汽油中得到的电力不会让你的车行那么远。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根

据文章Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetthatgallonofgaswon'tgetyounearlyasfar-soelectriccarsbummorefuelthan

gasoline-poweredones，可知电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多，故选B。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电能，是需要通过燃烧煤炭等自然资源的，所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。故D正确。议论文

1.湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2019届高三一模英语试题Laughterispartoftheuniversalhumanvocabulary.Allmembersofthehumanspeciesunders

tandit.UnlikeEnglishorFrenchorSwahili,wedon‘thavetolearntospeakit.Werebornwiththecapacitytolaugh.Verylittleisknownaboutthespecificbrainme

chanismsresponsibleforlaughter.Contrarytofolkwisdom,mostlaughterisnotabouthumor;itisaboutrelationships.

Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh,Iwentwithseveralassistantstolocalmallsandrecordedwhathappenedjustbeforepeoplelaughe

d.Overa10-yearperiod,westudiedover2,000casesofnaturallyoccurringlaughter.Wefoundthatmostlaughterdoesnotnecessa

rilyfollowjokes.Peoplemaylaughafteravarietyofstatements,suchas,―HerecomesMary,‖―Howdidyoudoonthetest?‖or―Doyouhavear

ubberband?‖Thesecertainlyaren‘tjokes.Webelievelaughterevolvedfromthepanting(喘气的)behaviorofourancientancestors.Today

,ifwetickle(使发痒)chimps,theydon‘tlaugh.But,instead,theyproduceapantingsound.That‘sthesoundofapelaughter,andit‘

stherootofhumanlaughter.Apeslaughinthekindsofsituationsthatleadtohumanlaughter,likegamesthatinvolvechasing.Otheranimalsproducesoundsdur

ingplay,buttheyaresodifferentfromlaughter.Rats,forexample,producehighsoundsduringplayandwhentickled,buttheseare

verydifferentinsoundfromhumanlaughter.Laughterisoftenpositive,butitcanbenegativetoo.There‘sadifference

between―laughingwith‖and―laughingat‖.Peoplewholaughatothersmaybetryingtodrivethemoutofthegroup.Noonehasactuallycounte

dhowmuchpeopleofdifferentageslaugh,butyoungchildrenprobablylaughthemost.Atages5and6weprobablylaughmor

ethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren,probablybecausetheyplayless.Worknowunderwaywilltellusmoreaboutthebrainmechani

smsbehindlaughter,howithasevolved,andwhywe‘resosusceptibletotickling.1.Whatwasthepurposeofthedecade‘sresearch?A.Toprovethatp

eoplelaughbecauseofhumour.B.Tofindouttherealreasonforpeopleslaughter.C.Toresearchpeoplesdifferentreactiononjokes.D.Torecordconvers

ationsamongshoppersinmalls.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Peoplewhoplaymoretendtolaughmore.B.Apesproducehighsoundswhe

ntickled.C.Scientistsknowthebrainmechanismsresponsibleforlaughterwell.D.Thesituationsinwhichapeslaughareverydi

fferentfromthoseinwhichhumanslaugh.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―susceptible‖inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Sens

itive.B.Flexible.C.Addictive.D.Reliable.4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImpactofLaugh

terB.TheMeaningofLaughterC.ABigMystery:WhyDoWeLaugh?D.Laughter:TheMostBeautifulWords【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世

上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了人类为什么笑这个话题。1.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的Tofindoutwhenandwhypeoplelaugh可知本文写作目的是弄清楚人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故B项正确。2.

A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的Atages5and6weprobablylaughmorethanatanyothertimes.Adultslaughlessthanchildren,probablybecausetheyplayless.可知，玩得多的人

笑得多。A项正确。3.A词义猜测题。联系上下文可知susceptible（易受……影响的)与sensitive的意思最为接近。故选A。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言，笑容是世上最温暖的语言，本文探讨了人类为什么而笑这个问题。故C项为最佳标题。2.

东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题Connectingwithpeoplehasbecomesomucheasierwithadvancingtechnology.Tasksthatoncerequiredapostagestamporcarrie

rpigeonarenowassimpleastappinganameorevenafaceonyourscreen,andyou‘reconnected.Butalsoeasierisunconsciouslygettingcaughtupina

dilemmabyviolatingcertainnewrulesforcommunicating.Abigoneforsome:Don‘tcalluntilyou‘vetextedtoconfirmit‘sOKtocall.Butthat‘sjustthebeginning.―I‘mus

uallyprettymildandnotmuchbothersme,‖saidMarkAngielle,a29-year-oldofficemanagerfromWhitePlains,NewYork.Buttheonethingthathehatesmorethananythingels

einlifeistheterribleone-wordmessage—―K.‖―Attheveryleastreplywith,Gotit.‖hesaid―Atleastgivemeafewwordshere.You‘renotthatbusy.‖Therearehundreds,p

erhapseventhousands,ofotherswhohavetakenLosocialmediatoexpresstheirdistasteforpeoplewhodon‘tfollowtheunwrittenrulesofdigitalcommunication.―The

serulesaresimplyanewdisplayofaphenomenonwe‘veseeninthepast,‖saidJamesIvory,professorofcommunicationaVir

giniaTech.Inthesamewaythatgenerationsandsmallgroupsoffriendshavetheirownslangandcustoms,internetculturehasgivenbirthtotechnol

ogy-dependentbeingsthathavetheirownuniquesetofroutine.Butnoteveryonegetsthepoint.Unlikelanguage,digitalcommunicationcanbefilledwitham

biguousclues(线索、迹象)thatthepersonontheotherendofthecall,textoremailmayormaynoteasilyunderstand.―Assoonaspeoplearen‘ttalkingfacetoface,thefirstthingtha

tgetslostissomeoftherichnessofthebodylanguage,‖Ivorysaid,―Peopleimmediatelyfillthatgapbyusingemoji(表情符号)tosumu

pafeelinginseconds.―There'sgreatpotentialfordanger,‖Ivorywarned.―What'sconsideredpoliteinoneformmightbeinapp

ropriateorrudeinanotheroccasion.‖1.WhatcanyouinferaboutMarkfromParagraph2?A.Heisabusinessmanwithabadtemper.B.

Hecomplainsaboutsocialmanners.C.Hecan‘tbearone-wordmessages.D.Hedislikeabusybusinesslife.2.Accordingtot

hetext,whichofthefollowingbreakstherulesforcommunicating?A.Johnsays―Igotit.‖tohisbossfacetoface.B.JimcallsBillwitho

utconfirminginadvance.C.MarytextsLilytomakesureifshecancallher.D.Jacksends―Thanksalot‖tohisbusinessfrien

ds.3.Whymaypeoplemisunderstandeachotherduringdigitalcommunication?A.Emojicannotsumupfeelings.B.Peopleusetheirownsl

angandcustoms.C.Therearelargequantitiesofwrittenrules.D.Peoplegetswrongmessageswithoutclearclues.4.Whatar

epeopleexpectedtodoafterreadingtiepassage?A.Toobeytheirowndigitalcommunicationrules.B.Tobeawareofrulesduringdigi

talcommunication.C.Touseadvancingtechnologyevenwithdisadvantages.D.Tokeeppacewithdigitalcommunicationdevelopment.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。

随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。1.C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“Buttheonethingthathehatesmorethananythingelseinli

feistheterribleone-wordmessage”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键词“hate,terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。2.B【解析】推理判

断题。由第一段“Don‘tcalluntilyou‘vetextedtoconfirmit‘sOKtocall”可知，在你发短信确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。很多人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。故B选项正确。3

.D【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlikelanguage,digitalcommunicationcanbefilledwithambiguousclues(线索、迹象)thatthepersonontheotherendofthecall

,textoremailmayormaynoteasilyunderstand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线

索的情况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正确。4.B【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以判断出短文目的就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。所以读了这

篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。故B选项正确。3.山东省临沂市2019届高三三模考试ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimtohavemadeanewdiscovery—theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesand

twigsoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground，over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeendescribedasthefirs

tofitskindintheworld.Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Ratherthandrillingdeepholestofindgold，theyh

avemorewaystoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldintheleaves.Itwouldtake500treestomakeonegoldring.The

goldisfoundusingaspecialX—raymachineownedbyanAustraliangovernmentagency.ApureX-rayandapowerfulmicroscopescanth

eleavesandbranches.Theclaimthatthisisthefirsttimethatgoldparticles(微粒)havebeenfoundinlivingmaterialmightnotbetrue，though.AncientChinesewisdomunder

stoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindmineralsandthatwasthousandsofyearsago.IntheZhou

Dynasty，itwaswritteninabookthatacertainplantgrewonlyneardepositsofgold.Overthenext2，000years，Chinesepeoplewroteaboutdifferentp

lantsandhowtheygrew，showedwheremineralsandpreciousstonessuchasjade，copper，lead，silverandgoldwere.Evenmoreimp

ortantly，inthe1000s，SuSongdescribedhowcopper，gold，silver，leadandtinwereobservedandtakenfromcertainplants.Thesewereamazingscientificdiscoveries.Meanw

hile，thisknowledgewasunknownintherestoftheworlduntilabout1600.ThiswaswhenaBritishmanrealisedthatoaktreesgrew

largerandgreenerwheretherewasalum(明矾)intheground.MaybeancientChinesehasmoreknowledgetoteachmodernscientists.1.Whatcanwekn

owfromParagraph1?A.500deadtreescanmakeonegoldring.B.Thetreescanabsorbthegoldfromdeepunderground.C.Scientisthavefoun

dgold30metersbelowunderground.D.Thecompaniesfindithardtofindgold.2.Howdoscientistsfindgoldintheleaves?A.Byobservingthe

leavescarefully.B.Bydrillingdeepholes.C.Byusingaspecialx—ray.D.Byreferringtoancientbooks.3.Whofirstdiscoveredthattherewascon

nectionbetweenplantsandminerals?A.AncientChinesepeople.B.SuSong.C.Australianscientists.D.ABritishman.4.Whatisthepurpo

seofthelastparagraph?A.Tointroducetwogreatscientistsinancienttimes.B.Toprovidemoreevidencetosupportthewriter‘sop

inion.C.Toshowhowancientpeoplegotgoldfromcertainplants.D.ToprovethatancientChinesehasmoreknowledgethanmodernsc

ientists.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。澳大利亚西部的科学家们声称有了一项新发现——他们在树叶和树枝中发现了金子，这一发现被描述为世界上第一个类似的发现。但作者认为第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法可能是不正确的，并证实了这种观点。1.

B【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground，over30metresdown.”可知，研究人员相信这些树能从30米以下的地下深处吸收黄金。所以从第一段我们可以

知道树木能从地下深处吸收金子。故B选项正确。2.C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“ThegoldisfoundusingaspecialX—raymachineownedbyanAustraliangovernmen

tagency”可知，黄金是用澳大利亚政府机构拥有的一台特殊的X光机来发现的。所以科学家用特殊的x射线来寻找树叶中的金子。故C选项正确。3.A【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“AncientChinesewisdomu

nderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindminer

alsandthatwasthousandsofyearsago.”可知，中国古代的智慧了解植物和其下面的宝石和矿物之间的联系。他们用植物来寻找矿物，那是几千年前的事了。所以中国古代人民首先发现植物和矿物之

间有联系。故A选项正确。4.B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段可知，重要的是，在11世纪，苏松描述了铜、金、银、铅和锡是如何被观察到并从某些植物中被提取出来。这些都是令人惊奇的科学发现。同时，直到1600年左右，世界其他地方都不知

道这一知识。这时一个英国人意识到橡树变得更大更绿。在其下面发现了明矾，也许古代中国人有更多的知识来传授给现代科学家。所以最后一段，仍然在说明在生命物质中发现金子微粒很早就已经存在了。所以第一次在生命物质中发现金子微粒的说法是不正确的。故最后一段的目的是提供更多的证据来支持作者的观点。故B选项正确。

4.江西师范大学附属中学2019届高三三模Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringse

lf-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,

whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe―outofsight,o

utofmind‖principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerth

anthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquest

ion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon‘tbelievethatone‘swillpowerisevercompletelyexhau

sted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapin

tothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoap

oint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-con

troloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexh

austedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprove

willpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear‘sEveistheworstpo

ssibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don‘ttrytoquitsmo

king,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Ba

umeistersays,you‘llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon‘trequ

iremakingdecisionsatall.1.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivatione

nsuresone‘ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure2.Theunderlinedphrase―

tapinto‖inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase3.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles

.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanheeasi

lyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control4.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.―Iwillgiveupdessertandd

oexercise.‖B.―Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.‖C.―IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.‖D.―Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.‖【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。短文列举

了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。1.C【解析】细节推理题。根据第三段Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisever

completelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力

。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故C选项正确。2.A【解析】猜测词义题。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhen

ourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出―tapinto‖指利用，与m

akeuseof同义。故A选项正确。3.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyreg

ularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志

力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinpla

ce,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecis

ionsatall.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好

习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。5.河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试Squirrelsaren‘tnaturalcitydwellers(居民).In1986thesightofoneinatre

enearNewYork‘scityhallsosurprisedpassers-bythatanewspaperpublishedareportaboutthe―unusualvisitor‖.Aroundth

attime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica‘surbanareasto―createpocketsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,‖saysUniversityofPennsylvani

ahistorianEtienneBenson,whostudiedourrelationshiptosquirrelsoverthecourseoffiveyears.First,theywereintroducedtoPhilade

lphia,thentoNewHaven,Boston,andNewYorkCity.Parkvisitorswereencouragedtofeedthem,andsecurityguardsensuredtheirsafety.Inthe1910saleaderofth

eBoyScoutsofAmerica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)saidthatteachingchildrentofeedsquirrel

scouldshowtherewardsoftreatingaweakercreaturewithsympathy,saysBenson.Bytheearly20thcentury,though,Americabegantoregretthe

friendlinessithadshownsquirrels.Citieshadoncebeenfilledwithanimals—fromhorsespullinggoodstodairycows.Bythe1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmove

dtothecountryside.Petsandwildanimalssuchasbirdsandsquirrelswereallthatremainedoftheurbananimalkingdom.Beforelong,people‘senthu

siasmforsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemasannoyances.Bythe1970smanyparksbannedfeedingthecreatures.Today,itisra

retofindkidswiththeirparentsofferingfoodtosquirrelsunderatree.And,unfortunately,withmoreandmorebuildingsbeingconstructedinthecity,feweri

nhabitable(适宜栖息的)areasareleftforthelittletree-dwellinganimals.Whatwouldbelostifthelastofthesecitydwellerswereforcedtoleave?―Ithinkthere‘ssom

ethingconstructivetohaveotherlivingcreaturesinthecitythatarenothumansandnotpetsbutsharethelandwithus,‖saysBenson.―It‘sagood

thingtoliveinalandscapewhereyouseeothercreaturesgoingaroundmakinglunch.It‘sgoodforthesoul.‖1.What‘sthepurposeofintroducingsqui

rrelstoPhiladelphia?A.Toentertainparkvisitors.B.Tokeepthenaturalbalance.C.Toencouragekidstoprotectanimals.D.

Tomaketheurbanlifemorepeaceful.2.WhatwastheBoyScoutsleader‘sattitudetowardsfeedingsquirrels?A.Disagreeable.B.Doubtfu

l.C.Supportive.D.Uncaring.3.Whatmighthavehappenedtosquirrelsincitiesaroundthe1960s?A.Theymighthaveinhabitedm

orehomes.B.Theymighthavebeguntogooutoffavor.C.Theymighthavebeenintroducedtomorecities.D.Theymighthavebeenmovedtothecountryside.4.Whatd

oesBensonsuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Squirrelslivingincitiesareannoying.B.Feedingsquirrelsshouldbediscouraged.C.Squirre

lsshouldbeallowedtoliveincities.D.Itispossibleforpeopletokeepsquirrelsaspets.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是否应该留在城市生活的问题。1.D【

解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Aroundthattime,thetree-dwellinganimalswerebeingsetfreeinAmerica‘surbanareasto―createpocke

tsofpeaceandcalmlikethecountryside,‖可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的Inthe1910saleaderoftheBoyScoutsofAm

erica(anorganizationteachingboyspracticalskills)saidthatteachingchildrentofeedsquirrelscouldshowtherewardsoftre

atingaweakercreaturewithsympathy,saysBenson.（Benson说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。)可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。3.B【解析】

推理判断题。根据第四段中的Bythe1950sthoseworkinganimalshadbeenmovedtothecountryside（到20世纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村)和第五段中的Beforelong,peoplesenthusiasm

forsquirrelsworeoff,andtheystartedtoseethemasannoyances.Bythe1970smanyparksbannedfeedingthecreatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌

的东西。到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些动物喂食。)由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。4.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的constructive和agoodthing等关键词

，以及It‘sgoodforthesoul可判断Benson认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。（2019·河南高三期中)SummerStudentJobswiththeOntarioPublicServ

iceLearn.Grow.Contribute.Applicationsarenolongerbeingacceptedforthisyear‘sSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogr

am.FordetailsonwhentoapplytotheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogramnextyear,pleasecheckbackwithusinDecember/JanuaryAllStudentjobadswi

llbepostedonFebruary8,2019.Studentjobswillhavevaryingapplicationdeadlines.Reviewthe2019applicationsdea

dlinesandapplyforthestudentjobswhichyouareinterestedin.WatchourvideotolearnmoreaboutSummerEmploymentOpportunities.Fordetailsonhowtoapply,reviewo

urStudentApplicationGuide.TYPESOFSUMMERSTUDENTJOBSEveryyear,theOntarioPublicService,relatedagenciesandcommunitygroups,pr

ovideupto5,000studentswithjobsacrosstheprovince.ThesejobshelpOntariostudentswithlimitedworkexperiencedeveloptransferableskills,supp

orttheircareergoalsandlearnmoreabouttheOntarioPublicService!SummerEmploymentOpportunitiesarefull-time,temporarypositionsrangingfrom7-1

8weeksbetweenMayandSeptember.Weofferover70studentjobsinthefollowingcareerfields.•Administration•AgricultureandLivestoc

k•Business•CustomerService•Engineering•Environment•InformationManagement•Language•Maintenance•OntarioPlace•OntarioParks•Policy•Science•SocialServ

ices•TechnologyFormoreinformation,exploretheTypesofStudentJobs.1.WhatcanhelpastudentgetasummerjobinO

ntario?A.Limitedworkexperience.B.Excellentcommunicationskills.C.Limitedstudyexperience.D.Excellenttransferableski

lls.2.WhatisthejobrangerequiredbytheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram?A.1-6weeksbetweenMayandSeptember.B.7-18weeksbetweenMayandSeptemb

er.C.7-18weeksbetweenAugustandDecember.D.1-18weeksbetweenAugustandDecember.3.Howcanyougetmoreinformationtogetajobaccordingtothelastpartofthepa

ssage?A.Gotowatchtheirvideo.B.Gotothe2019applicationsC.GotoStudentApplicationGuide.D.GotoTypesofSummerStudentJobs.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。主要为一则安大略省公共服务部为学生提供暑

假工作的招聘启示。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据TYPESOFSUMMERSTUDENTJOBS部分中ThesejobshelpOntariostudentswithlimitedworkexperiencedevelopt

ransferableskills,supporttheircareergoalsandlearnmoreabouttheOntarioPublicService!（这些工作帮助那些工作经验有限的安大略省学生发

展可转移的技能，支持他们的职业目标，了解更多关于安大略省公共服务!)可知工作经验有限能够帮助学生在安大略省找一份暑期工作。故选A。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据TYPESOFSUMMERSTUDENTJOBS部分中SummerEmpl

oymentOpportunitiesarefull-time,temporarypositionsrangingfrom7-18weeksbetweenMayandSeptember.（夏季的工作机会是全职的，临时的职位，从5月到9月的7-18周不等。)可知根据夏季就

业机会项目的要求，工作时间范围为5月至9月之间7-18周。故选B。3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Formoreinformation,exploretheTypesofStudentJobs.（要了解更多信息，请探索TypesofStudentJobs。)可知你可以在

TypesofSummerStudentJobs了解更多信息。故选D。（2019·福建高三期末)ThePacificnationofPalauwillsoonbanmanytypesofsunscreeninanefforttoprotectitscoralreefs.PresidentTo

mmyRemengesauJr,signedlegislation(法令)recentlythatbans―reeftoxic‖(对珊瑚有毒)sunscreenbeginningin2020.Thelawdefinesreeftoxicsunscreenascontaininganyoneof

10chemicals,includingoxybenzone.Otherchemicalsmayalsobebanned.Officialswilltakebannedsunscreensfromvisitorswhocarrythemintothecountry,Businessestha

tsellthebannedproductswillbefinedupto$1,000.Inastatement,Remengesausaidthatthepunishmentsfindtherightbalancebet

ween―educatingtouristsandscaringthemaway.‖Thelawalsorequirestouroperatorstostartprovidingcustomerswithreusablecup

s,drinkingstrawsandfoodcontainers.Thepresidentsaidthelegislationwasintroducedbasedoninformationfroma2017report.Thereportfoundthatsun

screenproductswerewidespreadinPalau‘sfamousJellyfishLake.Thelakewasclosedformorethanayearbecauseofadecreaseinjellyfishnumbers.Itwas

recentlyreopened.Thepresidentalsonotedthatplasticwaste,chemicalpollution,andclimatechangeallthreatenthecountry‘senvironment

alhealth.Scientistshavefoundthatsomechemicalsinsunscreencanbetoxictocoralreefs.Thereelsareanimportantpartoftheocean

environmentandpopularwithtourists,Butsomecriticssaytherearenotenoughindependentscientificstudiesontheissue.Othersworrythatpeoplewillsufferfro

mtoomuchsuncontactiftheystopusingtheproducts.Somemanufacturershavealreadystartedselling―reef-friendly‖sunsc

reen.PalauislocatedeastofthePhilippinesandnorthofIndonesia.Thenationishometo21,000people.Itseconomydependson

tourismandfishing.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutPalau‘snewlegislation?A.Itcontributestothebalanceofnature.B.Itbenefitsth

ehealthofthetourists.C.Itallowsforenvironmentalprotection.D.Itisbasedonascientificresearch.5.Whatwillhappentovisitorscar

ryingbannedsunscreensintoPalauafter2020?A.Theywillbeputintoprison.B.Theirsunscreenswillbetakenaway.C.Theywillbefine

dupto$1,000D.Theywillbedrivenoutofthecountry.6.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothetext?A.Reef-toxicsu

nscreencontains10chemicals.B.JellyfishLakewasonceclosedandreopenedin2017.C.TouriststoPalauhavesufferedmuchfromsuncontact.D.―Reef-friendly‖

sunscreenareonsaleinPalau.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PalauCarriedoutNewLegislationB.SunscreenProductsAreReef-toxicC.P

alautoBanSunscreentoSaveItsCoralReefsD.PalautoSell―Reef-friendly‖Sunscreen【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多

种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。官员将从携带被禁产品入境的游客手中拿走被禁产品，销售被禁产品的商家将被处以最高1000美元的罚款。同时介绍了这项立法的一些情况以及近些年防晒霜对帕劳环境产生的影响。4.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段ThePacificnat

ionofPalauwillsoonbanmanytypesofsunscreeninanefforttoprotectitscoralreefs.（太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。)可知帕劳的新立法是

出于保护环境发出的。故选C。5.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Officialswilltakebannedsunscreensfromvisitorswhocarrythemintothecountry,Businessesthatselltheban

nedproductswillbefinedupto$1,000.（官员将从携带被禁产品入境的游客手中拿走被禁产品，销售被禁产品的商家将被处以最高1000美元的罚款。)可知2020年后，携带禁用防晒霜进入帕劳的游客，他们的防晒霜将被没收。故选B。6.D【解析】

细节理解题。倒数第二段Somemanufacturershavealreadystartedselling―reef-friendly‖sunscreen.（一些制造商已经开始销售―对珊瑚礁无害‖的防晒霜。)可知帕

劳正在出售―对珊瑚礁无害‖的防晒霜。故选D。7.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段ThePacificnationofPalauwillsoonbanmanytypesofsunscreeninanefforttoprote

ctitscoralreefs.（太平洋岛国帕劳将很快禁止使用多种防晒霜，以保护其珊瑚礁。)以及文章主要内容围绕为了保护珊瑚礁，帕劳将禁止使用防晒霜展开。故选C。（2019·北京高三期末)UnderwaterMuseumsManyun

derwatermuseumsaresupportedbycompaniesthatofferguidedtours.Atrainedguideleadsgroupsaroundastrikingunderwaterdisplayofstatuesineachmuseum.Dependin

gonthedepthofthemuseum,visitorsmaybeabletoviewthesculpturesfromtheglassbottomedboatorbyswimmingonthesurface.Otherunderwatermuseum

saredeeperandaremostaccessibletoscubadivers.Underwatermuseumshavemanyfunctions.Oneoftheirmainpurposesistocreateanartifi

cialreefenvironmentwhereseacreaturescanlive.That‘swhysomeofthemuseumsarelocatedinareasthatweredamagedbyhurricanesorareconsideredunderwater―deserts‖.

Thestatuesinthemuseumaredesignedinawaythatencouragesthegrowthofcoralandplantlife.Overtime,thestatuesandplantsattractmor

eandmorefishtothearea.Florida,U.S.AFloridaishometodifferenttypesofunderwatermuseums.Thestate‘snewestunderwa

termuseum,theUnderwaterMuseumofArt,canbefoundoffthecoastofGraytonBeach.ThispartoftheGulfofMexicoisan

underwaterdesert,socreatorshopethattheexhibitwillimprovethemarineecosystem.Cancun,MexicoForyears,Cancunhasbeenapopulartouristdestination.Andoneofth

emajordrawsisthewater.TheMuseoSubacuaticodeArteisanidealplaceforsnorkelersandfirsttimedivers.Theretheycanenjoymorethan500statue

sthathelptomakeupanartificialreef.Thismuseumwascreatedtogivevisitorsanalternativeattractiontothearea‘snatura

lreef,whichhasbeendamaged.CanaryIslands,SpainMuseoAtlantio,offthecoastofLanzarote,hasanimpressivedisplayofmore

than300statues.TheywerecreatedbyJasonDecairesTaylor,aBritishsculptor,whohascontributedtothecreationofseveralunderwatermuseumsincludingtheonesne

arCancunandtheCanaryIslands.TheCancunstatuesfocusonman‘sinteractionwiththemarineworld.Ifyou‘relookingforadifferentmuseumexperience,checko

utonethat‘sunderwater.8.Inunderwatermuseums,visitorscanseethefollowingthingsexcept.A.statuesB.desertsC.r

eefsD.sculptures9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Underwatermuseumscannotbevisitedthroughguidedtours.B

.Underwatermuseumsarealllocatedinareasdamagedbyhurricane.C.Underwatermuseumscanbeviewedallovertheworld.D.Underwatermuseumscanhelpimpr

oveunderwaterenvironments.10.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.over300statuescanbeseenintheUnderwaterMuseumofArtB.na

turalreefhasn‘tbeendamagedinCancunC.thestatuesofCancunandtheCanaryIslandsaremadebythesamesculptorD.plantlifecan‘tgrowinunderwa

termuseums11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Apersonaldiary.B.Atouristguidebook.C.Anofficialreport.D.Ahotelbrochure.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了水下博物馆的功能以及一些世界上水下博物馆的情况。8.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段（水下博物馆有很多功能。他们的主要目的之一是创造一个人工礁石环境，海洋生物可以生存。这就是为什么有些博物馆位于被飓风破坏的地区，或者

被认为是水下的―沙漠‖。博物馆里的雕像在设计上鼓励了珊瑚和植物的生长。随着时间的推移，雕像和植物吸引了越来越多的鱼到这个地区。)可知游客在水下博物馆可以看到礁石和雕像，但是没有提到可以看到真正的沙漠。故选B。9.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句ThispartoftheGulfofMexi

coisanunderwaterdesert,socreatorshopethattheexhibitwillimprovethemarineecosystem.（墨西哥湾的这部分是水下沙漠，所以创作者希望这次展览能改善海洋生态系统。)可知水下博物馆可以帮助改善水下环境。故选D。10.C

【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中TheywerecreatedbyJasonDecairesTaylor,aBritishsculptor,whohascontributedtothecreationofseveralunderwate

rmuseumsincludingtheonesnearCancunandtheCanaryIslands.（它们是由英国雕塑家JasonDecairesTaylor创作的，他为建造几座水下博物馆做出了贡献，其中包括坎昆和加那利群岛附近的博物馆。)可知坎昆和加那利群岛的雕像是由同一位

雕刻家雕刻的。故选C。11.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Manyunderwatermuseumsaresupportedbycompaniesthatofferguidedtours.…byswimmingonthesurface.（许多水下博物馆是由提供导游的公

司资助的。在每个博物馆里，一名训练有素的导游带领着一群人参观引人注目的水下雕塑展览。根据博物馆的深度，游客可以从玻璃底船或在水面上游泳来观赏雕塑。)可推知文章可能来自一本旅游指南。故选B。（2019·湖北高三月考)MetropolisBookClubMembership:Allyou

needtodoisfillouttheorderformatthebottomofthepage,selectyourfirstorderfromourbooklistandthenpostthecomple

tedformbacktous.Specialoffersfornewmembers:Asaspecialoffer,youmaychooseanyreduced-pricebooksfromournewmembers‘booklist,

tothevalueof100yuanintotal.Ticktheboxonyourformtoorderafreewatch.Joinbeforetheendofthismonthandyoureceiveanotherfreeboo

kcarefullychosenbyourstaff.Orderanaudio-bookfromthemanyonoffer,athalftherecommendedretailprice.Whenyou’vejoined:Asame

mberyougetaround50%offthepublisher‘spriceofeverybookyoubuy,andwhat‘smore,theycomestraighttoyourdoor.Yourfreeclubmagazinearrivesonceamonthtokeepyo

uuptodatewiththelatestbest-sellerswe‘veaddedtoourlist.OntheInternet,youcanfindallourtitlesfortheyearatourexclusivemembers‘website.Ourwebsi

tealsohasabookswapservicewherememberscanrequestorofferbooksforexchange.Beingamember:Allyouhavetodoisorderfourbooksduringyourfirs

tyear.Afterthat,youcandecideonthenumberofbooksyouwishtotake.Ineachofyourmonthlyclubmagazines,ourexpe

riencedstaffchoosea―BookoftheMonth‖foryou,whichisofferedatanextra-specialprice.Ifyoudonotwantthisbook,justsaysointhespaceprovidedont

heformandsenditbacktous.Wealwayssendthebookifwedonotreceivethisform.Oncewereceiveyourorder,yourbooksaredeliveredw

ithinoneweek.Andremember,youhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Iftheyaren‘twhatyouexpectedjustsendthemback!1.Howc

anyoubecomeamemberoftheMetropolisBookClub?A.Byorderingawatchfreeofcharge.B.Bysendingtheadvertisementtotheclub.C.Bychoosi

ngbookswithspecialprices.D.Byreturningthecompletedorderform.2.Whatinformationdoesthemonthlymagazinegivem

embers?A.Thepercentagesavedoneachbook.B.Thenamesofallthebookssoldbytheclub.C.Thelistofthenewestbooksavailabletobuy

.D.Thebooksthatcanbeswappedbyclubmembers.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastpartofthepassage?A.Atleastfourbooksshouldbebough

teachyear.B.Memberscanlookatthebooksbeforetheybuythem.C.Membersneedtobuythe―BookoftheMonth‖.D.Themorebooksboug

ht,thehigherthemember‘sgrade.【文章大意】本文主要介绍如何成为都市图书俱乐部的会员，以及成为会员有哪些优势。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段―Membership:Allyouneedtodoisfillouttheord

erformatthebottomofthepage,selectyourfirstorderfromourbooklistandthenpostthecompletedformbacktous.‖你所要做

的就是填写下面的订单，从我们的书单中选择你的第一个订单，然后把填妥的表格寄回给我们。分析内容可知填写订单并寄给他们就可成为会员，分析选项可知D项符合题意。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据Beingamember中

的―Ineachofyourmonthlyclubmagazines,ourexperiencedstaffchoosea―BookoftheMonth‖foryou,whichisofferedatanextra-special

price.‖每一期月刊杂志，有经验的员工会选择一本―当月之书‖（每月刊最好的)给你，它是以特别价格提供的。―BookoftheMonth‖即thenewestbooks。分析选项可知C项符合题意。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最

后一段―Andremember,youhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Iftheyaren‘twhatyouexpectedjustsendthemback!‖你

有两周的时间来决定是否保留你所订购的书。如果他们不是你所期望的，就把他们送回去！分析句意可知，收到书后在两周之内如果觉得不是你想要的书可退回，可知会员可以在买之前看到书的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。（2019·福建三明一中高三月考)Goo

gle‘snewcamera,calledClips,isasmartdevice.Itcomeswithacasethathasaclip(夹子),butit‘snotdesignedtobewornonyourclothing.Mostint

erestingly,itusesartificialintelligencetotakephotographyoutofyourhandsandcapturesmomentsentirelyonitsown!Whatsetsthisroughly2-

inchby2-inchcamera,withathree-hourbatterylifeandGorillaGlassfortoughnessapartisthatitisspeciallyintendedfo

rcandidmoments,likewhenachilddoessomethingcutethatmayhappentooquicklyforyoutopulloutyoursmartphone.TheClips

device,itusesmachinelearningalgorithms(计算程序)tohelpcapturescenes.Thosealgorithmsincludefacerecognition.―Onceitlearnsthatthere‘safaceyouseefrequent

ly,it‘lltrytogetnicephotosofthosefaces,‖saidJustonPayne,thedevice‘sproductmanager.Andtheyalsowantittoreco

gnizefacialexpressions,whichinvolved―trainingittoknowwhathappinesslookslike‖.TheGoogleteamalsotrainedittorecognizewhatnottoshoot

—likewhenachild‘shandisoverthelens,orifitistossedinadarkpurse.Theonlywaytoseetheimagesisbyconnectingthecameraw

ithyourphone,asithasnoscreenforviewingorediting.Concerneditcouldseemstrange?Yes,Payneadmitted,buthesaidtheyaddressedthatbymakingitobviouswhatit

is.Agreenlightonthefrontsignalsthatitison.Besides,unlikeacamerameanttomonitoryourhome,itisnotconnectedtotheInternet.―Thisproductisonlyp

ossiblebecauseofthewaythatsilicon(硅)hasadvanced,‖Paynesaidthatnowtheycouldsqueezethetechnologydownin

toadevicethissize.Goingforward,we‘relikelytogetmoreassistancefromtheartificialintelligencepackedintoourappsandg

adgets.8.WhatisthemostoutstandingfeatureofClips?A.ItenableseasyInternetaccess.B.Itisequippedwithtoughglass.C.Itcanb

ewornonyourclothing.D.Itallowsofhands-freephotography.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword―candid‖inParagraph2mean?A.Awkward.B.Brief.C.Touching

.D.Unforgettable.10.WhatmakesClipsarealityaccordingtoJustonPayne?A.Theadvanceintechnology.B.ThepopularityoftheInternet.C.Thescreenforviewingan

dediting.D.Theriseofthesmartphoneindustry.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Newgadgetsintheageofapps.B.Artificialintelligenceindai

lyLife.C.AnewdigitalcamerafromGoogle.D.Analternativewaytophotograph.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了谷歌公司推出了一款叫Clips

的新相机，并对照相机的各种功能和使用进行了介绍。8.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段Mostinterestingly,itusesartificialintelligencetotakephotographyouto

fyourhandssoitcancapturemomentsonitsown可知，谷歌开发的这款相机使用人工智能来拍照，不需要你动手按键，它就可以帮助你记录美好的精彩瞬间。故选D项。9.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句likewhenachil

ddoessomethingcutethatmayhappentooquicklyforyoutopulloutyoursmartphone.比如孩子做了一些可爱的事情，你可能来不及拿出智能手机。可知，画线句表示：这

款相机能解决手机不能及时抓拍小孩子所做的短暂又可爱的事。candidmoments意为―短暂‖的时刻。故选B项。10.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段―Thisproductisonlypossiblebecause

ofthewaythatsiliconhasadvanced,‖Paynesaid,notingthatitwasonlyinthepastyearorsothattheycouldsqueezethetechnologydownintoadevicethissize.Goingforward,

we‘relikelytogetmoreassistancefromtheartificialintelligencepackedintoourappsandgadgets可知，这款相机依靠先进的科技和人工智能等使得它成为了可能，成为了可以帮助人们记录美好瞬间的工具

。故选A项。11.C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段Google‘snewcamera,calledClips,isasmall,smartdevice.可知，本文主要讲述了谷歌开发的一款新的照相机，并对照相机的各种功能和使用进行了介绍。故选C项。（2019·福建三明一

中高三月考)Theassumptionthatdepressionisadiseasehasbeensupportedbybiologists,psychiatristsandcompaniespro

ducingmedicine.Althoughadvancesinmedicaltreatmenthavecertainlybeenresponsibleforreducingmuchsuffering,stickingtothediseasemodelisp

reventingamorecompleteunderstandingofwhywearesolikelytosufferfromdepression,withatleast45%ofpeopleexperienc

ingtheconditionintheirlifetimes.Myrecentreviewoftheoriesandpersonalobservationssuggeststhatdepressionmigh

tservesomeusefulfunctions.Weshouldnotforgetthatdepressionhasmeaning,andthatthereisarealnewlifeafterrecovery.Arecentstudyofdepressioni

nHollandshowedthatpeopleseemedtocopebetterwithhardshipsinlifeafterdepressionthantheyweredoingbeforeit.Inthegroupa

sawhole,liveliness,psychologicalhealth,socialandspare-timeactivities,performanceatworkandgeneralhealthallsignificantlyimproveduponrecoveryfromdepre

ssion.Depressioncanleadtogreatinsights(洞察力)andachievements.Morethan2,000yearsago,Aristotlebelieveddepressiontobeastateofgreatmoralandspiritualvalueb

ecauseoftheinsightsitcouldbring.ThephilosopherJohnStuartMillwrotehisfamouswork,Utilitarianism,attheageof19andbecamedepressedattheage

of21.Uponrecovery,headmittedthattheexperiencehadtaughthimanimportantlesson---thatheshouldnotsacrifice(牺牲)hissocialandemotionaldevelopmen

ttointellectualambition.Theorieshavesuggestedthatdepressioncouldbeadefenseagainstthelong-timestress.Itispossibletha

tdepressiondefendsusagainstthetendencytoignoreourtrueneedsbychasingunobtainablegoalsandhelpstobringtheseneedsintosharperfocus.Depressionmaybringabout

a―rebirth‖becauseitremovesafalseideaaboutoneself.Thereissomeevidencefromscientificstudiestoshowthatdepressedpeoplearerathermorerealisticintheirthi

nkingthan―healthy‖individuals.Withrecovery,anewkindoftruthcouldbefound,whichwoulddoawaywithblindoptimism:amo

remodestevaluationofthedepressedperson‘sownability,containingamorebalancedpictureofhisorherlife.Depressionmayhaveforcedo

urancestorstolookagainattheirstrengthsandweaknesses,andtheircopingstrategies.Regardlessofthereasonforfallinginto

depression,thejourneyhaspotentialtomakeusbetterequipped,inageneralsense,forlife.12.Whichofthefollowin

gisthedisadvantageoftreatingdepressionasadisease?A.Peopledislikebeingtakenaspatients.B.Themedicaltreatmentcostsalotofmoney.C.Itpreventsusfrombe

tterunderstandingdepression.D.Itstopspeoplefromgettingabalancedpictureoflife.13.Afterrecoveringfromdepression,JohnS

tuartMillrealizedthatheshouldn‘t_________.A.takepartintoomanysocialactivitiesB.aimtoohighinintellectualachievementC.writeUtilitarianismatsu

chanearlyageD.considertoomuchaboutemotionalneeds14.Whatfunctionscandepressionserve?a.Itenablespeopletoperformbetteratworkb.Itmakesiteasi

ertoachievepeople‘sdream.c.Ithelpspeopletogetarealisticviewofselfd.Itimprovespeople‘sabilitytodealwithdifficultiesA.abcB.bcdC.abdD.acd35.Whatcanbe

asuitabletitleforthispassage?A.WaystoAddressDepressionB.BraveAttitudetoDepressionC.Depression:DiseaseorRebirth?D.Depression:Assumption

orReality?【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕着抑郁症的可能起到一些有益的作用展开。告知我们不应该忘记抑郁是有意义的，而且在抑郁症康复后会有一个真正的新生活。12.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段

Althoughadvancesinmedicaltreatmenthavecertainlybeenresponsibleforreducingmuchsuffering,stickingtothedisea

semodelispreventingamorecompleteunderstandingofwhywearesolikelytosufferfromdepression尽管医疗技术的进步确实减少了很多痛苦，但坚持疾病模型使我们无法更全面地理解为什么我们如此容易患上抑

郁症。可知，阻止我们更好地理解抑郁症是将抑郁症作为一种疾病治疗的缺点。故选C项。13.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Uponrecovery,headmittedthattheexperiencehadtaughthimanimportantle

sson---thatheshouldnotsacrifice(牺牲)hissocialandemotionaldevelopmenttointellectualambition.康复后，他承认这次经历给了

他一个重要的教训——他不应该为了追求智力而牺牲自己的社交和情感发展。可知，JohnStuartMill意识到他不应该在智力成就上目标过高。故选B项。14.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段ArecentstudyofdepressioninHollandshowedthatpeoples

eemedtocopebetterwithhardshipsinlifeafterdepressionthantheyweredoingbeforeit.最近在荷兰进行的一项关于抑郁症的研究表明，人们在抑郁症后

似乎比在抑郁症前更好地应对生活中的困难，可知d项―它提高了人们处理困难的能力‖正确；根据第四段Depressioncanleadtogreatinsightsandachievements.抑郁可以带来伟大的洞察力和成就。可知，a项―它使人们在工作中表现得更好

‖正确；根据第六段Depressionmaybringabouta―rebirth‖becauseitremovesafalseideaaboutoneself.抑郁可能带来―重生‖，因为它消除了对自己的错

误认识。可知c项―它帮助人们对自己有一个现实的认识‖正确；故选D项。35.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段Myrecentreviewoftheoriesandpersonalobservationssug

geststhatdepressionmightservesomeusefulfunctions.Weshouldnotforgetthatdepressionhasmeaning,andthatthereisarealnewlifeafterreco

very.我最近对各种理论和个人观察的回顾表明，抑郁症可能起到一些有益的作用。我们不应该忘记抑郁是有意义的，而且在康复后会有一个真正的新生活。以及最后一段Regardlessofthereasonfo

rfallingintodepression,thejourneyhaspotentialtomakeusbetterequipped,inageneralsense,forlife.不管陷入抑郁的原因是什么，总的来说，这段旅程有可能让我们更好地为生活做好准备。可知，文章围绕着抑郁症的好处

来展开，故文章的合适标题应该是―勇敢面对抑郁‖。故选C项。（2019·安徽高三月考)Anyonewhohasstudiedbiology,watchedanaturedocumentary,or,forthatmatter,simplyenjoyedtimeintheoutdoors,has

likelybeenamazedbythevarietyofplantandanimallifeonourplanet.Todate,about1.5millionspecieshavebeenformallydescribedi

nthescientificliterature,mostoftheminsects.Proportionally,bacteriamakeuplessthan1%ofalldescribedspecies.Sci

entistsgenerallyagreethatmanymorespeciesexistthanareformallydescribed，buttheydisagreeabouthowmanytherereallyare.Somestudiesha

veestimated2millionorfewer,whereasotherssuggestasmanyas12million.InanewpaperpublishedinTheQuarterlyReviewofBiolog

y，researchersfromtheUniversityofArizonahaveestimatedthatthereareroughly2billionlivingspeciesonEarth,overathousandtimesmorethanthecurrentnumbe

rofdescribedspecies.Incomingupwiththeirestimate，theresearcherstookadvantageofthefactthatmanyestimatesnowagreeontheprojected

numberofinsectspecies,around6.8million.TheyincorporatednewestimatesofspeciesboundariesrevealedbyDNAsequences,whichsuggesttheremightbesix

timesasmanyinsectspecies，increasingthetotalto40millionforinsectspeciesalone.Theythenreviewedallgroupsoforganism

sassociatedwithinsectsasparasites.Theyfoundthateachinsectspeciesmostlikelyhostsauniquespeciesofmite(螨)，roundworm，aone-celle

dmicrosporidian(微孢子虫),andaone-celledorganismcalledapicomplexan(顶覆虫).Mostimportantly,theresearchersestimatedthateachinsects

peciesislikelytohostatleast10bacterialspeciesfoundnowhereelse.Basedontheseestimates，theyconcludethatthereshouldbearound2billionspeciesonE

arth.36.Howmanybacterialspeciesareformallydescribedinthescientificliterature?A.About1.5billion.B.About1.5million.C.About150thousand.D.About15

thousand.37.Whichofthefollowingdoscientistsgenerallyagreeon?A.Therearemanymorespeciesnotincludedinthesci

entificliterature.B.Thereareabout1.5millioninsectsdescribedinthescientificliterature.C.Thereareabout12millionspeciesexistingbutnotknowntothescien

tists.D.Theretireabout6.8millioninsectspeciesnothostingparasites.38.Whichwordcanbestexplain"hosts"underlinedinthelastparagr

aph?A.Attracts.B.Supports.C.Kills.D.Invites.39.What‘sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Adiscoveryofnewbacterialspecies.B.Differ

enttheoriestoestimatespecies.C.AnewestimateofbiodiversityonEarth.D.Differentopinionsonthenumberofspecies.【文章大意

】这是一篇说明文。科学家们普遍认为，现存的物种比正式描述的要多得多，但他们对实际存在的物种数量却存在分歧。亚利桑那大学的研究人员回顾了所有与昆虫有关的寄生虫有机体，提出地球上应该有大约20亿物种。36.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段Todate,about1.5

millionspecieshavebeenformallydescribedinthescientificliterature,mostoftheminsects.Proportionally,bacteriamakeuplessthan1%ofallde

scribedspecies.可知，正式载入科学文献中的物种大约是150万，细菌占比不超过1%，1500000*1%=15000，所以大约有一万五千种细菌计入科学文献。故选D项。37.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段Scientistsgenerallyagreethatmanymoresp

eciesexistthanareformallydescribed，buttheydisagreeabouthowmanytherereallyare.可知，科学家们一致认为真正存在的物种比计入文献的物种要多。故选A项。38

.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句Theythenreviewedallgroupsoforganismsassociatedwithinsectsasparasites.可知，科学家研究了和昆虫相关联的寄生虫。而本句中host的主语是昆虫，宾语是寄生虫的种类

，由此可以推断host在此处作动词，意为―供养(寄生虫)‖，和B项意思相近。故选B项。39.C【解析】主旨大意题。本文的主体段是尾段，Theythenreviewedallgroupsoforgani

smsassociatedwithinsectsasparasites.提出了预测物种数量的依据，而本段的尾句Basedontheseestimates，theyconcludethatthereshouldbearound2billionspeciesonEart

h.是主体段的主题句，也是整篇文章的主题句。所以短文主要是关于对地球生物多样性的新估计。故选C项。河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三10月质量检测英语试题DanceClassesBalletBalletteachesgrace,posture(姿势)andflexi

bility.Studentsfocusontheuseofproperballetitemsc物品),expandingtheirknowledgeofclassicalballettechniquesandimprovingmo

torskillsforclassicaiballetpractice.Theclassisaformalballetclass.Age8-10September7,2019-May16,202010:30am-12:00amonSaturdayCreati

veMoversStudentscanexplorecreativemovement,balance,focus,thedevelopmentofskills,motorplanningandbalance.Theclas

shelpsbuildstrength,flexibilityandself-confidence,andallowschildrentorealizeexpressioninapositiveande

ncouragingenvironment.Childrenusetheirimaginationtocelebratemovementandhavelotsoffun.Age3-5September

7,2019-January18,20209:00am-9:45amonSaturdayJazzJazzincludesmovementsfrombothclassicalballetanddancetechniques.Thisclasswillfocusontradi

tionaliazzdance.Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylethythmsandmovements.Inordertoensureproperplacementforyourchild,weinviteallst

udentstoparticipateinasample(示例)class.Studentsandparentsworkwithprogramstafftomeetstudents'personaldancegoals.Age5-6September7,2019-May

16,20202:00pm-3:00pmonSaturdayHipHopStudentswillbeintroducedtoseveraldifferentaspectsofhiphopdanceincludingpopp

ing,locking,breakingandtuttinginahigh-energyenvironment.Ourhiphopinstructorsarehighlyknowledgeableandwillbrovid

estudentswithawonderfulviewofhiphopdance.Age7-10September7,2019-May16,20201:00pm-2:00pmonSunday1.Whichclassissuitablefor4-year-oldchildren?A.Ballet.

B.CreativeMovers.C.HipHop.D.Jazz.2.Whatcanstudentsdointhejazzclass?A.Makeuseofalltheballetitems.B.Learnthelong

historyofjazz.C.Dancewithfamousmodernjazzdancers.D.Gettoknowjazz-stylemovements.3.Whatisspecialaboutthehiphopclass'?A.Itisopenintheafternoon.B.I

tisavailableonSunday.C.Itteachestraditionaldances.D.Ithasthemostskilledteachers.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段

的孩子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。1.【解析】细节理解题。根据CreativeMovers巾的Age3-5可知，CreativeMovers这门课适合四岁的孩子。故选B项。2.【解析】细节理解题。根据Jazz

中Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythmsandmovements.可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D项。3.【解析】细节理解题。根据文中提及Ballet(10

:30am-12:00amonSaturday);CreativeMovers(9:00am-9:45amonSaturday);Jazz(2:00pm-3:00pmonSaturday);HipPop(1:00pm

-2:00pmonSunday)可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而HipHop课是在星期天上课，这就是它独特的地方。故选B项。（河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测)NhonLy,a55-year-

oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe―real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopula

rDragonBallZanime(日本动漫)character.Lycertainlydoesn'tlooklikeanyothertypical55-year-oldman.Infact,helooksalotbetterth

anmostguysintheir20s,withhislean(瘦且健康的),strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.Buthe'sabsolutelynottheonly50-somethin

gmanwhohasthestrongmuscleintheworld.WhatreallysetsNhonLyapartfromalltherestishisunbelievablesimilaritytoDragonBallZcharacterMasterRosh

i,alsoknownastheTurtleHermit,inhis"finalform".AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleas@master

_roshi_real_life.AccordingtoMadnessMedia,LyimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1980,attheageof16.Hegotajobasapedicuri

st(修脚师)atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.Althoughhehasachievedsomuch,bodybuildinghasalwaysb

eenhisbiggestlove.Hehascompetedinseveralprofessionalbodybuildingevents,withhismostnotableresultsbeingthe4thpla

ceatthe2011USChampionship,the7thplaceatthe2012edition,andthe5thplaceatthe2015Nationals.Evenat55,NhonLycontinuestotrainhardinthegyminorde

rtokeephisMasterRoshilook.Healsolikestosharephotosandvideoswithhis40,000fans,manyofwhomareDragonBallZfans.Theyroutinelypostalargequantityofcomme

nts,thankinghimfortrainingGoku,whoisthemaincharacterinDragonBallmedia,andaskinghimtotrainthemintheartofbodybuilding.1.Whyis

NhonLycalled"real-lifeMasterRoshi"?A.HelooksextremelysimilartoMasterRoshi.B.HeisquitegoodattrainingpeoplelikeGok

u.C.HehasthesamelifestoriesasMasterRoshi.D.HeholdsaspecialattitudetoDragonBallZ.1.HowdoesNhonLyfeelabouthis"newname"?A.Hefindsittypicalyetsilly.B.H

ethinksitcanbepopular.C.Heisfondofitverymuch.D.Heconsidersitembarrassing.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNhonLy?A.C

onfidentandwealthy.B.Creativeandambitious.C.Athleticandhardworking.D.Healthyandgenerous.1.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SuccessComesFromContin

uousEffortsandDreamsB.GreatAchievementsofanOldbutStillPositiveAthleteC.UnbelievableLifeExperiencesofanAnimeCharacterD.A55-year-oldManIsKnownforLook

ingLikeMasterRoshi【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予―现实生活版的龟仙人‖的称号。他看起来比20多岁的小伙

子还要年轻健美，这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe―rea

l-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZanime(日本动漫)character.（55岁的NhonLy是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员，来自加利福尼亚。他被授予―现实

生活中的Roshi大师‖称号，因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。)可知，尼汉·莱被授予―现实生活版的龟仙人‖的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。故选A项。1.C【解析】推理判断题。

根据第二段―AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleasCcOmaster_roshi_real_life.‖（他显然非常喜欢这种比较，甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为―roshi_

real_life‖。)可推断，尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的―新名字‖。故选C项。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段―Infact.helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s.withhislean，strong

musclesandyouthfulattitude.（―事实上。他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多，肌肉结实，有年轻的态度。‖)第三段Hegotajobasapedicurist(修脚师)atanailsalon,andwo

rkedhiswayuptosalonowner.（他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作，并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板。)及第四段―Evenat55,NhonI_vcontinuestotrainhardinthegyminordertokeephisMasterRoshilook.（即使在55岁

的时候，NhonI_v仍然在健身房刻苦训练，以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。)‖可推断，尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。故选C项。4.D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予―现实生活版的龟仙人‖的称号。故选D项

。（河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测)Itseemswe'realwaysbeingtoldtogetmoresleep.Studiessuggestspendinglesstimeonsleepcanleadtoob

esity(肥胖)andevencancer.Youmightevenfindyourselfwithaheadfulloffalsememories.Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbe

causefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.InanAugust2018study,publishedintheJournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,researcher

sresearchedthesleeppatternsofthose―fortunate‖fewandfoundtheymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact,theyfoundpeoplewhogetmo

rethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthriskcomparedtothosewhosleeptogetherlessthansevenhours.What'smore,sleep-aholics-thosewhomanagetoget10hoursan

ight-standa30percenthigherchanceofdyingcomparedtotheseven-hourcrowd.Thewide-rangingglobalstudyinvolved(涉及)morethanthree

millionpeoplewhoself-reportedontheirsleephabitsandcametoaneye-openingconclusion:Ifyoutendtosleepalot,youmaywanttobuyanalarmcloc

k.Aswithallthingsinlife,sleepisbesttakeninmoderation（适度).Youmaybethinking:WhatifIonlysleepinonSaturdayandSunday,amIstillatrisk?Theansw

erisyes,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinCurrentBiology.Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursontheweekendsbutstillsleep

slessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrolsthele

velofsugarinblood.Forthestudy,36participantsweredividedintothreegroupsthateachhadadifferentsleepschedule:ninehourseveryni

ght,fivehourseverynight,andfivehoursfromMondaytoFridayandsleepingmuchonweekends.Peoplewhogettoomuchslee

ptendtofeeltiredandlackenergy.Also,bothsleep-deprived（睡眠不足的)groupsconsumemorefoodandgainweight.8.Whyistheharmfuleffectofsleepingtoomuc

hseldomstudied?A.Fewpeoplehavetimetosleeptoomuch.B.Lackofsleepcausesmuchmoreharm.C.Itturnsouttobeahealthysleeppattern.D.People'shealth

hasnothingtodowithit.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"those'fortunate'few"inparagraph2referto?A.Thoseleadingarelaxinglife.B.

Thosegettingtoomuchsleep.C.Thosewithlesstimetosleep.D.Thosewithnosleepproblems.10.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe2019study?A.Sleepingm

uchisparticularlybeneficialtohungrypeople.B.Manypeoplesleepmoreonweekendsthanonweekdays.C.Analarmclockofhighqualityisimportantforgoodsle

ep.D.Peoplewhosleepmuchonlyonweekendsalsohavehealthrisk.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Itisnecessarytosaveenoughtimeforsleep

.B.Toomuchsleepcanresultingainingweight.C.Sleepingtoomuchdoesharmtopeople'shealth.D.Peoplecanavoidsleepingmuchbyeatinghealthily.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。我们似乎总是被告知要多睡觉，但是睡眠过多对身体也是有害的。8.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的第4句和第5句：Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.That'sbecausefewofu

sintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.可知，在如今忙碌的社会很少有人会有时间睡太多，所以睡眠过多对人体的危害很少被研究。故选A项。9.B词义猜测题。在句中的th

at/those一般指代前文提及内容，根据本句所在位置，可定位至第一段―That'sbecausefewofusintoday'sbusyworldhavetheluckofexploringthatoption.（这是因为在当今这个繁忙的世界上，很少有人有机会探索这种选择。

‖及第二段提及的―…theymaynotbesoluckyafterall.Infact，theyfoundpeoplewhogetmorethaneighthoursofsleephavegreaterhealthrisk（他们可能根本就没有那么幸运。事实上，他们发现睡眠超

过8小时的人有更大的健康风险)‖可推断，划线部分指代―睡眠时间太长的人‖。故选B项。10.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Researchersdiscoveredthatevenifapersonsleepsmorethansevenhoursonthewe

ekendsbutstillsleepslessthanthatonweeknights,theyareatriskofgainingweightanddevelopingsensitivitytoinsulin,whichcontrols

thelevelofsugarinblood.（研究人员发现，即使一个人在周末的睡眠时间超过7个小时，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠时间少，他们也有体重增加和对控制血糖水平的胰岛素敏感的风险。)可知，只有周末睡得多的人也会面临健康风险。故选D项。11.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章结构为

总分结构，第一段总起提出话题：Butrarelydoesscienceexplorethedarksideofsleepingtoomuch.可知文章主要介绍了睡眠过多会对身体造成一定程度的伤害。故选C项。（河南

省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三质量检测)Asocietythatlivesbytheplasticforkmayverywelldiefromit.That'showthingsarelooking.Anyway,foraworldsousedtodisposable（一次性的)

habits,anyhopeforasolution(解决方案)alsoincreasinglyseemstobeburied.Sure,therehavebeensomehopefulideas.BoyanSlat

,theDutchinventordevelopedaplanforCoveringtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Notlongafteritstarted,Slat'ssystemexperienced"materialfatigue(疲劳)"-likelythe

resultofbeingstrained(使受到压力)byallthattrash-andthetaskwasdelayed.AlIthewhile,theplasticincreases.Itsgrowthisver

yfast,accordingtoLindaWang,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatPurdueUniversity.Shesays,"We'IIhavemoreplasticthanfishby2050."Y

etWang,alongwithotherresearchersatPurdue,mayhaveasolutionnotonlytothisplasticproblem,butalsotothegrowingneedforcleanenergy.Herteamhas

developedasystemthatturnswaste,adurable,lightweightmaterialthataccountsforaboutaquarterofallplasticwaste,i

ntoahighlypureformofgasoline.PublishingtheirfindingsinthejournalSustainableChemistryandEngineering,thescien

tistsstatethatinsteadofmakingplasticgoaway,theycanbreakitdownandreuseit,usingchemistrytodestroywhatchemistry

broughttotheworldwhenplasticwasdevelopedbackin1907.Theprocessuses"supercritical"water-heatedtoaround450degreescelsius(842degreesFahrenheit

),beyondthekeypointatwhichdistinctliquidandvaporphases(气液态)exist-toboilplasticwasteintoanoil,theresearchersexplain.It

takesacoupleofhoursforthesupercriticalwatertocompletethetransformation,buttheresultisakindofoilthatcanbeusedasgasolineorfuel.Itcanalsobeturnedintooth

erproducts.Theresearchershaveonlymadethetransformationinalaboratorysettingsofar,buttheysuggestturningtheprocesstoacommercialscal

e（规模)maynotbefaroff.Andconsideringthe300milliontonsofplasticintotheenvironmenteveryyear,thatdaycan'tcomesoonenough.Butitwillco

meintime.12.Whyistheplasticforkmentionedinparagraphl?A.Toindicatethehopelessfutureofhumanlife.B.Tofigureoutthesolutiontoreduci

ngplastics.C.Toshowtheseriousnessoftheplasticproblem.D.Totellpeopletogiveupanunhealthylifestyle.13.Whatcanwe

knowaboutSlat'ssystem?A.ItprovesharmfultothePacific.B.Ithasbeenabandonedcompletely.C.Ithasreceivedmanypeople'sopposition.D.Itmetwithd

ifficultywhilebeingcarriedout.14.WhatistheadvantageofWang'ssystem?A.Itcansavefishintheocean.B.Itcanrecyclean

dreuseplastic.C.Itcansurelylowerthepricesofgasandfuel.D.Itcanmakeplasticproductsmoreaffordable.15.Whatistheauthor'sa

ttitudetowardsWang'ssystem?A.Hopeful.B.Disapproving.C.Cautious.D.Uncertain.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。社会习惯了塑料制品，但是这对环境和人类是有害的。为了解

决望料问题，很多人提出了解决方案，本文主要介绍了LindaWang的新系统，它可以回收利用塑料。12.C【解析】推理判断题。根据后文解释：That'showthingsarelooking.Anyway,foraworldsousedtodisposablehabits,anyhopeforas

olutionalsoincreasinglyseemstobeburied.可知，人们习惯了使用像塑料叉子之类的塑料制品，以至于找到解决塑料问题的解决方案的机会很渺茫。由此可推断，文章提到塑料叉子是为了表明塑

料问题的严重性。故选C项。13.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段―Notlongafteritstarted，Slat'ssystemexperienced'materialfatiguelikelytheresultofbeingstrainedbyallthattra

sh.‖(在启动后不久，Slat的系统就经历了―材料疲劳‖，这可能是所有垃圾造成的。)可推断，Slat的系统在实施的过程中遇到了困难。故选D项。14.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第3，4句：YetWang,alongwithotherresearchersatPurdue,mayhav

easolutionnotonlytothisplasticproblem,butalsotothegrowingneedforcleanenergy.Herteamhasdevelopedasystemthatturnswaste,adurable,

lightweightmaterialthataccountsforaboutaquarterofallplasticwaste,intoahighlypureformofgasoline.（然而，王和普渡大学的其他研究人员可能不仅解决了这个塑料问题，而且解决了对清洁能源日益增长的需求

。她的团队已经开发出一种系统，可以将废物(一种耐用、重量轻的材料，约占所有塑料废物的四分之一)转化为高纯度的汽油。)可知，Wang的系统可以回收利用塑料。故选B项。15.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段―…thatdaycan'tcomesoonenough.Butit

willcomeintime.‖（那一天来得越早越好。但它迟早会到来。)可推断，作者对Wang的系统满怀希望。故选A项。四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考Ifyoufollowtheseinsiderti

ps，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.VaticanMuseums:Vatica

nCityTheVaticandrawsmorethanfivemillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHuds

on，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpedia，recommends，choosingaskip-the-1inetour.―Thisnotonlyletsyouavoidtheticketcounter，butalsoi

ncludestheuseofaprivatepartnerentrance.‖ExtratimetovisittheSistineChapel?Yes!BambooForest:Kyoto，JapanBambooForestisthemostworthysightinKy

oto.Ifyou‘relongingtoenjoythepathwaysandtakepicturesintotalquietness，KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamous

BambooGrovePathasearlyinthemorningaspossible—think7a.m.ifyou‘reupforit.Don‘tmissthesehiddentreasuresyoucanonlywi

tnessinJapan.ChichenItza:Yucatán，MexicoHometoE1CastilloandtheTempleoftheWarriors，ChichenItzaisamust-see.W

anttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthattakesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.Ledbyanarchaeologistguide，i

t‘sfulloffascinatinginsightsandfacts—withouttonsofpack-wearingtourists.LouvreMuseum:Paris，FranceTheLouvreisoneofthemostpopularmuseum

sontheplanet.Ifwaitingaroundinlinetogetinisn‘tthewayyouprefertospendyourtimeinParis，considerpurchasingareservedticket.This

willgiveyouentrytothepyramidwithinahalf-hourwindow.TheLouvreisalsoopenuntil9:45p.m.onWednesdaysandFridays，ifyou‘reup

forsomelate-nightartvisits.16.WhatisrecommendedatVaticanMuseumsbyChristieHudson?A.Queuingfourhours.B.Jumpi

ngthewaitingline.C.Takingaskip-the-linetour.D.VisitingtheSistineChapel.17.Whichofthefollowingareavailableforearlytouriststoavoidtherush?

A.VaticanMuseumsandBambooForest.B.ChichenItzaandBambooForest.C.BambooForestandLouvreMuseum.D.ChichenItzaandLouvreMuseum.18.Whomightthispassagebeinte

ndedfor?A.Visitorsinterestedinmuseums.B.Guidesatthetouristattractions.C.Peopleattheticketcounter.D.Touriststobeattherush.【答案】16.C17.B18.D【文章大意】本文是一

则广告。文章介绍四个旅游景点，提供给―赶在高峰之前到达的游客‖。16.【解析】细节理解题。根据VaticanMuseums:VaticanCity中TheVaticandrawsmorethanfiv

emillionpeopleeachyear，andqueuescanreachfourhoursduringpeakseason.ChristieHudson，seniorcommunicationsmanageratExpe

dia，recommends，choosingaskip-the-1inetour.可知，ChristieHudson在VaticanMuseums中推荐akingaskip-the-linetour.故答案为C。17.【解析

】推理判断题。根据BambooForest:Kyoto，Japan中---KyotoArashiyamaTravelGuiderecommendshittingthefamousBambooGrovePa

thasearlyinthemorningaspossible和ChichenItza:Yucatán，Mexico中Wanttobeattherush?Scheduleanearlytourthatta

kesplacebeforeasiteopenstothepublic.可知，为避免高峰ChichenItza和BambooForest是为早期游客提供的。故选B。18.【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段Ifyoufollowtheseinsidertips

，yourphotoswilllooklikeyouhadtheplacetoyourselfatthepopulartouristattractions.可知，这篇文章可能是写给―为赶在高峰之前到达的游客‖

。故选D。（四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考)AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDEBRIShassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy(仿真的)satellite,imitatingatechniqu

ethatcouldonedaycollectspacebornegarbage.Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnolo

gy,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolvingwhathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.Millionsofpieceso

fjunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfewregulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashing

withasatellitecancausecriticaldamage.Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-E

arthorbit,alreadythemostcrowdedarea.TheRemoveDEBRISexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheU.K.‘sSurre

ySpaceCenterandincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliteTechnologyLtd.andFrance‘sArianeGroup.GuglielmoAglietti,thedirecto

rofSurreySpaceCenter,saidthatanoperationalversionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsate

llitesothedebriscanbedraggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.TheRemoveDEBRISsatelli

tewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtestingnavigationfeaturesthatcouldhelpguidethesatellitetoaspecificpi

eceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,anastrophysicistattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek‘sexperime

ntwasexciting,buthecautionedagainst―over-publicizing‖it.Therearestillenormousbarrierstoclearbeforeoperationalcleanuptasksareunderwa

y,hesaid,andthemostdiscouragingisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDEB

RISproject,said―Thechallengewilllieinpersuadingtherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks.‖AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewc

leanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.19.WhatistheuseoftheRemoveDEBRISsatellite

?A.Demonstratingspacetechnology.B.Imitatingadevelopingtechnique.C.Collectingwastesexistinginspace.D.Symbolizinggreatprogress

inspace.20.HowdoestheRemoveDEBRlSsatellitework?A.Bythrowinganettotakethejunkfromorbit.B.Byfasteningittot

hemainsatellitetightly.C.Bydraggingsatellitesupto10meterslong.D.Bytargetinglargepiecesofjunkcarefully.21.Whatdoes

theunderlinedword―sponsor‖inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Accomplish.B.Support.C.Oppose.D.Provide.22.What‘sthebe

sttitleforthetext?A.TheRemoveDEBRISProjectIsPerfectB.HowRemoveDEBRISIsInventedintheLabC.WhytheRemoveDEBRISSatelliteIs

InventedD.SatelliteCollectsSpaceJunkfortheFirstTime【来源】四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考英语试题【答案】19.C20.A21.B

22.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是―卫星首次收集太空垃圾。‖一种名为―清除碎片‖的实验清理设备成功地在一颗虚拟卫星周围撒网，模仿一种有朝一日可能收集太空垃圾的技术。19.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中imitatingatechniquethatcouldon

edaycollectspacebornegarbage.―模仿一种有一天可以收集太空垃圾的技术。‖可知，theRemoveDEBRIS卫星的用途是收集太空中存在的废物。故选C。20.【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段中saidthatanoperationalv

ersionoftheRemoveDEBRlStechnologywouldcastanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbed

raggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto10meterslong.―该公司表示，一种操作性版本的R

emoveDEBRlS技术将会在主卫星上撒网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。它可以瞄准大块的垃圾，包括长达10米的报废卫星。‖可知，RemoveDEBRlS卫星是通过撒网把垃圾带离轨道。故选A。21.词义猜测题。根据最后一

段中AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDEBRISwillconductafewcleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofjunkinthemostcrowdedorbits.―Agl

ietti说，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能进行几次，目标是最拥挤轨道上最大的垃圾碎片。‖由此推知，―挑战在于说服有关当局赞助这些任务。‖可知，划线词的意思是―支持‖。故选B。22.【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisw

eek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspacecleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsymbolizesanearlysteptowardsolving

whathasalreadybeenacriticalissue:junkinspace.―专家告诉CNN，本周进行的这次测试被广泛认为是太空清洁技术的首次成功演示。它象征着解决太空垃圾这一关键问题的第一步。‖可知，本文主题是―卫星首次收集太空垃圾‖。故选D。四川省遂宁市2019-2

020学年高三上学期第三次联考IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook，theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdec

adesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens，whocollaboratedwithindustry，government，andenvironm

entgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthf

ightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo‘Sbiggestattractions.Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneofthewor

stsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughtther

ewerenoteatable.Thewaterway‘sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyevening

hewasthekindofguywho‘dchasedowndumpers(垃圾车)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederatio

n‘s―WaterConservationistoftheYear‖award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:―Mr.BuffaloRiver.‖Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasst

illdeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver‘sprotectoror

ganization，BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989，afterorgan

izingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver‘s$100millionrestoration.Sofar，theB

uffaloRiver‘swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms

.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell；fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit‘sgone.1.WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?A.A

waterwayontheyearbook.B.Ariverheavilypolluted.C.AgreatattractionofBuffalo‘s.D.Aplaceworthfightingfor.2.WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed―Mr.Buff

aloRiver‖?A.Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.B.BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.C.Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.D.Becausetherive

rwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.3.Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?A.Morethanhalfacentury.B.Justfourde

cades.C.About30years.D.Only27years.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiverB.Stanle

ySpisiak:The―Mr.BuffaloRiver‖C.ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiverD.Riverprotection:Alongwaytogo【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的

是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombein

gconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.第二段中Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRi

verhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.可知，theBuffaloRiver过去是一条被严重污染的河。故选B。2.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中StanleyS

pisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho‘dchasedowndumpers(垃圾车)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwin

ningtheNationalWildlifeFederation‘s―WaterConservationistoftheYear‖award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:―Mr.B

uffaloRiver.‖可知，Mr.Spisiak被称为―Mr.BuffaloRiver‖是因为他不遗余力地保护这条河。故选C。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中Ittookdecadesforpu

blicperceptionoftherivertoshift.―公众对这条河的看法改变花了几十年的时间‖第二段第一句Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsour

cesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.―到了20世纪60年代，这条河被认为是五大湖最严重的污染源之一。‖和最后一段第一句Sofar，theBuffaloRiver‘swaterqualityhasrestored，―到目前为止，布法罗河的水质已经恢复‖

可知，这条河花了多半个世纪才恢复。故选A。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。第一段和第二段说明了theBuffaloRiver严重受污染的情况，第三、四段介绍了为改变污染状况所做的努力，最后一段Sofar，theBuf

faloRiver‘swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontin

uesaswell；fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit‘sgone.是其现状。综上可知，本文讲述的是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。故答案为A。DemandfortheChineset

echcompany＇sdevices(设备)isredhoteventhoughthecountry‘soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalq

uarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovenment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.―ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthep

atriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers，saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkitHepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyH

uaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberatt

herequestoftheUnitedStates.Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriesto

shutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues(追究)criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggests

martphonemakerbynextyear.Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple(AAPL),accordingt

odatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemark

et,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics(地缘政治).Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship，high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras，cuttingedgetechnologyand

costlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotarge

tabiggermarket.ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE(ZTCOF),arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommun

icationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.27.WhydidHuawei'sChinasal

esincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?A.Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.B.BecauseChin

eseconsumers'patriotismwasarousedC.BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.D.Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartpho

nesisgettingbigger.28.Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?A.Huawei‘schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanada

duetotheUS'srequest.B.AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.C.JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawe

i'schieffinancialofficer.D.JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.29.Howdoyouunderstandt

heunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?A.increasedgreatlyby.B.reducedgreatlyto.C.droppedgreatlyby.D.remainedsteady.30.WhyisHuawei's

successinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?A.BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.B.BecauseHuawei'ssucce

ssisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.C.BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.D.BecauseChi

neseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.【来源】2020届安徽省皖江名校联盟高三第一次联考试题（8月)英语【答案】27.B28.A29.C30.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。分析介绍了华为公司在手机市场日

益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。27.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段内容"ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism(爱国主义)inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。

故选B项。28.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestofth

eUnitedStates.可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。故选A项。29.词义猜测题。根据前文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处―plunged‖意为销量下降。故选C项。30.【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容C

hineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatest

iPhones,accordingtoanalysts.可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。故选D项。OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentose

parateandmeetagainforlunch.WeshouldhavearrivedatLiverpoolat9:19,butduetoatypicalLondonfog,thetrainhadtomovealongs

oslowlythatitwasnotuntil10:30thatitgotthere.Inspiteofourlatearrival,Joan,mywife‘ssister,decidedthatshewouldgotoseetheCrownJewels

intheTowerofLondonwhilewewentshopping.Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn‘tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetfo

rlunch.SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem.ThereseemedtobenothingwecoulddoexcepttakingataxitotheTowerofLondon,an

dtrytofindherthere.Needlesstosay,wedidn‘tfindher.Itwasnowoneo‘clock,andtheconcertbeganat2:30.―Perhapsshewillthinkofwa

itingoutsidetheconcerthall,‖suggestedmywifehopefully.Bythistimethefogwassothickthatroadtraffichadtos

top,andtheonlywaytogettherewasbyundergroundrailway.Handinhandwefeltourwayalongtheroadtowherewethoughttheneareststationshouldbe.Anho

urlaterwewerestilltryingtofindit.JustasIwasabouttolosemytempercompletelywhenwemetablindmantappinghiswayconfidentlythroughthefog.Withhish

elpwefoundTowerHilltubestationjustfiftyyardsdowntheroad.Bynowitwasfartoolateeventotrytogettotheconcerthallbef

oretheperformancebeganat2:30,sowedecidedtoreturntoCambridge.Ittooksevenlonghoursinsteadoftheusualtwotomakethatjourney.Norwer

eweabletogetanyfoodanddrinkonthetrain.Tiredandhungrywefinallyreachedhomeatten,openingthedoortothesoundofthetelephonebell.ItwasJoan;she

hadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelw

hereshedecidedtostayforthenight.Nowshewasringingtodiscoverwhetherwehadhadanequallysuccessfulday.31.WhywasJoanseparated

fromhersisterandherbrother-in-law?A.theycouldnotseeeachotherbecauseofthefog.B.JoanhadnotseenCrownJewels.C.Theyplannedtododifferentthin

gsuntillunchtime.D.Thewriterdidn‘twanttogototheconcert.32.Whatdidthewriterplantodointheafternoon?A.Gototheconcert.B.Se

etheCrownJewels.C.ReturntoCambridge.D.Goshopping.33.Thereasonwhytheydidn‘tallmeetforlunchwasthat_______.A

.TheylosttheirwayinthefogB.theyforgottomakenecessaryarrangementC.theywaitedatdifferentplacesanddidn‘tmeeteachothe

rD.thecouplecouldn‘tfindtheundergroundstation34.It‘squiteclearthatforJoanthetriptoLondonhadbeen________.A.spiltbyth

efogB.quitetiringC.ratherdisappointingD.veryenjoyable31.C32.A33.B34.D【文章大意】本文介绍了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。31.根据第一段中O

urplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch一句可知，他们分开的原因在

于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选项C正确。32.根据第一段SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedapr

oblem一句，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故答案选A。33.根据第一段中Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwe

hadn‘tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.一句可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。答案B正确。34.根据最后一段ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels

,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight的描述可知Joan玩得很

尽兴。故答案D正确。四川省天府名校2019-2020学年高三9月联合质量测评Movingflighttimesfromnighttodaycouldreduceairtravel'scontributi

onstoglobalwarming,anewstudysuggests.Schedulingmore(laytimeflightsmayreducetheinfluenceofcontrails——t

hevisiblelinesofwhitesteamthatmanyplanesleavebehindtheminthesky.Theroleofcontrailsinclimatechangeisstillbeingst

udied,butsomescientistsbelievetheycontributetothegreenhouseeffectbytrappingheatintheatmosphere.Nicola

Stuber,firstauthorofthestudy,suggeststhatcontrails'overallimpactonclimatechangeisalmostasbigasthatofairc

raft?scarbondioxideemissions(排放)overahundred-yearperiod.Aircraftarebelievedtoberesponsiblefor2-3%ofhumancarbondioxideemissions.Likeothe

rhigh,thinclouds,contrailsreflectsunlightbackintospaceandcooltheplanet.However,theyalsotrapenergyintheatmosphereandi

ncreasethewarmingeffect.Stuberandotherscientistsbelievethattheeffectofthecontrailsisbig."Onaverage,thegreen-houseeffectcont

rolstheeffectsofcontrails,saidStuber,ameteorologistatEngland'sUniversityofReading."Thewarmingeffectisfargreaterforcontrailsleftbynightflights

,"Stuberadded."Thecoolingeffectonlyhappens(luringthedaywhenthesunisup.Duringthenightthegreenhousewarmingis

nolongerbalancedandthatiswhythecontributionofnight-flightissolarge."Mostcommercialairlinetrafficoccursduringdayli

ghthours.Forexample,onlyoneinfourUnitedKingdomflightsisanightflight,butthoseflightscreatesome60%ofthewarmingcreatedby

contrails,thestudyreports.1.Howdocontrailsincreasethegreenhouseeffect?A.Theygiveoffheat.B.Theyabsorbdaylight.C.Theytrapheatintheatmosphere.D.Th

eyreflectsunlightbackintospace.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph3referto?A.carbondioxideemissionsB.contrailsC.flightsD.thinclouds3.Whatd

idStuberexplainaboutthecontrailsinParagraph4?A.Whattheirfunctionis.B.HowtheycooltheEarth.C.Whytheycreatebigwarmingatnight.D.Howbigtheireffectis

.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AirlinesShouldScheduleFlightsB.NightFlightsFaceaNewChallengeC.AirplaneContributesMosttoGlobalW

armingD.MoreDayFlightsMayReduceGlobalWarming【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，并阐述了其原因。1

.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段….theycontributetothegreenhouseeffectbytrappingheatintheatmosphere.（它们通过吸收大气中的热量而加剧温室效应。)可知，飞机凝迹是通过它们在大气中吸收热量来增加温室效应的，故选C。2.B

【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句介绍了飞机凝迹的两大作用：一是将阳光反射回太空、使地球降温，二是将能量困在大气层、加剧温室效应，再根据they所在的句子However,theyalsotrapenergyintheatmosphereandi

ncreasethewarmingeffect.（然而，它们也会在大气中捕获能量，并增加温室效应。)可知they指代的是―飞机凝迹‖，故选B。3.C【解析】推理判断题。通读第四段内容可知，飞机凝迹受温室效应的控制，降温效果只发生在太阳升起的白天，

夜间的温室效应不再平衡，这就是夜间飞行留下的尾迹变暖效应要大得多的原因，Stuber是通过解释为什么它们会在晚上产生很大热量的原因来解释飞机凝迹的，故选C.4.D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的第一句Movingflighttimesfromnight

todaycouldreduceairtravel'scontributionstoglobalwarming（将飞行时间从晚上改为白天可能会减少空中旅行对全球变暖的影响。)本文主要内容是：将飞机飞行时间从晚上改到白天，即安排更多的日间航班可能会减少航空旅行对全球变暖的影响，故D项（更多的日间航

班可能会减少全球变暖)能概括本文主题，故选D。（河南省新乡市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考)TripleOlympicandworldsprint（短跑)championUsainBolto

fJamaicasaidonMondayheexpectsyearsoffastfeatstoeasedopingdoubtsinathleticsandhasnoplanstoplayAmericanfootball.Appearingon

ESPNprogramsandinlight-heartedracesoutsidethetelevisionsportnetwork'sstudios,Boltsaidhefeelshemustprovehimselftoaskepticalsportsworldinthe

wakeofpastdopingscandals（诽谤)."Ihavetoprovemyselftotheworldthatyoucanrunfastwithoutit,"Boltsaid.BoltcitedthespeedsheandcountrymanAsafaPowellandAmeric

anTysonGayhaveachievedwithoutpositivedopingtests."Wejust（haveto)continuetorunfast,"Boltsaid."Inacoupleofyearseveryonewillcontinuetowatchagain

andhavelessdoubts."Boltwongoldinthe100m,200and4x100relayinworldrecordtimesatlastyear'sBeijingOlympicsandlastmonthinBerlinsetwo

rldrecordsof9.58secondsinthe100and19.19inthe200andhelpedarelaytitleinaWorldChampionshipstreble."Iwanttobealegendinthesport.Formeit'sallafocuso

nwinningchampionshipsafterchampionships,"Boltsaid."Idon'tconsidermyselfalegend.WhenIdefendmytitlesIwillconsidermyselfalegend."Bolt'sdef

endingofWorldandOlympicgoldshouldbethefeatureattractionofthe2011IAAFWorldChampionshipsinDaegu,SouthKo

rea,andthe2012LondonOlympics.1.WhydoesUsainBoltsaythathehasnoplanstoplayAmericanfootball?A.Becausehewantstoeasedo

pingdoubtsinathletics.B.Becausehewantstoshowhisfastfeats.C.Becauseheisdoubtedbysomepeople.D.Becauseherunsfastestintheworld.2.HowmanytimesdidUsai

nBoltbreaktheworldrecords?A.threetimes.B.fourtimes.C.fivetimes.D.eighttimes.3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.UsainBoltpl

ansyearsoffastfeatstoeasedopingdoubts.B.UsainBoltisdoubtedforhisathletics.C.UsainBoltsetworldrecordsagaininBerlinlastmonth.D.UsainBoltwantst

oalegendinthesport.4.Thepassagecanberead___________.A.onTVB.ontheInternetC.inabookD.inanewspaper.【文章大意】本文是新闻报道。本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain

Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。1.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的TripleOlympicandworldsprint（短跑)championUsainBoltofJamaic

asaidonMondayheexpectsyearsoffastfeatstoeasedopingdoubtsinathleticsandhasnoplanstoplayAmericanfootball.（本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博

尔特(UsainBolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划)可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选A。2.C【解析】细

节理解题。根据第六段中的Boltwongoldinthe100m,200and4x100relayinworldrecordtimesatlastyear'sBeijingOlympicsandlastmonthinBerlinsetworldre

cordsof9.58secondsinthe100and19.19inthe200andhelpedarelaytitleinaWorldChampionshipstreble.（在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100

接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100米9.58秒和200米19.19秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王)可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。故选C。3.B【解析】

主旨大意题。根据第二段中的AppearingonESPNprogramsandinlight-heartedracesoutsidethetelevisionsportnetwork'sstudios,Boltsaidhefeelshemustprovehimselftoas

kepticalsportsworldinthewakeofpastdopingscandals（诽谤).（博尔特出现在ESPN的节目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己)及后文博尔特所说的话可知，文章主要

介绍了尤塞恩·博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选B。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的TripleOlympicandworldsprint（短跑)championUsainBoltofJamaicasaidonMondayh

eexpectsyearsoffastfeatstoeasedopingdoubtsinathleticsandhasnoplanstoplayAmericanfootball.（本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔

特(UsainBolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划)可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选D。（四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考)Ifyouwea

rglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplaye

dhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thest

udyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelli

gent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.Itisimportanttoremember

theseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoe

snotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit‘sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanb

edifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoud

onotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircase

s.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbroke

thelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren‘tfoundguilty.GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasa

boutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theyw

anttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmar

tandhip(时髦的).However,thathasn‘tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisju

stonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.1.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?A.Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.B.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.C.Wearingglassesc

anmakepeoplecleverer.D.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Co

nsequence.3.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?A.Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.B.Becauseitcanmisleadthew

itnesses.C.Becauseitcanhighlightclients‘qualities.D.Becauseitcanprovetheclients‘innocence.4.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglasse

sforfashion?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.MixedD.Indifferent.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。1.D【解析】细节

理解题。根据第二段中的―Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10

peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.‖可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼

镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。2.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的―Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneof

thosethingscausedtheother.‖可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为

相关性，由此可知画线词词义为―相关联、联系‖，故B项正确。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的―Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesaresee

nassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappe

arance.‖可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的―Peop

lewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.‖可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为

了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。（河北省承德第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月月考)Thi

rteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mile

raceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedRe

searchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,jus

tprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestarti

ngarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffi

nentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anotherm

anagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The―winner,‖iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwh

eelscaughtonfire.―Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,‖saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacomp

anycalledSci-Autonics.―Evenants(蚂蚁)candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It‘sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.‖Therobo

ticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfasteno

ughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherfa

ce,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere‘sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmon

thsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.1.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.A.theydidnothaveanyhumanguidanceB.ther

oadwasnotfamiliartothedriversC.thedistancewastoolongforthevehiclesD.theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers2.DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____

.A.raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclesB.pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustryC.trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertD.improvethevehiclesf

orfuturewars3.Fromthepassageweknow―roboticvehicles‖areakindofmachinesthat_____.A.candoeffortlesslywhate

vertaskslivingthingcanB.cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitC.canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemse

lvesupsidedownD.canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings4.Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo____

__.A.foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesB.foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachth

ecookieonthetableC.foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofw

ipingapplejuiceoffitsface【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，介绍这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。1.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Teamsandwatchersknewtheremi

ghtbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart－drivers.―车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。‖可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选A。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根

据第二段中DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehicle

sforfuturebattlefields.―美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。‖可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。

3.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句―ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwit

houthumanguidance.‖―但这项被称为―大挑战‖的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。‖可以推断出―roboticvehicles‖是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。4.C【解析】推理判断题。alongwaytogo远远不能。根据最后一段

―sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...‖可知机器远不如人的智力。其他没有提到。故选C。