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项目三：拟定合同Item3:Drawupthecontract任务六：拟定一般交易条款Task6:Drawuptheotherterms(PreventingandSettlingDisputes)DearRosemary,Gladtoreceiveyour

emaildatedMarch，29,2012.Throughtheconsideration,wedecidetoacceptyourtermsandconfirmasfollows:◆Commodit

yandspecification:Boysjacket，Styleno.DJ123，Shell:woventwill100%cotton，lining:woven100%polyester◆Quantity:5000pcs◆P

acking:20piecesarepackedinoneexportstandardcarton,solidcolorandsolidsizeinthesamecarton.◆Priceandterms:

USD10.7/pcCIFC5%DUBAI◆Payment:Byirrevocableletterofcreditat60daysaftersight◆Shipment:Within60daysuponreceipttheL/Cofthisdeal.ShipmentfromShan

ghaitoDubai,transshipmentisallowedandpartialshipmentisnotallowed.Pleasesendusaconfirmationandthankforyourcoope

ration.Yourssincerely，JohnScenario销售合同SALESCONTRACT卖方SELLER:MORNINGSTARLTD.CO.21,KUMAROAD,PUDONGDISTRICTSHANGHAI,CHINA编号NO

.:980301日期DATE:FEB.18,1998地点SIGNEDIN:SHANGHAI,CHINA买方BUYER:CANADIANK&LIFDONDISTRIBUTORS101,LINDARSTREET,VANCOUVER,CAN

ADA买卖双方同意以下条款达成交易：ThiscontractIsmadebyandagreedbetweentheBUYERandSELLER,inaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow.1.品名及规

格Commodity&Specification2.数量Quantity3.单价及价格条款UnitPrice&TradeTerms4.金额AmountCIFVANCOUVERGBW32BASKETBALLGBW322FOOTBALLERVSVOLLEYBALL2000PCS2

000PCS3000PCS@USD2.15/PC@USD2.6/PC@USD1.45/PCUSD4,300.00USD5,200.00USD4,350.00Total:7000PCSUSD13,850.00允许With5%溢短装，由卖方决定Moreorlessofshipmentalloweda

tthesellers’option5.总值TotalValueSAYUSDOLLARSTHIRTEENTHOUSANDEIGHTHUNDREDANDFIFTYONLY6.包装PackingINCARTONSOF50PIECESEACH7.唛头ShippingMarksDESIGNEDBY

THESELLER8.装运期及运输方式TimeofShipment&meansofTransportationDURINGAPRILBYSEA9.装运港及目的地PortofLoading&DestinationFROMSHANGHAI

TOVANCOUVERPARTIALSHIPMENTTOBEPROHIBITEDANDTRANSHIPMENTTOBEALLOWED10.保险InsuranceCOVERINGALLRISKSANDWARRISKFOR120%INVOICEVALUEASPERCIC(1981.1.1)CL

AIMATDESTINATIONPORT11.付款方式TermsofPaymentTHEBUYERSHOULDOPENTHESIGHTIRREVOCABLELETTEROFCREDITFORFULLINVOICEVALUETOTHESELLERNOTLATERTHA

NTHEENDOFMARCH;THECREDITISVALIDBYNEGOTIATIONWITHIN10DAYSAFTERTHEDATEOFSHIPMENTINCHINA.合同条款•TheBuyersshallhavetherighttoreinspectifthequali

tyandquantitytobefoundnotinconformitywiththatofthecontract.•Incaseofqualitydiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbythebuyerwithin60day

safterthearrivalofthegoodsatportofdestinationwhileforquantityofdiscrepancy,claimshouldbefiledbythebuyerwithin15days,butreportsissuedbyarecogn

izedpublicsurveyorapprovedbythesellers.ScenarioDiscussion•问题一：合同中检验权是如何规定的？•问题二：检验时间、地点及检验机构该如何确定？•问题三：合同履行过程中为什么会发生索赔？•问题四：索赔应该

由谁提出？•问题五：索赔的依据是什么？商品的检验检疫(Inspection)•法律惯例对进出口商品检验权的规定：–接受（ACCEPT）-无权再提出异议–收到（RECEIVE）-拥有检验权–卖方对风险转移前的货物负有责任–检验应在合同所载目的

地进行–如货物中途转运或再发运，（卖方事先知道），中间无合理的时间检验，则检验地点推至最终目的地Introduction•检验类型–法定检验•监管条件是A（进口）或B（出口）的货物,报关的时候必须向海关提供商检局的通关单–非法定检验•检验标准–国家强制性标准–合

同标准–其他标准Introduction•国外的检验机构官方机构民间、社团检验机构•我国官方检验检疫机构：海关总署（各地直属及隶属海关）美国粮谷检验署（FGES）美国食品药物管理局（FDA）瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（SG

S）主要职能：1.实施法定检验2.办理鉴定业务3.对进出口商品的检验工作实施监督管理你知道CIQ吗？ChinaInspectionandQuarantineBureauIntroductionCommodityInspectionCertificatesInspectionce

rtificatesareofvariouskinds.Themostcommonlyusedinspectioncertificatesare:1)InspectionCertificateofQuality（品质检验证书）2)InspectionCertificateofWeig

ht（重量检验证书）3)InspectionCertificateofQuantity（数量检验证书）4)VeterinaryInspectionCertificate（兽医检验证书）5)InspectionCertificateofHealth（卫生检验证书）

6)DisinfectionInspectionCertificate（消毒检验证书）A.17)InspectionCertificateofOrigin（产地检验证书）8)InspectionCertificateofValue（价值检验证书）9)InspectionCertificate

onDamagedCargo（验残检验证书）10)InspectionCertificateofPacking（包装检验证书）11)InspectionCertificateonTank/Hold（船舱检验证书）A.2CommodityInspectionCertifi

cates•Function–卖方所交货物的证明–双方索赔、理赔的依据–银行议付货款的单据之一–通关验放的必备单据（法定检验）IntroductionCommodityInspectionCertificatesS

tipulatingCommodityInspectionintheI&EContractTheoretically,inthecommodityinspectionclauseofanI&Econtract,theimporterandtheexportersh

ouldmakeclearthefollowing:a.thekindsandnumbersoftherequiredinspectioncertificates;b.thetimeandplacethegoodsaretobeinspected;c

.theinstitutionwhoistoexecutetheinspection;d.thestandardsandmeanstobeappliedtotheinspection;e.thepartywhoistobearthe

inspectioncharges.C.B.IntroductionStipulatingCommodityInspectionintheI&EContractTherearemainlythreewaysofstati

ngthetimeandplaceoftheinspection:1)makinginspectioninthecountryofexportbeforeshipment2)makinginspectio

ninthecountryofimportafterarrivalofthegoodsattheplaceofdestination3)makinginspectioninthecountryofexportbef

oreshipmentandmakingre-inspectioninthecountryofimportafterarrivalofthegoodsattheplaceofdestinationC.B.Introduction索赔(Claim)不同法律对违

约行为的解释：–以违反交易条件的主次来划分（英国法）•违反要件•违反担保–以违约后果的严重程度来划分（《公约》、美国法）•根本性违约（重大违约）•非根本性违约（轻微违约）Introduction•索赔和理赔–索赔依据——法律依据和事实依据–索赔期

限——合同约定为准（公约规定为2年）–索赔金额——事先约定或临时确定•合同中的索赔条款：–异议与索赔条款（检验与索赔条款）–罚金条款（惩罚性质的或损害赔偿性质）（注——大多数国家的法律只承认后者，如我国法律规定“合同中的罚金应视为损害赔偿金，可予以调整”）Introduc

tion•Iftheshipmentofthecontractedgoodsispreventedordelayedinwholeorinpartbyreasonofwar,earthquakeorothercausesofForceMajeure,theSellers

hallnotbeliable.However,theSellershallnotifythebuyerimmediatelyandfurnishtheletterwithin15daysbyregisteredairmailwithacertificateissuedbytheChina

CouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeattestingsucheventorevents.合同条款Scenario•问题一：如何确认不可抗力事件？•问题二：订立此条款的目的是什么？•问题三：不可抗力导致的后果如何

？•问题四：发生不可抗力事件后应该如何处理？•问题五：不可抗力事件证明应由谁出具？Discussion不可抗力（ForceMajeure）•不可抗力（免责条款）：是指非当事人所能控制，而且没有理由预期他在订立合同时所能考虑到或

能避免或克服它或它的后果而使其不履行合同义务的障碍。•条件–无法预见（签约后发生的）–无法避免（不是当事人能左右的）–客观存在的（不是当事人自身过失造成的）•范围–自然力量引起的–社会力量引起的Introduction1)Th

eeventoccursaftertheconclusionofthecontractanditshappeningcannotbeanticipatedbythepartiesatthetimeofconcludingthecontract.2)Theeventisnotduetothefau

ltornegligenceofthepartiesofthecontract.3)Theoccurrenceoftheeventcannotbecontrolledoravoidedandtheconsequenceo

ftheeventcannotbeovercomebythepartiesofthecontract.4)Theeventmakesperformanceortimelyperformanceofthecontractimpossible.TheElementsofaForceMajeure

Event•不可抗力法律后果：1)解除合同(TerminationoftheContract)2)变更合同AlterationoftheContract(包括替代履行，减少履行或延迟履行)•发生不可抗力事件后，决定解除合同或变更合同的影响因素A、如果不可抗力的发生使合

同履行成为不可能，例如特定标的物的灭失，或事件的影响比较严重，非短时间内所能复原，则可解除合同；B、如果不可抗力只是部分地或暂时性地阻碍了合同的履行，则发生事件的一方只能采用变更合同的方法，以减少另一方的损失。•不可抗力条款：–概括式、

列举式、综合式IntroductionCasediscussion韩国某公司向我国某粮油进出口公司询购大蒜800公吨，双方经过磋商达成协议，由于该公司出口的大蒜都以山东作为货源基地，所以业务员就在合同中品名条款

中列出了“山东大蒜”。但是在临近履约时，产地由于自然灾害导致大蒜欠收，货源紧张。业务员几经周折，才从其它地区调集了货源按时完成了交货义务。但是外商却提出了“货物不符合合同要求”的异议，要求要么提供山东大蒜，要么降价赔偿。请问，对方的要求合理吗？如果你是业务员，

你将如何处理这种情况？•Alldisputesarisingfromthisagreementshallbesettledamicablythoughfriendlynegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereac

hedthoughnegotiation,thecaseshallbesubmittedtoForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeforarbitr

ationinaccordancewiththeRuleofArbitrationofthisCommission.Theawardrenderedbythesaidcommissionshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties

.合同条款Scenario•问题一：如何解决合同履行过程中的纠纷？•问题二：订立此条款的目的是什么？•问题三：仲裁地点和仲裁机构应如何确定？•问题四：仲裁的裁决效力如何？Discussion仲裁(Arbitration)•解决对外贸易争议的方式–协商——调解——仲裁——诉讼•仲裁的特点–双方自

愿选择–双方签有仲裁协议–程序简单、裁决迅速、费用较低–裁决是终局的–审理是非公开的IntroductionComparedwithothermeans,arbitrationhasthefollowingcharacteristics:1)Unlikeadministra

tivedepartmentsandlawcourts,arbitrationorganizationscannotgovernforciblythedisputebetweenthetwoparties.Anagreementshouldbereachedbetw

eenthetwopartiesbeforetheysubmittheirdisputeforarbitration.2)Arbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparti

es.3)Arbitralawardenjoymuchgreaterinternationalrecognitionthanjudgmentsofnationalcourts.CharacteristicsofA

rbitrationD.2D.31234)Arbitrationiscomparativelyflexibleandneutral.5)Arbitrationismoreprofessional,fasterandlessexpensivethanlitigationi

nthecourts.6)Arbitrationisprivate.D.2D.3456CharacteristicsofArbitration•仲裁协议的作用–表明双方自愿接受仲裁–表明仲裁机构取得该案件的管辖权–排除了法院对该案件的管辖权•

仲裁协议的形式（必须是书面的）–合同中的仲裁条款（相对于其它条款而独立存在）–单独的仲裁协议IntroductionArbitrationagenciescanbeoftwotypes:permanentarbitr

ationinstitutesandadhocarbitrationtribunals.ArbitrationAgenciesD.1D.2Training•请大家根据下发的往来函电资料，完成出口合同的拟定。•要求：–内容完整–书写整齐–合同条款表述规范