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Ⅰ阅读理解(2018·合肥高三质检)Cyclingiswellknowntoimproveindividualhealthandfitness;italsobenefitsthewiderpopulationinter

msofeconomy,transportandenvironment.TheEUpromotescyclingviamanymeasuresprimarilytoachievesustainable(可持续的)cleananden

ergy-efficienttransportsystems.However,despitethefactthatthebenefitsoutweightherisksby20∶1,manyconsider

theriskstoogreatandthatthefearofdangerontheroadneedstobehandled.Cyclelanes(车道)havebeenusedtoimprovecyclists’s

afetyandencouragemorecyclistsontotheroad.Thisresearchintransportaimstostudytheeffectofcyclelanesoncyclists’safetywherepassi

ngspacegivenbyovertaking(超车)vehiclesisconcerned.Inthisstudy,theauthorsusedabicycleequippedwithcamerastorecordvehicl

eovertakinginvaryingroadsituationstodeterminewhethercyclelanes,colorblockcyclelanesornocyclelanesaffectpassingdistancesandcyclists’safety.Their

3comparisonsmeasuringvehiclepassingwidthsfoundgreateroveralldistancesgivenwithacyclelanethanwithout.Colorblockv

s.uncoloredcyclelanesshowedlittleornodifference,asdidnocyclelanesvs.colorblockcyclelanes.Colorblocklanes

hadaslightnegativeeffectsuggestingthatdriversaremorecarefulwhencyclelaneshavelessdefinition(清晰度)．Interestingly,theauthorsconcludethatotherfact

orshaveafargreatereffectoncyclists’safetythanpresenceorabsenceofcyclelanes.Roadwidth,parking,oppositevehicleflowandsp

eedwerekeyinfluencesondecreasedpassingwidths.Theauthorsalsonotethatdriverbehaviourisahugelyimportantfactorandurgemor

eresearchinthisarea.“Inordertoreducerisksandencouragemorecycling,reducingandcalmingtheexistingmotorisedtrafficmustbee

xploredfirst.”Theysuggest,“Lanewidthisthemostsignificantvariable(变量)toachieveasufficientvehiclepassingdistance.Thenarrowcyclelanes(<2m)maybenoteno

ugh.Reconsiderationoftheentireroaddesignandfurtherexplorationofdriverbehaviouralfactorsarerequired.”【解题导语】本文主要讲

述了为了实现可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，欧盟大力推广使用自行车，并指出在自行车的推广过程中要解决安全的问题。1．WhatisthemainpurposeoftheEU’spromotingcycling?A．Toreduceairpoll

ution.B．Tobuildbettertransportsystems.C．Toimprovepeople’shealth.D．Tohelppeoplesavemoneyontransport.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，欧盟通过多种途径推广使用

自行车主要是为了建立可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，故B项正确。2．Accordingtothestudy,colorblocklanesmay________．A．makedriversabitcarelessB．causenoovertakingC．getcyclistst

ofeelsaferD．leadtogreaterpassingdistancesA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，彩色车道有轻微的负面效应，当自行车车道清晰度较低时驾驶员要更小心。据此可以判断，彩色车道会使驾驶

员变得粗心，故A项正确。3．Intheresearchers’eyes,thefirststeptoencouragemorecyclingisto________．A．redesignandrebuildtheroadsinacityB．domore

researchinpublicbicycleprogramsC．restrictthenumberofvehiclesrunningontheroadD．makestricttrafficrulestocontroldriverbehaviourC解

析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inordertoreducerisksandencouragemorecycling,reducingandcalmingtheexistingmotorisedtrafficmustbeexplor

edfirst.”可知，为了降低风险，鼓励更多地使用自行车，首先要减少现有的机动车辆，即控制路上的机动车的数量，故C项正确。4．Theauthorsoftheresearchthinkthatdriverbehaviour________．A．needsfurtherexploratio

nB．isanunimportantfactorC．makescyclelanesnarrowerD．isthemostsignificantvariableA解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reconsider

ationoftheentireroaddesignandfurtherexplorationofdriverbehaviouralfactorsarerequired.”可知，需要对驾驶员的行为因素做进一

步探索，故A项正确。Ⅱ七选五(2018·山西八校联考)Self-confidentpeoplefacetheirfearshead-onandtheyknowthatnomatterwhatobstaclescometheirway，theyhavetheabilitytogetpast

them.Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofself­confidence？Guesswhat？Youcan.1.________Stayawayfromnegativity.2．________Thisisatoughone，butit

’stimetoseriouslyconsidergettingawayfromthoseindividualswhoputyoudownandshredyourconfidence.EvenatemporarybreakfromDebbieDownercanmakeahugedifference

andhelpyoumovetowardmoreself-confidence.Bepositive.Putsomepositiveenthusiasmintoyourinteractionswithothersandhitthegroundrunning，excitedtobeginyo

urnextproject.3.________Instead，begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpositivechanges.Don’tacceptfailure.Nevergiveup.Neveracce

ptfailureandgetridofthenegativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.4.________Makethisyournewma

ntra(真言)．Succeedinginadifficultorunpleasantsituationisahugeconfidencebooster(激励)．5．________Learneverythingthereistoknowaboutyou

rfield，job，presentation—whateverisnextonyour“toconquer”list.Ifyouareprepared，andhavetheknowledgetobackit

up，yourself­confidencewillriseveryquickly.A．Beprepared.B．Createagreatlist.C．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.D．Stopfocusingontheproblemsinyour

life.E．Therefore，whywouldyouwanttostoptrying?F．Here’showyoucanlearntobeconfidentofallyoudo.G．Evaluateyourinnercircle，includingfriendsandf

amily.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高自信的一些方法。1．F解析：根据空前的“Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofself-confidence？Guesswhat？Youcan.”及下文罗列的内容可知，此处需填一个承上启下的句子

，故F项“这是你可以学会对你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法。”符合语境。2.G解析：根据小标题“Stayawayfromnegativity.”以及G项中的“friendsandfamily”与空后句子

中的“thoseindividuals”的对应关系可知，G项符合语境。3．D解析：根据小标题“Bepositive.”及空后的“Instead，begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpo

sitivechanges.”可知，空处所填内容与其后面的内容之间存在转折关系，故D项“不要再关注你生活中的问题。”符合语境。4．E解析：根据空前的“Nevergiveup.Neveracceptfailurea

ndgetridofthenegativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.”可知，空处所填内容与上文存在因果关系，故E项“因此，你为什么想要放弃

努力呢？”符合语境。5．A解析：根据最后一段中的内容尤其是“Ifyouareprepared，andhavetheknowledgetobackitup...”可知，本段介绍的提高自信的方法是要做好准备，故A项符合语境。Ⅲ语法填空He

lpingapersonforgetsomethingisrarelyeasy,especiallyifthe“something”ishurtfulornegative.Usesomesimpletechniquestodistractfromtheissuea

nd1.____________(hope)withtimegoingby,thepersonwon’tbeabletoremember2.____________heissupposedtoforget.Rem

ovealltheitemsthatmaybringbackthememory.Anysmallobjectscanjoghismemory,socarefullyreplaceanyphotos,diariesoranyother3.___

_________(person)objectsorpresentswithnewitems.Changethesubjectwheneveryourfriendbringsitup.Don’tdothisin4

.____________obviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoitwithouthisawarenessofyour5.____________(intend).Tellsome6.____________(amu

se)storiesortalkaboutimportantandhappyeventsinyourfriend’slifesuchasanewnepheworaworkpromotion.Occupyhimwith7.__

__________(activity)andappointments.Keepinghimtoobusy8.____________(think)aboutthepasthelpshimseeapositiveli

ght.Createafullscheduleandintroducenewthingsandexperiences,suchasacookingclass,whichrequireconcentration.Bepatientandallowtimetogetov

erthings.Itwillbeoftenalongtime9.____________yourfriendfullyremovesthatmemory,sodon’tbe10.____________(disappoint)ifitdoesn’thappenimmediately.【解题导语】

本文主要讲述了帮助他人忘掉不快乐的记忆的四条建议。1．hopefully解析：考查副词。空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。2．what解析：考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中

作动词forget的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。3．personal解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词objects，故用形容词形式。句意：任何小物件都能唤起记忆，所以小心地用新物品替换任何照片、日

记或其他个人的物品或礼物。4．an解析：考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事，因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词；obvious的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。5．intention

解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，但要在他(朋友)没有意识到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。6．amusing解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词stories可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式amusi

ng。句意：讲一些有趣的故事，或者谈谈你朋友的生活中重要和快乐的事情，比如刚出生的侄子或者工作晋升。7．activities解析：考查名词复数。根据该句中的“andappointments”可知，空处与此并列，

应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。8．tothink解析：考查固定搭配。too...to...为固定搭配，意为“太„„而不能„„”。句意：让他忙得无法想起往事，这有助于让他看到积极之光。9．before解析：考查连词。句意：通常很长的一段时间之后，你的朋友才会完全忘掉这段记忆，

所以如果他没有马上忘掉这段记忆，你不要失望。Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久之后才„„”，故用连词before。10．disappointed解析：考查形容词。空处所在句为祈使句，系动词be后接形容词，且修饰人，故用d

isappointed。Ⅳ短文改错(2018·山师大附中模拟)Jinanisfacingseriouslytrafficproblems.Toomuchcarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandth

eplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheworseone.Oneofthereasonw

hythereissomuchtrafficisbecauseonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficpr

oblemswastoencouragepeopletomakeusepublictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanw

hile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethemmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.答案：Jinanisfacingseriouslyserioustrafficpr

oblems.Toomuchmanycarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandthe＼plentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblems

andBeijingistheworseworstone.Oneofthereasonreasonswhythereissomuchtrafficisbecausethatonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictr

ansportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemswasistoencouragepeopletomakeuse∧ofpublictransportationsyste

ms.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivedrivingcars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethe

mitmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.