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Ⅰ阅读理解(2018·合肥高三质检)Cyclingiswellknowntoimproveindividualhealthandfitness;italsobenefitsthewiderpopulationi

ntermsofeconomy,transportandenvironment.TheEUpromotescyclingviamanymeasuresprimarilytoachievesustainab

le(可持续的)cleanandenergy-efficienttransportsystems.However,despitethefactthatthebenefitsoutweightherisksby20∶1,manyconsidertheriskstoogreatandth

atthefearofdangerontheroadneedstobehandled.Cyclelanes(车道)havebeenusedtoimprovecyclists’safetyandencouragemorecyclistsontotheroad

.Thisresearchintransportaimstostudytheeffectofcyclelanesoncyclists’safetywherepassingspacegivenbyovertaking(超车)vehiclesisconcerned.In

thisstudy,theauthorsusedabicycleequippedwithcamerastorecordvehicleovertakinginvaryingroadsituationstodete

rminewhethercyclelanes,colorblockcyclelanesornocyclelanesaffectpassingdistancesandcyclists’safety.Their3c

omparisonsmeasuringvehiclepassingwidthsfoundgreateroveralldistancesgivenwithacyclelanethanwithout.Colorblockvs.uncoloredcyclelanesshowedlittleor

nodifference,asdidnocyclelanesvs.colorblockcyclelanes.Colorblocklaneshadaslightnegativeeffectsuggestingthatdriversaremorecarefulwhenc

yclelaneshavelessdefinition(清晰度)．Interestingly,theauthorsconcludethatotherfactorshaveafargreatereffectoncy

clists’safetythanpresenceorabsenceofcyclelanes.Roadwidth,parking,oppositevehicleflowandspeedwerekeyinfluencesondecrea

sedpassingwidths.Theauthorsalsonotethatdriverbehaviourisahugelyimportantfactorandurgemoreresearchinthisarea.“Inordertoreducerisksand

encouragemorecycling,reducingandcalmingtheexistingmotorisedtrafficmustbeexploredfirst.”Theysuggest,“L

anewidthisthemostsignificantvariable(变量)toachieveasufficientvehiclepassingdistance.Thenarrowcyclelanes(<

2m)maybenotenough.Reconsiderationoftheentireroaddesignandfurtherexplorationofdriverbehaviouralfactorsarerequired.”【解题导语】本文主要讲述了为了实现可持续

的清洁和节能的交通系统，欧盟大力推广使用自行车，并指出在自行车的推广过程中要解决安全的问题。1．WhatisthemainpurposeoftheEU’spromotingcycling?A．Toreduceairpollution.B．Tobuildbettertransport

systems.C．Toimprovepeople’shealth.D．Tohelppeoplesavemoneyontransport.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，欧盟通过多种途径推广使用自行车主要是为了建立可持续的清洁和节能的交通系统，故B项正确。2．Accordingtot

hestudy,colorblocklanesmay________．A．makedriversabitcarelessB．causenoovertakingC．getcycliststofeelsaferD．leadtogreaterpassingd

istancesA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，彩色车道有轻微的负面效应，当自行车车道清晰度较低时驾驶员要更小心。据此可以判断，彩色车道会使驾驶员变得粗心，故A项正确。3．Intheresearchers’eyes,thefir

ststeptoencouragemorecyclingisto________．A．redesignandrebuildtheroadsinacityB．domoreresearchinpublicbicycleprogramsC．rest

rictthenumberofvehiclesrunningontheroadD．makestricttrafficrulestocontroldriverbehaviourC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inordertoreducerisksandencou

ragemorecycling,reducingandcalmingtheexistingmotorisedtrafficmustbeexploredfirst.”可知，为了降低风险，鼓励更多地使用自行车，首先要减少现有的机动车辆，即控制路上的机

动车的数量，故C项正确。4．Theauthorsoftheresearchthinkthatdriverbehaviour________．A．needsfurtherexplorationB．isanunimportantfactorC．m

akescyclelanesnarrowerD．isthemostsignificantvariableA解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reconsiderationoftheentireroaddesignandfurtherexplorationo

fdriverbehaviouralfactorsarerequired.”可知，需要对驾驶员的行为因素做进一步探索，故A项正确。Ⅱ七选五(2018·山西八校联考)Self-confidentpeoplefacetheirfearshead-onandtheyknow

thatnomatterwhatobstaclescometheirway，theyhavetheabilitytogetpastthem.Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofself­confidence？Gu

esswhat？Youcan.1.________Stayawayfromnegativity.2．________Thisisatoughone，butit’stimetoseriouslyconsidergettingawa

yfromthoseindividualswhoputyoudownandshredyourconfidence.EvenatemporarybreakfromDebbieDownercanmakeahugedifferenceandhelpyoumovetowardmoreself-confi

dence.Bepositive.Putsomepositiveenthusiasmintoyourinteractionswithothersandhitthegroundrunning，excitedtobeginyournextproject.3.________Instead

，begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpositivechanges.Don’tacceptfailure.Nevergiveup.Neveracceptfailureandgetridofthene

gativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.4.________Makethisyournewmantra(真言)．Succeedinginadifficult

orunpleasantsituationisahugeconfidencebooster(激励)．5．________Learneverythingthereistoknowaboutyourfield，job，pre

sentation—whateverisnextonyour“toconquer”list.Ifyouareprepared，andhavetheknowledgetobackitup，yourself­confidencewillriseveryquickly.A．Beprepa

red.B．Createagreatlist.C．Getoutofyourcomfortzone.D．Stopfocusingontheproblemsinyourlife.E．Therefore，whywouldyouwanttostoptrying?

F．Here’showyoucanlearntobeconfidentofallyoudo.G．Evaluateyourinnercircle，includingfriendsandfamily.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高

自信的一些方法。1．F解析：根据空前的“Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofself-confidence？Guesswhat？Youcan.”及下文罗列的内容可知，此处需填一个承上启下的句子，故F项“这是你可以学

会对你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法。”符合语境。2.G解析：根据小标题“Stayawayfromnegativity.”以及G项中的“friendsandfamily”与空后句子中的“thoseindividuals”的对应关系可知，G项符合语境。3．D解析：根据

小标题“Bepositive.”及空后的“Instead，begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpositivechanges.”可知，空处所填内容与其后面的内容之间存在转折关系，故D项“不要再关注你生活中的问题。”符合语境。4．E解析：根据空前的“N

evergiveup.Neveracceptfailureandgetridofthenegativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.”可知，空处所填内容与上文存在因果关系，故E项“因此，你为什么想要放弃努力呢？”符合语境。5．A解析：根

据最后一段中的内容尤其是“Ifyouareprepared，andhavetheknowledgetobackitup...”可知，本段介绍的提高自信的方法是要做好准备，故A项符合语境。Ⅲ语法填空Helpingapersonforge

tsomethingisrarelyeasy,especiallyifthe“something”ishurtfulornegative.Usesomesimpletechniquestodistractfromtheissueand1.____________(hop

e)withtimegoingby,thepersonwon’tbeabletoremember2.____________heissupposedtoforget.Removealltheitemsthatmaybringbackthememory.Anysmallob

jectscanjoghismemory,socarefullyreplaceanyphotos,diariesoranyother3.____________(person)objectsorpresentswithnewitems.Changet

hesubjectwheneveryourfriendbringsitup.Don’tdothisin4.____________obviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoitwithouthisawarene

ssofyour5.____________(intend).Tellsome6.____________(amuse)storiesortalkaboutimportantandhappyeventsinyourfriend’slifesuchasanewnepheworaworkpromoti

on.Occupyhimwith7.____________(activity)andappointments.Keepinghimtoobusy8.____________(think)aboutthepasthelpshimseeapos

itivelight.Createafullscheduleandintroducenewthingsandexperiences,suchasacookingclass,whichrequireconcentration.Bepatie

ntandallowtimetogetoverthings.Itwillbeoftenalongtime9.____________yourfriendfullyremovesthatmemory,sodon’tbe10.__

__________(disappoint)ifitdoesn’thappenimmediately.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了帮助他人忘掉不快乐的记忆的四条建议。1．hopefully解析：考查副词。空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。2．what解析：考查宾

语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词forget的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。3．personal解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词objects，故用形

容词形式。句意：任何小物件都能唤起记忆，所以小心地用新物品替换任何照片、日记或其他个人的物品或礼物。4．an解析：考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事，因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词；o

bvious的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。5．intention解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，但要在他(朋友)没有意识到你的意图的情况下做

这件事情。6．amusing解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词stories可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式amusing。句意：讲一些有趣的故事，或者谈谈你朋友的生活中重要和快乐的事情，比如刚出生的侄子或者工作晋升。7．activities解析：考查名词复数。根据该句中的“and

appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。8．tothink解析：考查固定搭配。too...to...为固定搭配，意为“太„„而不能„„”。句意：让他忙得无法想起往事，这

有助于让他看到积极之光。9．before解析：考查连词。句意：通常很长的一段时间之后，你的朋友才会完全忘掉这段记忆，所以如果他没有马上忘掉这段记忆，你不要失望。Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...表示“多久之后才„„”，故用连词before。10．

disappointed解析：考查形容词。空处所在句为祈使句，系动词be后接形容词，且修饰人，故用disappointed。Ⅳ短文改错(2018·山师大附中模拟)Jinanisfacingseriouslytr

afficproblems.Toomuchcarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandtheplentyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manyci

tiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheworseone.Oneofthereasonwhythereissomuchtrafficisbecauseonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictr

ansportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficproblemswastoencouragepeopletomakeusepublictransportationsystem

s.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivecars.Meanwhile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethemmorereliableandconvenienttotrav

elbybus.答案：Jinanisfacingseriouslyserioustrafficproblems.Toomuchmanycarstravelontheroads.Thisheavytrafficcausesdelaysandthe＼plen

tyofairpollution.BesidesJinan,manycitiesinChinahavetrafficproblemsandBeijingistheworseworstone.Oneofthereason

reasonswhythereissomuchtrafficisbecausethatonlyasmallnumberofpeopleusepublictransportation.Inmyopinion,onewaytosolvethetrafficp

roblemswasistoencouragepeopletomakeuse∧ofpublictransportationsystems.Forexample,peoplecantakebusesinsteadofdrivedrivingcars.Meanw

hile,thegovernmentshouldtakemeasurestomakethemitmorereliableandconvenienttotravelbybus.