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高频动词1、认为/宣称：believe/insist/maintain/hold/argue／assert/declare/claim/allege/reckon/contend2、反对：disagree/argueagainst/object/oppose/c

ontradict/dispute/quarrel/refute3、同意：agree/infavorof/consent/comply/concur4、导致：cause/resultin/leadto/contributeto/bringabout/giveriseto5、影响：Influe

nce/impact/affecthaveinflunenceon/makeadifference6、解决：solve/workout/tackle/resolve/address7、处理：dealwith/copewith/ha

ndle8、从事：carryout/beengagedin/occupyin/undertake/embarkon/devoteoneselfto9、需要：require/callfor/demand/req

uestnecessitate/yearnfor/hungerfor/desperatefor10、增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/enhance/boost/promote/advancestrengthen/opti

mize/augment11、培养：develop/cultivate/foster/nurture12、确保：assure/ensure/guarantee/promise/pledge13、减轻（消除）：relieve/lighten/t

akeaway/eliminate/clearup/smoothaway/alleviate14、相联系：connectwith/relateto/contactwith/linkto/associatewith15、依赖于：dependon/relyon/reston/counton/leano

n/reckonon/bankon16、忽视：ignore/overlook/neglect/passover/turnablindeyeto/disregard17、改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert/modify/shift/reorganize

18、认出(辨别）：recognize/tellfrom/distinguish/spot/pinpoint/differenciate19、伤害：damage/destroy/weaken/devastate/impair/ruin/spoil20、意识到：beaware

of/realize/recognize/beapprehensiveof21、激发(唤起）：encourage/motivate/stimulate/spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke22、完成：complet

e/finish/fulfill/achieve/accomplish/realize23、保留（保护资源）：keep/hold/preserve/conserve/retain/reserve/safeguar

d24、组成/占据：comprise/compose/consistof/bemadeup/occupy/takeup/accountfor/constitute高频名词1、个人：individuals/people/folks/persons/characters/c

itizens/dwellers2、老年人：oldpeople/theold/theelderly/theaged/advancingyears/seniorcitizens3、孩子/青少年：children/kid/teenager/

youngster/youths/adolescents/juvenile4、影响：impact/influence/effect5、好处：advantages/strengths/merits/theupside/boons/thestrongpoints6、

坏处：disadvantages/weaknesses/demerits/thedownside/banes/theweakpoints/drawbacks/flaw7、原因：reason/factor/causewhys/causatio

n8、发展：development/progress/growth/advancement/evolution/innovation/prosperity/blossom9、能力：ability/power/skillcapaci

ty/competence/talent10、多样性：diversity/difference/variety/range/variation/multiformity11、职业：job/career/employment/vocation/position/profession/occupati

on12、压力：stress/burden/pressure/tension/strain/stresses/strains13、娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/pastim

es/recreation14、老师：teachers/educators/lecturers/tutorinstructors15、教育：education/schooling/familyparenting/upbringing16、环境：environment/circu

mstance/surroundings/atmosphere/ambience17、社会（公众）：society/public/generalpubliccommunity/themasses高频形容词1、重要的：important/si

gnificant/vital/key/pivotal/critical/crucial/indispensable/imperative/salient/paramount2、积极的/好的：beneficial/positive/favorable/profitable/rewarding/a

spiring/advantageous3、消极的/坏的：harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental/destructive/devastating4、常见的/普遍的：usual/common/regular/widespread/habitual/ty

pical/universal/prevalent5、充足的/丰富的：adequate/abundant/sufficient/ample/affulent/luxious/lavish6、流行的：popular/fashionable/prevailing/prevalent/pervas

ive7、明显的：obvious/apparent/remarkable/manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous8、现代的：modern/current/present/up-to-date/contemporary/updated9、相似的：similar/a

like/resembling10、健康的：healthy/fitrobust/sound/wholesome11、有活力的：energetic/vigorous/dynamic/animated高频副词1、急剧地：dramatically/sharply/hugely/markedl

y/drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably2、平稳地：steadily/smoothly/marginally/gradually

/moderately/mildly3、大约：about/almost/nearly/roughly/approximately4、毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedlyunquestionably/beyondanyshadowofthedoubt高频短语1、

大量的：ahostof/avastnumberof/avastamountof/agreatdealof/anarrayof/anarmyof/anoceanof/aseaof/amultitudeof/ahostof/many...,ifnotmost(manyindividua

ls,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat...)2、(在)当代：atpresent/incontemporarysociety/inthisdayandage/inpresent-daysociety/

inmodernage3、事实上：actually/infact/inpractice/asamatteroffact/virtually/inessence/inreality4、换言之：thatistosay/inotherwords/toputitdifferently/topu

titfromanotherway/toputitfromanotherangle5、与…相比：comparedwith/incomparisonwith/bycontrast/onthecontrary6、充满了：befilledwith/befullof/beinundatewith

/beawashwith/besaturatedwith7、努力：strugglefor/strivefor/sparenoeffortsfor/aspaireafter核心词汇解决：solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,add

ress,tackle损害:damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardise给予:give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,aff

ord培养:develop,cultivate,foster,nurture优势:advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength缺陷:disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakn

ess使迷惑:puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle重要的:key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,integral,i

mperative,pivotal认为:think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvincedofprotect,conserve,preserve确保:assu

re,ensure,guarantee有害的:bad,baneful,evil,harmful,destructional,detrimental要求:request,demand,need,require消除：eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,tak

eaway,smoothaway,getridof导致:leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,induce,generate,provoke,evoke,trigg

er,stimulate宣称:allege,assert,declare,claim发生:happen,occur,takeplace发展:development,advance,progress有益的:useful,helpful,beneficial,profi

table,rewarding,advantageous影响:influence,impact,effect明显的:clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,

crystal-clear,transparent,palpable事实上:practically,inpractice,essentially,inessence,inreality,ineffect,infact,asamatteroffact,itisafactthat换言之:

namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitlikethis,toputitdifferently,toputitfromanotherway,toputitfromanotherangle逻辑连接词表示原因的连接词：becau

se;for;as;since;becauseof;owingto;dueto;thanksto;asaresultof;resultfrom表示结果的连接词：thus;hence;so;sothat;therefore;assuch;asaresult;as

aconsequence;consequently;accordingly;correspondingly;forthisreason;in/undersuchcircumstances;in...case表示相似点的连接词：like;lik

ewise;too;also;similarly;aswell;equallyimportant;notonly.butalso;bycomparison;comparedto;inthesameway/manner表示不同点的连接词：unlike;despite;instead;yet;

but;though;although;rather;however;despite;inspiteof;insteadof;incontrast;incontrastto;whereas;while;whilst;nev

ertheless;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand表示转折的连接词：but;yet;however;nevertheless;nonetheless表示例子的连接词：forexample;forinstance;sucha

s;including;like;as;acaseinpoint;take.asanexample;say;goasfollows;golikethis表示顺序的连接词：first(second.);firstly(secondly.

);initially;attheverybeginning;tobeginwith;then;next;atfirst;previously;before;bythen;after;afterwards;meanwhi

le;inthemeantime;atthesametime;atlast;lastbutnotleast;lastly;finally;intheend;atlength;inafewweeks;afewweekslater;

beforelong;soon;atthattime表示空间位置的连接词：infrontof;behind;ontheright;ontheleft;ontheright-handside;ontheleft-handside;in

themiddle;attheupperright-handside;nextto;adjacentto;nearto;nearby;inthedistance;oppositeto;at/onthetop;atthebottom;atthelowerleft-

handside;inbetween;among;between;under/below/beneath;frombehindthe.表示递进的连接词：and;besides;moreover;whatismore;furthermore;i

naddition;inadditionto;additionally