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高频动词1、认为/宣称：believe/insist/maintain/hold/argue／assert/declare/claim/＊allege/reckon/contend2、反对：disagree/

argueagainst/object/oppose/contradict/＊dispute/quarrel/refute3、同意：agree/infavorof/＊consent/comply/concur4、导

致：cause/resultin/leadto/contributeto/＊bringabout/giveriseto5、影响：Influence/impact/affect＊haveinflunenceon/mak

eadifference6、解决：solve/workout/＊tackle/resolve/address7、处理：dealwith/copewith/handle8、从事：carryout/beengagedin/occupyin/＊undertake/embarkon/d

evoteoneselfto9、需要：require/callfor/demand/request＊necessitate/yearnfor/hungerfor/desperatefor10、增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/enhance/boost/promote/advance＊st

rengthen/optimize/augment11、培养：develop/cultivate/＊foster/nurture12、确保：assure/ensure/guarantee/promise/＊pledge13、减轻（消除）

：relieve/lighten/takeaway/eliminate/＊clearup/smoothaway/alleviate14、相联系：connectwith/relateto/＊contactwith/linkto/a

ssociatewith15、依赖于：dependon/relyon/reston/＊counton/leanon/reckonon/bankon16、忽视：ignore/overlook/neglect/passover/＊turnablindeyeto/di

sregard17、改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert/＊modify/shift/reorganize18、认出(辨别）：recognize/tellfrom/distingu

ish/＊spot/pinpoint/differenciate19、伤害：damage/destroy/weaken/＊devastate/impair/ruin/spoil20、意识到：beawareof/realize/recognize/＊beappr

ehensiveof21、激发(唤起）：encourage/motivate/stimulate/＊spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke22、完成：complete/finish/＊fulfill/achieve/accompl

ish/realize23、保留（保护资源）：keep/hold/preserve/conserve/＊retain/reserve/safeguard24、组成/占据：comprise/compose/consistof/bemadeup/occupy/takeup/＊accountfor/

constitute高频名词1、个人：individuals/people/folks/persons/＊characters/citizens/dwellers2、老年人：oldpeople/theold/theelderly/theaged/＊advancingyear

s/seniorcitizens3、孩子/青少年：children/kid/teenager/youngster/youths/＊adolescents/juvenile4、影响：impact/infl

uence/effect5、好处：advantages/strengths/merits/＊theupside/boons/thestrongpoints6、坏处：disadvantages/weaknesses/demerits/＊thedownside/

banes/theweakpoints/drawbacks/flaw7、原因：reason/factor/cause＊whys/causation8、发展：development/progress/growth/＊advancement/evolution

/innovation/prosperity/blossom9、能力：ability/power/skill＊capacity/competence/talent10、多样性：diversity/difference/variety/＊range/variation/mul

tiformity11、职业：job/career/employment/vocation/position/＊profession/occupation12、压力：stress/burden/pressure/＊tens

ion/strain/stresses/strains13、娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/＊pastimes/recreation14、老师：teachers/educators/lecturers/tutor＊instructors15、教育：

education/schooling/＊familyparenting/upbringing16、环境：environment/circumstance/＊surroundings/atmosphere/ambience17、社会（公众）：society/public/gener

alpublic＊community/themasses高频形容词1、重要的：important/significant/vital/key/pivotal/＊critical/crucial/indispensable/imperativ

e/salient/paramount2、积极的/好的：beneficial/positive/＊favorable/profitable/rewarding/aspiring/advantageous3、消

极的/坏的：harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental/＊destructive/devastating4、常见的/普遍的：usual/common/regular/＊widespread/habitual/typical/univers

al/prevalent5、充足的/丰富的：adequate/abundant/sufficient/＊ample/affulent/luxious/lavish6、流行的：popular/fashionable/prevailing/＊prevalent/pervasiv

e7、明显的：obvious/apparent/remarkable/＊manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous8、现代的：modern/current/present/＊up-to-date/contemporary/updated9、

相似的：similar/alike/＊resembling10、健康的：healthy/fit＊robust/sound/wholesome11、有活力的：energetic/vigorous/＊dynamic/animated高频副词1、急剧地：d

ramatically/sharply/hugely/markedly/＊drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably2、平稳地：steadily/smoothly/＊marginally/grad

ually/moderately/mildly3、大约：about/almost/nearly/＊roughly/approximately4、毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedly＊unquestionably/beyon

danyshadowofthedoubt高频短语1、大量的：ahostof/avastnumberof/avastamountof/agreatdealof/＊anarrayof/anarmyof/anoceanof/aseaof/amultitude

of/ahostof/many...,ifnotmost(manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat...)2、(在)当代：atpresent/incontemporarysociety/inthisdayandage/＊inpres

ent-daysociety/inmodernage3、事实上：actually/infact/inpractice/asamatteroffact/＊virtually/inessence/inreality4、换言之：thatistosay/inotherw

ords/toputitdifferently/＊toputitfromanotherway/toputitfromanotherangle5、与…相比：comparedwith/incomparisonwith/＊by

contrast/onthecontrary6、充满了：befilledwith/befullof/＊beinundatewith/beawashwith/besaturatedwith7、努力：strugglefor/strivefo

r/＊sparenoeffortsfor/aspaireafter核心词汇解决：solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle损害:damage,hurt,injure,har

m,impair,undermine,jeopardise给予:give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford培养:develop,cultivate,foster,nurture优势:advantage,mer

it,virtue,benefit,upside,strength缺陷:disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness使迷惑:puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baff

le重要的:key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,integral,imperative,pivotal认为:think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,

conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvincedofprotect,conserve,preserve确保:assure,ensure,guarantee有害的:bad,baneful,evil,harmful,destructional

,detrimental要求:request,demand,need,require消除：eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway,getridof导致:leadto,bringabout,resultin

,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,induce,generate,provoke,evoke,trigger,stimulate宣称:allege,assert,declare,claim发生:happen,occur,takeplace发展:development,adv

ance,progress有益的:useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding,advantageous影响:influence,impact,effect明显的:clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,ma

nifest,apparent,crystal-clear,transparent,palpable事实上:practically,inpractice,essentially,inessence,inreality,ineffect,infact

,asamatteroffact,itisafactthat换言之:namely,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitlikethis,toputitdifferently,toputitfromanotherway,

toputitfromanotherangle逻辑连接词表示原因的连接词：because;for;as;since;becauseof;owingto;dueto;thanksto;asaresultof;resultfrom表示结果的连接词：

thus;hence;so;sothat;therefore;assuch;asaresult;asaconsequence;consequently;accordingly;correspondingly;forth

isreason;in/undersuchcircumstances;in...case表示相似点的连接词：like;likewise;too;also;similarly;aswell;equallyimportant;notonly.butalso;bycomparison;comparedt

o;inthesameway/manner表示不同点的连接词：unlike;despite;instead;yet;but;though;although;rather;however;despite;inspiteof;insteadof;incontrast;incon

trastto;whereas;while;whilst;nevertheless;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand表示转折的连接词：but;yet;however;nevertheless;nonetheless表示例子的连接词：forexample;fori

nstance;suchas;including;like;as;acaseinpoint;take.asanexample;say;goasfollows;golikethis表示顺序的连接词：first(second.);firstly(secondly.);initially;atth

everybeginning;tobeginwith;then;next;atfirst;previously;before;bythen;after;afterwards;meanwhile;inthemeantime;atthesametime;atl

ast;lastbutnotleast;lastly;finally;intheend;atlength;inafewweeks;afewweekslater;beforelong;soon;atthatti

me表示空间位置的连接词：infrontof;behind;ontheright;ontheleft;ontheright-handside;ontheleft-handside;inthemiddle;attheupperright-handside;ne

xtto;adjacentto;nearto;nearby;inthedistance;oppositeto;at/onthetop;atthebottom;atthelowerleft-handside;inbetween;

among;between;under/below/beneath;frombehindthe.表示递进的连接词：and;besides;moreover;whatismore;furthermore;inaddition;inadditionto;a

dditionally