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动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词的分类语态时态主动一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时.过去将来时过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时现在进行时过去进行时v./v.svedwill+vwould+v.had+Vp.phave/has+

Vp.pwillhave+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中

动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.一般现在4.every…,sometimes,at…,onSundays现在完成现在进行过去进行过去完成过去将来一般将来一般过去1.for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow

,inthepastyears,recently5.yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow2.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作6.…before,by,until,when,after

8.next…,tomorrow,in…3.now…7.thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while48713625最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,

sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,las

tweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevenin

g…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动

作解动词填空题“三步曲”1..I(have)thisbookfor2weeks.havehadareplanted一看时间状语2.Everyyear,manytrees(plant)alongtheriver.3.Keepquiet,please!They(have)alesson.

arehaving4.---Hi,LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.---Oh,I(get)readyfortheexam.wasgetting5.Tom(go)tobedearly，buthisbrotherdoesn’t.6.Listen!Jim

’sradio(make)aloudnoise.Wouldyoupleasetellhimtoturnitdown?goesismaking二观上下文联系三找隐含条件1一般现在时的用法1）经常性或习惯性的动作1.I______ping-pongqui

tewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play1一般现在时的用法2）客观真理，客

观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.i

sservingB.servesC.isservedD.served1一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.

4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.2一般过去时的用法1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）c

offeeonthecarpet.（地毯）----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocol

atesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----W

asMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave2一般过去时的用法2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去

时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）②Iwaswritingaletterthismornin

g.今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）1.----HasTommyfinishedhisjobyet?----Ihavenoideaofit;he____itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD

.did2.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell3.一般将来时1

.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2.表示将来时的四种形式①will/shall+动词原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo①begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时

决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto---Alice,whyd

idn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did②begoingto可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclo

uds!It’sgoingtorain.3.beto和begoingto①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。②betodo安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtopl

ayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.4．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，wh

en此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词构成句型：…beabouttodo…when….Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中

安排好的。Theplaneleavestomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow,但没有will,begoingto)（2）某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,tak

e”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFloria.I______mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavebeen4.现在进行时1

．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecreta

rycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willc

hange③----Annworksveryhard.----Infact.Ithinkshe______now.A.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstud5.过去进行时1．表

示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Idon’tnot

icingC.Ihaven’tnoticingD.Iwasn’tnoticing2.-----Hey,whatdidIsay?-----I_________.A.I’mnotlisteningB.IwasnotlisteningC.Idon’tlistenedD.Ididn’tlisten3．在简

单句中有atthattime,then,thistimeyesterday/lastweek,at10o’clocklastnight等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.A.haswor

kedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked特别注意：与always连用，表示感情色彩。Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.6.现在完成时1．表示过去发生

的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.(Theycleanedtheclassroomandtheclassroomi

scleannow.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。Hehasn’tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen.②----WhendidhegotoAmerica?-----Oh,he______theresincehalfayeara

go.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was③Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasand____thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasle

ft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked④Collectingstampsasahobby____increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.A.becomesB.becameC.hasbecom

eD.hadbecome7.过去完成时1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。请记住：bytheendof+过去时间bethetime+从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）1.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensentto

hospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturning

D.hadreturned4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_____herkeyint

heofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome8.现在完成进行

时构成：have/hasbeendoing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?---Yes,that’whyI_____toworkbytrain.A.havebe

engoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone9.将来完成时：will/shall+havedone表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：bytheendof+将来时间的短语,byt

hetime+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback..10.一般将来进行时；willbedoing/shallbe

doing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?1.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontothe

problem.A.havefoundB.willbefoundC.willhavefoundD.arefinding2.Theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.would

lastD.haslasted1.Hesteppedintotheoffice,_____downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit2.Shesaidshe

wouldtelephonebutwe_____fromhersofar.A.haven’theardB.didn’thearC.hadn’theardD.won’thear3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm____forte

nminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was4.I’llgowithyouassoonasI____myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished5.Ifit_____tom

orrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_____up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growing

D.grew7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsag

o.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.8.—Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you

_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.had’tthought;weregoing9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_____threefo

reignlanguages,butI_____allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadsp

oken;haveforgotten10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbroke

ninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen11.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.isra

ining12.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes13.Thestudents_____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____in

theoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft14.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Noyet,therooms____

_,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting15.—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.

—Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened16.—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI_____here.A.wasB.ha

vebeenC.cameD.amcoming17.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.—Yes,Ataxi_____atallnecessary.A.

wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe18.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people_____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertabl

e20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto19.Tom_____intotheho

usewhennoone_____.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked20.ThelasttimeI_____Janeshe____cottonint

hefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking被动语态一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用

来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态（2）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）be+及物动词的过去分词can/may/must…+be+过去分词1)am/is/are+done

(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottot

ouchtheexhibits.(展品）AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothe

rnewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结

构其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotheras

soonasitarrived.Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋t

hat从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家

希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthen

ationalexam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动

词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当“动词

+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词h

ave,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintot

hebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。Themeetingistobeputofftill

Friday一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Tha

tsoundsveryreasonable.Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些与can’twon’t等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。Theboxcan’tmove.Thedoorwon’ts

hut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.

这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoesn’tcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。Thenoveliswor

threading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwatering.Childrenwa

ntlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB

．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelope

dC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetold

C．I'mtoldD．ItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andb

urnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth

.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB

.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;haveb

eensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-

--Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.

isbuilding11.---Doyoulikethecloth?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____C

hinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’t

droptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynotice

dthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedoffD.gooutBCAC16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith

.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toread

B.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.

tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.H

avingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB