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初中英语语法之动词的时态、语态动词的时态、语态动词的时态一般现在时&一般将来时一般现在时考点一：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often，usually，always，sometimes，everyday等连用或根据上下文语境判断。考点二：表示现在的情况或状态。考点三：表示按照时刻表要

发生的事情。考点四：可表示客观事实或永恒的真理。考点五：如果主句为一般将来时，在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。一般将来时考点一：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next

time，inafewdays，nextTuesday，inthefuture，in+时间段，soon，rightaway等连用或根据上下文语境判断，其结构为“will+动词原形”。考点二：“begoingto+动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或安排、打算，或有

某种迹象表明即将发生某事。考点三：其他可表示将来的时态：1.现在进行时可表示计划或准备要做的事，且已经做好了准备；2.一般现在时可表示按计划要发生的事。如：HeisflyingtoLondontomorrow.ThetrainfromBeijingarrivesat6:35a.m.【

考例链接】单项选择()1.Sam_______withhisfriendseveryweekend.A.skatesB.isskatingC.hasskatedD.wasskating()2.—I’mgettingh

ungry.Doyouknowwherewecangetsomegoodfood?—Ofcourse!There_______arestaurantaroundthecorner.A.willbeB.wasC.is()3.S

usanandhersister_______somephotosintheparkthedayaftertomorrow.A.takeB.tookC.willtake()4.—YourfatherhasgonetoShenzhenonbusiness,h

asn’the?—Yes.Andhe_______intwoweeks.A.willreturnB.hasreturnedC.returnedD.returns()5.Nextweek,eachstude

ntintheclass_______asmallgiftfromtheirteachers.A.receivesB.receivedC.willreceiveD.hasreceived()6.—Accordingtothetime

table,thetrain_______at8:27.—Don’tworry.Wecanmakeit.A.leavesB.isleavingC.isgoingtoleave()7.—Whatisyour

planfornextweekend,Lingling?—I_______volunteerworkinthemuseum.A.wasdoingB.didC.havedoneD.amgoingtodo

现在进行时&过去进行时现在进行时考点一：表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事，常与now，atthemoment，Look!，Listen!，Bequiet!，Hurryup!等连用或根据上下文语境判断。考点二：表示现阶段或一段时间内正在发生的事，常与thesedays，allthemor

ning等连用。过去进行时考点一：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常与atthattime，atthistimeyesterday，then，allmorningyesterday等时间状语

或由when，while引导的时间状语从句连用或根据上下文语境判断。考点二：由when引导的时间状语从句，若主句的动作正在进行，这时从句的动作发生了，则主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。考点三：由while引导的时间状语从句，当从句的动作正在进行，这时主句的动作发生了，则从句用过去进

行时，主句用一般过去时。若主从句的动作在过去同时进行，则主从句均用过去进行时。【考例链接】单项选择()1.Amon_______hisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfishcameoutofthesea.A.w

illsailB.issailingC.wassailingD.hassailed()2.Whilethelights_______tored,acarsuddenlyappearedaroundthecorner.A.ch

angeB.havechangedC.werechangingD.willchange()3.—Wereyouathomeat9o’clocklastnight?—Yes,I_______ashoweratthattime.A.tookB.wa

stakingC.wastakenD.amtaking()4.StudentsinGradeNine_______amathsexamatthistimeyesterday.A.takeB.areta

kingC.weretakingD.havetaken()5.Sorry,Ididn’tseeyou,becauseI_______apicture.A.drawB.drewC.wasdrawingD.

havedrawn()6.Listen!Thebirds_______inthetreesoutsideourhotel.A.singB.aresingingC.sangD.weresinging()7.—Linda,Dadhasfinishedhisworkandwe__

_____tothegymtopickyouup.—Thankyou,Mum.A.driveB.droveC.havedrivenD.aredriving()8.—Tom,what’syourdaddoing?—He_______mybike.A.

repairsB.willrepairC.hasrepairedD.isrepairing一般过去时&现在完成时一般过去时考点一：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与thedaybeforeyesterday，yesterday，anhourago，lastweek，justnow

，in2016等连用或根据上下文语境判断。考点二：表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作，句中常有always，often，usually等频度副词。如：Shewasoftennervouswhenfacingthecameraasachild.现在完成时

(have/hasdone)考点一：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，just，yet，ever，never，before，sofar，recently，inthepast/last...years/months等连用或根据上下文语境判断。考点二

：表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，该用法常适用于延续性动词，常与for+时间段或since+时间点或since引导的时间状语从句连用。考点三：一些短暂性动词转换成意义相

近的延续性动词或be+形容词/副词/介词短语/a(n)+名词，与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：buy→haveborrow→keepmove→livedie→bedeadopen→beopenclose→beclosedfallasleep→beasleepleave→beawayco

me→bein/atbegin/start(电影等开始)→beonjoin→bein+组织/beamemberin+组织marry→bemarried考点四：have/hasbeento表示“到过某地(现在已经回来了)”，句中常有表示次数的词语

once，twice，threetimes等；have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了(但还没有回来)”。【考例链接】单项选择()1.Meltingice(融冰)cancausesealevelstorise.Since1993,sealevels_______ata

speedof3.2cmevery10years.A.roseB.haverisenC.rise()2.—Wendy,howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro?—Acoupleofdays.I____

___itlastweek.A.boughtB.buyC.willbuyD.havebought()3.Hehasn’tcommunicatedmuchwithhisparentssincehe_______amobilephonelastyear.A.gotB.getC.get

s()4.He_______hisEnglishteacherwhenhewassightseeinginParis.A.hasmetB.hadmetC.metD.wouldmeet()5.Iatesomefruit,whichI

_______sinceIwasachild,andthevegetablesfrommygarden.A.haveenjoyedB.enjoyedC.enjoyD.hadenjoyed()6.—Thisisareallyoldbike.—

Yes,I_______itforsevenyears.A.havehadB.haveboughtC.bought()7.TheshopinWandaSquare_______forsixyears,butI_______theresofar.A.hasopened;haven’t

goneB.hasbeenopen;haven’tbeenC.hasbeenopen;haven’tgoneD.hasbeenopened;haven’tbeen()8.—WhereisMr.Green?—He__

_____thebookshop.Youhavetowaitforhim.A.wasgoingtoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeento动词的语态动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。考点一：被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成(

注意：以下用done表示及物动词的过去分词)，be有人称、数和时态的变化。温馨提示：《义务教育英语课程标准》要求掌握的被动语态有一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+done)，一般过去时的被动语态(was/we

re+done)和一般将来时的被动语态(willbe+done)。现在完成时的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态对学有余力的同学来说也应了解，其构成分别为“have/has+been+done”和“情态动词+be+done”。考点二

：使役动词(如make，let等)及感官动词(如hear，feel，watch，see等)，在主动语态句子中后面接不带to的动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语，在被动语态句子中后面要接带to的动词不定式(短语)作主语补足语。考点三：含有双宾语的主动语态句子变为被动语态句子时，如果

直接宾语作句子的主语，那么间接宾语前需要加介词to或for。考点四：被动语态用在一些固定句型中，如：Itissaidthat...(据说……)Itisbelievedthat...(据信……)Itiswellknownthat...

(大家知道……)Itissupposedthat...(据推测……)考点五：有些词用主动语态表示被动意义。如：Theclothwasheswell.这布很耐洗。Thepoemreadswell.这首诗读起来顺口。【考例链接】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Manyteachersfromciti

es_______tothewestprovincesofourcountrytohelpthepoorstudentstherenextyear.A.willsendB.aresentC.willbesent()2.—I’mtiredofcleaningthehouse.—Swee

pingrobots_______moreandmorewidelytoday.Whynotbuyone?A.areusedB.wereusedC.areusingD.used()3.Asweknow,printing_______duringth

eSuiandTangDynastiesinChina.A.inventedB.isinventedC.wasinvented()4.Lookattheflowersonbothsidesofthestree

ts.They_______lastmonth.A.wereplantedB.areplantedC.areplantingD.wereplanting()5.—Tomisalwayscarelesswithhisschoolwork.Couldyouhelphim?—No

problem!Ithinkhe_______tothinktwicebeforestarting.A.shouldbetoldB.shouldn’tbetoldC.shouldtell()6.—Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme

afterlunch?—I’dloveto,butI_______togooutthisafternoon.A.don’tallowB.willallowC.won’tbeallowed()7.TheticketsforT

heWanderingEarth_______well,andtheywill_______soon.A.aresold;selloutB.aresold;soldoutC.sell;besoldout()8.—Dr.BethunehelpedalotofChi

neseinthe1930s;heisagreatinternationalsoldier.—Iknow,sohe_______still_______inbothChinaandCanadanow.A.has;rememberedB.is;rememberedC

.will;rememberD.is;remembering()9.Manyoldtreesandhouses_______bytheterriblerainstormlastnight.A.arepulleddownB.werepulleddo

wnC.willbepulleddownⅡ.将下列句子改为被动语态1.The13-year-oldone-armedbasketballplayerattractedalotoffans.Alotoffans______________bythe13-year-old

one-armedbasketballplayer.(2020上海)2.Wewillsolvetheproblemintwoweeks.Theproblemwill______________byusintwow

eeks.综合训练Ⅰ.单项选择()1.—Lindahas_______toParis.HowcanIgetintouchwithher?—Don’tworry.Shewillcallyouassoonasshe_______there.A

.been;willgetB.been;getsC.gone;willgetD.gone;gets()2.NationalDaycelebrationsforChina’sseventiethbirthday_______inaboutthreemonths.A.w

illbeheldB.willholdC.isheldD.washeld()3.—Alex,whydidn’tyouanswermycallatninelastnight?—Sorry,I_______mymobilep

honeathome.I_______basketballintheparkwithmyfriends.A.forgot;playedB.forgot;wasplayingC.left;playedD.left;wasp

laying()4.—Jeff,couldyoutellmeifit_______tomorrow?Ifit_______tomorrow,Iwillstayathome.—It’sreportedthatitwillbesunny,let’sgocamping

ontheFenghuangmountain.A.rain;rainB.rains;rainsC.willrain;rainsD.willrain;willrain()5.—MayIspeaktoMrs.Smith?—Sorry,she_______theclothes.A.iswashing

B.washesC.wash()6.—Hurryup!—Onemoment.I_______mye-mailsandthenI’mreadytogo.A.readB.amreadingC.wasreadingD.haveread()7.—I’veneve

rseenMr.Taylorbefore.—Don’tworry.I_______himtoyoubeforethemeeting.A.willintroduceB.introducedC.haveintroducedD.hadintroduced()8.—Icalledyoula

stnight,butnobodyanswered.Wherewereyouthen?—Oh,I_______mypetdoginmyyard.A.walkedB.waswalkingC.amwalkingD

.willwalk()9.Bequiet!Thestudents_______anEnglishexam.A.takeB.aretakingC.willtake()10.MyEnglishteachertoo

kaphotoofmewhileI_______atthesportsmeeting.A.runB.wasrunningC.ran()11.—Haveyouever_______theTerracottaAr

myinXi’an?—Yes,Iwenttherelastyear.A.gonetoB.beentoC.beenin()12.Tomsaidhe_______basketballwithhisclassmatesfrom4:00to6:00yesterd

ayafternoon.A.isplayedB.wasplayingC.playsD.hadplayed()13.—Look!Mymother_______anewdressforme.—Wow,itlooksve

ryniceonyou.A.ismakingB.hasmadeC.willmake()14.Whenwe_______buildingtheSubwayLine3,itwillbeeasiertotravelaroundthecity.A.finishB.finish

edC.willfinish()15.She’sbroughtyousomeeggs.Asyouknow,she_______chickens.A.keepsB.willkeepC.haskeptD.kept()16.Inthenearfuture,there_______self-

drivingcarsinourcity.A.isB.wasC.areD.willbe()17.It_______.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.A.rainsB.israiningC.raine

dD.wasraining()18.He_______mehisname,butIcan’trememberitnow.A.tellsB.willtellC.toldD.istelling()19.—Mary,Irememberyou___

____severalyearsago.—Yes,I_______for3years.A.married,havemarriedB.married,marriedC.married,havebeenmarriedD.havemarried,havebeenmarried()20.—______

_youever_______HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge?—Notyet.A.Did;visitB.Are;visitC.Have;visited()21.I_______abroadforseveralyears,butIhavenever

regrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktomymotherland.A.amlivingB.livedC.havelived()22.—Myfeelingsforyouhavenotchanged.—B

utyouhavechanged.Youarenotasyou_______.A.areB.wereC.willbeD.havebeen()23.TheChinaInternationalSearchandRescueTeamhasbroughth

elpandhopetopeopleindisastersaroundtheworldsinceit_______18yearsago.A.setupB.issetupC.wassetupD.willbe

setup()24.InChineseculture,childrenbornintheYearoftheMonkey_______tobesmart.A.sayB.saidC.willbesaidD.aresaid()

25.—Wherewillthe2022WinterOlympics_______,Cindy?—InBeijing,thecapitalofChina,thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympics.A.betakenp

laceB.takeplaceC.takepartD.betakenpartⅡ.根据括号内的提示填空1.AsIwastryingtofindmywayout,Isuddenly_______somenoise.(

hear)2.Inordertoliveinabetterplace,thenaturalenvironmentmustbe_______byallthepeople.(protect)3.Thisnovelisveryinteresting.Mybrother_

______(read)itthreetimes.4.Thestorybookcan_______(nottake)outofthereadingroom.5.Someoftheworld’sgreatestbooks_______(write)

longago.6.IwaswatchingTVwhilemyparents_______(chat)ontheWeChat.7.Rubbish_______(separate)intogroupsinmanyothercitiesnow,followingthepractice

inShanghai.8.Anewbigpark_______(build)inourcitynextyear.9.Theelectriclightwas_______(发明)byEdison(爱迪生).10.In

ancienttimes,foodwas_______(存储)upforwinter.11.Ourschoolisgoingto_______(修建)anewlibrarynextmonth.Ⅲ.选词语填空dream,shine,giveout,w

in,hold1.Theboy_______highpraiseforhiseffortstohelphisclassmateslastterm.2.Happiness_______inthedoctor’seyeseverytimeshes

eesapatientgetwell.3.Aclassicalconcert_______onlinenextmonth.4.Someclimbers_______ofgettingtothetopofMountQomolangmaforalongtime.5.Lucy

_______thenewbookswhenIenteredtheclassroom.图片参考答案动词的时态一般现在时&一般将来时1-5ACCAC6-7AD现在进行时&过去进行时1-5CCBCC6-8BDD一般

过去时&现在完成时1-5BAACA6-8ABB动词的语态Ⅰ.1-5CACAA6-9CCBBⅡ.1.wereattracted2.besolved综合训练Ⅰ.1-5DADCA6-10BABBB11-15BBBAA16-2

0DBCCC21-25BBCDBⅡ.1.heard2.protected3.hasread4.notbetaken5.werewritten6.werechatting7.isseparated8.willbebuilt9.invented10.st

ored11.buildⅢ.1.won2.shines3.willbeheld4.havedreamed5.wasgivingout