【文档说明】计算机英语(第二版)chapter13Internet课件.ppt，共(48)页，1.266 MB，由小橙橙上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-5266.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

ComputerScienceinEnglishDesignedandProgrammedByJiangTongqiangMiaoTianshunTeachingAssistedCoursewareComputerScienceinEnglishII.Grammat

icalNotestotheTextIII.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesoftheChapterI.Pre-readingQuestionsChapter13InternetII.GrammaticalNot

estotheTextIII.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesoftheChapterI.Pre-readingQuestionsChapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions1.WhataredomainandDNS?2.Howmanyservice

sareprovidedbytheInternet?Nameeachofthem.3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,andexplainthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.WhataredomainandDNS

?ReferenceKey:Domainnamestellthecomputerwheretolookfortheserverofthewebsite.Domainnamescanrefertospecificcomputers,

organizations,companies,orotherentities.Eachdomainisnamedbythewayupwardfromittothe(unnamed)root.TheessenceofDNS(DomainNameSystem)istheinventionofahi

erarchical,domain-basednamingschemeandadistributeddatabasesystemforimplementingthisnamingscheme.Itisprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesan

de-maildestinationstoIPaddressesbutcanalsobeusedforotherpurposes.DNSisdefinedinRFCs1034and1035.Chapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions2.Howmanyservicesare

providedbytheInternet?Nameeachofthem.ReferenceKey:WWW(WorldWideWeb),E-mail,FTP(FileTransferProtocol),T

elnetChapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,andexplainthedifferencesbetweenthem.ReferenceKey:

Referstoconnectingadevicetoanetworkviaamodemandapublictelephonenetwork,dial-upaccessisreallyjustlikeaphoneconnection,exce

ptthatthepartiesatthetwoendsarecomputerdevicesratherthanpeople.Becausedial-upaccessusesnormaltelephonelines,thequalityoftheconne

ctionisnotalwaysgoodanddataratesarelimited.Inthepast,themaximumdataratewithdial-upaccesswasonly56Kbps(56000bitspersecond).Chapter13

I.Pre-readingQuestions3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,andexplainthedifferencesbetweenthem.DigitalSu

bscriberLine,orDSL,isamethodofaccessingtheinternetviatelephonelines.Itdiffersfromdial-upaccessinthatitmakesuseofaspecialfrequ

encyspectrumwhichallowsbothdigitalinformationandtelephoneservicestorunthroughthesamecable.Itisalsoagooddealfasterthandial-upInternet,theor

eticallyprocessingupwardsof10megabitspersecond,incontrasttodial-up’ssluggish56kilobits(orroughlyfivepercentofamegabit)

.InfactsuchextremelyfastspeedsarerarelyobtainedbyDSLservicesbecausemostphonecompaniesinstallartificial“speedcaps”toimposeaunivers

allevelofserviceontheirlines.However,evenaslower-pacedDSLconnectioncanmakeforeasyandresponsivewebnavigation.本句是一个并列句。连词and连接两个句子：Anetworkisaco

llectionofcomputers和theInternetisanetworkofnetworks。句中的that引导定语从句修饰computers，连接副词so引导状语从句，表示thatareconnectedtogether的目的。1.Anetworkisacollectio

nofcomputersthatareconnectedtogethersotheycanshareinformation,andtheInternetisanetworkofnetworks.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText句首的不定式tomakeiteasier做目的

状语，其中的it是形式宾语，其内容由不定式forsbtoremember表达出来。主句的谓语有短语beexpressed…as(被表述为)。句末的above是形容词，作后置定语，修饰介词短语liketheone中的代词one。2.Tomakeiteasierforushumanstoremem

ber,IPaddressesarenormallyexpressedindecimalformatasa“dotteddecimalnumber”liketheoneabove.II.Grammatical

NotestotheText该句第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰alocalDNSserver。第二个which引导的非限制性定语从句则修饰theresolver。3.Theresolverse

ndsaUDPpackertoalocalDNSserver,whichthenlooksupthenameandreturnstheIPaddresstotheresolver,whichthenreturnsittothecaller.II.G

rammaticalNotestotheTextafterestablishingtheTCPconnectiontoport25为该句的时间状语，相当于一个由after引导的时间状语从句。现在分词短语operatingastheclient修饰thesendingm

achine,operatingastheserver则修饰thereceivingmachine。4.AfterestablishingtheTCPconnectiontoport25,thesendingmachine,operatingastheclient,waitsfor

thereceivingmachine,operatingastheserver,totalkfirst.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText限制性定语从句thatsupportstheInternet修饰该句主语thesoftware。限制性定语从

句uponwhicheverythingelse修饰technicalservices。5.ThesoftwarethatsupportstheInternetprovidesalargenumberoftechnicalservicesuponwhicheveryt

hingelseisbuilt.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText现在分词结构作状语，表结果。限制性定语从句doneedtotalkabout修饰fourimportantInternetservices，其中在实义动词need前加上助动词do表示强调，强调动作talkabo

ut。6.Nevertheless,therearefourimportantInternetserviceswedoneedtotalkabout.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText本句

中的which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰mailbox。连接副词until引导的状语从句表示时间。7.There,itwillbestoredintherecipient’s“mailbox,”whichisdeterminedbyh

isorherusername,untilheorshepicksitup.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText本句的主体结构如下：theproblemisthat。句中第一个that是代词，做表语，其后的theyamplifytheentiresignal是表语的同位语

，表示that的内容。第二个that引导的定语从句theyreceive，修饰signal。8.Theproblemwithrepeatersisthattheyamplifytheentiresignalthattheyreceive,includinganylinenoise

.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText本句是一个强调句型：Itis…that…。介词短语bylearningwhichMACaddressesareliveonthenetwork是该句的强调成分，充当句中的状语。which引导

的从句作动词learn的宾语(从句)。该句的主体结构可变换成：thebridgeisabletocontroltrafficandkeepitfromspreading。其中isableto和keep作为该句的并列谓语。句中的第二个和第三个that分别引导定语从

句修饰traffic和segment。9.ItisbylearningwhichMACaddressesareliveonthenetworkthatthebridgeisabletocontroltrafficthatisloca

ltoaparticularsegmentandkeepitfromspreadingtoothernetworksegmentsthatarebeingservicedbyanotherbridgeswitch.II.Grammatical

NotestotheText该句是个复合句，主句是itdiffers。连接副词inthat引导出状语从句itmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrum。连词which引导定语从句修饰spectrum。inthat意思是“由于，因为”。10.Itdiff

ersfromdial-upaccessinthatitmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrumwhichallowsbothdigitalinformationandtelephoneservicestorunthroughthesamecable.II.G

rammaticalNotestotheTextadminister[Ed5ministE]v.管理，执行influential[7influ5enFEl]adj.有影响的，有势unique[ju:5ni:k]adj.唯一的，独特的respec

tively[ri5spektivli]adv.分别地，各个地octet[Ck5tet]n.八位位组,八位字节(=byte)troubleshooting[5trQbl5Fu:tiN]n.问题解答identifier[ai5dentifai

E]n.标识符uniform[5ju:nifC:m]adj.统一的，一致的insensitive[in5sensitiv]adj.感觉迟钝的undeliverable[5Qndi5livErEbl]adj.无法送达的trigger[5tri^E]vt.引起，触发beneficia

l[beni5fiFEl]adj.有益的，受益的III.WordsBanktotheTextaxon[5AksCn]n.轴突nutshell[5nQtFel]n.坚果壳regenerate[ri5dVenErit]vt.使新生，重建integrit

y[in5te^riti]n.完整，完整性amplify[5Amplifai]vt.放大，增强discernable[di`s\:nEbl]adj.可辨别的，可认识的twist[twist]v.扭曲，缠绕outgrow[aut

5^rEu]vt.过大而不适于conserve[kEn5sE:v]vt.保存，保藏overwhelming[7EuvE5welmiN]adj.压倒性的dedicated[5dedikeitid]adj.专

用的filtration[fil5treiFEn]n.过滤，筛选III.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesComprehensionI.FillingBlanksVocabularyII.TrueorFa

lseIII.MatchingTermsSummaryVII.Cloze(SummarizingtheText)VIII.TranslatingSentencesCollocationIV.AnsweringQuestionsV.Selecting

WordsVI.ConceptualPhrasesTranslation1.Internetisaworldwide_________andinterconnectedcomputernetwork.2.DNSi

sprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesande-maildestinationsto______.3.OntheInternet,thewordaddressalwaysreferstoan________ad

dress,notapostaladdress.1.Opening2.IPaddresses3.electronicIV.Exercises—ComprehensionI.Fillinthefollowingblanks.4.SMTP

isasimple________protocol.5.______isthestandardWebtransferprotocol.4.ASCII5.HTTPIV.Exercises—ComprehensionI.Fillinthefollowingblanks.1.The

HTTPprotocolconsistsoftwofairlydistinctitems.2.SMTPisasimpleASCIIprotocol.3.TelnetisanInternetstandardthatallo

wsyoutoconnecttoanothercomputer(host)ontheInternetandtologontothatcomputerasifyouwereonaterminalinthenextroom.4.DigitalSubscriberLinediffersfromdial

-upaccessinthatitmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrumwhichallowsbothdigitalinformationandtelephoneserv

icestorunthroughthesamecable.5.Therouterusedincomputernetworkingisaninternetworkingdeviceusedtohelpconservetheban

dwidthonthenetwork.1.T2.T3.T4.T5.FIV.Exercises—ComprehensionII.TrueorFalse.1.T2.T3.T4.T5.F(A)hub(B)swit

ch(C)routerIV.Exercises—ComprehensionIII.Matchingtheterms._______Aninternetworkdevicethatorganizesyourcablesandrel

aydatasignalstoallcomputersthatexitstonyourLAN._______Aninternetworkdevicethatusedtomanagebandwidthonalargenetwork.Itcontrolshowdataflowsbyusingth

eMACaddressesthatareplacedoneachdatapacket._______Aninternetworkdevicethatconnectstotwoormorenetworksa

tcrossingpoints,decideswhichwaythepacketshouldsendto,andensurethatthepacketgetstoitsdestinationquicklyan

defficiently.1.A2.B3.C(1)WhatistheInternet?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(1)TheInternetisanetworkofnet

works.Itletsindividualsononenetworksharetheinformationwithusersonanothernetworkthatmaybethousandsmilesaway;(2)Wha

taretheusesoftheInternet?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(2)TheInternethasmanyuses.Forinstan

ce,youcanuseittosende-mailmessages,ortodownloadfiles,ortovievideoclips,ortolistentomusic.(3)Whataref

ourimportantservicesprovidedbytheInternet?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(3)Fourimportantser

vicesprovidedbytheInternet:themailservice,telnet,FTP,andthegeneralclient/severfacility.(4)WhatistheessenceofDNS?IV.Exercises—Compre

hensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(4)TheessenceofDNSistheinventionofahierarchical,domain–basednamingschemeandadistributeddatabasesystemforimpl

ementingthisnamingscheme.ItisprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesandemaildestinationstoIPaddressesbutcanalsobeusedfo

rotherpurposes.V.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelycons

erveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential1.Goodcommunicationskillhelpshimtohavefriends.influentialV.Fillin

theblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcom

prehendinfiniteinfluential2.Theyeachexcelintheir_________fields.respectiveV.Fillintheblankswiththew

ordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential3.A

llflowingwater,thoughitappearstobe_________,isactuallydividedintoextensiveinnersurfaces,orlayers,movingagainstoneanother.uniformV.Fillinth

eblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboos

tuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential4.Separatistmovementsareathreattothe_________ofthenation.integri

tyV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostunifor

mcomprehendinfiniteinfluential5.Themoveisdesignedto_________salesduringthepeakbookingmonthsofJanuaryandFebruary.b

oostV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespecti

velyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential6.Heranxietyabouttheworldwas_________herpersonalfearsaboutherfuture.amp

lifyingV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespe

ctivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential7.Therepublic'sfactorieshaveclosedfortheweekendto____

_____energy.conserveV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyco

nserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential8.Icannot_________howyoucouldhavebeensostupid.comprehendIV.Exercises—CollocationV.L

ookatthefollowingsentencetakenfromyourreadingpassage.Justthinkaboutwhatelseyoucan“identify”andfillinthesentenceswiththerightwords.e.g

.IPaddresseswithafirstoctetfrom1to126arepartofthisclass.Theotherthreeoctetsareusedtoidentifyeachhost.I

V.Exercises—Collocation2.Havingidentifiedthepr______,thequestionarisesofhowtoovercomeit.oblem1.Scientistsclaimt

ohaveidentifiedch______producedbycertainplantswhichhavepowerfulcancer-combatingproperties.emicalsIV.Exercises—Collocation4.Theyoungmantriedtoidentif

yherpe________.rfume3.Canyouidentifyyourum_________amongthislot?brellaIV.Exercises—Collocation6.Thelocalpoliceauthoritieshavealread

yidentifiedaround10murdersu______.spects5.Hewasconfidentenoughtoidentifybe________withgoodness.autyIV.Exercises—SummaryVII.Choos

ethebestoneofthefouranswersgiventofillineachblank.Internetisaworldwideandopeninginterconnectedcomputernetwor

k.Itisaspecialnetwork,1whichuserscanadministerthemselves.InternetisbasedonTCP/IP2.Itcanprovidevariousinformationresourcesandma

nynetworkservicesfornetwork3.IV.Exercises—SummaryIntranetisthegeneric4foracollectionofprivatecomputernetworkswithinanorga

nization.Anintranetusesnetworktechnologiesasatooltofacilitatecommunication5peopleorworkgroupstoimprovethedata6capabilityandoverallknowledgebaseo

fanorganization’semployees.IV.Exercises—SummaryAnExtranetisactuallyanIntranetthatispartially7toauthorizedoutsiders.Intranetnetworkisconn

ectedtothe8,ifitallowsaccess9theInternet,willbeanExtranet.Theactualserverwillresidebehindafirewall.T

hefirewallhelpstocontrolaccessbetweentheIntranetandInternet10accesstotheIntranetonlytopeoplewhoaresuitablyauthorized.IV.Exercises—Sum

mary1.A.onB.inC.forD.with2.A.agreementB.serialC.taskD.protocol3.A.customersB.consumersC.computersD.users

4.A.wordB.conceptC.termD.name5.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.at6.A.shareB.sharingC.sharedD.toshare7.A.accessibleB.accessC.accessiblyD.assess8.A.intran

etB.extranetC.internetD.wannet9.A.fromB.intoC.toD.by10.A.topermitB.permitC.permittedD.permitting1.A2.D3.D4.C5.B6.B7.A8.C9.A10.D1.T

heARPAnetwasdesignedsothatevenifpartofitsphysicalstructureweredestroyed,informationcouldstillbesenttoanyremainingdes

tination.ARPAnet网络设计的目的是，即使网络的某一具体部分遭到破坏，信息仍能够传递到任一个残存的目标点。VIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation2.Toma

panameontoanIPaddress,anapplicationprogramcallsalibraryprocedurecalledtheresolver,passingitthenameasaparameter.为了把一个名字映射为一个IP地

址，应用程序调用一种名叫解析器(resolver)的库过程，参数为名字。VIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation3.WithintheInternet,e

-mailisdeliveredbyhavingthesourcemachineestablishaTCPconnectiontoport25ofthedestinationmachine.在因特网中，通过在源机器和目的机

器的第25号端口之间建立TCP连接来传递电子邮件。VIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation4.Anintranetus

esnetworktechnologiesasatooltofacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleorworkgroupstoimprovethedatasharingcapabilityandoverallkn

owledgebaseofanorganization’semployees.企业内部把网络技术作为一种工具方便了人或工作组的沟通，以提高数据共享能力，以及一个组织雇员的整体知识基础。VIII.Translatethefollowi

ngintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation5.Anorganization’sintranettypicallyincludesInternetaccessbutisfirewal

ledsothatitscomputerscannotbereacheddirectlyfromtheoutside.一个机构的内部网常常与互联网连接，但是被防火墙隔断，目的是阻断外部直接访问内部电脑。EndVIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV

.Exercises—Translation