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ComputerScienceinEnglishDesignedandProgrammedByJiangTongqiangMiaoTianshunTeachingAssistedCoursewareComputerSciencei

nEnglishII.GrammaticalNotestotheTextIII.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesoftheChapterI.Pre-readingQuestionsChapter13InternetII.GrammaticalNotestot

heTextIII.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesoftheChapterI.Pre-readingQuestionsChapter13I.Pre-readingQuestion

s1.WhataredomainandDNS?2.HowmanyservicesareprovidedbytheInternet?Nameeachofthem.3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,and

explainthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.WhataredomainandDNS?ReferenceKey:Domainnamestellthecomputerwheretolookfortheserverofthewebs

ite.Domainnamescanrefertospecificcomputers,organizations,companies,orotherentities.Eachdomainisnamedbythewayupwardfromittothe(unnamed)root

.TheessenceofDNS(DomainNameSystem)istheinventionofahierarchical,domain-basednamingschemeandadistributeddatabasesystemforimple

mentingthisnamingscheme.Itisprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesande-maildestinationstoIPaddressesbutcanalsobeusedforother

purposes.DNSisdefinedinRFCs1034and1035.Chapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions2.HowmanyservicesareprovidedbytheInternet?Nameeachofthe

m.ReferenceKey:WWW(WorldWideWeb),E-mail,FTP(FileTransferProtocol),TelnetChapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,an

dexplainthedifferencesbetweenthem.ReferenceKey:Referstoconnectingadevicetoanetworkviaamodemandapublictelephonenetwork,dial-upacces

sisreallyjustlikeaphoneconnection,exceptthatthepartiesatthetwoendsarecomputerdevicesratherthanpeople.Becausedial-upaccessusesnormaltelephonelin

es,thequalityoftheconnectionisnotalwaysgoodanddataratesarelimited.Inthepast,themaximumdataratewithdial-upaccesswasonly56Kb

ps(56000bitspersecond).Chapter13I.Pre-readingQuestions3.IdentifytwowaysaccessingtoInternet,andexplainthedifferencesbetweenthem.DigitalSubscrib

erLine,orDSL,isamethodofaccessingtheinternetviatelephonelines.Itdiffersfromdial-upaccessinthatitmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrumwhichallowsboth

digitalinformationandtelephoneservicestorunthroughthesamecable.Itisalsoagooddealfasterthandial-upInternet,

theoreticallyprocessingupwardsof10megabitspersecond,incontrasttodial-up’ssluggish56kilobits(orroughlyfivepercentofamegabit).Infactsuchextremelyfasts

peedsarerarelyobtainedbyDSLservicesbecausemostphonecompaniesinstallartificial“speedcaps”toimposeauniversallevelofservice

ontheirlines.However,evenaslower-pacedDSLconnectioncanmakeforeasyandresponsivewebnavigation.本句是一个并列句。连词and连接两个句子：Anetworkisacollecti

onofcomputers和theInternetisanetworkofnetworks。句中的that引导定语从句修饰computers，连接副词so引导状语从句，表示thatareconnectedtogether的目的。1.Ane

tworkisacollectionofcomputersthatareconnectedtogethersotheycanshareinformation,andtheInternetisanetworkofnetworks.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText句首的

不定式tomakeiteasier做目的状语，其中的it是形式宾语，其内容由不定式forsbtoremember表达出来。主句的谓语有短语beexpressed…as(被表述为)。句末的above是形容词，作后置定语，修饰介词短语liketheone中的代词one。2.Tomakeiteas

ierforushumanstoremember,IPaddressesarenormallyexpressedindecimalformatasa“dotteddecimalnumber”liketheoneabove.II.Gr

ammaticalNotestotheText该句第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰alocalDNSserver。第二个which引导的非限制性定语从句则修饰theresolver。3.Theresolverse

ndsaUDPpackertoalocalDNSserver,whichthenlooksupthenameandreturnstheIPaddresstotheresolver,whichthenreturnsittothecaller.I

I.GrammaticalNotestotheTextafterestablishingtheTCPconnectiontoport25为该句的时间状语，相当于一个由after引导的时间状语从句。现在分词短语opera

tingastheclient修饰thesendingmachine,operatingastheserver则修饰thereceivingmachine。4.AfterestablishingtheTCPconnectiontoport25,thesendingmachine,operati

ngastheclient,waitsforthereceivingmachine,operatingastheserver,totalkfirst.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText限制性定语从句thatsupp

ortstheInternet修饰该句主语thesoftware。限制性定语从句uponwhicheverythingelse修饰technicalservices。5.ThesoftwarethatsupportstheInternetprovidesalargen

umberoftechnicalservicesuponwhicheverythingelseisbuilt.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText现在分词结构作状语，表结果。限制性定语从句doneedtotalkabout修饰fourimportantInternetserv

ices，其中在实义动词need前加上助动词do表示强调，强调动作talkabout。6.Nevertheless,therearefourimportantInternetserviceswedoneedtotalkabout.II.GrammaticalNotestotheTe

xt本句中的which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰mailbox。连接副词until引导的状语从句表示时间。7.There,itwillbestoredintherecipient’s“mailbox,”whichisd

eterminedbyhisorherusername,untilheorshepicksitup.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText本句的主体结构如下：theproblemisthat。句中第一个that是代词，做表语，其后的theyamplifyt

heentiresignal是表语的同位语，表示that的内容。第二个that引导的定语从句theyreceive，修饰signal。8.Theproblemwithrepeatersisthattheyamp

lifytheentiresignalthattheyreceive,includinganylinenoise.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText本句是一个强调句型：Itis…that…。介词短语bylearningwhichMACadd

ressesareliveonthenetwork是该句的强调成分，充当句中的状语。which引导的从句作动词learn的宾语(从句)。该句的主体结构可变换成：thebridgeisabletocontro

ltrafficandkeepitfromspreading。其中isableto和keep作为该句的并列谓语。句中的第二个和第三个that分别引导定语从句修饰traffic和segment。9.ItisbylearningwhichM

ACaddressesareliveonthenetworkthatthebridgeisabletocontroltrafficthatislocaltoaparticularsegmentandkeepitfromspreadingt

oothernetworksegmentsthatarebeingservicedbyanotherbridgeswitch.II.GrammaticalNotestotheText该句是个复合句，主句是itdiffers。连接副词inthat引导出状语从句itmakesuseof

aspecialfrequencyspectrum。连词which引导定语从句修饰spectrum。inthat意思是“由于，因为”。10.Itdiffersfromdial-upaccessinthati

tmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrumwhichallowsbothdigitalinformationandtelephoneservicestorunthroughthesam

ecable.II.GrammaticalNotestotheTextadminister[Ed5ministE]v.管理，执行influential[7influ5enFEl]adj.有影响的，有势unique[ju:5ni:k]adj.唯一的，独特

的respectively[ri5spektivli]adv.分别地，各个地octet[Ck5tet]n.八位位组,八位字节(=byte)troubleshooting[5trQbl5Fu:tiN]n.问题解答identi

fier[ai5dentifaiE]n.标识符uniform[5ju:nifC:m]adj.统一的，一致的insensitive[in5sensitiv]adj.感觉迟钝的undeliverable[

5Qndi5livErEbl]adj.无法送达的trigger[5tri^E]vt.引起，触发beneficial[beni5fiFEl]adj.有益的，受益的III.WordsBanktotheTextaxon[5AksCn]n.轴突nutshell[5nQtFel]n.坚果壳regenerat

e[ri5dVenErit]vt.使新生，重建integrity[in5te^riti]n.完整，完整性amplify[5Amplifai]vt.放大，增强discernable[di`s\:nEbl]

adj.可辨别的，可认识的twist[twist]v.扭曲，缠绕outgrow[aut5^rEu]vt.过大而不适于conserve[kEn5sE:v]vt.保存，保藏overwhelming[7EuvE5welmiN]adj.压倒性的dedicated[5dedikeitid]adj

.专用的filtration[fil5treiFEn]n.过滤，筛选III.WordsBanktotheTextIV.ExercisesComprehensionI.FillingBlanksVocabularyII.TrueorF

alseIII.MatchingTermsSummaryVII.Cloze(SummarizingtheText)VIII.TranslatingSentencesCollocationIV.AnsweringQu

estionsV.SelectingWordsVI.ConceptualPhrasesTranslation1.Internetisaworldwide_________andinterconnectedcomputernetwork.2.DNSisprimarilyu

sedformappinghostnamesande-maildestinationsto______.3.OntheInternet,thewordaddressalwaysreferstoan________address,notapostaladdress.1

.Opening2.IPaddresses3.electronicIV.Exercises—ComprehensionI.Fillinthefollowingblanks.4.SMTPisasimple________protocol.5.______isthest

andardWebtransferprotocol.4.ASCII5.HTTPIV.Exercises—ComprehensionI.Fillinthefollowingblanks.1.TheHTTPprotocolconsistsoftwofa

irlydistinctitems.2.SMTPisasimpleASCIIprotocol.3.TelnetisanInternetstandardthatallowsyoutoconnecttoanotherco

mputer(host)ontheInternetandtologontothatcomputerasifyouwereonaterminalinthenextroom.4.DigitalSubscriberLinediffersfromdial-upaccessinth

atitmakesuseofaspecialfrequencyspectrumwhichallowsbothdigitalinformationandtelephoneservicestorunthroughth

esamecable.5.Therouterusedincomputernetworkingisaninternetworkingdeviceusedtohelpconservethebandwidthonthenetwork.1.T2.T3.

T4.T5.FIV.Exercises—ComprehensionII.TrueorFalse.1.T2.T3.T4.T5.F(A)hub(B)switch(C)routerIV.Exercises—Compre

hensionIII.Matchingtheterms._______AninternetworkdevicethatorganizesyourcablesandrelaydatasignalstoallcomputersthatexitstonyourLAN._______Aninte

rnetworkdevicethatusedtomanagebandwidthonalargenetwork.ItcontrolshowdataflowsbyusingtheMACaddressesthatareplace

doneachdatapacket._______Aninternetworkdevicethatconnectstotwoormorenetworksatcrossingpoints,decideswhichwaythepacketshoulds

endto,andensurethatthepacketgetstoitsdestinationquicklyandefficiently.1.A2.B3.C(1)WhatistheInternet?IV.Exercises—Com

prehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(1)TheInternetisanetworkofnetworks.Itletsindividualsononenetworksharetheinformationw

ithusersonanothernetworkthatmaybethousandsmilesaway;(2)WhataretheusesoftheInternet?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(2)TheIn

ternethasmanyuses.Forinstance,youcanuseittosende-mailmessages,ortodownloadfiles,ortovievideoclips,ortolistentomusic.(3)Whatarefourimportantservi

cesprovidedbytheInternet?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(3)FourimportantservicesprovidedbytheInterne

t:themailservice,telnet,FTP,andthegeneralclient/severfacility.(4)WhatistheessenceofDNS?IV.Exercises—ComprehensionIV.Answerthe

followingquestions.(4)TheessenceofDNSistheinventionofahierarchical,domain–basednamingschemeandadistributeddatabasesystemforimplementi

ngthisnamingscheme.ItisprimarilyusedformappinghostnamesandemaildestinationstoIPaddressesbutcanalsobeusedforotherpurposes.V.Fillintheblankswith

thewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfinitei

nfluential1.Goodcommunicationskillhelpshimtohavefriends.influentialV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheform

wherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential2.Theyeachexcelintheir

_________fields.respectiveV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivel

yconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential3.Allflowingwater,thoughitappearstobe_________,isactuallydividedintoextensiveinn

ersurfaces,orlayers,movingagainstoneanother.uniformV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformw

herenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential4.Separatistmovem

entsareathreattothe_________ofthenation.integrityV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.IV.Ex

ercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential5.Themoveisdesignedto_______

__salesduringthepeakbookingmonthsofJanuaryandFebruary.boostV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwh

erenecessary.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential6.Her

anxietyabouttheworldwas_________herpersonalfearsaboutherfuture.amplifyingV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary

.IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential7.Therepublic'sfactorieshaveclosedf

ortheweekendto_________energy.conserveV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

IV.Exercises—Vocabularyintegrityrespectivelyconserveamplifyboostuniformcomprehendinfiniteinfluential8.Icannot____

_____howyoucouldhavebeensostupid.comprehendIV.Exercises—CollocationV.Lookatthefollowingsentencetakenfromyourread

ingpassage.Justthinkaboutwhatelseyoucan“identify”andfillinthesentenceswiththerightwords.e.g.IPaddresseswithafirstoc

tetfrom1to126arepartofthisclass.Theotherthreeoctetsareusedtoidentifyeachhost.IV.Exercises—Collocation2.Havingidentifiedthepr______,

thequestionarisesofhowtoovercomeit.oblem1.Scientistsclaimtohaveidentifiedch______producedbycertainplantswhichhavepowerfulca

ncer-combatingproperties.emicalsIV.Exercises—Collocation4.Theyoungmantriedtoidentifyherpe________.rfume3.Canyouiden

tifyyourum_________amongthislot?brellaIV.Exercises—Collocation6.Thelocalpoliceauthoritieshavealreadyidentifiedaround10murdersu______.s

pects5.Hewasconfidentenoughtoidentifybe________withgoodness.autyIV.Exercises—SummaryVII.Choosethebestoneofthefo

uranswersgiventofillineachblank.Internetisaworldwideandopeninginterconnectedcomputernetwork.Itisaspecialnetwork,1whichusers

canadministerthemselves.InternetisbasedonTCP/IP2.Itcanprovidevariousinformationresourcesandmanynetworkservicesfornetwork3.IV.Exercises—Sum

maryIntranetisthegeneric4foracollectionofprivatecomputernetworkswithinanorganization.Anintranetusesnetworktechnologiesasatooltofacilitate

communication5peopleorworkgroupstoimprovethedata6capabilityandoverallknowledgebaseofanorganization’semployees.IV.Exercises—SummaryAnExtranetisac

tuallyanIntranetthatispartially7toauthorizedoutsiders.Intranetnetworkisconnectedtothe8,ifitallowsaccess9t

heInternet,willbeanExtranet.Theactualserverwillresidebehindafirewall.ThefirewallhelpstocontrolaccessbetweentheIntranetandInternet10accesst

otheIntranetonlytopeoplewhoaresuitablyauthorized.IV.Exercises—Summary1.A.onB.inC.forD.with2.A.agreementB.seria

lC.taskD.protocol3.A.customersB.consumersC.computersD.users4.A.wordB.conceptC.termD.name5.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.at6.

A.shareB.sharingC.sharedD.toshare7.A.accessibleB.accessC.accessiblyD.assess8.A.intranetB.extranetC.internetD.wan

net9.A.fromB.intoC.toD.by10.A.topermitB.permitC.permittedD.permitting1.A2.D3.D4.C5.B6.B7.A8.C9.A10.D1.TheARPAnetwasdesignedsothatevenifpartofit

sphysicalstructureweredestroyed,informationcouldstillbesenttoanyremainingdestination.ARPAnet网络设计的目的是，即使

网络的某一具体部分遭到破坏，信息仍能够传递到任一个残存的目标点。VIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation2.TomapanameontoanIPaddress,anapplicat

ionprogramcallsalibraryprocedurecalledtheresolver,passingitthenameasaparameter.为了把一个名字映射为一个IP地址，应用程序调用一种名叫解析器(resolver)的库过程，参数

为名字。VIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation3.WithintheInternet,e-mailisdelivered

byhavingthesourcemachineestablishaTCPconnectiontoport25ofthedestinationmachine.在因特网中，通过在源机器和目的机器的第25号端口之间建立TCP连接来传递电子邮件。VIII.Translate

thefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation4.Anintranetusesnetworktechnologiesasatooltofacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleorworkgroupstoimprove

thedatasharingcapabilityandoverallknowledgebaseofanorganization’semployees.企业内部把网络技术作为一种工具方便了人或工作组的沟通，以提高数据共享能力，以及一个组织雇员的整体知识基础。VIII.Translat

ethefollowingintoEnglish.IV.Exercises—Translation5.Anorganization’sintranettypicallyincludesInternetaccessbutisfirewalledsothatitscompute

rscannotbereacheddirectlyfromtheoutside.一个机构的内部网常常与互联网连接，但是被防火墙隔断，目的是阻断外部直接访问内部电脑。EndVIII.TranslatethefollowingintoEngli

sh.IV.Exercises—Translation