【文档说明】语言学认知语言学What_Is_Cognitive_Linguistics课件.ppt，共(19)页，308.234 KB，由小橙橙上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-44696.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

LanguageandCognitionCognitiveLinguistics主讲人：WhatIsCognitiveLinguistics?Cognitivelinguisticsisanewlyestablished

approachtothestudyoflanguagethatemergedinthe1970s.Itisbasedonhumanexperiencesoftheworldandthewaytheyperceiveandconceptualizet

heworld.MainPointsinCognitiveLinguisticsConstrualandConstrualOperationsCategorizationImageSchemasMetaphorMetonymyBlendingTh

eory•Construalistheabilitytoconceiveandportraythesamesituationinalternatewaysthroughspecificity,differentmentalscanning,directiona

lity,vantagepoint,figure-groundsegregation,etc.•Attention/Salience•Judgment/Comparison•Perspective/SituatednessConstrualandConstrualOperations:Att

ention/SalienceTheoperationinsaliencehavetodowithourdirectionofattentiontowardssth.thatissalienttous.Incognition,wedirectourattentionto

theactivationofconceptualstructures.Weusecertainlinguisticexpressionstoprovokecertainpatternsofactivation.Co

nstrualandConstrualOperations:Judgment/ComparisonTheconstrualoperationsofjudgment/comparisonhavetodowithjudgingsth.bycomparingittosth.else.Thefig

ure-groundalignmentapplytospace,withthegroundastheprepositionalobjectandtheprepositionexpressingthespatialrelational

configuration.Staticanddynamicfigure/groundTrajectorforamovingfigureLandmarkforthegroundofamovingfigure•Categorizationistheprocessofclassi

fyingourexperiencesintodifferentcategoriesbasedoncommonalitiesanddifferences.Therearethreelevelsincategories.•Basiclevel•Super-ordinatelevel•Subordi

natelevel•Metaphorinvolvesthecomparisonoftwoconceptsinthatoneisconstructedintermsofanother.Itisoftendescribedintermsofatargetdomainandasourcedomai

n.LakoffandJohnclassifyconceptualmetaphorsintothreecategoriesThreeCategoriesofMetaphorOntologicalmetaphorsStructuralmetaphorsO

rientationalmetaphorsThreeCategoriesofMetaphorOntologicalmetaphorsOntologicalmetaphorsmeansthathumanexperienceswithphysicalobjects

providethebasisforwaysofviewingevents,activities,emotions,ideas,etc.asentitiesandsubstances.ThreeCategoriesofMetaphorStructuralmetaphorsStr

ucturalmetaphorsallowustogobeyondorientationandreferringandgiveusthepossibilitytostructureoneconceptaccordingtoanother.ThreeC

ategoriesofMetaphorOrientationalmetaphorsOrientationalmetaphorsgiveaconceptaspatialorientation•Metonymyisdefin

edasacognitiveprocessinwhichthevehicleprovidesmentalaccesstothetargetwithinthesamedomain•TwoConceptualConfigurations–WholeICManditspart(s)–Pa

rtsofanICMMetonymy—WholeICManditspart(s)Thing-and-PartICMScaleICMConstitutionICMEventICMCategory-and-Mem

berICMCategory-and-PropertyICMReductionICMMetonymy—PartsofanICMActionICMPerceptionICMCausationICMProductionICMControlICMPossess

ionICMContainmentICMLocationICMSignandReferenceICMsModificationICMWhatIsCognitiveLinguistics?BlendingTheoryFauconnierandTurnerproposeandd

iscussblendingorintegrationtheory,acognitiveoperationwherebyelementsoftwoormore“mentalspaces”areintegratedviaprojectionintonew,blendedspacewhichhasi

tsuniquestructure.ConditionsareneededwhentwoinputspacesI1andI2areblended:Cross-SpaceMappingGenericSpaceBlendEmergentStructureWh

atIsCognitiveLinguistics?ImageSchemasImageschemaisarecurring,dynamicpatternofourperceptualinteractionsandmotorprogramsthatgivescoher

enceandstructuretoourexperience.WhatIsCognitiveLinguistics?ImageSchemasAcenter-peripheryschemaAcontainmentschemaAcycleschemaAforceschemaAlink

schemaApart-wholeschemaApathschemaAscaleschemaAverticalityschema类属空间输入空间1输入空间2合成空间施事经历者锋利的刀具工作场所程序（目标、方式）角色:外科医生(外科医生身份)角色:病人(病人身份)手术刀手术室目标:康复方式

:手术角色:屠夫角色:商品(动物)屠刀屠宰场目标:切肉方式:屠宰外科医生身份病人身份切肉手术刀手术室目标：康复方式：屠宰不称职