【文档说明】企业管理--目视管理之顔色管理(ppt 39).pptx，共(39)页，1.185 MB，由精品优选上传

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顏色管理顏色管理的三種方法不同路線的靈感,以顏色區分易於管理.2.顏色層別法:來自東京地下鐵以不同顏色標示1.顏色優劣法:來自交通標誌的靈感,以綠優於藍,藍優於黃,黃優於紅為基準.3.顏色心理管理法:來自室內裝潢師之言,顏色美化室內環境,造成心理上獨特的感覺.1/20優劣法顏

色管理簡介優點:A.簡單,適用於不同地及人种.B.有標準,有賞,有罰,激勵優秀員工,刺激怠惰者向上.C.回饋系統.D.利用好面子(人性自尊)心理達到最大管理效果.E.台灣有不少大企業因推行顏色管理而拯救了該公司.F.管理透明化,無人情包袱.2/20注意事項A.必需貼於多人看到的地方

,達到激勵效果.B.針對層次表現不佳者.1.以關心達到施壓.2.以層層主管而談疲勞轟炸.3.早會時暗示或明示有佳者.4.將顏色管理列為年度考核依據5.每月獎賞優秀前三名者.6.配合罰款辦法,將表現不佳者立即處分.C.由比較或競爭(人與人,站與站,線與

線)才能發揮顏色管理的-最大功效3/20圖表II(比較圖表)適用於管制某一群組工作相似的人員的績效,該表可納入多人的工作成績.每個名字旁都有兩欄,在第二欄的方格內填上不良數,然後在第一欄根據不良數涂上相對的顏色或標簽.如不良數為0

涂上綠色,不良數為1涂上黃色,不良數大于2則涂上紅色.對比來看可以很快的在該群組人員中查出誰是績效最好的和最差的.圖表I適用于管制個人績效,每一天在相對的圓形里,根據其當天的工作績效來涂上顏色.如合格涂上綠色,次缺涂上黃色,重缺涂上紅色.以此來管制,可以輕易的看出此作業人員當月的

工作績效.圖表應用顏色管理之圖表如果能有效實施則可明顯看出某月某人或某一群組人員的績效,更便于管理和提高產品的品質.4/205/206/201.下工程.2.維修站.3.品管抽驗結果.4.信賴性實驗結果.6.不良重流----Reflow.7.模擬不良試測----BlindTest.5.RMA客退品

.A.反饋系統之建立推行成功的幾項要素C.獎懲,如配合扣款辦法或獎勵卷(Coupon).B.放置於目視容易之處,每日晨會討論.7/201.品質2.成本3.交期4.數量5.安全6.士氣適用於生產六大要素8/209/2010/20MI課績效評分標准一.品質:

<1>客戶投訴.<2>QA退貨.<4>制程報廢.<5>操作失誤.<3>插件:錯料,反向,錯位,跪腳等;維修補焊:錫渣,錫點不良;測試:漏測,人為造成的損件;包裝:不按SOP作業造成產品不良;物料:混料,錯料,材料變更,管制不當造

成產品不良.11/209.良品與不良品混.二.5S&紀律1.地面不整潔.2.台面不整潔.3.儀表不好.4.垃圾未整理.5.物品未定位未標示;聊天.6.大聲講話.7.做與工作無關的事.8.私離工位.12/20三.配合度:1.及時出貨.2.及時做報表.3.不與同事及領班爭吵.4.及時完成

該站的工作.四.出勤:1.曠職.2.遲到.3.請假;13/20自動課績效評分標准一.品質:1.操機人員,技朮員.a.SMT操機人員,當天檢驗產品不良率為3%以上者.b.AI操機人員,當天檢驗產品不良率在3%以上者.c.操機員上錯件,技朮員調錯程式.2.目視a.錯件,反向,缺件,短路等

退貨一批扣分,3.維修人員:a.錯件,反向退貨扣分.4.查料人員:a.被QA發現上錯件扣分.14/20二.5S&紀律.1.未戴頭巾扣分.2.地面有雜物,IC零件,電阻電容扣分.3.物品未定位扣分.4.做工作無關的事扣分.5.報廢PCB扣分.6

.私離工作崗位扣分.7.台面不整潔扣分.8.垃圾未分類扣分.9.靜電手環未測者扣分.15/201.遲到一次扣分,曠工一日扣分.三.配合度:1.工作態度不佳扣分.2.報表未確實填寫扣分.3.未按SOP作業,經教育不改者扣分,造成重大損失以廠規處理.四.出勤:公告欄16/20QA績效評分標准

一.品質:1.扣分(共同)<1>客戶/下工程投訴不良.<2>治具保管/操作不當造成遺失/損坏.<3>經教育訓練抽樣計划應用錯誤造成漏檢.<4>操作失誤造成產品損坏.2.扣分(IPQC)<1>未及時向領班,工程或制造回餽重大制程不良.17/20二.5S&紀律.1.頭巾,袖套,袖章與靜電手環未按要

求佩帶.2.未按SIP作業.3.5S輪值不落實.4.品質報表白板真寫錯誤/不落實.5.無故不參加教育訓練.6.未經領班批准擅自離崗位.7.工作區域內地面,台面不清潔.8.工作時間內做與工作無關的事,或聊天.18/20三.配合度:1.跟同事間是否相處無間.2.領班每次交待之事項是否立即行動,并按時完

成.四.出勤:1.曠職.2.遲到.3.請假;3.是否主動與主管反應問題,達到改善效應.19/20獎懲辦法實施條例一.獎勵1.第一名:60元.2.第二名:30元.3.第三名:10元.二.懲罰1.倒數第一名:60元.2.倒數第二名:30元.3.倒數第三名:10元.------每月評比一次20

/201.對設計單位提供基本資料.2.分派工作到機器上.3.用來驗收全新或翻新調整過的設備.4.選用合格的作業員.5.設定生產線的機器.6.根據規格公差設定設備的管制界限.7.當制程能力超越公差時,決定最經濟的作業水準.8.找出最好的作業方法1/13Somepracticalapplica

tionofprocesscapabilitystudiesasfollows•EvaluationNewEquipment•PredictingManufacturingCapabilitytoMeetDesig

nTolerances•DeterminingSpecifications•AssigningEquipmenttoProduction•AnalyzingtheInterrelationshipofSequentialProcesses•Reductionof

FinalandIncomingInspections2/13Dearall:FullyagreewithGray’sproposal,Ibelievethisistherighttrackforustomove.WeshouldreleaseIPQC’seffortf

romproductionandletGarypushhisresourceonthesupplierqualitymanagement(IQC)topreventbadmaterialcomeintofactory.

Ontheotherhand,alsoenhanceoutgoingqualitycontroltoservecustomers.Bytheway,acommenttoGaryontheitem4.ApoorCpkisnotnecessarytos

toptheproductionunlessCpisalsoverypoor.BecauseCpk=(1-Ca)Cp,baseonthisformula,ifCpisverygood,say2.5(meansdistribut

ionisverysharp),andCaisverypoor,say0.5,(meansbigdeviationfromthespeccenter)thentheCpkisonly1.25,althoughitislessthan1.33,but

stillinsidetheupperandlowerspeclimits.Theproductstillok.However,IdoagreethatPEhastotakeactiontoimprovebecauseitshows

highriskofoutofspecinthefuture.InordertostandardizetheformatandparametersforCpkcontrol,IproposeKeelungPlant(MrLesterChi

ouandMrRobertChiou)makeaproposalquickly,thenhorizontallydeploytotheotherplanttoimplement.3/1300.000.010.020.030.040.050.

060.070.080.09-3.40.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.00030.0002-3.30.00050.00050.00050.0004

0.00040.00040.00040.00040.00040.0003-3.20.00070.00070.00060.00060.00060.00060.00060.00050.00050.0005-3.10.00100.00090.00090.0009

0.00080.00080.00080.00080.00070.0007-3.00.00130.00130.00130.00120.00120.00110.00110.00110.00100.0010-2.90.00190.00180.00170.

00170.00160.00160.00150.00150.00140.0014-2.80.00260.00250.00240.00230.00230.00220.00210.00210.00200.0019-2.70.00350.

00340.00330.00320.00310.00300.00290.00280.00270.0026-2.60.00470.00450.00440.00430.00410.00400.00390.00380.00370.00

36-2.50.00620.00600.00590.00570.00550.00540.00520.00510.00490.0048-2.40.00820.00800.00780.00750.0073

0.00710.00690.00680.00660.0064-2.30.01070.01040.01020.00990.00960.00940.00910.00890.00870.0084-2.20.01390.0136

0.01320.01290.01250.01220.01190.01160.01130.0110-2.10.01790.01740.01700.01660.01620.01580.01540.01500.01460.0143-2.00.02280.02220.02170.02120.020

70.02020.01970.01920.01890.0183-1.90.02870.02810.02740.02680.02620.02560.02500.02440.02390.0233-1.80.03590.03520.03440.03360.03290.03

220.03140.03070.03010.0294-1.70.04460.04360.04270.04180.04090.04010.03920.03840.03750.0367-1.60.05480.05370.05260.05160

.05050.04950.04850.04750.04650.0455-1.50.06680.06550.06430.06300.06180.06060.05940.05820.05710.0559面積z常態曲線下之面積4/130.000.010.020

.030.040.050.060.070.080.09-1.40.08080.07930.07780.07640.07490.07350.07220.07080.06940.0681-1.30.09680.09510.0

9340.09180.09010.08850.08690.08530.08380.0823-1.20.11510.11310.11120.10930.10750.10540.10380.10200.10010.0985-

1.10.13570.13350.13140.12920.12710.12510.12300.12100.11900.1170-1.00.15870.15620.15390.15150.14920.1469

0.14460.14230.14010.1379-0.90.18410.18140.17880.17620.17360.17110.16850.16600.16350.1611-0.80.21190.20900.20610.20

330.20050.19770.19490.19220.18940.1867-0.70.24200.23890.23580.23270.22960.22660.22360.22040.21770.2148-0.60.27430.

27090.26760.26430.26110.25780.25460.25140.24830.2451-0.50.30830.30500.30150.29810.29460.29120.28770.28430.28100.2776-0.40.34460.34090.337

20.33360.33000.32640.32280.31920.31560.3121-0.30.38210.37830.37450.37070.36690.36320.35940.35570.35200.3483-0

.20.42070.41680.41290.40900.40520.40130.39740.39360.38970.3859-0.10.41020.45620.45220.44830.44430.440

40.43640.43250.42860.42470.00.50000.49600.49200.48800.48400.48010.47610.47210.46810.46410.00.50000.50400.50800.51200.51600.51990.52390.52790.53190

.53590.10.53980.54380.54780.55170.55570.55960.56360.56750.57140.57530.20.57930.58320.58710.59100.59480.59870.60260.60640.

61030.61410.30.61790.62170.62550.62930.63310.63680.64060.64430.64800.65170.40.65540.65910.66280.66640.67000.67360.67720.68080

.68440.68790.50.69150.69500.69850.70190.70540.70880.71230.71570.71900.72240.60.72570.72910.73240.73570.73890.74220.74540.74860.75170.7549

0.70.75800.76110.76420.76730.77040.77340.77640.77940.78230.78520.80.78810.79100.79390.79670.79950.80230.80510.80780.81060.8133

0.90.81590.81860.82120.82380.82640.82890.83150.83400.83650.83895/130.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.09

-1.40.08080.07930.07780.07640.07490.07350.07220.07080.06940.0681-1.30.09680.09510.09340.09180.09010.08850.08690.085

30.08380.0823-1.20.11510.11310.11120.10930.10750.10540.10380.10200.10010.0985-1.10.13570.13350.13140.12920.12710.12510.12300.12100.11900.1170-1.00.

15870.15620.15390.15150.14920.14690.14460.14230.14010.1379-0.90.18410.18140.17880.17620.17360.17110.16850.16600.16350.1611-0.80.2119

0.20900.20610.20330.20050.19770.19490.19220.18940.1867-0.70.24200.23890.23580.23270.22960.22660.22360.22040.21770.2148-0.60.2

7430.27090.26760.26430.26110.25780.25460.25140.24830.2451-0.50.30830.30500.30150.29810.29460.29120.28770.28430.28100.2776-0.40.3446

0.34090.33720.33360.33000.32640.32280.31920.31560.3121-0.30.38210.37830.37450.37070.36690.36320.35940.35570.35200.3483-0.20.42070.41680.41290.

40900.40520.40130.39740.39360.38970.3859-0.10.41020.45620.45220.44830.44430.44040.43640.43250.42860.42470.00.500

00.49600.49200.48800.48400.48010.47610.47210.46810.46410.00.50000.50400.50800.51200.51600.51990.52390.52790.5319

0.53590.10.53980.54380.54780.55170.55570.55960.56360.56750.57140.57530.20.57930.58320.58710.59100.59480.59870.60260.60640.61030.61410.30.61790.62170.

62550.62930.63310.63680.64060.64430.64800.65170.40.65540.65910.66280.66640.67000.67360.67720.68080.68440.68790.50.6915

0.69500.69850.70190.70540.70880.71230.71570.71900.72240.60.72570.72910.73240.73570.73890.74220.74540.7486

0.75170.75490.70.75800.76110.76420.76730.77040.77340.77640.77940.78230.78520.80.78810.79100.79390.79670

.79950.80230.80510.80780.81060.81330.90.81590.81860.82120.82380.82640.82890.83150.83400.83650.83896/137/135s

igma0.000570.576sigma0.0000020.0024.5sigma0.00686.8DefectspermillionpartDefectsper1,000partsQualityleve

l3.5sigma0.4654654sigma0.063632sigma4545,5003sigma2.72,700Table1QualitylevelsandCorrespondingNumberofDefects1s

igma317317,3108/133sigma3.5sigma4sigma4.5sigma5sigma5.5sigma6sigmaCpk=(1-Ca)Cp2,700465636.80.570.0340.002(1-0)12/6=23,5776669912.81.020.10560.0

063(1-0.25/6)12/6=1.926,4401,382236323.40.710.019(1-05/6)12/6=1.8312,2883.01166588.5111.020.1(1-0.75/6)12/6=1.7522,8326,4331,35023

3323.40.39(1-1/6)12/6=1.6740,11112,2013,00057788.510.71(1-1.25/6)12/6=1.5866,80322,8006,3001,350240323.4(1

-1.5/6)12/6=1.5105,60140,10012,2003,00057788.411(1-1.75/6)12/6=1.42A.制程平均值無偏移(Off-Centering=0),則半公差以6σ當規格時,不良率為

0.002DPPM.B.1.制程平均值若偏移到1.5σ時,半公差取6σ,則不良率為3.4DPPM,此時Cpk=1.52.制程平均值若僅偏移1σ時,半公差取5.5σ,則不良率為3.4DPPM,此時,Cpk=1.53.同理,制程偏移0.5σ時,半公差取5σ,則不良率為3.4DPPM,

Cpk=1.5C.故6σ的觀念,我們幾乎可說是Cpk>1.5的化身Table2.TheNumberofDefective(PartsperMillion)forSpecifiedOff-CenteringoftheProcessandQualityLevelsOff-CenteringQ

ualitylevel00.25sigma1.5sigma1.75sigma6σ基本觀念0.5sigma0.75sigma1sigma1.25sigma一.規格為雙邊時二.規格為單邊時1).Ca(制程準確

度)1).Ca(制程準確度)實績平均值-規格中心值X-μ公差/2T/22).Cp(制程精密度)2).Cp(制程精密度)公差T6σ6σ3).CpKX-SLa).CpK=(1-∣Ca│)Cp3σ3).CpKb).CpK=MINCpK=CpSu:公差上限(USL)?

規格中心值SL:公差下限(LSL)T:公差=(Su-SL)三.不良率:DRL%,DRR%,DR%四.等級DRL:超出下限的不良率A:CPK>=1.33DRR:超出上限的不良率B:1.00<=CPK<1.33DR:總的不良率(DR

L+DRR)D:CPK<0.67C:0.67<=CPK<1.00DRLDRR只有規格下限:Cp=3σSu-X符號說明(Ver:3.2)Ca==Ca:無=只有規格上限:Ca=注:σ:實測標準差(STD);X:實測平均值(AVG)Cp=TSu-XX-SL

3σ,3σ9/13Model:PartName:P/N:MeasuredBy:DataSource:MeasurementDate:NO.LocationNSPLSL?USLAVGSTDCaCpCpkZ2Grad

eDRL%DRR%DR%123451617251.0281.0311.0280.04.60.02.22.116.76A0.0%0.0%0.0%277.0279.0279.0277.0288.00.020.040.053.52.41.72.7-1.84-5.52D0.0%100.0%100.

0%53.852.450.056.454.91.11.31.51.260.1-0.20.60.492.11D7.1%1.8%8.9%1.281.141.231.261.181.271.3244.045.547.046.610.30.72.00.521.55D0.0%6.0%6.0%46.846.9

46.646.346.646.746.231.031.7532.532.291.00.70.30.070.22D8.7%41.5%50.2%31.931.231.932.531.631.932.511.912.012.112.060.00.61.50.

581.74D0.0%4.1%4.1%12.0912.0312.0512.0712.0812.0512.04ProcessCapabilityEvaluationRecordItemSpec(Input)StatisticEvaluationData(Output)SamplingM

easurementData(Input)10/13Version:1.1A.TrialRunDataCollectionSampleSize1~1011~2021~3031~4041~5051~6061~7071~8042.78742.824

42.77242.70642.83242.87442.80642.70242.77542.71742.83642.84542.82542.83342.80542.70842.79242.78042.82342.77442.836

42.89842.80742.69542.77842.80342.80142.69242.80742.78542.80742.72842.79142.75842.83642.86342.82942.84242.84042.84042.81042.825

42.83642.86142.83242.84542.83642.86342.72942.75942.81742.83642.82442.82342.79642.67042.85042.69642.83042.865

42.83042.84242.82242.80342.79142.77942.82742.78042.83342.89142.80542.69542.85042.69642.83042.86542.83042.84242.82242.80

3Calculation?42.804Sigma=0.051Max=42.898Min=42.670(atDesignPhase)HowtoDefineSpecification&VerifytheProcessCapabilityInputAre

aforData11/13ItemNo.QualityLevelSpecificationFormat?LSLUSLDRL(Dppm)DRR(Dppm)DR(Dppm)11Sigma当1Sigma42.80442.75342.855158655.26158655.26317

310.5221.5Sigma当1.5Sigma42.80442.72742.88066807.2366807.23133614.4632Sigma当2Sigma42.80442.70242.90622750.0622750.064550

0.1242.5Sigma当2.5Sigma42.80442.67642.9316209.686209.6812419.3653Sigma当3Sigma42.80442.65042.9571349.971349.972699.9363.5Si

gma当3.5Sigma42.80442.62542.982232.67232.67465.3574Sigma当4Sigma42.80442.59943.00831.6931.6963.3784.5Sigma当4.5Sigma42.80442.57443.0333.403.406.809

5Sigma当5Sigma42.80442.54843.0590.2871050.2871050.57105.5Sigma当5.5Sigma42.80442.52343.0840.0190360.019036

0.04116Sigma当6Sigma42.80442.49743.1100.000990.000990.00Preparedby:VQM/XuGangApprovedby:HowardLinB.QualityLevel(F

oryourreferenceandchoosing)12/13TimesQualityLevelNominalT/2(?SpecLSLSpecUSLToleranceOff-Center(Sigma)1442.8040.20442.59943.0080.4080.002442.7800.204

42.57642.9840.4080.4634.4642.7800.22842.55243.0080.4550.46CaCpCpKGradeDRL(Dppm)DRR(Dppm)DR(Dppm)0.001.331.33A31

.6931.6963.370.121.331.18B4.05202.05206.100.101.491.33A0.4332.0332.46Preparedby:VQM/XuGangApprovedby:HowardLinVerificationItemRemark:Greenmeansitc

anbechangedormodifed,Yellowmeansitcannotbechangedormodified.C.ChooseQualityLevelandDefineSpecificationD.ProcessCapabilit

yVerification23113/13AMeasurementSystemAnalysisandEvaluation1.Accuracy準確性:平均觀察偵與平均實際值之差量,需以較精密量具改進;2.Stability穩定性:因環境改變,動力波動,量具靡損等,不同時間

所造成之差量;3.Repeatability重复性:一人量測同一物性,多次之差量;4.Reproducibility再現性:不同人所量測同一物性多次平均之間的差量.B圖形說明如下:TIME1ACCURACYSTABILITYBMEASUREAREPE

ATABILITYMEASUREC注:GaugeSystemError為上四項之組合所成.量測系統分析和評估MEASURETIME2OBSERVEDAVERAGETRUEAVERAGE1/3C由于Accuracy及Stabil

ity這誤差造成很小,故給予忽略;針對a.RepeatabilityandReproducibilityR&R及R&R%請參閱實例.b.EquipmentVariationEV及EV%c.AppraisorVariationAV及AV%D執行注

意事項1.量測位置需能區別或注明正確;2.量測不員需受訓,知道如何使用量具;3.量測物需能以號碼區別;4.量具需事前校正沒問題;5.量測順序需隨機且不能看到先前(自已或別人)之量測值;6.AV過大可能對策:

a.訓練人員使用及如何讀量具值;b.刻度盤校正更清楚.EV過大可能對策:a.重新設計量具使可易使用;b.量具維修.7.a.0≦R&R%≦10%可接受b.10%≦R&R%≦30%條件接受c.30%≦R&R%不可接受,待修理,再教育,或用其量測2/3Measurem

entSystem/GaugeCapabilityCalculationWorksheetPart/Asm.NameGaugeNameCharacteristicGaugeNo.SpecificationGaugeTypeOperator

SampleNo.12345678910TotalsRA=RB=RC=接受條件:a.0≦R&R%≦10%可接受b.10%≦R&R%≦30%條件接受c.30%≦R&R%不可接受,待修理,再教育,或用其他量測EV=EV%=EV/T=AV=AV%=AV/T=R&R=

=(AV2+EV2)1/2R&R%=R&R/T=認可:審核:經辦:Conclusion:GR&R15853680.001'0.1FEDERALPRODUCTS9991--1ELEC.COMPARATORBEARINGLENGTH2.10to2.20PartNo.2.1002.1022.1

020.0002.1013rdTrial2ndTrialToleranceMeasurementUnitRangeRange2ndTrial3rdTrial1stTrial1stTrial3rdTri

al1stTrial2.1022.1012.1020.001Range2.1022ndTrial2.1032.1062.1072.1040.0032.1062.1052.1010.0052.1072.1082.1100.0022.1092.1092.109

0.0002.1102.1062.1072.1092.1102.1082.1102.1062.1050.0052.1062.1062.1082.1092.1052.1062.1072.1052.1090.0042.10

52.1042.1062.1092.1072.1072.1032.1032.1050.0022.1032.1022.1082.1102.1112.1062.1072.1112.1120.0052.1062.1

082.1042.1092.1062.1112.1062.1052.1060.0012.1082.1082.1072.1072.1072.1062.1042.1072.1050.0032.1072.1082.1040.0040.0030.0030.004

0.0000.0030.0040.0010.0020.00280.00320.00290.0032.1062.1042.1002.1032.1062.1040.0030.0062.1052.1072.10421.0560.02921.061XC2.105921.06121.061R=Xdiff

=XA0.009080.002972.10610.00070.009050.000272.1072.1049.08%0.0322.10590.0077UCLR=XB9.05%0.72%21.06221.06121

.06621.05800.0280.0050.00221.0520.0040.0020.0042.1020.0053/3