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PB能源公司集中CENTRALIZEDVS分散DECENTRALIZED能源ENERGY17thCONFERENCEONTHEELECTRICITYSUPPLYINDUSTRYMACAUOCTOBER27-31,2008PBPowerGroup二零零八年十月Topics❖C

entralisedEnergyGenerationVs.DecentralisedEnergyGeneration◼ConsiderationsGeneral◼ConsiderationsSpecific❖Feat

uresofCentralisedEnergyGeneration❖FeaturesofDecentralisedEnergyGeneration❖CHPEconomics❖ConsiderationofRenewablesandNu

clear❖ComparisonofCentralisedvs.DecentralisedGeneration❖Summary集中能源CentralizedEnergyGeneration(CEG)vs分散能源DecentralizedEnerg

yGeneration(DEG)Centralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS-GENERAL❖经济Economics❖技术Technical❖互相联络Interconnection,系统安全SystemSecurity❖系

统操作SystemOperator,安排程度Scheduling,分派Dispatch❖可靠性Reliability:技术与操作Technical/OperatingSystem❖法规Regulatory❖能源政策EnergyPolicy❖排放Enviro

nmentalEmissions:air/water/landCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS–SPECIFICFACTORS❖位置Location–单一

对倍数Singlevs.Multiple❖分派Dispatch–24x7x52,力量，蒸汽，热水Power,Steam,Hotwater❖资本CapitalCost–数值范围，设备类型EconomiesofScale

,Planttype❖系统效率Efficiency–FClass55%,蒸汽循环SteamCycle33%❖燃料供应FuelAvailability❖传送/分配Transmission/Distribution–埋置，网络Embedded,Networks❖可靠性Reliability–冗

余，单位Redundancy,No.ofUnits❖科技Technology–CCGT/GT/Boiler,可更新Renewable,核能Nuclear❖容量Capacity–CCGT750MW,Engines1-10MW❖发电成本Genera

tionCosts,公共价格UtilityPrices:Nextslides往下页集中能源特点FeaturesofCentralizedEnergyGeneration❖大投资本Largecapitalin

vestments❖蒸汽SteamPlant,联合循环汽轮机CCGT,热电共生CHP,百兆瓦特’00(Hundredsof)Megawatts❖电厂远离区城Plantsiteusuallyalongdistancefrombuilt-upareas❖

有效性Highavailabilityand生产量capacityfactor输配电网T&DNetworks:CEGvs.DEG集中CENTRALIZED分散DECENTRALIZEDNumberof

Towers当地网LocalNetworkTransmission节点Nodal结构Configuration&DistributionIECTransmissions&电塔2-5Towers/km国际电工委员会D

istributionCodes电压依赖Voltagedependent❖位于近消费者Locatednearpointofconsumption❖资本Capitalcostshigher每per瓦特Wattthan

高过于集中能源CEG❖可再生能源RenewableEnergyProjects◼风能Wind◼生物能/垃圾发电Biomass/WTE◼小水电Smallhydro◼太阳能Solar特点Featuresof分散能源DecentralizedEne

rgyGeneration(DEG)RenewableEnergyCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:集中对分散的热电共生经济CHPECONOMICSWITHDIFFERENTTECHNOLOGYSCHEMES与不同的技术

计划CHP计划使用SCHEMESUSING❖CCGTpowerequipment联合循环汽轮机动力设备❖SteamTurbine蒸汽机❖BoilerOnly仅锅炉热电共生CHPScheme–联合循环汽轮机CCGT热电共生CHPScheme–蒸气涡轮SteamTurbine基本经济BasicEc

onomics联合循环汽轮机CCGT共生CogenandCCGTPowerOnly•CalculatedbasedonincrementalcapitalinvestmentoftheCHP.•ThewholeCHPadvantageisallocatedtothecostofheat

productionPoweronly-CCGTTechnicalAssumptionsNetpoweroutput(GT+ST)119MWeNetefficiency(LHV)47.5%Utilizationhours4,000hCostassumpti

onsUnitcapitalcost700$/kWLHVofnaturalgas38MJ/m3Unitfuelcost0.35$/m3Capitalchargefactor0.08350AnnualO&

Mcharge2,000$/EOHAnnualpowergeneration474,126MWheAnnualfuelconsumption94,507,177m3Annualcapitalcharge6,928,534$AnnualO&Mcost8,000,000$Annualf

uelcost33,356,187$Totalcost48,284,721$Generationcost101.8$/MWh0.79MOP/kWh基本经济BasicEconomics工业用Industrial锅炉Boile

r–蒸汽Steam发电Generation基本经济BasicEconomics蒸气涡轮SteamTurbine:CHPandPowerOnlyCHP-SteamTurbineTechnicalAssumptionsCogenNetpoweroutput30MWeHeat

capacity40MWthNetefficiency(LHV;power)22.4%Netefficiency(LHV;cogen)52.4%PoweronlyNetoutput43MWeNetefficiency(LHV)32.1%Heatcapacity-MWth

UtilizationhoursCogen4,000hPoweronly-hTotalutil.hours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost1,100$/kWLHVoffueloil41,000kJ/kgUnitfuelcost450$/TCapitalch

argefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge3.0%Annualpowergeneration119,745MWhAnnualfuelconsumption46,879,610kgAnnualheatproduction160,000M

WhAnnualcapitalcharge3,932,102$AnnualO&Mcost1,412,658$Annualfuelcost21,095,824$Totalcost26,440,584$Powergener

ationcost152$/MWhProductioncostofheat51.8$/MWhPowerOnly-SteamTurbineTechnicalAssumptionsNetpoweroutput43MWeNeteffi

ciency(LHV)32.1%Utilizationhours4,000hCostassumptionsUnitcapitalcost1,000$/kWLHVoffueloil41,000kJ/kgUnitfuelcost450$/TCapitalchar

gefactor0.08350AnnualO&Mcharge3.0%Annualpowergeneration171,231MWheAnnualfuelconsumption46,880m3Annualcapitalcharge3,574,638$AnnualO&

Mcost1,284,234$Annualfuelcost21,095,824$Totalcost25,954,697$Powergenerationcost152$/MWh1.2MOP/kWhFactor热量Hea

t电量Power联合循环汽轮机CCGTUS3Cents/kWhthermal1USD=about7RMBUS10Cents/kWhelectric工业用Industrial锅炉BoilerUS8.3Cents/kWhthermal蒸气涡轮SteamTurbineUS5

Cents/kWhthermalUS15Cents/kWhelectric基本经济BASICECONOMICS电与热量比较COMPARISONOFELECTRICITYANDHEATFROMDIFFERENTCYCLES燃料Fuelprices:

天燃气naturalgasUS35cents/m3,LPGUSD900/t.石油fueloilUSD450/tCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS–

RENEWABLES,NUCLEAR❖风Wind❖太阳能Solar❖水下风车UnderwaterTurbines❖核能Nuclear❖公开咨询Publicconsultation❖地点问题Locationissues❖安全或管理Safety/regulatory❖

废燃料处置Usedfueldisposal❖非热电共生焦点PowernotCHPfocus❖容量Capacity,(e.g.minimum600MWforeconomics)REResource/Capex姿源数据Reso

urceData备注Remarks风能WIND10RMB/WCapex1USD=about7RMB5.5meters/sec46meterhubheight更高速Higherspeedsoncoastfac

ing面南海SouthChinaSea太阳能SOLAR75RMB/WpCapex1500kWh/m2peryear混合太阳能HybridSolaratMacauInternationalAirport生物能BIOMASS7RMB/WCapex城市固体废物焚烧发电厂MSWIncine

rationPowerPlant25MWgross可再生能源RENEWABLEENERGY调查SURVEYINMACAUFactorCentralizedDecentralized相比Relative投资成本InvestmentCostp

er每瓦特Watt低Lowto中等Medium高High排放Emissions高Highif化石油fossilfuel/coal低Lowif再生能源renewableDegreeof安排程度SchedulingandDisp

atchHighLow储运损耗OutageImpactHighLow集中与分散比较COMPARISONOFCENTRALIZEDVS.DECENTRALIZEDENERGYGENERATION成本比较COS

TCOMPARISONOFCENTRALIZEDVSDECENTRALIZEDGENERATIONInvestmentCostofCentralizedCHPSupplylowerthanDe-Centralize

d,Non-CHPSupplyforWholeCity(FIRSTBARVS.FIFTHBAR,WHOLECITY)集中热电共生投资成本低余分散非热电共生二氧化碳CO2排放EMISSIONSOFCENTRALIZEDVSDECENTRALIZEDGEN

ERATIONCO2EmissionslowerforCentralizedCHPSupplythanDe-Centralized,non-CHPSupplyforWholeCity(naturalgasproxyfuel)(FIRSTBARVS.

FIFTHBAR,WHOLECITY)集中热电共生的二氧化碳排放低余分散非热电共生(天然气燃料)总结SUMMARYCentralizedvs.DecentralizedGeneration:CONSIDERATIONS

OF❖经济Economics❖技术Technical❖互相联络Interconnection,系统安全SystemSecurity❖系统操作SystemOperator,安排程度Scheduling,分派Dis

patch❖可靠性Reliability:技术与操作Technical/OperatingSystem❖法规Regulatory❖能源政策EnergyPolicy❖排放EnvironmentalEmissions:air/water

/landThankyou!联系Contactdetails:AlbertLamRegionalManager-NorthEastAsiaPBPower-Asia7thFloor,OneKowloon1WangYuenStreetKowloonBay,KowloonHongKongTel:(85

2)29637669Mobile:(852)91719374Switchboard:(852)25798899Fax:(852)28569902E:lam.albert@pbworld.comEddieTaylorDirector-GenerationPBPower-Asi

a300BeachRoad#05-00,TheConcourseSingapore,199555Tel:(65)62900616Mobile:(65)91729660Fax:(65)62911363E:taylore@pbworld.com