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Unit3PublicAttitudesTowardSciencePre-readingTasks1.Pleasewritedownsomeofthescientificandtechnologicaldiscoveriesthathavechangedorwill

changethewaypeoplelive.Whenyouarefinished,pleasechangeyourideaswithyourpartners.Pre-readingTasks2.Pleasethink:1)

Inwhatwaydothesediscoverieschangeourlivesforthebetter?2)Inwhatwaydothesediscoverieschangeourlivesfortheworse?LaterIwillinvit

esomeofyoutotellyourpartners’ideas.3.ReadthepoemonPage70QuestionsatNightWhyisthesky?Whatstartsthethunderoverhead?Whomakes

thecrashingnoise?Aretheangelsfallingoutofthebed?Aretheybreakingalltheirtoys?Whydoesthesungodownsosoon?Whydothenight-clou

dscrawlHungrilyuptothenewlaidmoonAndswallowit,shellandall?Ifthere’sBearamongthestarsAsallthepeoplesay,Won’theju

mpoverthosePasture-barsAnddrinkuptheMilkyWay?DoeseverystarthathappenstofallTurnintoafire-fly?Can’titevergetbacktoHeavenatall?Andwhyisthesky?4.How

muchdoyouknowaboutthesky?Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheuniverse?Howdidtheuniversebegin?Whyistheuniversethewayitis?5.Thesc

ientificandtechnologicaldiscoverycanbringusgoodthingsandbadthings.AccordingtoStephenHawking,authorofthistext,it’suptoustom

akechangesheadtowardschangingourlivesforthebetter.IfyouturntotheLanguageSenseEnhancementsectionafterthistext,youwill

findaquotationthatexpressesthesameidea:“Peoplemustunderstandthatscienceisinherentlyneitherapotentialforgoodnorforevil.Itisapotentialt

obeharnessed（控制及利用自然界能源）bymantodohisbidding.”Let’slookatsomethingabouttheauthorStephenHawking.NewWordsandExpressionsattitudedowithoutcuto

ffmoreoverinitiativesufficientatthemomentintwomindsintermsofbasisconveyintheformofentertainhenceproportiona

ttitude:(usu.followedbyto/towards)•1)他儿子对待工作的态度让他很生气。Hisson’s~toworkmadehimangry.•2)像他表现出的这种态度表明对别人关心不够.Suc

han~asexhibitedbyhimshowsalackofconsiderationforothers.•3)采取粗暴的态度•adoptaviolent~•4)宽宏大量的态度•abroad-minded~•5)无忧

无虑的态度•acarefree~•dowithout:managetosurvive,continue,orsucceedalthoughyoudonothavesth.youneed,want,orusu.have1)如果你不能及时回来，你就得将就，忍着没有晚饭吃。•You’ll

haveto~yourdinnerifyoudon’tgetbackintime.2)我买不起车，只能将就了。•Ican’taffordacar,soIguessI’llhaveto~.3)Itisnotbadfortherich,thougheventheyh

adto~modernmedicine,andthechildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.•Highly：very;toahighlevelorstandard1)史密斯先生

是一位非常成功的销售人员。Mr.Smithisa~successfulsalesman.2）很有可能她会接受这个工作。Itseems~likelythatshewilltakethejob.3)大部分与会人士都是受过高等教育的妇女。Mostofthepeoplepre

sentatthemeetingare~educatedwomen.4）这个部门的主席是员工中薪酬最高的。Thechairmanofthisdepartmentisthemost~paidmemberoffaculty.•Put/

turntheclockback:returntoaprevioussituation,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant1)忘记这件事，看看未来；你不可能扭转时间。Forg

etallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan’t~.2)Puttheclock/clocksforwardRemembertoputtheclockforwardonehourwhenyougett

oNewYork.cutoff:stopproviding(sth.)•1)由于美国空袭，这座城市水和电的供应已经切断了。Waterandelectricitysuppliesinthecityhavebeencutoffbecauseofth

eAmericanairattacks.•2)因为没有交电话费，他们的电话被切断了。Theirphonehasbeencutoffbecausetheyhaven’tpaidthebill.•3)他威胁要剪下我的头发。Hethreatenedtocutmyhair

off.•4)cutsth.Off表示切断或切下某事物cutoffsth.(oftenasupplyofsth.)表切断某个供应•Bringabout:make(sth.)happen1)一些教育家希望给教育系统带来一些大的改变。Someeducatorshopeto~m

ajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.2)人际关系中的冷漠常常是因为缺乏信任导致的。Indifferenceispersonalrelationshipsisoftenbr

oughtaboutbyalackoftrust.3)Theforceofcompetitionwouldstill~advancesintechnology.moreover：inadditiontowhathasbeensai

d;further;besides•1）她看见有个人就在她后面，而且他还很奇怪地盯着她看。•Shesawthattherewasamanimmediatelybehindher.M~hewasobservingherstra

ngely.•2)当地群众需要一条新路，而且出于经济的原因也应修一条。•Localpeoplewouldlikeanewroad.M~,therearegoodeconomicreasonsforbuildingone.•3）我很饿，而且天又冷极了。•Iwasveryhungry;~

itwasanextremelycoldday.•Inquire/enquire+about/wh-clause:seekinformationbyasking1)我打电话询问火车时间。Icalled/rangupto~abouttraintimes.2)他回到宾馆，要了钥匙，并且问是

否有消息给他。Hecamebacktothehotel,askedforthekeyand~edwhethertherehadbeenanymessagesforhim.3)Moreover,onecannotstopinquiringmindsfromthi

nkingaboutthebasicscience.•initiative:•theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyouwhattodo•1）他没有主动性。•He’sgotnoinitiative.•2

)我希望我的儿子表现出更过主动性。•Iwishmysonwouldshowabitmoreinitiative.•taketheinitiative：bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituatio

norrelationship.esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.1)Whydon’tyoutaketheinitiativeandarrangeameeting

?2)不要站着等其他人采取主动。Don’tstandaroundwaitingforsomeoneelsetotaketheinitiative.•Slowdown1)Itseemslikelytheeconomywill~overthenext12months.2)Therei

snocureforAIDS,althoughdrugscan~itsrateofdevelopment.3)Thebusdriverslowedthebusdownwhenhesawaboystandingintheroad

.Rate:1.speed2.acertainamountofonethingconsideredinrelationtoaunitofanother1)Theworld’sforestsaredisappearingatanev

enfasterratethanexpertshadpredicted.2)BritainheldtherecordofhavingthehighestdivorcerateinEurope.•Ensure+n./that1)新条约将会保障和平。Thisnewtreatywi

llensurepeace.2)早点来才能保证你有座位。Comeearlytoensurethatyougetaseat.•Informed:havingorshowingknowledge1)Scienceenabl

esustomake~choicesabouthowweusecommondrugs.2)根据可靠消息，他被哈佛大学录取了。Accordingto~sources,hehasbeenenrolledbyHarvardUniversity.•atthemoment:•now,(=atthi

smoment,atthepresentmoment)•1)现在我很忙，我等会儿给你打过来，好吗？•I’mratherbusyatthemoment;couldIcallyouback?•2）目前没人和我说话。•Atthemoment,noonei

stalkingtome.•intwominds(aboutsth.):unabletodecidewhetherornotyouwantsth.orwanttodosth•1)对于她是否接受他的礼物，我认为

她有些犹豫不决。•Ithinkshe’sintwomindsaboutwhethertoaccepthispresentornot.•Steady:constant;firm•1)-Theladderdoesn’tlo

okverysafe.-Oh,well,itis~asarock.•2)他的情况已经有稳定的进展了。Therehasbeena~improvementinhercondition.•basis:(pl.bases)•thefactsorideasfromwhichsth.canbedeve

loped,foundation(usu.usedasasingularnoun,followedbyfororof)•1)Theresearchwillformthebasisofabook.•2)你根据什么下这种判断的？•W

hatbasisdoyouhaveforthisjudgement?•basis:(pl.bases)•thecircumstancethatprovidesareasonforsomeactionoropinion(usu.followbyoforthat-clause)•

1)Youmuststayathome,onthe~ofthemedicalreportswehavereceived.•2)Onthe~thatrecognizingtheproblemishalfwaytoasolutio

n,weshouldpaymuchattentiontohiscomments.•3)根据经验，学生能够选择哪个专业来专攻。•Studentsareable,onthe~ofexperience,tochoosewhichsubj

ectstospecializein.•liein:exitorbefoundinsth.•1)Clearly,thebasismust~whatistaughtinschools.•2)这部戏曲的意思在于它提出的关于婚姻的问题。•Theplay’si

nterestliesinthequestionitraisesaboutmarriage.•intermsof:asregards(sth.);expressedas(sth.)•1)Intermsofsalary,thejobisterrible.•2

)他对任何事都是从钱的角度考虑的。•Hethinksofeverything~money.•tend:belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect•1)Somepeople~togetuplateratweeken

d.•2)这对老夫妇总是买便宜的加工食品，比如罐头鸡肉。•Theoldcouple~tobuycheapprocessedfoodlikecannedchicken.intheformof:havingtheshapeof•1)Thetreeswerelaidout~thef

igureeight.•2)这条小巷呈“S”形。•Thelanewas~abig“S”.•existinginaparticularform•Theyreceivedabenefit~ataxreduction.•grasp:understand•1)Appl

iedmathwasbeyondthe~ofmostofherstudents.•2)他对英语有很好的理解能力。•Hehasagood~ofEnglishlanguage.•sufficient:asmuchasisneeded,en

ough(+fororto+infinitive)•1)没有足够的证据证明他有罪。•Therewasnotsufficientevidencetoprovethathewasguilty.•2)Thereissufficientfoodforeveryone.•3）

我们以存有足够的旅行费了。Wehavesavedmoneysufficientforthetrip.convey:make(ideas,feelings,etc.)knowntoanother•1)Wordscann

ot~howdelightedIamthatyou’llcomeandspendtheweekendwithus.•2)你如果看到汤姆，一定记着代我向他表达我的歉意。•IfyouseeTom,dorememberto~myapologiestoher.putacross:ca

usetobeunderstood•1)Goodteachersaretheoneswhoareabletoputthingsacrosswell.•2)政府需要将信息解释清楚，经济正在开始复苏。•Thegovernmentneedsto

~themessagethattheeconomyisstartingtorecover.•3)Popularbooksaboutsciencecanhelpto~newdevelopments.•proportion:比例(usu.singular)•1)Alargepro

portionofthecity’spopulationisagedover50.•比率(usu.singular)•1)Theproportionofmentowomeninthemedicalpro

fessionhaschangedinrecentyears.•fitinto•新的大学课程适合国家教育计划。•Thenewcollegecourses~anationaleducationplan.•Entertain:givepleasureto•1)Children’st

elevisionprogramsnotonly~butalsoteach.•2)他用他童年的故事把大家逗笑了。•He~edhisfriendswithstoriesfromhischildhood.•haveasaguest•1)Accordingtotheschoolregulations,w

omenstudentsarenotallowedto~menintheirrooms.•2)我丈夫正在厨房里，今晚我们要招待Smiths一家。•Myhusbandisinthekitchen;weare~ingth

eSmithsthisevening.•Hence：asaresult,therefore•1)我母亲一人在家，我现在必须回去了。•Mymotherisbyherself;henceImustgohomenow.•*fromthistime•1)Idon’tknoww

hereIwillbesixmonthshence.•2)一周后我将到美国。•AweekhenceIshallbeintheUnitedStates.PartOne(Paras1-3)Tomakeinforme

ddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.PartTwo(Paras4-6)Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublic

aboutscience.PartThree(Para7)Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive.