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◊InternationalSymposium“FoodSafety:Consumer,Trade,andRegulationIssues”◊TheSituationandReformPlanabouttheFoodSafetyLegislationandRegulationsin

China中国食品安全管理规制的现状和改革思路XiaofengZhaoNorthwestSci-TecUniversityofAgricultureandForestry中国▪西北农林科技大学Background:Currentsituationsoffoodconsum

ptioninChina◼Foodconsumptionlevelwithitsquantityisimproving食品消费水平和质量不断提高◼Increasingdemandfor"safe,nutriti

ous,andtasty"food消费者对“安全、营养和美味”食品的需求日益增加◼Informationalchainsoffoodsafetywerebroken，Manyfoodpoisioningaccidentsoccurre

dannually食品质量安全的信息链割裂，食品中毒事件频发◼Foodqualitygradesareuneven,highqualityproductscannotguarantegoodprices食品质量等级参差不齐，难以保证优质优价Cha

ngesofEngelCoefficientinChina(%)010203040506070801978199019952001UrbanAreasRuralAreasDataofheavyfoodpoisio

ningaccidentsinChina(1998-firsthalfof2003)110100100010000100000199819992000200120022003.1-6casespeopleinvolveddeathBackground:Mainoriginsofunsa

fefood◼Pollutioncomesfromfarming种养业的源头污染◼Industrialpollutiondeterioratedagriculturalenvironment工业污染对生态环境的破坏◼Illegalfoodproductionandtrade非法食品生产和贸

易◼Somerestaurantsandothercateringbusinesshavenonecessarysanitations餐饮业卫生条件不合格◼Consumerslackcommonsceneoffoodconsumption

部分消费者缺乏食品消费的常识Causesoffoodpoisioningaccidents45%21%34%microorganiccontaminantpesticideresidualothersOrganizations

involvedinfoodsafetysupervision-Wherewearenow?◼MinistryofAgriculture(MOA)◼MinistryofHealth(MOH)◼StateAdministrationfor

Industry&Commerce(SAIC)◼StateGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine(AQSIQ)◼MinistryofCommerce

(MOC)◼StateAdministrationofEnvironmentalProtection(SAEP)◼StateFoodandDrugAdministration(SFDA)Organizationsinvolvedinfoodsafetysupervisionand

theirfunctions-Wherewearenow?OrganizationsMainFunctionsMOAAdministratingtheproductionofagriculturalinputmaterialsOrganizingproductiono

fpollution-free,greenandorganicfoodAdministratingthecertificationofsafefoodAQSIQMonitoring,inspecting,testingna

tionalproductqualityAdministratingtheworkofcertification,accreditation,andstandardizationMOHAdministratingnationalfoodhygie

nestandardsMonitoringnationalfoodsanitationSAICMarketsupervisionMOCMarketregulationandcontrolonthemarketofkeyconsumingproductsSAEPFormulating

statequalitystandardsofenvironmentCertificationandsupervisionoforganicfoodSFDAComprehensivesupervisionthequalitysafetyoffood,healthcare

productsandcosmeticsCoordinatingtheinvolvedorganizationsCurrentmanagementsystemsonfoodsafety-Wherewearenow?◼Agriculturaltechnicalstan

dardssystemhasformedbasically农业技术标准体系基本形成◼Qualitycertificationsystemisontheway质量认证体系建设开始起步◼Testsystemonagriculturalproducts

wassetupinitially农产品检测检验体系逐步建立Progressonthemanagementoffoodsafety-Wherewearenow?◼“Pollution-freefoodmovement

plan”waspromoted“无公害食品行动计划”全面推进◼Productionofgreenfoodisinlargescale绿色食品发展初具规模◼Organicfoodwasexported有机食品走

向世界◼Standardsofqualitysafetywereadvancedsteadily质量安全标准逐步推广◼Marketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywasputintoeffect食品质量安全市场准入制度开始实施“Pollution-freefoodmovem

entplan”waspromotednationally◼FromJuly7th,2001,preliminaryexperiencesoftheplancarriedonintheselectedc

ities.◼MOApromotedthePlannationallyintheJulyof2002◼OnMay25th,2003,thefistcatalogueof214kindsofpollution-freeagriculturalproductswhichattained

certificatewaspublished.Thesecertificatesbelongto155enterprisesinChinaandtheyaretotaled2.12milliontons.Productionofgreenfoodisinlargescale◼Chinahasde

velopedgreenfoodin1990s.◼30percentofgreenfoodisprimaryproductsand70percentisprocessedproducts.◼Theoutputamountedto2

5milliontonsandthesalesreachedRMB￥59.7billionincludingexportsalesofUS$0.84billionin2002◼4.45millionha.greenfoodproduc

tionfield’senvironmentwasmonitoredOrganicfoodwasexported◼China’sorganicfoodhasexperiencedsteadydevelopmentin1990s◼Bytheen

dof2002,therewereabout200kindsoforganicfood◼SAEPhasgranted10.67thousandha.organicproductionbaseand17.33thousandha.conversionbase◼Theexportsalesofor

ganicfoodhaveincreasefromUS$300thousandin1995toUS$0.1billionin2001Technicalstandardsoffoodsafetywereadvan

cedsteadily◼InOctoberof2001,AQSIQhasissuedeightitemsofstatestandardsofpollution-freeagriculturalproducts,whichinvolves15kindsofproducts◼MOAhasi

ssued45itemsofgreenfoodstandardsin1995and2002◼SAEPhasimplementedTechnicalRegulationsofOrganicFood(Aprilof2002)andOFDCOrga

nicFoodStandards(Julyof2003)Marketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywasputintoeffect◼FromAugust1stof2003on,AQSIQhasinitiatedthemar

ketaccesssystemoffoodqualitysafetynationally.Themovementhasregulatedthequalitysafetyofwheatpowder,rice,edibleoil,sauceandvinegarbyprod

uctionlicense,compulsorydeliveryinspectionandqualitysafetymark.◼Itissaidthatthemovementwillpopularizetoother10sortsofdailyfoodbytheendof20

03Defects1:currentlegislationsandregulationsonfoodsafety◼Thesystemoflegislationsandregulationsonfoodqualitysafetywereimperfect食品安全的法律法规不健全◼Thesy

stemoffoodsafetyneedstobeimproved食品安全管理体系不健全◼Hazardswerenotrecognizedanddisposedastheyshouldbe对各种危害认识不足，处罚太轻Theimperfectsy

stemoflegislationsandregulationsonfoodsafety◼Mainexistinglegislations:AgriculturalLaw,ProductQualityLaw,Foo

dHygieneLawsomequalitystandardsofpollution-freefood,greenfoodandorganicfoodBut,◼notagenerallawwhichaimedatassur

ingqualitysafetyonwholefoodsupplychainandconsumer’sinterests◼thereisstillnotlegislationonqualityresponsibilityofprimaryagri

culturalandlivestockproducts.Thesystemoffoodsafetyneedstobeimproved◼Notacomprehensivequalitystandardssystemwhichincl

udesallfood,andmostofqualitystandardsfallfarbehindtheinternationallevelsoradvancedlevels◼Notauniformfood

certificationsystem◼Foodtestsystemisimperfect◼Notanationalmonitoringsystemoffoodsafety◼Socialservicesystemofqualitysafetyneedst

obeestablishedHazardswerenotrecognizedanddisposedastheyshouldbe◼thepunishmenttotheviolatorswassolightthatitcannotcrackdownonseriousfood

safetycriminalactivitiesutterlyDefects2:polymanagementonfoodsafety◼Itisdifficulttocoordinateeffectivelyamongsupe

rvisorsoffoodsafety多头管理，业务操作中难以有效协调◼Theisolatedorganizationalsystemoffoodsafetymakesagainstsystemicfoodsupervision各

自为政的食品安全组织体系，不利于进行系统的风险监管◼Reactionontheaccidentsoffoodsafetywasdelayed影响到食品安全事故的反应能力Supervisorsinvolvedinwholefo

odsupplychainImport/ExportProductionMaterialsFarming/AnimalRaisingFoodProcessingFoodCirculationConsumptionMOA√√√

√√MOH√√√AQSIQ√√√√SFDA√MOC√√√SAIC√√√√SAEP√√√Defects3:Communicationbetweensupervisorsandproducerswasnotenough◼Farmersarelackoftheproducti

onconceptinaccordancewithsomestandards农民缺乏按照标准生产的意识◼Supervisorsemphasizeonmarketinspectionwhileneglecttheinstructionandproperguidanceintheproducti

on重视市场检验而忽视生产中的制定和合理引导◼Farmersandtradersarelackofnecessaryfoodsafetyknowledge生产经营者缺乏必要的食品安全知识Defects4:Constructionofmarketsystemandsupervisionoffoo

dcirculationwereneglected◼Wholesalefoodmarketintheproductionplacewerelaggedbehindthedemand,andthesupervisionofretailmarketwasindisorder农畜产品

产地批发市场的发展不能满足需要，食品零售管理无序◼Managerialtechniquesandfacilitiesforagriculturallogisticsneedtobeimproved农业物流的管理技术和设施急需提

高和完善Reformplan1:EnactingFoodSafetyLaws,andSettingupaUniformFoodSafetyBureau(SFSB)◼Theaimoffoodsafetylaws:assuringnationalfoodsafetypreventingfr

omtheriskswhichcanbepredictedgrantingfullauthoritytoSFSBinsupervisingthewholefoodsupplychainandnationalfoodsafetyReformplan1:Enacting

FoodSafetyLaws,andSettingupaUniformFoodSafetyBureau◼SFSB’stasks:assuringthenationalfoodsafety-primarytasksupervis

ingqualitysafetyofagriculturalinputmaterialsadvancingnewproductiontechniquesonfoodsafetysupervisinggoodperformanceinfoodproductionpopulariz

ingtheknowledgeoffoodsafetycooperatingwithforeignfoodsafetyorganizationReformplan2:Perfectingmanagementsystemoffoods

afety◼Foodqualitystandardssystem食品质量标准体系◼Foodqualitycertificationsystem食品质量认证体系◼Foodqualitytestsystem食品质量检验检测体系◼Foodriskalertandrap

idreactionsystem食品风险预警和快速反应体系Foodqualitystandardssystem◼Setupandperfectenvironmentalmonitoringstandardssystem,technicalst

andardssystemoffoodsafety,foodgradingsystem,establishtechnicalstandardsofGMPinalllinksoffoodsupplychain◼Formulateandre

visefoodtechnicalstandardswhichcloselyrelatedtoconsumer’sdailylifeinitially◼Extendthestandardsinthemodernagriculturalzonesinadvance◼A

llthetechnicalstandardsshouldbebasedonscientificresearch,andshouldbeexaminedandverifiedperiodically◼Strengthentheenforcementandpopularizationoffood

qualitystandardsFoodqualitycertificationsystem◼Makeeffortsinconstructingtheorganizationalsystemofcertification◼Enactandperfectlegislationandregu

lationsoncertification,productionlicenseandhygieneregistration◼StrengthentheconstructionofcertificatingbusinesssystemFood

qualitytestsystem◼Increasequalityteststationsingrass-roots◼Increasethebudgetonthereplacementofoldequipmentsandemployee’str

aining◼Extendthetestscopes◼DevelopthetestsystemwithatacticalwayFoodriskalertandrapidreactionsystem◼Developresponsibilitysyst

emandtraceabilitysystemoffoodqualitysafety◼Fourmainsubsystems:riskinformationalsystemrapidnotificationsystemorganizationalsystem

ofriskprecautionrapidreactionsystemofaccidents.Reformplan3:Strengtheningthesupervisionontheprincipalfoodproducers◼Theleadingenterpr

isesandcooperativeeconomicorganizationsarefocalsupervisingunits以龙头企业和合作经济组织为工作重点◼Foodproductionbasesarethecentreofthe

foodsafety以食品，尤其是农畜产品生产基地为中心开展工作Reformplan4:Strengtheningtheconstructionofmarketsystem,andtakingadvantageofagric

ulturallogisticstoassuringfoodsafety◼Thenormalizationoffoodmarketsystemshouldbestrengthened加强食品市场体系的规范化建设◼Circulatingfacilitiesandrelatingse

rvicesystemshouldbeimproved促进食品流通市场设施和配套服务体系建设◼Brandconstructionofagriculturalandlivestockproductsshouldbestrengthened加强农畜产品

的品牌建设tobecontinuedReformplan4:Strengtheningtheconstructionofmarketsystem,andtakingadvantageofagricultur

alLogisticstoassuringfoodsafety◼Convenientinstanttesttechniquesshouldbedeveloped开发简便易行的食品质量安全快速检测技术◼Perfectingm

arketinformationalsystemoffoodqualitySafety完善食品安全的市场信息系统Reformplan5:Popularizingthenationaleducationonfoodsafety◼Traini

ngfarmersandenterprise’sEmployee农民和企业职工的安全教育和培训◼Nationaleducationonfoodconsumption全民安全食品消费教育ThanksandQuestions!