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◊InternationalSymposium“FoodSafety:Consumer,Trade,andRegulationIssues”◊TheSituationandReformPlanabouttheFoodSa

fetyLegislationandRegulationsinChina中国食品安全管理规制的现状和改革思路XiaofengZhaoNorthwestSci-TecUniversityofAgricultureandForestry中国▪西北

农林科技大学Background:CurrentsituationsoffoodconsumptioninChina◼Foodconsumptionlevelwithitsquantityisimproving食

品消费水平和质量不断提高◼Increasingdemandfor"safe,nutritious,andtasty"food消费者对“安全、营养和美味”食品的需求日益增加◼Informationalchains

offoodsafetywerebroken，Manyfoodpoisioningaccidentsoccurredannually食品质量安全的信息链割裂，食品中毒事件频发◼Foodqualitygradesareuneven,highqualityproductscannotguarant

egoodprices食品质量等级参差不齐，难以保证优质优价ChangesofEngelCoefficientinChina(%)010203040506070801978199019952001Urba

nAreasRuralAreasDataofheavyfoodpoisioningaccidentsinChina(1998-firsthalfof2003)110100100010000100000199819992000200120022003.1-6casespeopleinvolve

ddeathBackground:Mainoriginsofunsafefood◼Pollutioncomesfromfarming种养业的源头污染◼Industrialpollutiondeterioratedagriculturalenvironm

ent工业污染对生态环境的破坏◼Illegalfoodproductionandtrade非法食品生产和贸易◼Somerestaurantsandothercateringbusinesshavenonecessarysanitatio

ns餐饮业卫生条件不合格◼Consumerslackcommonsceneoffoodconsumption部分消费者缺乏食品消费的常识Causesoffoodpoisioningaccidents45%21%34%microorganiccontaminantpesticideres

idualothersOrganizationsinvolvedinfoodsafetysupervision-Wherewearenow?◼MinistryofAgriculture(MOA)◼MinistryofHealth(M

OH)◼StateAdministrationforIndustry&Commerce(SAIC)◼StateGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,Inspecti

onandQuarantine(AQSIQ)◼MinistryofCommerce(MOC)◼StateAdministrationofEnvironmentalProtection(SAEP)◼StateFoodandDrugAdministration(

SFDA)Organizationsinvolvedinfoodsafetysupervisionandtheirfunctions-Wherewearenow?OrganizationsMainFunctionsMOAAdministr

atingtheproductionofagriculturalinputmaterialsOrganizingproductionofpollution-free,greenandorganicfood

AdministratingthecertificationofsafefoodAQSIQMonitoring,inspecting,testingnationalproductqualityAdministratingtheworkofcertification,

accreditation,andstandardizationMOHAdministratingnationalfoodhygienestandardsMonitoringnationalfoodsanitationSAICMarketsupervisionMOCMar

ketregulationandcontrolonthemarketofkeyconsumingproductsSAEPFormulatingstatequalitystandardsofenvironmentCertificationandsupervisionoforgani

cfoodSFDAComprehensivesupervisionthequalitysafetyoffood,healthcareproductsandcosmeticsCoordinatingtheinvolvedorganization

sCurrentmanagementsystemsonfoodsafety-Wherewearenow?◼Agriculturaltechnicalstandardssystemhasformedbasically农业技术标准体系基本形成◼Qua

litycertificationsystemisontheway质量认证体系建设开始起步◼Testsystemonagriculturalproductswassetupinitially农产品检测检验体系逐步建立Progressonthemanagemento

ffoodsafety-Wherewearenow?◼“Pollution-freefoodmovementplan”waspromoted“无公害食品行动计划”全面推进◼Productionofgreenfoodisinlar

gescale绿色食品发展初具规模◼Organicfoodwasexported有机食品走向世界◼Standardsofqualitysafetywereadvancedsteadily质量安全标准逐步推广◼Marketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywasputintoeffec

t食品质量安全市场准入制度开始实施“Pollution-freefoodmovementplan”waspromotednationally◼FromJuly7th,2001,preliminaryexperiencesoftheplancarriedoninth

eselectedcities.◼MOApromotedthePlannationallyintheJulyof2002◼OnMay25th,2003,thefistcatalogueof214kindsofpollution-freea

griculturalproductswhichattainedcertificatewaspublished.Thesecertificatesbelongto155enterprisesinChinaandtheyaretotaled2.12milliont

ons.Productionofgreenfoodisinlargescale◼Chinahasdevelopedgreenfoodin1990s.◼30percentofgreenfoodisprimary

productsand70percentisprocessedproducts.◼Theoutputamountedto25milliontonsandthesalesreachedRMB￥59.7bill

ionincludingexportsalesofUS$0.84billionin2002◼4.45millionha.greenfoodproductionfield’senvironmentwasmonitoredOrganicfoodwasexported◼China

’sorganicfoodhasexperiencedsteadydevelopmentin1990s◼Bytheendof2002,therewereabout200kindsoforganicfood◼SAEPhasgranted10.67thousan

dha.organicproductionbaseand17.33thousandha.conversionbase◼TheexportsalesoforganicfoodhaveincreasefromUS$300thousandin1995toUS$0.1bil

lionin2001Technicalstandardsoffoodsafetywereadvancedsteadily◼InOctoberof2001,AQSIQhasissuedeightitemsofstatestandardsofpollut

ion-freeagriculturalproducts,whichinvolves15kindsofproducts◼MOAhasissued45itemsofgreenfoodstandardsin1995an

d2002◼SAEPhasimplementedTechnicalRegulationsofOrganicFood(Aprilof2002)andOFDCOrganicFoodStandards(Julyof2003)Marketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywa

sputintoeffect◼FromAugust1stof2003on,AQSIQhasinitiatedthemarketaccesssystemoffoodqualitysafetynationally.Themovementhasregulatedthequalitysaf

etyofwheatpowder,rice,edibleoil,sauceandvinegarbyproductionlicense,compulsorydeliveryinspectionandqualitysafetymark.◼Itiss

aidthatthemovementwillpopularizetoother10sortsofdailyfoodbytheendof2003Defects1:currentlegislationsandregulationsonfoodsafety◼Thes

ystemoflegislationsandregulationsonfoodqualitysafetywereimperfect食品安全的法律法规不健全◼Thesystemoffoodsafetyneedstobeimproved食品安全管理体系不健全◼

Hazardswerenotrecognizedanddisposedastheyshouldbe对各种危害认识不足，处罚太轻Theimperfectsystemoflegislationsandregu

lationsonfoodsafety◼Mainexistinglegislations:AgriculturalLaw,ProductQualityLaw,FoodHygieneLawsomequalitystandardsofpollution

-freefood,greenfoodandorganicfoodBut,◼notagenerallawwhichaimedatassuringqualitysafetyonwholefoodsupplychainandconsumer’sinterests◼thereisstilln

otlegislationonqualityresponsibilityofprimaryagriculturalandlivestockproducts.Thesystemoffoodsafetyneedst

obeimproved◼Notacomprehensivequalitystandardssystemwhichincludesallfood,andmostofqualitystandardsfallfarbehindtheinternationallevelsoradvanced

levels◼Notauniformfoodcertificationsystem◼Foodtestsystemisimperfect◼Notanationalmonitoringsystemoffoodsafety◼Socialserv

icesystemofqualitysafetyneedstobeestablishedHazardswerenotrecognizedanddisposedastheyshouldbe◼thepunishmenttotheviolatorswasso

lightthatitcannotcrackdownonseriousfoodsafetycriminalactivitiesutterlyDefects2:polymanagementonfoodsafety◼Itisdifficulttocoordinateeffect

ivelyamongsupervisorsoffoodsafety多头管理，业务操作中难以有效协调◼Theisolatedorganizationalsystemoffoodsafetymakesagainstsystemicfoodsupervision各自为政的食品安全组织体系，不

利于进行系统的风险监管◼Reactionontheaccidentsoffoodsafetywasdelayed影响到食品安全事故的反应能力SupervisorsinvolvedinwholefoodsupplychainImport/Expo

rtProductionMaterialsFarming/AnimalRaisingFoodProcessingFoodCirculationConsumptionMOA√√√√√MOH√√√AQSIQ√√√√SF

DA√MOC√√√SAIC√√√√SAEP√√√Defects3:Communicationbetweensupervisorsandproducerswasnotenough◼Farmersarelackoftheproductionconceptinacc

ordancewithsomestandards农民缺乏按照标准生产的意识◼Supervisorsemphasizeonmarketinspectionwhileneglecttheinstructionandprope

rguidanceintheproduction重视市场检验而忽视生产中的制定和合理引导◼Farmersandtradersarelackofnecessaryfoodsafetyknowledge生产经营者缺乏必要的食品安全知识Defects

4:Constructionofmarketsystemandsupervisionoffoodcirculationwereneglected◼Wholesalefoodmarketintheproductionplacew

erelaggedbehindthedemand,andthesupervisionofretailmarketwasindisorder农畜产品产地批发市场的发展不能满足需要，食品零售管理无序◼Managerialtechnique

sandfacilitiesforagriculturallogisticsneedtobeimproved农业物流的管理技术和设施急需提高和完善Reformplan1:EnactingFoodSafetyLaws,andSettingupaUnifor

mFoodSafetyBureau(SFSB)◼Theaimoffoodsafetylaws:assuringnationalfoodsafetypreventingfromtheriskswhichcanbepredictedgrantingfullauthoritytoSFSB

insupervisingthewholefoodsupplychainandnationalfoodsafetyReformplan1:EnactingFoodSafetyLaws,andSettingupaUniformFoodSafetyB

ureau◼SFSB’stasks:assuringthenationalfoodsafety-primarytasksupervisingqualitysafetyofagriculturalinputmat

erialsadvancingnewproductiontechniquesonfoodsafetysupervisinggoodperformanceinfoodproductionpopularizingthe

knowledgeoffoodsafetycooperatingwithforeignfoodsafetyorganizationReformplan2:Perfectingmanagementsystemoffoodsafety◼Foodqual

itystandardssystem食品质量标准体系◼Foodqualitycertificationsystem食品质量认证体系◼Foodqualitytestsystem食品质量检验检测体系◼Foodriskalertandrapidreactionsystem食品风险预警和快速反应体系Fo

odqualitystandardssystem◼Setupandperfectenvironmentalmonitoringstandardssystem,technicalstandardssystemoffoodsafety,foodgradingsystem,establisht

echnicalstandardsofGMPinalllinksoffoodsupplychain◼Formulateandrevisefoodtechnicalstandardswhichclose

lyrelatedtoconsumer’sdailylifeinitially◼Extendthestandardsinthemodernagriculturalzonesinadvance◼Allthetechnicalstandardsshoul

dbebasedonscientificresearch,andshouldbeexaminedandverifiedperiodically◼Strengthentheenforcementandpopularizationoff

oodqualitystandardsFoodqualitycertificationsystem◼Makeeffortsinconstructingtheorganizationalsystemofcert

ification◼Enactandperfectlegislationandregulationsoncertification,productionlicenseandhygieneregistration◼Strengthentheconstructionofcertificatingb

usinesssystemFoodqualitytestsystem◼Increasequalityteststationsingrass-roots◼Increasethebudgetonthereplacementofoldequipm

entsandemployee’straining◼Extendthetestscopes◼DevelopthetestsystemwithatacticalwayFoodriskalertandrapidreactionsystem◼Developresponsibilitys

ystemandtraceabilitysystemoffoodqualitysafety◼Fourmainsubsystems:riskinformationalsystemrapidnotificationsys

temorganizationalsystemofriskprecautionrapidreactionsystemofaccidents.Reformplan3:Strengtheningthesupervisionontheprincipalfoodproducers◼T

heleadingenterprisesandcooperativeeconomicorganizationsarefocalsupervisingunits以龙头企业和合作经济组织为工作重点◼Foodproductionbasesarethe

centreofthefoodsafety以食品，尤其是农畜产品生产基地为中心开展工作Reformplan4:Strengtheningtheconstructionofmarketsystem,andtakingadvantageofagriculturallogisticst

oassuringfoodsafety◼Thenormalizationoffoodmarketsystemshouldbestrengthened加强食品市场体系的规范化建设◼Circulatingfacilities

andrelatingservicesystemshouldbeimproved促进食品流通市场设施和配套服务体系建设◼Brandconstructionofagriculturalandlivestockproductsshouldbestrengthened加强农畜产品的品

牌建设tobecontinuedReformplan4:Strengtheningtheconstructionofmarketsystem,andtakingadvantageofagriculturalLogisticstoassuri

ngfoodsafety◼Convenientinstanttesttechniquesshouldbedeveloped开发简便易行的食品质量安全快速检测技术◼PerfectingmarketinformationalsystemoffoodqualitySa

fety完善食品安全的市场信息系统Reformplan5:Popularizingthenationaleducationonfoodsafety◼Trainingfarmersandenterprise’sEmployee农民和企业职工的安全教育和培训◼Nati

onaleducationonfoodconsumption全民安全食品消费教育ThanksandQuestions!