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ChapterFourPackingandMarking包装和唛头Section1Packing•1.Factorsinfluencingthenatureofpacking影响包装的因素•(1)Valueofgoods产品价值•(2)Natureofthetran

sit运输性质•(3)Natureofcargo货物性质•(4)Compliancewithcustomsorstatutoryrequirements符合海关和法定要求2•(5)Generalfragilityofcargo商品的易碎性•(6)Variationintemper

atureduringthecourseofthetransit运输中温度的多变性•(7)Easeofhandlingandstowage操作和储存的便捷性•(8)Insuranceacceptanceconditions保险的要求•(9)Thesiz

eofthecargoanditsweight货物的尺寸和重量•(10)Marketingconsiderations营销考虑32.Functionsofpacking•(1)Protective保护•(2)Storage储存•(3)Lo

adingandtransport装载和运输•(4)Salesfunction销售•(5)Promotionalfunction促销•(6)Servicefunction服务•(7)Guaranteefunc

tion保障43.Typesofpacking•3.1Transport/Outerpacking运输包装或外包装•3.1.1Category•Accordingtomethodsofpacking:•Cases,drums/casks/hogsheads/barrels,bags,bundl

es/bales,crates/skeletoncases,containers.53.1.2Requirementsforouterpacking•Transportationrequirements,运输要求•Productrequire

ments,产品要求•Distributionrequirements.分销要求6Casestudy4-1•AChineseimporterpurchasedsomeflammableliquidchemicalrawmaterialfromaFren

chexporter.Whentheshipmentarrivedatthedestination,itwasfoundthattherewasaslightleakagecausedbythedefectinafewpackages.Theimporterfailedtotak

eanymeasurestopreventthedamagefromexpanding.Asaresult,theleakageworsenedafterthewarehousingandledtoaself-ignitedfire.T

heimporterlodgedaclaimagainsttheexporterforfullcompensationofthetotalloss,butwasrefused.Why?73.2Salespack

ing•Salespackingisalsocalledinnerpacking,smallpackingorimmediatepacking.•销售包装也称内包装、小包装或直接包装。8Kindsofpackaging•Han

gingtype悬挂式,pilingtype堆叠式,portabletype携带式,one-offtype一次性,Zip-top/Ring-pulltype易拉式,Sprayingtype喷射式,complete-se

ttype成套式包装,giftpackagingtype礼品包装.93.3Neutralpacking&manufacturingbrand-namegoods中性包装和定牌•3.3.1Neutralpacking•Makesnomentionsatal

lofthenameofthecountryproducingthegoodsandthenameofthemanufactureronthecommodityandontheouterandinnerpackages.•在

产品本身或其内外包装上均不显示其生产国别和生产厂商的名称。103.3.2Manufacturingbrand-namegoods•Meanscertainexportcommoditiesusethetrademarksdesig

natedbytheclientsorbearthenameofthebuyer’sfirmorrelatedsigns.•特定出口商品使用国外客户指定的商标或类似标记。11Casestudy4-2•Acompanyconcludedasalesco

ntractwithB,stipulationsincontractas:packedincartonsof30tinseach.Asuppliedthewholegoods,butpartofwhichwere

packedincartonsof24tins.Brefusedtotakethewholegoods.DidBhaverightstodoso?12Section2Markingofpackage包装上的标志•1.Shippingmark

运输标志/唛头•Shippingmarkisthemostimportantwhichshouldbediscussedandagreedonbybothparties.13(1)Componentsofshippingmark•ISOhassug

gestedastandardizedformofshippingmarkwhichhasfourlinesintotalwithnomorethan17lettersineachlineandcontains

nographs.•国际标准化组织推荐使用标准运输标志：共四行，每行不超过17个字母，不带有任何图表。14Standardizedshippingmark标准唛头•Abbreviationsofconsigneeorbuyer.收货人货买方的名称缩写•Re

ferencenumber.参考号•Portofdestination.目的地/港•Packagenumber.包装件数15收货人目的港整批货物600件中的第一件合同号三角形的运输标志整批货物总共600件16(2)Genera

lrequirementsforshippingmark•Itisnotwisetodesigntheshippingmarkcomplicatedly.•不建议设计复杂的唛头。•Thepositionshouldbepropera

ndcolorshouldbedurable.•唛头位置合适、颜色持久。•Noadvertisingpropagandawordsandpicturesareallowedtobeinsertedintothemarks.•唛头中不允许插入广告性宣传语

或图案。172.Indicativemark指示性标志•Itreferstothesymbolsorwordsthatindicatethenatureofthecontentsofthepackageandinstructionstofacilitatethesmoothhandli

ngofthecargothatneedsspecialcare.•一些货物因本身特性，需要在包装上用简单的图形或文字提醒人们操作中应注意的事项。18紧急出口滑动开门滑动开门推开拉开EXITSLIDESLIDEPUSHPULLWATER

PROOFTHISSIDEUPFRANGIBLENOHOOKS防潮此端朝上易碎品禁用钩193.Warningmark警告性标志•Warningmarkalsocalleddangerouscargomarksareusedtoremindthecargohandlers

totakenecessarysafetymeasures.Theyarestenciledclearlyonouterpackageswithwarningphrases.•也称危险品标志，用简单的图形或文字提醒操作时应采取安全措施。20当心火灾—易燃物质当心火

灾—氧化物当心爆炸—爆炸性物质214.Supplementarymarks补充性标志•Supplementarymarksareanyofficialmarksrequiredbyauthorities,suchascountryoforigin,weightanddimensions,

etc.•是一些官方机构所要求的标志，如原产国、重量体积等标志。225.Productcode条形码•Theproductcodelabelisthestandardbarcodesymbologyforproductmarking,composedofblackandwhitelines

ofdifferentwidthsandspaceswithfiguresunderneathwhichindicatethename,specifications,originandpriceoftheproduct.•条形码是由粗细间隔不等的黑白条纹加上其下

方的数字所标示的商品名称、规格、原产地和价格等内容。23(1)UPC•UniversalProductCodeisa12-digituniquecodeforproductsbytoscan.•Ithasfivevers

ions,UPCversionEisthemostcommonbutsmallerinwhichitdropsout“0”.24(2)EAN•EANisaninternationalproductmarkingbarcodestandardbein

g13-digitinglobaltrade.•ChinaadoptedEANinApril,1991.Thebarcodeswith“690”,“691”,“692”meanthattheproductsaremadeinChina.25Sec

tion3ClauseofPacking•1.Payattentiontodifferentcommoditycharacteristicsandrelevanttransportrequirement.•注意不同商品和运输

方式的特性和要求。•2.Usingspecificpackingterms.“seaworthypacking”,“customarypacking”or“seller’susualpacking”shouldbeavoided.•规定具体

的包装条件。尽量避免“适宜海运的包装”、“惯常包装”、“卖方常用包装”等字眼。26•3.Specifyingthebearerofpackingcharges.•明确包装费用的承担者。•4.Marksonpackingo

fsellerswasusedcommonly.•一般使用卖方的包装标志。27