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ChapterFourPackingandMarking包装和唛头Section1Packing•1.Factorsinfluencingthenatureofpacking影响包装的因素•(1)Valueofgoods产品价值•(2)Natureofthetrans

it运输性质•(3)Natureofcargo货物性质•(4)Compliancewithcustomsorstatutoryrequirements符合海关和法定要求2•(5)Generalfragilit

yofcargo商品的易碎性•(6)Variationintemperatureduringthecourseofthetransit运输中温度的多变性•(7)Easeofhandlingandstowage操作和储存的便捷性•(8)Insuranceacceptance

conditions保险的要求•(9)Thesizeofthecargoanditsweight货物的尺寸和重量•(10)Marketingconsiderations营销考虑32.Functionsofpacking•(1)Prot

ective保护•(2)Storage储存•(3)Loadingandtransport装载和运输•(4)Salesfunction销售•(5)Promotionalfunction促销•(6)Servicefunction服务•(7)Guaranteefunctio

n保障43.Typesofpacking•3.1Transport/Outerpacking运输包装或外包装•3.1.1Category•Accordingtomethodsofpacking:•Cases,drums/casks/hogsheads/ba

rrels,bags,bundles/bales,crates/skeletoncases,containers.53.1.2Requirementsforouterpacking•Transportationrequirements

,运输要求•Productrequirements,产品要求•Distributionrequirements.分销要求6Casestudy4-1•AChineseimporterpurchasedso

meflammableliquidchemicalrawmaterialfromaFrenchexporter.Whentheshipmentarrivedatthedestination,itwasfoundth

attherewasaslightleakagecausedbythedefectinafewpackages.Theimporterfailedtotakeanymeasurestopreventthedamagefromexpanding.Asaresult,thel

eakageworsenedafterthewarehousingandledtoaself-ignitedfire.Theimporterlodgedaclaimagainsttheexporterforfullcompensation

ofthetotalloss,butwasrefused.Why?73.2Salespacking•Salespackingisalsocalledinnerpacking,smallpackingorimme

diatepacking.•销售包装也称内包装、小包装或直接包装。8Kindsofpackaging•Hangingtype悬挂式,pilingtype堆叠式,portabletype携带式,one-offtype一次性,Zip-top/Ring-pu

lltype易拉式,Sprayingtype喷射式,complete-settype成套式包装,giftpackagingtype礼品包装.93.3Neutralpacking&manufacturingbrand-namegoods中

性包装和定牌•3.3.1Neutralpacking•Makesnomentionsatallofthenameofthecountryproducingthegoodsandthenameofthemanufactureronthecommodityandonthe

outerandinnerpackages.•在产品本身或其内外包装上均不显示其生产国别和生产厂商的名称。103.3.2Manufacturingbrand-namegoods•Meanscertainexportcomm

oditiesusethetrademarksdesignatedbytheclientsorbearthenameofthebuyer’sfirmorrelatedsigns.•特定出口商品使用国外客户指定的商标或类似标记。

11Casestudy4-2•AcompanyconcludedasalescontractwithB,stipulationsincontractas:packedincartonsof30tinseach.Asuppliedthewh

olegoods,butpartofwhichwerepackedincartonsof24tins.Brefusedtotakethewholegoods.DidBhaverightstodoso?12Section2Markingofpac

kage包装上的标志•1.Shippingmark运输标志/唛头•Shippingmarkisthemostimportantwhichshouldbediscussedandagreedonbybothparties.13(1)Componentsofshippingmark•I

SOhassuggestedastandardizedformofshippingmarkwhichhasfourlinesintotalwithnomorethan17lettersineachlineandcontains

nographs.•国际标准化组织推荐使用标准运输标志：共四行，每行不超过17个字母，不带有任何图表。14Standardizedshippingmark标准唛头•Abbreviationsofconsigneeorbuyer.收货人

货买方的名称缩写•Referencenumber.参考号•Portofdestination.目的地/港•Packagenumber.包装件数15收货人目的港整批货物600件中的第一件合同号三角形的运输标志

整批货物总共600件16(2)Generalrequirementsforshippingmark•Itisnotwisetodesigntheshippingmarkcomplicatedly.•不建议设计复杂的唛头。•Thep

ositionshouldbeproperandcolorshouldbedurable.•唛头位置合适、颜色持久。•Noadvertisingpropagandawordsandpicturesareal

lowedtobeinsertedintothemarks.•唛头中不允许插入广告性宣传语或图案。172.Indicativemark指示性标志•Itreferstothesymbolsorwordsthatindica

tethenatureofthecontentsofthepackageandinstructionstofacilitatethesmoothhandlingofthecargothatneedsspecialcare.•一些货物因本身特性，需要在包装上用简单的

图形或文字提醒人们操作中应注意的事项。18紧急出口滑动开门滑动开门推开拉开EXITSLIDESLIDEPUSHPULLWATERPROOFTHISSIDEUPFRANGIBLENOHOOKS防潮此端朝上易碎品禁用钩193.W

arningmark警告性标志•Warningmarkalsocalleddangerouscargomarksareusedtoremindthecargohandlerstotakenecessarysafetymeasures.Theyarestenciledclear

lyonouterpackageswithwarningphrases.•也称危险品标志，用简单的图形或文字提醒操作时应采取安全措施。20当心火灾—易燃物质当心火灾—氧化物当心爆炸—爆炸性物质214.Supplementarymar

ks补充性标志•Supplementarymarksareanyofficialmarksrequiredbyauthorities,suchascountryoforigin,weightanddimen

sions,etc.•是一些官方机构所要求的标志，如原产国、重量体积等标志。225.Productcode条形码•Theproductcodelabelisthestandardbarcodesymbologyforprodu

ctmarking,composedofblackandwhitelinesofdifferentwidthsandspaceswithfiguresunderneathwhichindicatethename

,specifications,originandpriceoftheproduct.•条形码是由粗细间隔不等的黑白条纹加上其下方的数字所标示的商品名称、规格、原产地和价格等内容。23(1)UPC•UniversalProductCodeisa12-digi

tuniquecodeforproductsbytoscan.•Ithasfiveversions,UPCversionEisthemostcommonbutsmallerinwhichitdropsout“0”.24(2)EAN•EANisa

ninternationalproductmarkingbarcodestandardbeing13-digitinglobaltrade.•ChinaadoptedEANinApril,1991.Thebarcodeswith“690”,

“691”,“692”meanthattheproductsaremadeinChina.25Section3ClauseofPacking•1.Payattentiontodifferentcommo

ditycharacteristicsandrelevanttransportrequirement.•注意不同商品和运输方式的特性和要求。•2.Usingspecificpackingterms.“seaworthypacking”,“customarypacking”or“seller’su

sualpacking”shouldbeavoided.•规定具体的包装条件。尽量避免“适宜海运的包装”、“惯常包装”、“卖方常用包装”等字眼。26•3.Specifyingthebearerofpackingcharges.•明确包装

费用的承担者。•4.Marksonpackingofsellerswasusedcommonly.•一般使用卖方的包装标志。27