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中考语法专项复习动词一、中考对动词的知识要求:▪中考对动词的考查主要集中在:▪1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去▪分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;▪2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在▪时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进▪行时和现在完成时)▪3、
掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,▪keep等的基本用法;▪4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;▪5、掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法;▪6、掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结
构及主要用法;▪7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法;▪8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法;▪9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则;▪10、掌握动词不定式作
宾语、状语的基本用法;▪11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。二、动词考察点分项说明:fly-flies,动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加-slook-looksfind-finds以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾词尾加-eswatch-watches,pu
sh-pushes以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-esfly-flies,stop-stopped,stopped动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加-edlook-looked,looked以e结尾词尾加-dlive-lived,lived以“辅音字母+Y”结尾变y为i,再加-edcarry-
carried,carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母,再加-edstop-stopped,stopped②不规则动词的变化。(略)die-dyinglie-lying动词特征变化例词一般动词直
接加-inglook-lookingwatch-watching以e结尾去e加-ingcome-comingmove-moving以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写该辅音字母,再加-ingswim-swimmingrun-
running以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying▪(二)、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在
完成时)▪1、一般现在时▪①一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作,▪与always,usually,often,sometimes,every▪day(week,month)等连用;表示现在的事实或状态;▪表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客观事实或普
遍其理。▪②一般现在时的构成:▪一般现在时通常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数▪时,动词原形后需加-s或-es。▪Shelikesbiologyverymuch.她非常喜欢生物。▪Theyoftengotoschoolbybike.他们通常骑车上学。▪2、一般过
去时▪①一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,lastweek,twohoursago等连用;表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作,这时可与频度副词o
ften,usually,always等连用;表示过去发生的一连串动作,以及在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。▪②一般过去时的构成:一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。▪Wemeteachotheronthestreetyeste
rday.我们昨天在街上碰见了。▪Sheoftenwentswimminglastyear.她去年经常去游泳。▪Theymovedthechairstothetable,satdownandbegantohavesupper.▪他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开
始吃饭。▪Marytoldmethatshewouldstayathomeifitrained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。▪3、一般将来时▪①一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如next
month,tomorrow,inaweek,soon等连用。▪②一般将来时的构成:▪(1)一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中shall主要用于主语是第一人称(I和we)的疑问句中。▪(2)也可以用“b
egoingto+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情,或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。▪TheywillhaveaclassmeetingnextTuesday.他们下周二将举行班会。▪Wes
hallmeetattheschoolgate.我们将在学校大门口见。▪Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。▪4、现在进行时▪①现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now,atpresent,atthismoment等连用;或与thesedays,thisweek/month等连
用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与always,continually,forever等词连用,表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:▪Heisalw
aysaskingsuchsillyquestions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。▪②现在进行时的构成:▪现在进行时由“be(am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。▪TheyarewatchingTVnow.他们正在看电视。▪Thedogise
njoyinghismeal.小狗正在吃饭。▪5、过去进行时▪①过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同,只不过参照的时间基准点不同。▪过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如
:then,atthattime,ateightyesterday,thistimeyesterday,whenhecamein等。▪②过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似,只不过把be(am,is,are)变为过去式(was,were)▪Theywerewatch
ingTVatthattime.他们那会正在看电视。▪Thedogwasenjoyinghismealatthistimeyesterday.小狗昨天这个时候正在吃饭。▪6、现在完成时▪①表示动作已经完成,但后果或影响仍在
,常与already,just,yet等副词连用;或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在,常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。▪②现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。▪Hehasalreadycomeback.他已经回
来了。▪Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.他在此住了两年了。(三)、掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法;▪常见的连系
动词有:become,turn,get,▪grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它▪们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。▪Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.请保持教室的干净。▪Thebreadlooksveryfresh.这些面包看上去很
新鲜。(四)、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;▪①过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动▪作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相▪同,只是把will,shall变为过去式would,should,把助▪动词be的过去式
变为过去式was或were而已。如:▪Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.他们曾打算开会。②过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点
,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by,before引导的时间状语连用。如:Bythetimehewasten,Edisonhadbuiltalabforhimself.到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室。Sh
esaidshehadworkedinthathospitalfor20years五)、掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法;▪助动词是“辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独▪作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态,▪语态,和数的变化。▪常见的助动词有:(1)be
(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合,▪构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。▪I’mlookingformypen.我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时)▪ThesecupsaremadeinChina.这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态)▪(2)
have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合,构成完成时。▪Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.▪他们互相认识有二十年了。(现在完成时)▪Hehadbuilt
achemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.▪他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时)▪(3)助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句。▪HedoesnotspeakEnglis
h.他不说英语。▪Whendidhecomeback?他什么时候回来的?▪(4)will(would),shall(should):▪will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是will的过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词
原形。▪Theplanewillarriveintenminutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。▪Iwassurewewouldwin.我确信用我们会赢。▪shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义,shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是shall的过▪去时,只能用于
过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面都接动词原形。▪Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。▪▪ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉▪他们我将独自做那项工作。三、巩固练习▪1.Hisfa
theranywashinginthemorning.▪A.doesn’tdoB.doesn’tC.doesn’tdoesD.doesn’tdoes▪2.I1000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.▪A.havelea
rnedB.hadlearnedC.wouldlearnD.waslearning▪3.Howlongyouthebicycle?▪A.have…boughtB.have…had▪C.did…buyD.do…buy▪4.mybrotherknowsLondonverywell.Hether
emanytimes.▪A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.wasD.went▪5.ThechildrenwanttoknowifMissGreenfreetomorrow.▪A.isB.isgoingtoC.willD.willbe▪6.Liste
n,themusicnice.▪A.soundsB.issoundingC.issoundD.wassounding▪7.Heearlyeverymorningfromnowon.▪A.getsupB.doesgetupC.doesgetsupD.willgetup▪8
.Ourteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.▪A.travelledB.travelsC.wastravelledD.hadtravelled▪9.Mr.Brownisnotathome.Hetothelibrary.▪A.hasgoneB.h
asbeenC.hadbeenD.hadgone▪10.Hesaidhewouldgotothecinemawithusifhefree.▪A.isB.wereC.wasD.willbe▪11.Tom_____hishomeworkafterbr
eakfast.▪A.don’tB.doesn’tC.don’tdoD.doesn’tdo12.Jenny_____alettertohermotherthreedaysago.A.wroteB.writesC.writeD.haswritten13.He______wit
husyesterdaymorning.A.doesn’tgoswimmingB.goesswimmingC.didn’tgoswimmingD.wenttoswimming14.There______abas
ketballmatchonourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.wouldhave▪15.______you__
____usatalkthisafternoon?▪A.Are,givingB.Are,givenC.Will,giveD.Were,goingtogive▪16.Look!LiLei_____JimwithhisChinese.▪A.ishelpingB.hashelpedC.isgoingto
helpD.wouldhelp▪17.Don’tmakeanynoise.Thebaby______.▪A.hassleptB.issleptC.willsleepD.issleeping▪18.ThestudentsofClass3_____afootballgamenow.Let’s
goandwatch.▪A.arehavingB.willhaveC.ishavingD.willbehad▪19.HowmanyEnglishsongs____you_____bytheendoflastterm?▪A.have,learned
B.did,learnC.had,learnedD.were,learned▪20.Mymother_____breakfastwhileI______myfacethismorning.▪A.cooked,wascookingB.wascooking
,waswashing▪C.wascookingD.wouldcook,waswashing二、用下列动词的适当形式填空1.Hetoldmethathe(visit)theSummerPalacethenextday.2.—Whoh
asborrowedthedictionary?Iwanttouseit—MissLi.She(keep)itforaweek.3.Theoldmen(die)lastsummer.He(die)foreightmonths.4.Father(c
ook)whenIgothome.5.Mr.Smithtoldushe(show)theguestsaroundthefactory.6.Inwinterwhenyourclothes(wash),itisnoteasytogetthemdr
y.▪7.—thetwins(return)yet?▪—Yes.They(have)arestintheroomnow.▪8.It(rain)butit(stop)now.▪9.Allthechildren(keep)quietthought
heirteacherwasnotthere.▪10.Theboy(read)astorybooknow.(六)掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法敢于原形过去式词义cancould能maymi
ght可以(或许)mustmust(hadto)必须(不得不)willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于▪③can的用法▪(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力
”。▪Theboycanswimverywell.▪Whocananswerthisquestion?▪(2)表示允许▪Thestudentscanleaveafterthemeeting.▪WhencanIgetthenews?▪(3)表示推
测▪Itcanbewrong.▪Whocanbeyournewteachernextterm?▪④could的用法▪(1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。▪Theycouldrunveryfastwhentheywereyoung.▪Couldyouspea
kEnglishatthattime?▪(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。▪CouldIborrowyourbike?▪Couldyoulistentomecarefully?▪▪⑤must的用法▪(1).表示
义务,命令或必要▪Youmustfinishitbefore5o’clock.▪MustIhanditinnow?▪(2).表示肯定的推测:一定▪Shemustbeaprettygirl.▪Youmustbewrong.▪⑥need的用法
▪(1)表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。▪Weneed’nthandinourhomeworknow.▪NeedIcallhimforyou?▪(2)need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定
回答时用needn’t。▪Needhecome?他必须来吗?▪Yes,hemust.是的,必须来。▪No,heneedn’t.不,他不必来。▪⑦may的用法▪(1)表示请求、许可、可以▪MayIaskyousomequestions?Maywestartnow?▪(2)
表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。▪Hemaybe25yearsold.▪Wemaycomebackinthreedays.▪⑧should的用法▪should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=oughtto)▪Whoshould
Imeetthisafternoon?▪Youshouldpackyourbagquickly.七)了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法▪被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、
“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p.)”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。▪1.一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are+do
ne)▪Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。▪ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。▪Theclassroomisclea
nedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。▪2.一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+done)▪Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。▪Hewassavedatlast.
他最终获救了。▪Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。▪3.一般将来时的被动语态(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)▪Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。▪Anewroadwillbeb
uiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。▪Ithinkthousandsofpeoplewillbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。(八)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法▪情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动
词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。如:▪Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。▪Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)▪Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)(九)动词不定式的基本用法▪动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语(包括目的状语,结果状语和原因状语。)▪1)作主语▪Todancewithyoumakesmehappy
.和你跳舞令我高兴。▪Itisdifficulttodriveinthemountains.(=Todriveinthemountainsisdifficult.)▪在山里开车很困难。▪①后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示
“意愿”、“企图”等的动词,如:▪hope,want,wish,desire,like,decide,try,promise,refuse.▪Iwanttotalkwithher.我想和她谈谈。▪Shehasdecidedtogo.她已决定要走。▪②在feel,find,
think,made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,而补语是形容词,则通常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如:▪Ifinditimpossibletoforgether.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。▪Hethoughtitnecessarytotakeanumbrella
.他认为带把伞是必要的。▪3)作表语▪Herwishistobeateacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。▪Yourdutyistocleantheclassroom.你的任务是打扫教室。▪4)作宾语补足语▪Hewantsm
etocomeearlier.他想要我来得更早些。▪Thepolicemanorderedthemtoturnaround.警察命令他们转过身。▪5)作目的状语:▪Sheopenedthewindowtoletsom
efreshairin.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。▪Iwenttheretoseeheryesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。▪6)作结果状语:▪Heistootiredtogoanyfurther.他太累了,不能再走了。▪Heisnotoldenou
ghtojointhearmy.他年龄太小,不能参军。▪7)作原因状语:▪不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后,可以表示引起这些情感的原因。▪I’msorrytotroubleyou.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。▪I’mgladtoseeyou.见到你真高兴。二、巩固练
习▪一、单项选择▪1.Hehadhislunchalready.▪A.willB.wouldC.hasD.have▪2.MaryspeakEnglishbeforesheleftforEngland.▪A.canB.wasabletoC.couldD.hadbeenabl
eto▪3.Iyourhelp.Icandoitmyself.▪A.needn’tB.don’tneedtoC.needD.don’tneed▪4.somemoreteanow?▪A.DoyoulikeB.Willyoul
ike▪C.WouldyoulikeD.Shouldyoulike▪5.—youthebooktothelibrary?▪—Yes,Iborrowedanotheroneamomentago.▪A.Do,returnB.Are,ret
urning▪C.Will,returnD.Have,returned▪6.Don’tgotoseehim.Hechangedhismind▪A.isB.wasC.willD.has▪7.—Howmanytimes
yourunclebeentoBeijing?▪—Twice.▪A.hasB.haveC.doesD.did▪8.Myboy,youtalktoyourfatherlikethat.▪A.won’tB.hasn’tt
oC.shouldn’tD.hasto▪9.givemeacupofwater,Mary?▪A.ShallyoupleaseB.Willyouplease▪C.PleaseyouD.Pleasedoyou▪10.Iworkoutth
emathsproblemyesterday,butIcanworkitoutnow.▪A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.needn’t▪11.Sinceyouareverytired,youdoittoday.▪A.needn’tB.don’tneedC.ne
edn’ttoD.notneed▪12.LiLigetupat7:30.▪A.usedtoB.usedC.wasusedtoD.usesto▪13.Youanswerthisquestion.▪A.haven’ttoB.don’thavetoC.don’tneedD.
needn’tto▪14.Itwasacoldnight.Anoldmanunderachairinthepark.▪A.islyingB.waslyingC.haslyingD.willlie▪15
.Yougowithusatonce.▪A.needB.shouldC.wouldD.could▪16.—_____IwatchTVafterdinner,Mum?▪—No,you.▪A.May;mustn’
tB.May;don’t▪C.May;won’tD.Must;mustn’t▪17.Oh,sorry.IyouinShanghai.▪A.don’tknow…areB.didn’tknow…were▪C.don’tknow…wereD.haven’
tknown…are▪18.ThePRCin1949.▪A.wasfoundB.foundC.wasfoundedD.founded▪19.—IsXiaoLiintheclassroom?▪—No,hethere.Isawhiminthereadingr
oomjustnow.▪A.can’tbeB.mustn’tbeC.isD.needn’t▪20.—Shallwegotothezootomorrow?▪—.▪A.Yes,weshallB.Yes,y
oushall▪C.Yes,youwillD.Allright▪21.Nobody_____doit.Letme_____.▪A.can,tryB.can’t,totryC.can,totryD.can’t,trying▪22.“_____youlike______bananastoea
t?”“Yes,please.”▪A.Would,someB.Will,anyC.Could,anyD.Can,some▪23.“CanyouanswerthisquestioninEnglish?”“Sor
ry,I_____.”▪A.needn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.mustn’t▪24.“_____Iborrowyourdictionary?”“Certainly,hereyouare.”▪A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Shall▪25.I_____seethewordson
theblackboard._____youwriteabitclearly?▪A.mustn’t,CanB.don’t,willC.can’t,CanD.needn’t,Could▪26.It’sasunnydaytoday.You______takearainco
atwithyou.▪A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can▪27.I’velookedformypeneverywhere,butI______findit.▪A.couldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.didn’t▪28.“____I
speaktoAnn?”“Speaking.”▪A.MustB.MayC.NeedD.Shall▪29.Thesciencebook______goodcareof.▪A.mustbetakeB.musttakeC.mustbe
takenD.musttobetaken▪30.Thestars_____inthedaytime.▪A.can’tbeseeB.can’tseeC.can’tbesawD.can’tbeseen二、用蓝体的情态动词填空(每词只用一次)▪need,needn’t,can,can’t,s
hall,shouldn’tmay,must,mustn’t,haveto,would▪1.Ishowhimtheway,I?▪2.CanyouanswerthisquestioninFrench?No,I.▪3.MayIkeepthebookfo
rthreeweeks?No,you.▪4.Nobodylivewithoutairorwater.▪5.Younotworry.Everythingwillbeallright.▪6.—Ihavesomechocolatesnow?▪—No,youmustn’t.▪7.Chil
drenbeleftalone.▪8.IfinishmyhomeworkbeforeIgotobed.▪9.wegooutforawalk?That’sagoodidea.▪10.youlikesomefish?▪三、把下列句子改为被动语态▪1.Isaw
theboyrunyesterday.▪2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.▪3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.▪4.Doyouwa
teryourflowerseveryday?5Thewindblewdownthebigtreelast▪6.Ithinkthatheisright.▪7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.▪8.M
otherwasnotmendingthetrousers.▪9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.▪10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.▪四、用不定式完成下列各句▪1.(把英语学好)isn’teasy.▪
2.Thisistheroom.(住)▪3.Hemadethechildren.(哭)▪Thebabyisoftenheard.(哭)▪4.Canyoutellme.(如何去那所学校)▪5.There
arequitemarrybooks.(读)▪6.Don’tstop(休息)beforeyoufinishdoingyourhomework.▪7.Motherwantsme.(将来成为一位教师)▪8.Wehaveplanned(去打篮球)tomorrow.▪
9.Thestudentswasmade.(再打扫一遍教室)▪10.It’simportant(友善)andhelpful.