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现在完成时态ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时Presentperfecttense•构成:助动词have/has+过去分词1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一

律用have。eg.Hehasgonetoschool.Theyhavegonetoschool.2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。(回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t

．”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋过去分词”。eg.Hashegonetoschool?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.eg.Hehasn’tgonetoschool.Theyhaven’tgonetoschool.•用法一、•1。表过去发生

的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如•Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。•（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）•Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影

响：不饿)•Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.现在完成时态的分类•1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.•

Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________•2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.•Now,Iknowthisfilmbecau

seI_____________________.•3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.•Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasbought

manybooksforme.haveseenitbeforehavedoneit.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句

：还）never,ever(疑问句)twicerecently(近来）等状语连用1Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.2Ihavejusthadmylunch.Shehasn’tseenyou

before.3Haveyouevereatenfish?Ihavenevereatenfish①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedt

hework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavealredydonethat.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.E

xercises•1.I____already____(have)lunch.•2.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?•3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.•4.Thetwins______just_____(see)myfa

ther.•5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.•6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.havehadHasarrivedhasbeenhavesee

nsawHaveridden7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)that.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do

)itanhourago.8.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?He______ittomorrow.9.Howmanytimes_____you______(co

me)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseenwillseewillseehavecome•用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并

可能还将持续下去。A动词使用延续性动词。B和表示时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/past+一段时间，allone’slife,bynow,thesedays,thesedays、fortwo

years、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.

Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?注意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwowee

ks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间段since2000=for７years(3)since

+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一

段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______I

camehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinc

eforsincesince用for和since填空1.TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Heh

asbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.sin

ceforsinceforsinceSince三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,d

ie,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.—

—HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟

了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变•第一类：动词be+adj.•diefinish•open/c

lose•fallill/asleep•marrysb/getmarriedto•第二类：动词be+介词.•start/begin•leave•joinbedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedb

eonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto•第三类：动词另一个动词•buy•borrow•get/beginto延续性v.•become•puton•eg.keephavebe延续性v.wear•Hisfatherdied2

yearsago.•Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.•Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.•MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.Hisfatherhasbe

endeadfor2years/sincetwoyears.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearmysi

ncetheywere18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days/since3daysago.1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7jo

inbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear13catchacoldh

aveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed17end/finishbeover16becomebe12fallasleepbeasleep注意点四：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have

(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加

拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreat

Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes

.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgon

etoLondon.杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的用法区别1“Have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twic

e、ever、never等时间连用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回来，人不在说话地点。巧记：beento，goneto意不同，两者用法要记清；havebeento+地名，曾经到过某地行；havegon

eto+地点，到某地去了。用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空—Hi，Lucy，youeverBeijing？—No，I.—Whataboutyoursister，Lily？—Oh，sheChengdu，shewillcomebacknextwee

k.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.havebeentohaven’thasgoneto用法四试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1I（live）heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I（live）herein19

98.3---youyourbreakfast？---Yes，Ihave.---Whenyouit？----30minutesago.注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别havelive

dlivedHavehaddidhave现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般过去时的句型转换eg：Ihav

estudiedEnglishforthreeyears-----IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago-----ItisthreeyearssinceIstudiedEnglish注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时

表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweek

sago等试比较：Theplanehasarrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）Ihavetau

ghthereforfifteenyears.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）Itaughthereforayear.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在

这儿任教了）动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：①原形+ed如：worked,passed②词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为

“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化不规则动词的过去式

以及过去分词巧记规律•AAA:put–put–putlet—let–let•ABA:become—became—become•ABB:stand—stood—stood•ABC:eat—ate—eatenAAA•cost

-cost-costread-read-read•put-put-putcut-cut-cut•let-let-letset-set-set•beat-beat-beathit-hit-hit•hurt-hurt-hurtspit-sp

it-spit•rid-rid-rid•一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。•特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[

ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ep

t-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-o

ughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made

-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-

shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-

oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a-

-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gav

e-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-ridde

nget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-doneg

o-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)•1、书籍是朋友,虽然没有热情,但是非常忠实。2023年6月4日星期日2023/6/

42023/6/42023/6/4•2、科学的灵感，决不是坐等可以等来的。如果说，科学上的发现有什么偶然的机遇的话，那么这种‘偶然的机遇’只能给那些学有素养的人，给那些善于独立思考的人，给那些具有锲而不舍的人。2023年6月2023/6/42023/6/42023/6/46/

4/2023•3、书籍—通过心灵观察世界的窗口.住宅里没有书,犹如房间里没有窗户。2023/6/42023/6/4June4,2023•4、享受阅读快乐，提高生活质量。2023/6/42023/6/42023/6/42023/6/4谢谢观赏Youma

demyday!我们，还在路上……