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第二篇词法简单句、并列句、复合句复习要点一、简单句的五种句型二、并列句1、并列句的构成:2、并列句的分类:1)表示同等关系的并列句2)表示转折关系的并列句3)表示选择关系的并列句4)表示因果关系的并列句5)其他形式的并列句三、复合句初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有
:宾语从句、状语从句)和定语从句。简单句简单句只含有一个主谓结构,而且句子的各个成分都由单词或短语组成。简单句根据结构分为五种:1)主语+谓语Thediseasehasspreadallovertheworld
.2)主语+谓语+宾语Iboughtanewbike.3)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾Tomgavemeabirthdaypresent.常用于这种结构的词有:a)间接宾语后置时,其前用介词to:give,how,send,bring,pass,lend,ha
nd,tell,return,write,pay,throw,teach,promise等b)间接宾语后置时,其前用介词for:make,buy,do,get,paint,play,save,order,look,sing,find,serve等难点链接
4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Isawhimseatedthere.注意动词不定式作宾补的情况:a)带to的不定式:ask,tell,invite,get,beg,wish,want,like,prefer,hate,encourage,advice,warn等b)使役性动词hav
e,make,let后要用不带to的不定式c)感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后的宾补如果与宾语在逻辑上是主动关系,则用不带to的不定式或用现在分词形式;如果宾补与宾语在逻辑上是被动关系,则用过去分词作宾补。Isawthewindowcl
osed.5)主语+系动词+表语Sheisadoctor.系动词包括下面几种:a)表示感觉、视觉的系动词:seem,appear,look,taste,smell,sound,feel等b)表示变化的系动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fal
l等c)表示保持某种状态的系动词:be,stay,remain,keep,continue,stand,sit等以上所有这些系动词都可以直接跟adj.Standfirm.Don’tletthemtellyouwhattodo.(要坚定,别让他们对你指手画脚
)难点链接一、并列句的构成:并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。二、并列句的分类:1.表示同等关系的并列句这类并
列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:Helikesplayingfootballandheplayswell.LastyearlmetKateandwebecamefriends.2.表示转折关
系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或althou
gh一起使用。例如:Ithasnomouth,butitcantalk.Schoolisover,yetalltheteachersarestillworking.Hewantstobeawriter,whileIwanttobeascientist.I
t‘sraininghard,however,wemustgoout.并列句难点链接3.表示选择关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。or有两重含义:(1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如:Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecin
ema.(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如:Youmusttellthetruth,oryouwillbepunished.4.表示因果关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前
后简单句。(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两个简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如:Hehasmanygoodfriends,forheisanhonestma
n。(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因)+so牛简单句(结果)。例如:Mr.Liwenttohishometown,soMr.Wangwastakinghisclass
instead.并列句难点链接5.其他形式的并列句(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:Useyourhead,andyouwillfindaway.
(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:Studyhard,oryouWillfallbehindtheothers.(3)“eith
er...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:Eithermyunclecandoit,ormyauntcandoit.习惯上将两个句子合并成Eithermyuncleormyauntcandoit.(4)“notonly…butalso”意思
为“不仅……而且……”,例如:notonlythestudentshavemissedtheschoolcar,butalsotheteacherhasmissedtheschoolcar.(5)“neither…nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,用法与ei
ther…or…,notonly…butalso…相同。并列句难点链接三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况1.并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:Wefishedallday;
wedidn'tcatchafish.2.并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:Myfatherworksinafactoryandmymotherinaschool.3.由so,nor,ne
ither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:Heisnotastudent,noramI.Beibeicanswim,socanI.并列句难点链接3、复合句复合句的某个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语
、状语等,由另一个句子承当。初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有:TheObjectClause(宾语从句)、TheAdverbialClause(状语从句)和TheAttributiveClause(定语从句)。其它诸如主语从句、表语从句、
同位语从句等形式的复合句尽管在教材中也有出现,但在中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。难点链接1.[误]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustno[正]Neithero
fmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.[析]在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neitherofusisright。才能
被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。2.[误]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.[析]由or连接两
主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。3.[误]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwon'tpasstheexam.[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwon'tpa
sstheexam.[析]or作为连词,这里的意思为"否则"。又如:Hurryup,oryou'llbelateforschool.4.[误]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothe
rs.[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.[析]"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构,
但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是",用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然",二者只可用其一。正误辨析5.[误]EitheryouorIareonduty.[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.[析]either…or连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则
。类似的用法还有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。6.[误]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.[正]TomisourEnglishteachera
ndisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。7.[误]Myfatherlikesswimmingandt
ocollectstamps.[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.[析]由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。8.[误]Myfatherisreadi
nganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.[析]两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接
。正误辨析9.[误]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.[析]用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也
要相同。10.[误]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.[析]由notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,其重点在其
后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。11.[误]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudents
iscoming.[析]由aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致。12.[误]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.[析
]nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.这个动物既不像牛也不像马。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeaco
wbutahorse.这个动物不像牛而像马。13.[误]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.[正]Afterschool
somestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.[析]while在此处意为"而,然而"。正误辨析选择填空1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.A
.andB.orC.ifD.so2.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.ThenB.butC.andD.or3.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottotur
noffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.AndB.butC.soD.because4.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherB.
C.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry5.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming.A.OrB.forC.whileD.soAADDC课时训练6.---
-Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout.A.OrB.andC.butD.so7.Marywenttobedearly,
____shefeltverytired.A.OrB.soC.forD.yet8.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made9.Helayinbed____readso
methingborrowedfromlibrary.A.ButB.andC.orD.yet10.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----___
_whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme11.Asheisstrong,____canl
iftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.AndD.he12.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----Ihad,____I’velostit.A.SinceB.butC.b
ecauseD.soACABADB课时训练13.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish.----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.
or,andD.or,but14.----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.but15.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____s
hallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise16.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarriv
ed17.Workhard,___you'llcatchupwithothers.A.andB.butC.orD.for18.Bequick,___you'llbelateforthefootballmatch.A.soB.butC.
andD.or19.WeboughtGrannyapresent,_______shedidn'tlikeit.A.butB.andC.whenD.ifDDCDADA课时训练20.Theboyisonly
ten,_______hecandosomewashinghimself.A.thoughB.butC.orD.so21.Heislisteningtothemusic_______sheiswashingclothes.A.af
terB.beforeC.thatD.while22.Heisrich,_______heisn'thappy.A.orB.soC.andD.but23._______Saturday_______SundayisOK.Iwill
befreeinthesetwodays.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.One;theother24.Mr.Zhangfeltverytired,_______heneededagoodrest.A.andB.soC.orD.but25.___
____humanbeings(人类)_______animalscanlivewithoutair.A.Notonly;butalsoB.Both;andC.Either;orD.Neither;nor26.—Haveyougotanybrothers_______sister
s?—Ihaveasister.A.norB.orC.butD.forA.soB.butC.andD.or27.JimisanAmerican,_______hecanspeakverygoodChinese.A.ifB.soC.butD.becauseBD
DABDBC课时训练