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原形或第三人称单数过去时：谓语用动词的过去式将来时：谓语用will/begoingto+动词原形现在进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词完成时：谓语用had+动词

的过去分词将来时：谓语用would或was/weregoingto+动词原形Healways_____toschoolbybus.A.goB.wentC.goesD.isgoing解析：这句话的意思是他经常坐巴士去上学。句子中出现了一般现在时的标志词always，

主语是he，所以要用第三人称单数。选C。一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作，存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语:※表频率：never，always，often，usually，some

times，onceayear,twiceamonth等。※表时间：onSundays，onMondayafternoon，everyday，inthemorning，everyyear等。e.g.他每天早上七点起床。e.g.Leif经常在他的厕所唱歌。He______upa

t7o’clockeveryday.Leifalways______inherbathroom.getssings②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态，一般不加状语。e.g.地球绕着太阳转。Theearth_______

_aroundthesun.e.g.他开车开得很慢。He________veryslowly.e.g.我妈妈不是很高兴。Mymother______verypleasedturnsdrivesisn’t③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可

以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。e.g.开往厦门的火车将会在早上八点出发。ThetrainforXiamen________at8o’clockinthemorning.e.g.海豚秀将会在20分钟后开始。Thedolphinshow_______intwentym

inutes.leavesbegins④在时间状语从句中(以when,after,before,while,until,assoonas等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子中可以有将来时间

。e.g.请你一到澳大利亚就给我打电话。Pleaseringmeassoonasyou______inAustralia.如果明天不下雨我们就必须去欢乐谷。WemustgotoHappyValleyifit_______raintomorrow.arrivedoesn’tW

e_____thefarmerswiththeapplepickinglastweek.A.willhelpB.helpC.helpedD.arehelping解析：这句话的意思是我们上星期帮助农民摘苹

果。句子中出现了一般过去时的时间标志词lastweek，显然用过去式。选C。一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,可以是一次性的也可以是经常性的。①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时。时间标志词:※ateight，tenminutes

ago,yesterday,lastweek,2yearsago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow等。※when引导的时间状语从句e.g.他刚刚才到家。He_______athomejust

now.e.g.我今早六点就醒来了。I__________atsixthismorning.e.g.昨晚当Evan睡着了他爸爸才回来。WhenEvanfallasleephisfather_______back.arrivedwokeupcame②表示过去一个阶段中经常发生

的事。e.g.刘阿姨的儿子在年轻的时候从来不打篮球。AuntLiu’schildnever_______basketballwhenhewasyoung.时间状语:※last…,in…,from…to…,for+时间段,often,usually,sometimes,alway

s,never等。※when引导的时间状语从句e.g.我昨天很难过因为我没吃早餐。I_____sadyesterdaybecauseIdidn’thavemybreakfast.playedwas动词原形过去式过去分词getgoeatdosaytakegive

comebuygotgottenwentgoneateeatendiddonesaidsaidtooktakengavegivencamecomeboughtboughtThere________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowev

ening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe解析：这句话的意思是明天晚上动物园将会有一场海豚秀。句子中出现了将来时的时间标志词tomorrow，海豚

秀是在计划之内的事情，所以要用句型begoingto，选D。一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。①时间标志词：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one

day,soon,someday,sometime,inthefuture,in+一段时间②结构：主语+will/begoingto/shall+动词原形③注意啦：begoingto与will的区别Th

ere_____twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobeB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave—Alan,it’sl

ate.Whynotgotobed?—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I_______forher.A.waitedB.havewaitedC.amwaitingD.waswaiting解析：句意“艾伦，很晚了，为什么还不睡？”“詹妮还没有回来。我

_____她”。语境分析，艾伦现在是正在等詹妮回来。应用现在进行时态。故选C。--Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?--We____onthegrassanddrawingapictu

re.A.sitB.satC.wassittingD.weresitting解析：此题我们应该看到时间标志词，thistimeyesterday,因此应该是过去进行时态，故选D。现在进行时：现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。过去进行时：表示过去正在发生

的动作。①时间标志词（现在进行时）：now,look,listen（过去进行时）：when,while,at8:00yesterday②结构：主语+be动词（am,is,are/was,were）+doing③注意啦：有几个词可以用现在进行时表将来。--Lucy!Wouldyouliketo

givemeahand?--OK.I_______.A.willcomeB.comeC.amcomingD.wouldcome--Lucy,____you____yourticket?--Notyet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.h

as;foundD.do;find解析：这句话的意思是你找到你的票了吗？从回答中的yet可以得知要用现在完成时态。故选C。现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。

①时间标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段②结构：主语+have/has+done用法：1)有影响：I

havefinishedmyhomework.我已经完成我的作业了。2)表持续：Ihavestayedhereforanhour.我已经在这待了半小时了。瞬间动词&延续性动词若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5m

inutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehere

anhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.10.Iboughttheca

rayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubf

or3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_________homefor2hours.Thedoor_______

___openforawhile.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhas

beeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhavekepthavehadBythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie_______fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstar

tedD.hasbeenon解析：这句话的意思是，当我抵达电影院的时候，电影已经开始十分钟了。从前半句的bythetime中可以得知，这是过去完成时态，发生在过去的过去，而后接的是时间段，所以要用延续性动词。故选B。过去完成时：过

去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。①时间标志词:by(yesterday),bythen,bytheendof(last…),bythetime…②结构：主语+had+done注意啦：过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句,或者

从句是before引导的主句中。e.g.AfterI_________(put)onmyshoesandhat,Iwalkedintothedarkness.穿上鞋子和帽子之后，我走向了黑暗。hadputHeaskedifI_______stayhere.A.would

B.willC.amgoingtoD.wasgoingto解析：这句话的意思是，他问我是否会留下来。宾语从句中主句为过去式则从句必须为相对应的过去时，根据句意要用过去将来时，故选A。过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。①时间标志词:later,s

oon,thenext(day)②结构：主语+would+动词原形注意啦：过去将来时常由于宾语从句中Tomtoldme(that)he___________(go)swimmingthenextday.wouldgo概念结构时

间状语一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作或者行为及目前的某种状况，还可以用来表示某个事情的特点和性质。is/am/areoftenusuallyalwaysSometimeseveryweekneveronceaweekonSundays动词原形

/动词三单have/has一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。was/wereagoyesterdayin1989onedayattheageoftwelvelonglongagothedaybeforeyest

erdayjustnowlastweek/year/month/night动词过去时had一般将来时表示将来某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，或者将来某一段时间经常发生的动作或者状态。will/shall＋v.tomorrowinthefuturenextweek/m

onth/yearis/am/aregoingto＋v.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would/should＋V.thenextday/week/month/year等was/weregoingto＋v.现在进行时表

示说话时正在发生的动作，或现阶段进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。is/am/are＋现在分词nowatthistimeatpresentthesedays过去进行时表示过去某个时间里正在发生的动作或者行为。was/were＋现

在分词thenatthattimeattenlastnight现在完成时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。have/has＋过去分词alreadyjusteverNeveryetsincesofarbeforefor过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或

者行为。had＋过去分词bythetimebeforewegotthereafterbytheendofHesayssomething.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）Hesaysthattheyarefamily.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）引导词语序时态•陈述

句•疑问句•主+谓•师太原则陈述句疑问句that引导whether和if的区别连接代词：whowhomwhosewhatwhich连接代词：whenwhywherehow注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句

中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略1.我听说他很帅。Ihear(that)heishandsome.2.他说他非常喜欢这条裙子。Hesaid(that)helovedthisdressverymuch.3.李易峰告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。LiYifengtold

us(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时e.g.1.Askhim_____________________.（他是猪吗）2.Idon’tknow_________

__________________.（他们是否是男孩）whether(if)heisapigwhethertheyareboysornot说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。If和

whether傻傻分不清楚1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecid

ed.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whetherWhatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?Wheredoesshelive?Doy

ouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why,howfar,ho

wlong,howmany,howmuch,howoften…作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。（从句）（从句）（主句）（主句）引导词句子类型that陈述句一般疑问句if/whet

her特殊疑问词（7W+1h）特殊疑问句由连接代词what,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句whenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhy

thetrainislatewhocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingfor1.Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Do

youknow_________________________.（他们在等谁）3.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我们什么时候开会）4.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪儿）5.Couldyoutellm

e______________________.（我该怎么去车站）6.Wouldyoutellme_________________（为什么火车迟到了）语序！？又是什么鬼！陈述句语序=主语+谓语疑问句语序=谓语+主语将下列

句子换成陈述句语序1.Ishealovelyboy?2.Aretheygoodboys?Heisalovelyboy.Theyaregoodboys.主语谓语主语谓语1.Iwanttoknow____hecanbehereontime.A.whoB.whenC.whereD.which2.Coul

dyoutellme______?A.whatyourmotherdoB.whatdoesyourmotherdoC.yourmotherdoesD.whatyourmotherdoes3.Didyouknow____asportsmeetingnextSa

turday?A.therewouldhavetobeB.iftherewereC.iftherewasgoingtobeD.therewasgoingtohave4.Tellme____,please.A.howoldisheB.howoldheisC.heishowold

D.howolddoeshe将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3

.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.4.Heisdoinghishomework.Hesaid.5.Hewillcomeback.Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutell

mewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.Hesa

yssheisright.Hesaysshewasright.判断yesorno主句是一般现在时从句时态不受限制这就是深藏功与名的Hesaidsheisright.Hesaidshewasright.主句是一般过去时从句时态必须是相对应的过去式什么是相对

应的过去时？HewillgotoHongKong.Heissick.Heisreadingabook.Hehasfinishedhiswork.hewouldgotoHongKong.hewassick.hewasreadingabook.hehadfinishedhiswor

k.Hesaid主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时Hesaidtheearthmovedaroundt

hesun.Hesaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.不变的真理，规律永远都用一般现在时CouldyoutellmehowIcouldgothere?CouldyoutellmehowIcangothe

re?Could,Would等表示委婉语气，时态不受影响判断yesorno主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态（一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时）客观事实、真理

、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时1.当主从句的主语一致时：1)Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.2)Johndidn’td

ecidewhichshirthewouldbuy.Johndidn’tdecidewhichshirttobuy.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn,decide等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”

结构。2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时：1)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepolicestation?Canyoutellmehowtogettothepolicestation?2)PleaseshowmehowIshouldstartt

herecorder.Pleaseshowmehowtostarttherecorder.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯

定式。1.我认为他不会和你一起来。Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.2.我不相信他已经完成了作业。Idon’tbelievehehasfinishedhishomework.当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序

不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?1.Iaskedhimwhetherhe___

___howtopronouncethisword.A.knowsB.knewC.hasknownD.willknow2.Dicksaidthathe______inatraintoWashingtonatsevenyesterday.A.rideB.wouldrideC.wasr

idingD.hadridden3.Petersaidthathe______thewaytothechemist’sshop.A.doesnotknowB.didnotknowC.donotknowD.did

notknew4.Hesaidthathe______thenextday.A.willsetoffB.setC.wouldsetoffD.won’tsetoff5.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_______round.A.isB.wasC.wereD.be1.Th

eradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey______________(play)basketballatsixo’cloc

kyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey___________membersofthePartysince1

948.(be)6.Heaskedwhatthey_____________ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fastertha

nsound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou____________aboutthemurderwillbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingwered

oing9.Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters______from.(be)10.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MrWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)rou

ndthesun.12.Couldyoutellmewho___________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________thereseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinc

lassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhadbeenrisesdidwer

e含有两个或者更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子叫并列句。并列句中各分句之间是并列的，无从属关系。eg:Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthepupil’snameisJohn.主系表+主

系表简单句：主+谓You,heandIaregoodfriends.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstheearlybus.主谓=句子Onecannotseewind,however,itdoesexist.两个句子①and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时，不构成并列句。eg：You,she

andIareallstudents.简单句②both…and,neither…nor连接两个句子成分时，仍属于简单句。eg：BothheandIlikeEnglish.MartinstudiesneitherEnglishnorSpanis

h.并列句不一定用并列连词构成，有时可能用逗号或分号说明两个分句之间的意义为并列关系。eg：Themoonwentdown;thestarsgrewpale;thecolddaybroke;thesunrose.Hurryup,it’sgettinglate.复合句就是由主句和一个或一个以上的从

句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能作全句的一个句子成分，需要通过从属连词、关系代词、关系副词、连接副词等与主句连接起来。一、宾语从句主谓宾二、定语从句三、状语从句主语从句表语从句句子成分：主语谓语宾语补语表语定语状语宾语从句在复合句中可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾

语。连词并列（并列句）从属（从句）1.及物动词后的宾语从句(动宾从句)⑴由从属连词that,if,whether引导。是否if如果条件状语从句eg:Ithinkthat(he'llreturninanhour).主+谓+宾语（一个句子）H

easkedmeif/whetherMissGaowasateacher.⑵由连接代词what,which,who,whose及wh-ever引导。在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。eg:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddon

ext.Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.whatsheshoulddonext.陈述sheshoulddo______ｎｅｘｔ？Canyoutellmewhomyouarewait

ingfor?⑶由连接副词why,where,when,how引导,在句中担任状语的成分。eg：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?Doyourememberhowheca

me?主+谓语+宾语时态语序引导词（4）介词后面的宾语从句（介宾从句）eg：Aliceissorryforwhatshesaid.ShealwaysthinksofhowshecanimproveherspokenEnglish.

⑸某些形容词后的宾语从句eg：Iamgladthatyoucanjoinus.Iamsorry（that）Iamlate.2.引导词it代表宾语从句在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句置于宾语补足语的后面。Itis

+adj.+for/ofsb.+todo....形式主语eg:Ithinkitnecessary(thatweshoulddomorepracticeinEnglishlearning).it=thatweshoulddomo

repracticeinEnglishlearning真正的宾语3.宾语从句的语序宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照主语+谓语的顺序。eg:HeaskedmewhatIdidyesterdayafternoon.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer.4.宾语从

句的时态(1)当主句中谓语是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以按需要使用任何时态。eg:Ihear（that）he'llbebackinafewdays.主：一般现在时态从：一般将来Ihearhecamebackafe

wdaysago.主：一般现在从：一般过去(2)当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态，以便保持与主句谓语动词时态的一致。eg:Shesaidshewasmuchbetterthanbefore.主：过去时从：一般过

去Shesaidshewasreadingastorybookatsevenyesterday.主：一般过去从：过去进行Hetoldmethathewouldtakegoodcareofthebaby.主：过去从句：过去将来Shesaidtheyhad

seenthisfilmseveraltimes.主：过去从：过去完成5.否定转移在主从复合句中，当主句的主语谓第一人称，谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用

肯定式。eg:Idon'tthinkhewillcomewithyou.Idon’tthinkyouareright.6.宾语从句的简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式

结构。eg:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化为

"疑问词+不定式"结构。eg:Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.从属连词从属连词的用法•1.引导宾语从句的从属连词⑴that引导宾语从句•e.g.Ithinkthathelikesfootball.•连词th

at引导宾语从句时，that在句子中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。•e.g.Hesaid(that)Jackwasgoodatswimming.•Mikesaid(that)hewasfeelingill.•⑵if,whether表示“是否”时，两个词都能引导宾语从句。•eg

：Idon’tknowif/whetherTimcome.•Iwonderif/whetherIcanborrowyourcar?•if和whether引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换。If一般在口语中用的比较多，whether在书面语和正式场合下用的比较多。•引导宾语从句，以下情

况下只用whether不用if。•①与动词不定式连用时•e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertogo.•②在介词后面作宾语时•e.g.I’mworriedaboutwhethershecancomehereontime.•③与o

rnot连用时•e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertohaveapartyornot.•IaskedmyfatherwhetherornotIshouldbuyabike.•④宾语从句前置时•e.g.Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay

.•Ican’tsaywhether/ifthisistrue•⑤用if会引起歧义时if如果if是否•e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikeit.•⑥在discuss后•e.g.We’rediscussingwhetherwe’llholdasportsme

eting.•Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.•2.引导状语从句的从属连词•(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有：•when,while,as,before,after,until/till,since,assoonas等。•

①when,while当...的时候•e.g.HewasdoinghishomeworkwhenIcamein.•Icameinwhen/whilehewasdoinghishomework.•As/When/Whilehewasdoinghishomework,Icamein.•②be

fore"在...之前"；after"在...之后“e.g.I'llstayherebeforemymothercomesback.Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowyourdecision.③until"直到....."e.g.Iknewnothi

ngaboutituntilhetoldme.•④since"自从....以来"•e.g.It'sfiveyearssinceIstudiedEnglish.•IhavelivedinBeijingsinceIcametoChina.•⑤asso

onas"一....就....“•e.g.I‘llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.主将从现•(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：as,because,since等。•e.g.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewa

sill.•Sinceeverybodyishere,let‘sbegin.既然，鉴于•We'dbetterhurryasitisgettinglate.••(3)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有：where,wherever等。•e.g.Wherevershema

ybe,shewillbehappy.•Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.•Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.••(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词：if,unless（除非）,aslongas只要等。•e.g.Hewillnotcomeunlessh

eisinvited.•You'llbelatefortheclassifyoudon'thurry.•Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.•(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词：sothat,inorderthat•

e.g.Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatch•thefirstbus.•IcamehereinorderthatImighttakeagoodlookat•then

ewbridge.•(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词：so....that,such....that等。•如此…以致于…•e.g.IworkedsohardthatIgotthefirstplace.•IworkedsuchhardthatIgotfirstplace.•Heshut

thewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.•(7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词：•though/although,evenif/eventhough等。•e.g.Evenifyou

werehereyesterday,youcouldn’thelphim.Thoughheisold,hestillworkshard.•↗a/an+adj.+名词=so+adj.+a/an+名词•⑴such+that从句•↘adj.+不可数名词/可

数复数•eg：Heissuchacleverboythatwealllikehim.•suchacleverboy=socleveraboy•⑵so修饰形容词或副词•so+adj./adv.+that从句•eg：Heissocleveraboythatwealllikehim.•⑶当复数名词前有

many,much,few,little等表示数量多少的形容词时用such.•eg：Heissuchalittleboythathecan'treadorwrite.••••both1.代词：意为“两者都”,谓语动

词用复数。•eg：BothofusarefromAmerica.•=WearebothAmericans.•2.形容词：修饰名词时，名词使用复数。•eg：Bothhiseyeswereseriouslyburned.•3.连词：与and连用，意为“两者都”连接主语时谓语动词用复数。•eg:Bot

hmybrotherandIarefootballplayers.••••either1.代词:意为“两者中的任何一个”,谓语动词用单数。•eg:Eitherofthegirlsisverybeautiful.•2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。•eg:Eithergi

rlisverybeautiful.•3.连词:与or连用：either…or…意为“不是...就是...，要么...要么...，或者...或者”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近原则）•eg:EitheryouorIamwrong.•••neither1.代词:

意为“两者中任何一方都不”both的反义词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。•eg:Neitherofthebooksismine.•2.形容词:修饰名词时，名词使用单数。•eg:Neitherboycanswim.•3.连

词:与nor连用：neither…nor…意为“既不…也不…”连接两个并列的句子成分（连接主语时，谓语动词就近选择）•eg:NeitherInorheisateacher.•••though和although虽然….但是….•①

although和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。but•eg：Though/Althoughmycarisveryold,Idon'twanttobuyanewone.•=Mycarisveryold,butIdon'twanttobuyanewone.•②even能

和though组合表示强调，但even不能和although组合。•eg：Eventhoughwecouldaffordit,wewouldn'tgoabroadforourvocation.•③当让步状语从句指某种假设

情况时，通常用though,而不用although。•eg：Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishouldstillholdtomyopinion.•④though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末。•eg：Shedidn'ttellme

whatshehaddone,butIknowitthough.Exercise•1.Peterwillcookforherparents___theInternationalDayofFamiliescome.•A.unlessB.whenC.untilD.though•2.

Myfatherlikereadinganewspaper___heishavingbreakfast.•A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.thoughExercise•3.Friendsshouldhelpeachother____theyareint

rouble.•A.beforeB.whenC.butD.and•4.Mymomtookmetothepark____shewashedtheclothes.•A.afterB.nowC.whatD.

whichExercise•5.---Whatshallwedonow?•---____it'sraininghard,let'sstayathome.•A.SoB.SinceC.ThoughD.If•

6._______theyaretwinbrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachother.•A.ThoughB.SinceC.HoweverD.WhenExercise•7.Insummer,foodgo

esbadeasily______itisputintherefrigerator.•A.untilB.ifC.unless•8.---WouldyoupleasegivethisbooktoMary?•---Sure,I'llgiveittohe

r___shecomesback.•A.beforeB.assoonasC.tillExercise•9.Thelittleboyis________young_______hecan’tgotoschool.•A.enough;toB.too;to

C.so;thatD.such;that•10.Myunclehasbeentaughtinthisschool_______hewastwentyyearsold.•A.sinceB.forC.untilD.a

fterExercise•11.___yougo,aminuteis60seconds,anhouris60minutes,andadayis24hours.•A.whereverB.whereC.wh

eneverD.when••12.Afterclimbingthehill,Iwas____tried____Icouldhardlywalk.•A.so;thatB.such;that•C.as;asD.notso;as并列连词要点一：并列连词的用法•⑴表示联合关系的并列连词a

nd,both…and,neither…nor,notonly...butalso,aswellas.e.g.Iamateacherandheisadoctor.•②BothhisfatherandhismotherlikewatchingTV.

•③Neitherhenorsheisathometoday.•④Notonlytheyoungbutalsotheoldcanspeak•Englishthere.••⑤Tomaswellashis

friendswantstogohiking.••⑵表示转折关系的并列连词••but,while,however,yet•eg:Iwanttohelpyou,butIreallydon'tknowwhatto

do.•IlikemathwhilemybrotherlikesChinese.•Wearetiredafterthetour.However,wearehappy.•④Sheworkedhard,yetshefailed.••

⑶表示选择关系的并列连词•or,either…or•eg：Doyouoftengotoschoolbybikeoronfoot?•Eitheryouorhehastogo.•⑷表示因果关系的连词•for,so••eg:Theshopwasquitenew,forithadopenedonly

•theweekbefore.•Itwaslate,sowewenthome.•Exercise•1.Mr.GreencametoChinain2000____hehaslivedhereeversince.•A.andB.orC.butD.so•2.____you____yourbro

thercanjoinus.Wewantoneofyou.•A.Both;andB.Neither;nor•C.Either;orD.Notonly;butalso•3.Bruceisaqueitstud

ent,____heisactiveinclass.•A.soB.andC.butD.or•4.Noneoftheshoesintheshoparetherightsize.•Theyare___toobig___toosmall.•A.both;andB.neither;nor•C.ei

ther;orD.notonly;butalso•5.I’mlookingforababysitter.Shemustbe____tooold•_____too•young.•A.neither;norB.both;and•C.either;orD.notonly;bu

talso6.—Iwon’tgotothepartytomorrow.•—________youtoldmeyouwould.What’shappening?•A.ButB.SoC.And•7.Stopcuttingtrees,_______theearthwillbeco

me•worseandworse.••A.andB.butC.orD.then•8.Iknow___Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,•butIwon'tfinishworkinguntilteno'clock.•A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why代词的种类人称代词物主

代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词人称代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit数格人称主语宾语表语系动词后面的部分就是表语1.句法功用(1)人称代词的主格形式在

句中作主语等成分。eg:Theyareallgoodstudents.Sheisgoingtoanothercity.her(2)人称代词的宾格形式在句中作宾语和表语。eg:Doyouunderstandher?宾

语hernameisRachel.表语Wearewaitingforyou.宾语Openthedoor.It’sme.Itisme.2.注意事项如果同时出现多个人称代词，注意排序。（1）为了表示礼貌和谦虚，排列次序总是习惯将第二人称、第三人称放在前面，将第一人称放在后面。单数“

二三一youhe/she/itI”Eg:HeandIlikegreentea.You,sheandIshouldhelpeachother.注意事项(2)如果是承担责任，说话者应把第一人称放在第一位。eg:IandTombrokethewind

ow.(3)复数形式“一、二、三”（we,youandthey）eg:We,youandtheyshouldhelpeachother.单数人称代词231承担责任123复数形式123Exercise1.________(我)ama

teacher.2.Myfatheristalkingwith_______(我).3._______(他)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool.4._______(我们)buyap

airofshoesfor_______(他).We主格our形容词性物主代词us宾格himExercise1.Whotaught____________mathslastyear?A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirstaughtteach教的过去式teachsb.s

th系动词后是表语2.Readingmorehelps_______learnbetter.A.WeB.usC.ourD.ours物主代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryou

rtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs数人称格Mybookisonthedesk,yoursisonthetable.=yourbook名词性物主代词=

形容词性物主代词+名词用法1.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句中只能作定语，即形容词性物主代词后面一定要接一个名词。eg：Mybooksareoverthere.Iwaslookingformygl

asseseverywhere.形容词性物主代词+名词(2)名词性物主代词起名词作用，因此其后不能接名词。在句中可作主语，表语，宾语。eg:Itisn’tyourruler.It’smine.表语Yoursisinyourdesk.主语yo

urrulerIhavelostmydictionary.Pleaselendmeyours.宾语yourdictionaryExercise1.Mybookisblue.__Yours_______(y

ou)isred.2.Ourchairisbetterthan__chair(they).3.Iwillgivethepresentsto________(they).4.Thesebooksare________(I),andthoseare____(you).反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单

数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称数习惯用语Exercise5.Wecan’tleaveourgrandparentsby_____.A.theyB.th

emC.themselfD.themselves6.Becarefulwiththatknife,oryou’llcut_______.A.himselfB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.themselves人称代词，物主

代词，反身代词总表指示代词“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”this指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。thesethat指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。those用法1.this,that用于指代单数名词；these,those用于指代复数可

数。eg:Thisismybook,andtheseareyours.ThosecarsaremadeinChina.2.this/these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物而that/those常指时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物

。eg:Thispresentisforyouandthatoneisforyourmom.Weareveryhappythesedays.3.为了避免重复，可用that/those用来指代前面提到的名词。eg:Thisbooki

snotsointerestingasthatIreadyesterday.Thevegetablesinthisstorearecheaperthanthoseinthatstore.4.this，that在电话用语中可以指自己

和对方。eg:A:IsthatMr.Smithspeaking?B:Whoisthat?A:ThisisMary,Mr.Smith.疑问代词用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词。主格宾格所有格指人whowhomWhose指物whatWhatWhose

指人或物whichwhichWhose指代格Who是主格，用于询问别人的姓名、身份或关系，在句中作主语或表语；whom是宾格，在句中作宾语。Eg:whoputthelightout?Whoisthatgirl?Whom

/whodidyoumeetlastnight?WhomisTomtalkingabout?1.Who和whom的用法Whose既可以作名词用，也可以作形容词用。Eg：whosebookisthis?whosei

sthedesk?2.Whose的用法What既可以作名词用，也可以作形容词用。Eg：Whatmakeshimsohappy?whatclassdoesheteach?whatisshe?whatareyoudoing?3.What

的用法Which表示在一定范围内选择，意为“哪一个”，回答通常为一个。Eg：Thisismine.Whichisyours?whichofyouistheoldest？whichwouldyoulike,te

aorcoffee?whichbookismoreinteresting?4.Which的用法不定代词不明确指代某个人或某些人、某个事物或某些事物的代词。1表示不确定的人或事物的不定代词one某人或事物some某个某些any任何一个

no没有each/every每个none没有other别的another另一个something某事somebody/someone某人anybody/anyone任何一个人everybody/everyone每个人nobody/noone没有人2表示不确定的数量的不定代词ma

ny许多much许多few很少little很少most大部分all全部3表示不确定的选择的不定代词either两者中的任意一个neither两者中没有一个none三者或三者以上不定代词不明确指代某个人、某些人或某些事物的代词。常见不定代词的用法和辨析：1.S

ome,any2.many,much3.both,all,either,neither4.none,noone5.few,afew,little,alittle6.each,every7.it,one,that8.othe

r,another1.Some和anySome和any均表示“一些”。e.g.:Therearesometreesbehindthehouse.Doyouhaveanyquestions?Wouldyoulikesometea?Youmaygothereanytime.注意（1）some和an

y都可以表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。（2）some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句和条件句中。（3）在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或者表示请求、建议时用some。any也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”。2.many和much两者都表示

“许多，大量”。e.g.TherearesomanybooksthatIdon’tknowwhichtochoose.I’vegottoomuchworktodo.注意（1）many修饰可数名词；（2）much修饰不可数名词；

（3）两者都可以与表示程度的副词so,too,how连用。3.both，all(1)both表示“两者都”。e.g.Bothplansaregood.BothsheandIarestudents.(2)all“表示三者

或三者以上都”。e.g.Theyallagreetostayhere.Allofusdon’tliketea.注意（1）both表示“两者都”，常与and连用，作主语时，谓语用复数。（2）both和all在句中作主语时，若与否定的谓语连用，则表示部分否定，意为“不都是…..”,不能译为“

都不是…..”.4.either,neither(1)either表示“两个当中的任意一个”；e.g.Wouldyoulikeeitherofthese？Ihaven’treadeitherofthese(books)．Ei

theryouorheisright.(2)neither表示“两者都不”。e.g.neitherofushasbeentoBeijing.Sheisneitherclevernorhardworking.注意（1）ei

ther指两个中的任意一个，常与or搭配，either….or…指“不是….就是…..”.（2）neither指“两个人或物中一个也不”，常与nor一起搭配。Neither….nor….“既不…也不….”.(3)Either….or…和neither….nor….连接的并

列结构作主语时，谓语动词应该与离它近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。常见不定代词的用法和辨析：1.none,noone2.each,every3.it,one,that4.other,another5.few,afew,little,ali

ttle1.None，noone1).none表示“三者或三者以上都不”；e.g.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.Noneoftheseclothesfit/fitsmewell.Howman

ystudentsarethereintheroom?Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?Isthereanywaterinthecup?(2)noone表示“没有一个人”；e.g.Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.—Whoisinth

eroom?—Noone.—Isthereanyoneintheroom?—Noone.注意（1）none既可以独立使用，也可以与of连用。（2）none指代人或物，既可以代替可数名词单复数，也可以代替不可数名词。(3)Noone只指人，不与of连用。谓语用单数。一般回

答以who引导的特殊疑问句。2.each,every每一个e.g.Thereisalineoftreesoneachsideoftheriver.Everystudenthashisowndictionary.整体Eachstu

denthashisowndictionary.个体Eachhashisgoodpoint.Eachofthechildrenhasaredbag.注意（1）each强调个体，用于指两个或两个以上的人或事物；（2）every强

调整体情况，用于指三个或三个以上的人或物；(3)every用作形容词，在句中作定语，each既可用作形容词，又可用作代词。3.it,one,that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。e.g.Ihavelostmyumbrella,I‘mlookingforit.Ihavelostmyum

brella,IthinkImustbuyone.TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.同类异物注意（1）one泛指上下文提及的同类事物的一个，同类而不同物；（2）it指代前面提到过的事物，同类且同物；(3)that常用于比较句

结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。4.other,theother,others,theothers,anothereg:(1)Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?(2)Ihavetwop

ens,oneisred,theotherisblue.(3)Somestudentsarerunning,andothersareplayingbasketball.(4)Thereareonlyfivestudents.Wherearetheothers?155O

negoestothepark,theothergoestothezoo.Somegotothepark,othersgotothezoo.Somegotothepark,theothersgotothezoo.Onegoestothepark,anothergoestothezoo.Some

gotothepark,()gotothezoo.Somegotothepark,()gotothezoo.注意（1）other意为“另外的”，一般作定语；（2）theother表示“两个中另外一个”，常与one连用，构成”one…..theoth

er…”;(4）theothers特指其余的人或物。(3)Others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式。(5）another指三个或三个以上的另一个。5.few,afew,little,alittlee.g.Ihavebeen

toBeijingafewtimes.TinacanspeakalittleChinese.Thereisalittleraininspringhere,isthere？I’vemadequiteafewfriendshere.注意（1）few

和afew修饰可数名词，little和alittle修饰不可数名词。（2）afew和alittle表肯定意义，意为“有几个，有一点”；few和little表示否定意义，意为几乎没有。(3)口语中常用onlyafew或onlya

little表示“只有一些/点”，quiteafew表示“相当多”。复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。something(某事物),someb

ody(某人),someone(某人),anything(任何事物),anybody(任何人),anyone(任何人),nothing(没事物),nobody(没人),noone(没人),everything(一切事物),everybody(每个人),e

veryone(每个人)共十二个。1.修饰后置成分eg:somethingimportantnothingelsesomethingtoeatThisissomethingspecial.2.不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg:Somethingiswrongwi

thyourbike.Nothingisdifficultifyouputheartintoit.3.与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some,any的用法相同。eg：Isanybodyhere?Would

youlikesomethingtodrink?AnythingisOK.4.复合不定代词的否定“notevery-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。eg：Noteverythingwillgowell.“notanything/anyo

ne/anybody”和nothing/nobody/noone"均表示全否定。eg：Helistened,butheardnothing.=Helistened,butdidn’thearanyth

ing.Exercise1.—Mum,I’mhungry.Isthere______toeat?—Yes,youcanhavesomebreadonthetable.A.somethingB.nothingC.a

nything2.—Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?,—I'dlike_____withagardeninfrontof____.A.It,oneB.one,oneC.one,itD.it,i

tExercise3.Asmilecosts________,butgivessomuch.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything4.I'vegotseveralnovelswrittenbyMoYan.Youcanborr

ow______ifyoulike.A.itB.oneC.everyD.EitherExercise5.—WhatdoyouthinkofthemoviebyZhaoWei?—Terrific.Ilike______verymuch.A.itB.himC.herD.you6.—Whohel

pedyoucleanthebedroomyesterday,Kitty?—_______.Icleaneditallbymyself.A.SomebodyB.NobodyC.EverybodyD.AnybodyExercise7.Myhostfamilytriedtoco

ok_____formewhenIstudiedinNewZealand.A.differentsomethingB.differentanythingC.somethingdifferentD.anythingdifferentExercise8.My

familyhastwodogs.Oneiswhite,____isblack.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherDothers9.－Haveyoureadtoday’snewspaper?－No,Ihaven’t.Isthere______init?A

.somethingimportantB.anythingspecialC.newanything定语从句点击添加标题点击添加标题在复合句中作定语、修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。n.有不好的结局的故事Idon'tlikestori

esthathaveunhappyendings.先行词主语谓语宾语定语从句修饰先行词that是关系词，在定语从句中充当主语。一.关系代词点击添加标题点击添加标题(1)who,whomwho在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。eg:Thegirlswho/thatwerebadlyhur

tintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Heisthemanwhom/who/thatIsawyesterday.一.关系代词点击添加标题点击添加标题(2)whose谁的whose用来指人或指物，在从句中作定语（若指物，还可与ofwhich互换）。eg:Thisis

thestudentwhosebikewasstolenlastweek.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.一.关系代词点击添加标题点击添加标题(3)whichwhich指物，在句中作主语或宾语。eg:Thecoatwh

ichIputonthedeskisblack.Hereisthepenwhichyoulostyesterday.一.关系代词点击添加标题点击添加标题(4)thatthat既可指人又可指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在句中作主语或宾语，但不能

作介词的宾语。eg:Ihatepeoplewho/thattalkmuchbutdolittle.Thepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisourteacher.宾语注意点击添加标题点击添加标题先行词指物时，在下

列情况下只能用that引导，不用which引导：1.当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。eg:Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tunderstand?Tomto

ldhismotherallthathadhappened.注意点击添加标题点击添加标题2.当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。eg:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.3.当序数词或形容词最

高级修饰先行词时。eg:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.注意点击添加标题点击添加标题4.当先行词前有only,all,any,no等词修饰时。eg：Iwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenby

LuXun.5.当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。eg：Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?二.关系副词点击添加标题点击添加标题(1)when先行词表示时间且在定语从句中作状语。when相当于“介词+which”。先行词时间eg:

Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.theyearinwhichI'llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjo

inedtheleague.二.关系副词点击添加标题点击添加标题(2)where先行词表示地点且在定语从句中作状语。when相当于“介词+which”。eg:Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Thisisthefactorywhere/atwhichm

yfatherworked.Myfatherworkedatthefactory.二.关系副词点击添加标题点击添加标题(3)why先行词表示原因且在定语中充当状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。eg:Givemethereasonwhyyouwerelate.Wedon'

tknowthereasonwhyhesuddenlyfellill.副词1.副词概述2.比较级和最高级的用法3常用副词辨析副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一类词。同形容词一样，也有比较等级的变化。一.副词的分类1.时间副词2.地点

副词3.方式副词4.频度副词5.程度副词6.疑问副词7.关系副词8.连接副词e.g.I’llgotheretomorrow．Tomorrowisanotherday.omorrow1.时间副词now,yesterday,today,tomorrow,before,ago,

soon,immediately,lately等。e.g.Irememberhavingseenhimsomewhere.Wehadameetinghereyesterday.2.地点副词here,there,u

pstairs,downstairs,home,somewhere,in,out,off,outside,inside等e.g.Shedancedbeautifully.TheyspeakEnglishwell.Hebehaved

badly.3.方式副词slowly,well,badly,fast,hard,carefully,happily,quietly,heavily,warmly,correctly,politely,angrily等。4.频度

副词e.g.Shesometimescomeslate.Hehasneverbeenlate.always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等。5.程度副词e.g.

Hedrivesverycarefully.Tinaisquitepretty.very,quite,too,much,so等。e.g.Whereareyougoing?Wherewereyouborn?when,where,why,how等.6.疑问副词7.关系副词when,where,why

e.g.ThisistheplacewhereIfirstmether.e.g.Doyourememberhowhecame?8.连接副词when,where,why,how状语二.副词的句法功用定语表语宾语补足语e.g.Hereadveryfast.Luckily,Johnwasinwhe

nIcalled.1.作状语在句子当中修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。e.g.Thespeakernowisabeautifulgirl.Thechairhereisveryhelpful.2.作定语少数的时间副词和地点副词在句子当中修饰名词和

代词作定语。e.g.Heisnotin.Imustbeoffnow.3.作表语副词跟在系动词后面作表语。e.g.Isawyououtwithmysisterlastsaturday.Isawhimoffwithmyfriendtwoda

ysago.4.作宾补补充说明宾语的动作,行为,性质，状态等。副词在句中的位置多变，可以放在句首、句中或句尾。而且，不同类别的副词的位置也不同，需要根据具体情况具体分析。副词的位置⑵副词修饰形容词或副词时，一般前

置。e.g.Thestudentsworkveryhard.Theroomisbigenoughtolivein.在修饰形容词或副词时，enough作为副词常放在修饰词之后。但作为形容词修饰名词时，常放在名词前。eg：Idon'

thaveenoughmoneytobuythishouse.注意⑶时间、地点副词放在句末或句首。eg：Theygotherejustnow.TomorrowI’mgoingtoattendameeting.⑷频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，系动词和情态动词和第一个助动词

之后。eg:We’reneverlate.Heoftencomeslate.Therewashardlyacloudinthesky.⑸方式副词通常放在不及物动词之后，及物动词之前或宾语后，如果宾语过长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。eg：Heworkshard.Hequietlyleft

theroom.HespeaksEnglishverywell.Mr.Wangwrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.副词比较等级的构成规则变化原级比较级最高级early早earlier更早earliest最早fastfaste

r更快fastest最快slowlymoreslowly更慢mostslowly最慢happilymorehappily更高兴mosthappily最高兴不规则变化原级比较级最高级well好bette

r更好best最好badly差worse更差worst最差much多more更多most最多little少less更少least最少副词比较等级的用法1.原级的用法(1)A+行为动词+as+副词原级+as+B表示“A和B一样”e.g.HespeaksEnglishaswellasafo

reigner.Icanrunasfastashecan.(2)A+行为动词+not+as/so+副词原级+asB….表示“A不如B”e.g.Hedoesn’tdrawaswellastheteacher.2.比较级的用法A+行为动词

+副词比较级+than+Be.g.Maryrunsfasterthanme.Hegotupearliertodaythanyesterday.3.最高级的用法A+行为动词+(the)副词最高级+in/of…..e.g.Johnrunsfastes

tinourteam.Ofallthestudentsinourclass,shewritesmostbeautifully.要点一：常见副词的用法及辨析•Point1：•very与much表示“很，非常”•eg：It'sverynice.•HespeaksEnglish

verywell.•Shesaidshewasmuchbetterthanbefore.•IlikeEnglishverymuch.IlikeEnglishmuch.•very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词用•Point2

：•hard和hardly•eg：Hestudieshard.•Stoneisveryhard.•Hehardlystudies.••hard作为副词，意为“猛烈地，辛苦地，努力地”；用作形容词，意为“困难的，坚硬的”；•hardly表

否定，意为“几乎不”。•Point3：•too,also,either表示“也（不）”•eg：I'mfine,too.•Chinesetake-awayfoodisalsopopular.•Wealsohaveelevenplayersinat

eam.•Wedon'tlikethesamecolour,either.•too和also用于肯定句中，too常用语口语中，置于句末；also常用语书面语中，置于be动词之后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句句尾。•频度副词Youareneverinthes

chool.•Sheoftengetsupat9o’clock.•Point4：•toomuch和muchtoo•toomuch意为“太多，非常”，相当于形容词,常用来修饰不可数名词，也可单独使用。•eg：The

reistoomuchiceontheroad,andyoumust•becareful.相当于名词•eg：Toomuchwashappeningallatonce．••用作副词•eg：Don'teattoomuch.•toomuch和muchtoo•muchtoo修饰形容词和副词的原级，意为

“非常，及其”。•eg：Itismuchtoohottoday.•Youaredrivingmuchtoofast．•Exercise•1.Idon'tthinkthisshirtfitsher.It's____small•forher.•A.muchtoo非常，太B.verym

uch•C.toomuch太多D.somuch•2.Heeats___food,soheis____fat.A.muchtoo;toomuchB.muchtoo;toomanyC.toomuch;muchtooD.toom

uch;manytoo•Point5：•sometime,sometime,sometimes,sometimes•频率副词有时候•eg：Newstudentswillcometoourschoolsometi

me•nextweek.•Ittookmesometimetofinishreadingthebook.•sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”；•Point5：•sometime,sometime,sometimes

,sometimes,•eg:Sometimes,Iknowwhatshe'sthinking.•IhavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes.•sometimes指“有时候”；•sometimes表示“倍数，次数”。•巧学妙记：sometimesometime分开“一段时间

”,相聚“某个时候”；S连住是“有时”,分开“几次”、“几倍”行sometimessometime•Point6：•howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar•1.—Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?•—Fo

rtenyears.Since1991.•howlong意为“多长时间”，就“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”提问，对howlong引起的问句也要用for或since引起的时间来回答。•2.—Howsooncanyoufinishthework?•—Intwo

days.•howsoon意为“多久之后”，就“in”引起的将来的时间提问，对howsoon问句也要用“in”引起的表示将来的时间回答，howsoon问句是将来时态。•3.—Howoftendoyouwatertheflowers?•—Oncead

ay.••howoften意为“多长时间一次”，就频率提问，常用once/twice/threetimesaweek或everyfivedays等短语回答。•4.—Howfaristhat?•—Abouttenkilometres.

•howfar意为“多远”，就距离提问。•Exercise•sometime,sometimes,sometimes,sometime•某个时候有时次数一段时间•1.—Howoftendoyouwritetoyourfa

ther？•—_sometimes__．•2.—Whencanyoufinishthework？•—__sometime____nextmonth．•3.—HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVeveryweek？•—_

___sometimes__.•4.—HowlongcanIbeaway？•—__sometime____.固定搭配高频考点之1、Don'tforget_____yourbookstoschool.A．bringB．tobringC．brought2、I'llremember_____herthe

letter.A．giveB．givingC．togive3、Heturnedontheradioandstopped_____totheradio.A．listenedB．tolistenC．listening一、动词后接不

定式（todo）affordtodosth.agreetodosth.asktodosth./asksb.todosth.begtodosth./begsb.todosth.choosetodosth.decidetodosth.demandtodosth.determ

inetodosth.expecttodosth./expectsb.todosth.feartodosth.担负得起做某事赞同做某事要求做某事/请（叫）某人做某事恳求做某事/恳求某人做某事选择做某事决定

做某事要求做某事决心做某事期待做某事/期待某人做某事惧怕做某事helptodosth./helpsb.todosth.hopetodosth.learntodosth.managetodosth.offertodosth.plantodosth.preparetodosth.pretendtod

osth.promisetodosth.refusetodosth.wanttodosth.协助做某事希望做某事学习做某事设法做某事自愿提出做某事计划做某事准备做某事假装做某事承诺做某事拒绝做某事想要做某事wishtodosth./wishsb.todosth.failtodosth.

longtodosth.happentodosth.struggletodosth.wanttodosth./wantsb.todosth.advisesb.todosth.allowsb.todosth.encouragesb.todosth.希望做某事未能做某事盼望做某事碰巧

做某事努力做某事想要做某事/想要某人做某事建议某人做某事允许某人做某事鼓励某人做某事invitesb.todosth.needsb.todosth.ordersb.todosth.prefersb.todosth.remindsb.todosth

.tellsb.todosth.trainsb.todosth.邀请某人做某事需要某人做某事命令某人做某事宁愿某人做某事提醒某人做某事告诉某人做某事训练某人做某事将句子补充完整：1.我妈妈昨天决定坐飞机去香港。·Mymother___________________

___________HKbyplaneyesterday.2.我们的数学老师每天都叫我们完成作业。Ourmathteacher________________________________homeworkeveryday.3.我希望你再打我一次I_

________________________meagain.注：希望某人做某事只能用wishsb.todosth.没有hopesb.todosth.这一用法.decidedtogotoasksustofini

shwishyoutohit1、Ithinkhereallyenjoys_________Englishnovels.A．readB．toreadC．reading2、Weshouldoftenpractice________Englishwitheachother.A．tospeakB

．speakingC．speak3、Ittookmydadonly20minutestofinish_________mycar.A．repairingB．torepairC．repairadmitdoingsth.advisedoingstha

llowdoingsth.appreciatedoingsth.avoiddoingsth.considerdoingsth.denydoingsth.discussdoingsth.dislikedoingsth.enjoydoingsth.二、动词后接动名词（doing）承认做某事建议做某事

允许做某事感谢做某事逃避做某事考虑做某事拒绝做某事讨论做某事不喜欢做某事享受做某事finishdoingsth.forbiddoingsth.forgivedoingsth.giveupdoingsth.imaginedoingsth.keepdoingsth.mentiondo

ingsth.minddoingsth.missdoingsth.完成做某事禁止做某事原谅做某事放弃做某事想象做某事持续做某事提到做某事介意做某事错过做某事practicedoingsth.preventdoingsth.reportdoingsth

.suggestdoingsth.understanddoingsth.练习做某事阻止做某事报告做某事建议做某事理解做某事将句子补充完整：1.我认为你不应该逃避写作业。·Ithinkyoushould

not_____________________________.2.Leif并不介意你昨天说他胖。Leif_________________you__________________________yesterday.3.我正在考虑

参军。I’mconsidering________________________________.avoiddoinghomeworkdidn’tmindcallinghimfatjoiningthearmy1、Don'tforget_____yourbookstoschoo

l.A．bringB．tobringC．brought2、I'llremember_____hertheletter.A．giveB．givingC．togive3、Itwaseleveno'clock,shestoppedthechildfrom_____TV.A．

watchB．watchingC．towatch三.动词后接不定式或动名词的8个动词remembertodosth.记得要去做某事doingsth.记得曾做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事doingsth.忘记曾做过某事goontodosth.做完手头的事去做另一件事doings

th.继续做完手头的事stoptodosth.停止手头的事去做另一件事doingsth.停止做手头的事trytodosth.竭尽全力尝试做某事doingsth.做某事试试看meantodosth.计划、打算去做某

事doingsth.意味着做某事can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事doingsth.情不自禁做某事regrettodosth.后悔（遗憾）要去做某事doingsth.后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事tod

o/doing选一选1.Vivi今天忘记吃药了。Viviforgot____________herpillstoday.2.我不是故意要伤害你的感情的。Idon’tmean___________your

feelings.3.他就是忍不住要去玩那个玩具火车。Hejustcan’thelp_____________________thattoytrain.totaketohurtplayingwith4.人们不

应该尝试吸烟,吸烟有害身体健康。Peopleshouldn’ttry___________becauseitisharmful.5.Tommy停下来跟我打了个招呼。Tommystopped__________________tome.6.别放弃！继续跑！Don’tgiv

eup!Goon________________.smokingtosayhirunning1、Theboylikes______questions.A．askB．answerC．asking2、We'lltry______thereontime.A．togetB．

gettingC．got3、Theyhoped______theirmothersoon.A．toseeB．sawC．seeing4、Heoftenhelpsme_____mybike.A．mendingB．mend

C．tomende5、Whatabout_____inthenextdoor?A．singsB．tosingC．si6、Theworkiseasy.Lethim_____itbyhimself.A．doB．

todoC．doing7、DoesJackwant_____awriter?A．beB．isC．t8、Thebosshadthem_____frommorningtonight.A．workedB．workingC．w9、Tomi

skind.Hewouldlike_____you.A．tohelpB．helpC．h10、Hewillteachme_____thisyear.A．toskateB．skatingC．skated11、Theyaskedhim_____anynoise.A．notmakingB．nomake

C．nottomake12、Hetoldthem_____onwiththework.A．togoB．goingC．went13、Thedoctorwasbusy_____onthewomanatthattime.A．operateB．operatingC．tooperat14、Itwasv

erylateatnighthestillwenton_____.A．worksB．workedC．working15、Theteacheraskedme_____thequestioninEnglish

.A．answerB．toanswerC．answering2023/6/4Seeyounexttime!!!冠词不定冠词（a、an泛指）定冠词(the特指)零冠词Itookapearandanapplefromtheplate.辨析不定冠词a/an的区别a用在以辅音因素开头的单词前；a

n用在以元音音素开头的单词前。auniversityinAsia[ju]元音音标还是辅音音标呢？aone-windowhall[w]anunfinishedtask26个字母anhonestboyThereis____“i”

intheword“university”一、不定冠词的用法1.当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a/an起介绍作用。eg:Thereisatreeinfrontofmyhouse.Igavehimabookyesterd

ay.2.指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物。泛指eg:Aboycametoseeyouamomentago.Heworksinahospital.3.用于单数可数名词前，泛指某一类人或事物。定义eg:Adoctorisapersonwhos

avespeople’slives.Ahorseisausefulanimal.Abirdcanfly.4.表示数量，有“一”的意思。eg:Apandahasamouth,anose，twoeyes.Romewasnotbu

iltinaday.5.不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示"每一"eg:Heoftengoestoschoolsixtimesaweek.sixkilometersanhourtwoclassesawe

ektwiceamonth6.序数词强调顺序时一般用the。但有时用“a(n)+序数词”结构表示在原来的基础上增加，意思为“又，还，再”eg:Canyougiveathirdapple？Canyougiveathirdchance?Thecakesaredelicious.He’dli

ketohave___thirdonebecause___secondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a7.使物质或抽象名词具体化，表示一次，一种，一场等。eg:It’sapl

easuretotalktoyou.aheavysnowastrongwindmakeafirehaveagoodtimesnowPS:表自然现象的名词前要用the;但其前有形容词修饰时，则常用a(an)eg:Thewindisrising.It’saf

airwind.风刮起来了，是顺风。联想记忆：awestwind;awarmgentlewind温暖的微风intherain,inaheavy(light,fine)rain在大（小，细）雨中7.用在固定词组当中。abit一点af

ewalot(of)alittlehaveacoldinahurryonceuponatimemakeafaceafterawhileinaword总的来说anumberofapairof“have/take+a+抽象名词”与该名词的动词同意haveaswimhaveawalkhavealoo

khaveatalk补充：1.只能修饰不可数名词[U]agreatdealofalargeamountof,abitof一点agreat/largeamountof2.只能修饰可数名词[C]复数：agood/greatmanya(great/large)numberof,numbersof

单数：manya许多3.既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词alotof,lotsof,plentyof，agreat/largequantityof，quantitiesof，agreatmassof,mas

sesofExercise：元音发音开头字母a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,xaan1Thereis__an__“m”intheword“mother”.2.Thisis__an__emptybottle.Couldyo

ugiveme__a___fullone?3.--Didyouseethefootballmatchlastnight?--Yes,I’veneverseensuch__an_____excitingmatchbefore.suchanexcitingmatchsoexc

itingamatchsuch名词so形容词Exercise：1.Englishisusefullanguage.Weshouldlearnitwell.A.aB.anC.theD./2.—Areyou___

_____ChineseorAmerican?—Chinese.ButIwasbroughtupinNewYork.A.anB./C.theD.oneExercise：3.Ifound____goodnewsin____newspaper.A.a,aB.apieceof,apie

ceofC.a,apieceofD.apieceof,a4.It’s_____pitythatyouarewrongagain.A./B.aC.anD.the定冠词（the）特指1.用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物

.eg:ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.限制性定语从句2.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物.eg:Pleaseclosethedoor.Takethemedicine.3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the.eg:Itoo

kapearandanapplefromtheplate,andtheappletastednice.Exercise:1、Wouldyoupleasepassme_____sugaronthetable?A.aB.theC.anD./Exercise:2、La

stSunday,myparentstookmetothezoo.InthezooIsawelephant.elephantwasfromAfrica.A.an;theB.the;anC.an;/D.

a;a4.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物。eg：Thehorseisausefulanimal.Ahorseisausefulanimal.5.用在形容词的比较级前。eg：Sheisthethinnerofthetwogirls.越…..越……比较级Themoreyoupracti

se,比较级theeasieritbecomes.Itisbelievedthat____youwork,____resultyou’llget.A.theharder;thebetterB.themorehard;

themostbetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter6.用在序数词和形容词最高级前.eg：Julyistheseventhmonthoftheyear.You’retheyoungestintheclass.三者或三者以上7.指世界上独一无二的

事物.eg：thesuntheearththeskytheworld8.用在普通名词构成的专有名词前.eg：theWestLaketheGreatWalltheUnitedStatestheUnitedNations1.人名2.地名或地理名称3.星期月份节日4.团体机构

学校医院公共建筑5,江河湖泊海洋森林theGreatWallBeijingtheEastStreetHospitalExercise:3、sunisshiningbrightly.A.aB.theC.anD./4、GreatWallisfamousinworld.A.a;aB.the;the

C.a;theD.the;a9.用在某些形容词前，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物。eg：therich富人thepoor穷人thesick病人theblind盲人thegood好人10.用在姓氏复数前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。eg：TheGreensarehavingdinne

rathome.TheBakerscometoseethem.11.用在西洋乐器前。eg：playthepianoplaytheviolinplay_the_fluteplayErhuPlayPipaPlayGu

zheng12.在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠等专有名词前加the。thePacificOcean太平洋theHuangheRiver黄河theYangtzeRiver长江扬子江theHimalayas喜马拉雅山脉theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠theEng

lishChannel英吉利海峡PS:海岛山峰湖泊等名称前一般不用the.Taiwanisland台湾岛MountJolmoLungma珠穆朗玛峰LakeMichigan密歇根湖13.定冠词加在表示单位的名词前，意为“每…，按…”的意思Irentedthehousebythemonth.

Pencilsaresoldbythedozen.铅笔按打来卖的。Asarule,theworkersarepaid______.A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhoursPS:在byweight（按重量）中不用the14.固定搭配当中的定冠

词。inthemorning/afternoon/eveningintheendatthesametimealltheyearround全年intheeast/south/west/northinthefrontof在…前面inthefuture在未来atthebackof在…后面playthef

ool做傻事onthespot在现场当场outofthequestion不可能outofquestion没问题巧学妙记特指、重提和唯一，沙漠、江河与群山海洋、党派、最高级，群岛、海峡和海湾方位、顺序和西乐，年代、

团体与机关组织、船名和建筑，会议、条约与报纸姓氏复数、国全名，望请记住用定冠Exercise:5、Greensareonavisittoabeautifulcityin______China.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.The;

/6、Shelearnedtoplayguitarallbyherself.A.aB.theC.anD./零冠词1.某些专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词等表示泛指时前面用零冠词。名词专有名词5种和普通名词（个体，集体，物质，抽象）eg:Moneyisno

teverything.Sugarisnotgoodforchildren.Howtimeflies！Wisdomisbetterthanstrength.Canyoupass_the__sugartome?特指2.不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。e

g:Mancan’tlivewithoutair.Wateriscolorless.Horsesareusefulanimals.Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanim

al.3.当名词前已有不定代词或者指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格等修饰时，不必加冠词。eg:Thisarticleyouhavewrittenisverywonderful.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.

不定代词：each指示代词：thisthatthesethose物主代词：myyourherhis名词所有格：Rachel’s4.在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前不用加冠词。eg:onMondayonJanuaryInAutumnonNatio

nalDayPS:中国有的传统节日前常加thetheSpringFestival春节theLanternFestival元宵节theMid-AutumnFestival中秋节节日：•1月1日新年NewYear’sDay•2月14日情人节St.Valentine’sD

ay•3月8日妇女节Women’sDay•4月1日愚人节AprilFool’sDay•5月1日劳动节LaborDay•5月的第二个周日母亲节Mother’sDay•6月1日儿童节Children’sDay•6月的第

三个周日父亲节Father’sDay•9月10日教师节Teachers’Day•10月1日国庆节NationalDay•1O月31日万圣节Halloween•12月25日圣诞节ChristmasDay•农历正月初一春节SpringFestival•Ch

ineseNewYear•农历正月十五元宵节LanternFestival•农历五月初五端午节DragonBoatFestival•农历八月十五中秋节Mid-AutumnDay•农历大年三十除夕NewYear’sEve5.在一日三餐、体育类等名词前不加冠词。b

reakfastlunchsupperdinnereg:Icookedsomenoodlesforsupper.Theoldareplayingchessunderthetree.Helikesplayingbasketballandfootball.西洋乐器the东方乐器p

layErhu6.在表示职务、头衔、称呼等名词前不加冠词。eg:ProfessorLijustcamebackfromNewZealand.Mr.Smithlikestennis.Heiselectedmanagerofourcompany.7

.与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词。eg:byplanebybusbyboatbybikeonfoot8.在一些固定词组中不加冠词athome在家atlast最后atonce马上atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atfirst最

初atwork在工作bymistake出错yearafteryear一年又一年dayandnight日日夜夜insight看见insurprise惊奇地onfoot走路onholiday在度假ontime准时onbusin

ess经商gohome回家intime及时Toone’ssurprise令人惊讶的是辨析有定冠词和无定冠词的区别引申gotoschool上学gototheschool到学校去gotobed睡觉gotothebed到床边inhospital生病住院inthe

hospital在医院attable吃饭atthetable在桌旁atschool在上学attheschool在学校inclass在上课intheclass在班级里面inbed（躺）在床inthebed（某物）在床上infrontof在前面（外部）inthefro

ntof在前面（内部）nextyear明年thenextyear第二年bysea乘船bythesea在海边onearth究竟，到底ontheearth在地球上句子种类1234陈述句疑问句?祈使句感叹句!句子种类陈述句是用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，分为肯定陈述

句和否定陈述句。⑴陈述句的肯定形式eg:Lighttravelsfasterthansound.陈述句⑵陈述句的否定形式①谓语动词为助动词be，have或者情态动词等，否定形式是在助动词或情态动词后加not.eg:Sheisnotbackyet.Mone

ycouldnotbuyhappiness.③如果句子的谓语是行为动词，则在谓语动词前加do,does,did构成否定式。否定疑问无词汇意义eg：Jackdoesn’tlikeEnglish.④用no,never,seldom,hardly,nobod

y等否定词也可以构成否定式。eg:1.IhavenevermetJim.2.KenthasaheavyRussianaccent,andIcanhardlyunderstandhisEnglish.疑问句1.一般疑问句⑴一般疑问句用来询问某件事情或某一情况是否属实

，用yes,no或相当于yes,no的词语来回答。eg：A:AreyouChinese?B:No,I’mnot.A:Doyouhaveanyquestions?B:Yes,Ido.A:Haveyoureadthebookbefore?B:Yes,Ihave.⑵一般疑问

句也可以用否定形式开头提出疑问，结构为“缩略否定形式+主语+其他”。eg:Can’tyouseethere’saqueue?用否定形式开头提问，或是期待肯定的回答，或是不打算对方回答。如果回答是肯定的要用Yes,译成“不”；否则用No,译成“是的”。eg:A:Doesn’thewantt

ocome?难道他不想来吗？B:Yes,hedoes.不，他想。A:Aren’tyouoftheHannationality?你不是汉族吗？B:No,Iamnot.是的，我不是汉族。2.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词（组）引导的的疑问句。回答时不

能使用yes或no。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。疑问语序谓语+主语陈述主语+谓语⑴疑问代词：what,who,which,whose,whom.eg:Whatwouldyouliketodo?Whichclassareyouin?Whom/Who

isshewaitingfor?who主语/宾语Sheiswaitingforyou.whom宾语whose定语⑶疑问词组：howsoon,howlong,howfar,howoften等。eg:1.HowoftendoyouhaveanEnglishPa

rty?2.Howfardoyoulivefromyourschool?⑵疑问副词：when,where,why,how.eg:Whenwillthemeetingend?3.选择疑问句提出两种或者两种以上的情况，

要求对方选择一种情况回答。一般用or连接。⑴一般选择疑问句eg:Didyoustayathomeorgoaway?Whichdoyouprefer,horseridingorshooting?回答的时候一般在供选择的答案中选出一个来回答，不

用yes,no。反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。1.基本形式：前肯后否，而且用缩略式；前否后肯，反意疑问部分主要用代词，并与前句主语一致，谓语动词在人称、数和时态也要一致

。eg：Hegoestoworkonfoot,doesn’the?2.反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定（注意）⑴当陈述部分的主语为this，that（单数）等时，附加部分的主语应用it。these，those（复数）用

they。eg：Thisisagreenjeep,isn’tit?前肯后否Thosearen’tbananatrees,arethey?前否后肯⑵当陈述部分是Iam…的形式时，附加部分应用aren’tI。eg:Iamright,aren’tI?前肯后否ar

en't⑶当陈述部分是“Therebe”结构时，反意疑问句用“bethere”。eg：TherewasanEnglishfilmyesterdayevening,wasn’tthere?前肯后否⑷当陈述部分含有never,seldo

m,no,few,little,nothing,nobody,hardly,none,too…to…等表示否定意义的词时，其反意疑问句部分应用肯定形式。eg：Heseldomgoestothecinema,doesh

e?前否后肯Hehasfewfriends,has/doeshe?他几乎没有朋友，是吗？前否后肯⑸陈述部分含有表示否定意义的由前缀或者后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定形式。eg：Shedislikestheidea,doesn’tshe?前肯后否It’sunfair,is

n’tit?前肯后否⑹主语是不定代词的反意疑问句。①当陈述部分的主语为everything,nothing,anything,something等指事物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用it，而不用they。eg：Everythingisingoodorder,isn’tit?②当陈述部分的

主语为everybody,everyone,anyone,nobody,none,noone等指认的不定代词，疑问部分的主语通常用they或he来代替。eg：Somebodywantstoseeyou,doesn’the/don’tthey?

⑺当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况。①have作实义动词，表示“有”，后面的谓语可以用have，也可以用助动词do。eg：Jimhasanewradio,doesn’t/hasn’the?前肯后否②have作实义动词，表示“吃喝玩乐度过”等意思，后面的谓

语用助动词do。eg：Allofthechildrenhadanicetime,didn’tthey?③haveto表示“不得不，必须”，其后的谓语动词用do。eg:Katehastohelphisfatheronthefarm,doesn’tshe?

don'thaveto?否定④hadbetter表示最好，其后的谓语用had。eg：We’dbetterstayathometoday,hadn’twe?⑤have用在完成时中，其后谓语用have。eg：ShehaseverbeentoJap

an,hasn’tshe?IhaveeverbeentoJapan,haven'tI?前肯后否Iamright,aren'tI?have/has+过去分词had+过去分词⑻当陈述部分含有need时，如果need作为行为动词，则附加问句的动词用

助动词do，如果是情态动词时，则附加问句的动词应该是用need。eg：1.Youdon’tneedtoworksolate,doyou?前否后肯2.Youneedn’tmakesuchloudnoise,needyou?情态needn't实意don'tnee

d⑼当陈述部分含有情态动词must时。①must表示“必须”之意，附加问句的谓语用needn’t。eg：Youmustgobackrightnow,needn’tyou?must必须mustn't禁止MustIYes,youmust.No,youneedn't.②must表示推测，“一定，想必”之

意，附加问句的谓语动词应根据must后面的动词来确定。eg：Hemustbeintheclassroom,isn’the?Itmustraintoday,doesn'tit?前肯后否Youmusthavefinishedyourhomework,haven’tyo

u?⑽肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句可以用willyou,也可以用won’tyou;否定的祈使句的附加疑问句用willyou.eg:Cometoschoolearlynexttime,willyou/won'tyou?Don’tshoutatyourbrother

,willyou?省略主you+动原⑾以Let’s开头的祈使句，附加句应用shallwe；而已Letus开头的祈使句，附加句应该用willyou。eg：Let’sgo,shallwe?意见建议Letusgono

w,willyou?请求所有祈使句willyou.除Let's以外。shallwe?（12）陈述部分若为主从复合句，反义疑问部分的主语、谓语通常与主句保持一致。复合句eg：Shesaid(that)shewouldcometomorrow,didn'

tshe?若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,believe,suppose,imagine等时，则翻译疑问部分的主谓和谓语一般应与从句一致。eg：Ithink(that)hecanfinishtheworkbyhimself,can'the

?Wedon'tbelieve(that)shesaysno,doesshe?宾语从句否定转移我们不相信我们相信不祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命名、要求、建议、劝告等的一种特殊句式。1.肯定的祈使句：动词原形+其他成分①以系动词be开头的祈使句，常用结

构：be+形容词/名词+其他成分。主系be表eg：Becarefulnexttime.②以实义动词开头的祈使句。eg：Standup,please.有时候为了加强语气，在动词前面加do。eg：Docomeonti

me!Dolookout!⑶如果是以let开头的祈使句，通常的结构为：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。eg：Lethimgowithyou.Letmeexamineyou.Let’shaveourdinner.⑷在请求、命令和口号中，常用无助动词祈使句，使语句更加简洁有力。eg：Ju

staminutes,please!Totheplayground,everyoneofyou!2.否定的祈使句⑴Don’t+动词原形。eg：Don’tbelate.⑵Let’s+not+动词原形。eg：Let

’snotsayanythingaboutit.⑶Don’tlet+第三人称代词宾格形式+动词原形或Let+第三人称代词宾格形式+not+动词原形。eg：Don’tletthemplaywithfire.Letusnotforgetit.一般都是在前面加Don't除了let's以

外在后加not.⑷在公开场合的提示语中，祈使句的否定句常用“No+名词/动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。eg：NophotosNosmokingNoparking感叹句用how或what引导，所修饰的词放在其后，其他部分用陈述句语序。句末使用感叹号。1.what引导的感叹句

what作定语修饰名词，名词前可有其他修饰语。⑴What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg：Whatanewwatch(itis)!Whatacleverboy（heis）!Whataninterestingstory!⑵Wha

t+形容词+可数名词的复数形式（+主语+谓语）！eg：Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!⑶What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！eg：Whatimportantnewsitis!2.how引导的感叹句how做状语修饰形容词、副词、或动词。⑴Ho

w+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）！eg：Howheavyaboxtheyarecarrying！这个箱子多重啊！！Whataheavyboxitis!多重的箱子啊！What+a/an+形容词+单数名

词+（主谓）！⑵How+形容词或副词（+主语+谓语）！eg：Howtallthegirlis!Howhardsheworks!⑶How+主语+谓语！eg：Howtimeflies!Howshewishestogoabroad!1.马力喜欢这部电影。Marylovesthismovie.2

.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。ThegirlinblackisYangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。GuoJingmingisn’tagay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Doyoulikethismovie?2.郭敬明多高？H

owtallisGuoJingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？GuoJingmingisagay,isn’the?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）Whatabusymovie!Howbusythemovieis!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Don

’tfartatthecinema!3.请关门.Pleaseclosethedoor.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Marylovesthismovie.Thegirlinbl

ackisYangmi.GuoJingmingisn’tagay.肯定句式：否定句式：Shecan’tswim.Marydoesn’tlikethismovie.Thechildrendidn’tgotoschool

yesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词don’t,doesn’t,didn’t.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案

通常是yes或no，注意语序。Areyouapig?Doyouloveme?Isn’tsheabeautifulteacher?Canyoufly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词what,where,who,when,why,w

hich,howWhatdayisittoday?Whereareyougoing?Howareyou?Whoareyou?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或

多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。--Areyouaboyoragirl?--I’magirl.--Whereareyougoing,ShenzhenorThailand?--I’mgoingtoThailand.4）

反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。--Youareadog,aren’tyou?--No,I’mnot.--Shelikeseatin

gMcDonald,doesn’tshe?--Yes,shedoes.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。Whatahandsomeboyheis!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】Howhandsometheboyis!2.这

是一只多么可爱的狗啊！Whatalovelydogitis!Howlovelythedogis!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。Nosmoking!不要抽烟

！Don’tfartatthecinema!不要在电影院放屁！Nevergiveup!永不言弃！Letitgo!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。TheLostTombisverypopular.2.吴

邪和张起灵都很帅。WuXieandZhangQilingarehandsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。WuXiestandsupandwalkstome.简单句的五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本

句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+O（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+P（主＋系＋表）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+O+OC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）把两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。Hewastired.Hewenttobe

d.Hewastiredsohewenttobed.I’mugly.I’mgentle.I’muglybutI’mgentle.常用的并列连词and,both…and,平行并列连词notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however转折

并列连词whileyetbecause因果并列连词sofor,thereforeor选择并列连词otherwiseeither…or1.Maryisthirsty,_____sheneedsaglassofwater.2.Hei

sanactor,_______hiswifeisasinger.3.Hewassotired,_____hehadtogotoschool.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hu

rryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句Hesayssomething.宾语

成分（由一个词语充当）Hesaysthattheyarefamily.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）1主语从句4同位语从句2宾语从句3表语从句5定语从句6宾语从句❖Ihopethateverythingisallright.❖Shewasreadingthenewspaper

whenIcamein.❖Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.

Istillremembertheday.IfirstcametoAixuetangonthatday.(when)3.ThisisMary.Maryisapig.(who)名词中高考考点：1.名词的数（可数与不可数）2.名词作定语3.名词所有格4.名词与冠词

、动词、介词的搭配5.相似名词辨析名词很重要，考点也很多呢，我要加油啦^_^要点一：名词的分类专有名词5名词个体名词普通名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词名词虽然很多，但是只要分门别类弄清楚了，就会很简单了~1.专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构等名称的词。（1）人名例

：EinsteinYaoMingtheBlacksI’mRachel..(2)地名和地理名称例：EuropeTheUnitedStatesItisveryhotinChangsha!(3)星期、月份、节日例:FebruaryChrist

masDayTodayisSaturday.(4)表示团体机构、学校、医院、公共建筑的专有名词例:theUnitedNationstheGreatWallHaveyoueverbeentoTheGreatWall?(5)表示江河、湖泊、海洋、森林等。例：th

eYellowRivertheWestLaketheSaharaDeserttheGreatForest这些你都知道吗？2.普通名词普通名词指人或物所共有的名称。(1)个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体例：teacherboybooka

ppletabletaxiI’magirl.（2）集体名词集体名词是一群人或一类物的总称。例：people(人们)classpolicefruittraffichair(3)物质名词物质名词指无法划分个体的物品的名称，也指一类具有共同特点的物品的总称。

例：airwatermilkrainsnowwindpaperinkmoney我要吃肉！(4)抽象名词抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念。例：coldbeautycouragerespectknowledgefriendship我美吗美吗美吗？O(∩_∩)O哈哈~英语语法课程名词

授课：Rachel1.可数名词单数可数名词单数前一般要加冠词a/an,one,my等，不可单独使用。例：ausefuldictionaryanhonestman2.可数名词复数规则变化(1)一般情况下直接

在词尾加-s。例：bookbooksscupcupssbagbagsz(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，在词尾加-es.例：busbusesboxboxesdishdisheswatchwatches(3)以f或fe结尾的词，先将

f或fe变成v，再在词尾加-es.vz例：leafleavesthiefthieveshalfhalvesknifeknives巧学妙记妻子wife拿刀knife去宰狼wolf，小偷thief吓得发了慌；藏在架shelf后保已self

命life，半片树叶leaf遮目光。(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再在词尾加-es.例：citycitiescountrycountriesfamilyfamiliesuniversityuniversities(5)以“元音字母+y”结尾的词直接在词尾加-s.aeio

u+y例:daydaysboyboyskeykeys(6)以o结尾的单词，大部分在词尾加-s.例：zoozoosradioradiospianopianospotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes不规则变化（1）元音发生变化louselice例：footf

eetgoosegeesetoothteethmanmenwomanwomenmousemice（2）词尾发生变化例：childchildrenoxoxen公牛（3）单复数同形例：fishfishsheepshee

pdeerdeer鹿（4）表示某国人的名词复数例：aChineseChineseaJapaneseJapaneseanEnglishmanEnglishmenaFrenchmanFrenchmenanAmericanAmericansaGermanGermansan

AustralianAustralians（5）复合名词的复数例：story-tellerstorytellersgrown-upgrown-upsson-in-lawsons-in-lawmandoctor

mendoctorswomanteacherwomenteachersExercise：1.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmanythere.A.

birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit2、Ihavetwoinmypencil-box.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.aknifeExercise：3、You’renotarichma

norafamousperson.Butinmyheart,youareoneofthegreatestintheworld.A.businessmenB.manC.menD.person4.——What’sinthe?——Ther

earesomeandinthem.A.photos;potatos;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radiosC.photoes;potatos;radiosD.photos;potatoes;radioes要点二：不可数名词的数1.不可数名词

所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化。例：advice建议furniture家具fun乐趣homework家庭作业paper纸sugar糖work工作fruit水果news消息trouble麻烦wealt

h财富weather天气rain雨2.不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词若表示数量，需要加适当的单位名词。(1)用some,much,alittle,alotof,plentyof等词修饰，表示大概的量。例：muchwateralittlebutteralotoffoodplentyoftime(

2)表示具体的量。结构为：数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词例：apieceofadviceameterofclothatonofcoalapoundofmeatabagofricetwocupsofteathreebottlesofwater

adropofrainabarofchocolateagustofwindaflashoflightningacrowdofpeopleagroupofchildren3.可数名词和不可数名词的转化例:Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃做的。Shebroket

woglasses.Noneofhisfamilylikeschicken.鸡肉Adogisrunningafterachicken.小鸡注意：有些不可数名词也可以作可数名词，但意义发生了变化。例：cloth（布）clothes(衣服)good（益处

）goods（货物）work（工作）works(著作)paper（纸）papers(报纸、证件、试卷)wood（木头）woods(小树林)room（空间）room（房间）life（生活）lives（生命）time（时

间）times（次数、倍数，时代）fruit（水果）fruits(各种水果)要点三：名词所有格名词所有格表示名词所属关系的形式。’s所有格of所有格双重所有格1.表示有生命的名词的所有格.(1)一般情况下在名词词尾加

's.例：thestudent'sbook这个学生的书MissGreen'scoat(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，直接在其后加'.例：myparents’hopeTeachers'Day(3)不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在词尾加's.例：Children'sDayWom

en'sDay(4)两人或多人共同拥有一样东西时，只需在最后一个名词后加’s;如果不是共有的，则两个词后都要加’s.例：ThisisSusanandmylittlesister’sroom.共有Theyar

eJim’sandJohn’sfather.2.表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后常常省略它所修饰的名词。例：atthetailor’s(shop)nearthegrocer’satthebutcher’s(shop)attheGreens’(home)

3.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以加’s构成所有格。例：yesterday’sfoodaweek’stimetwohours’walksixminutes’driveChina’sweatherBeijing’sscenerythemoon’slightt

hesun’scenter4.特殊的所有格形式(1)表示无生命事物的名词，通常用“名词+of+名词”结构来构成所有格。例：thewindowsoftheclassroomthelegsofthedeskthetitleofthebook(2)双重所有格由“of+名词所

有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成。用法：双重所有格带有’s所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，同时of前面必须是不确指的名词。例：abrotherofmyfather’sanovelofLuXun’s情态动词情态动词情态动词具有一定得词义，没有人称和数的变化，

不能单独构成谓语，和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气或表示愿望、态度或推测等意义。一、情态动词的类型和特征1.情态动词的类型1)只作情态动词的有：must;can(could);may(might)2)只作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need,dare3)可作情态动

词也可作助动词的有：will(would);shall(should)4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：haveto;oughtto;hadbetter2.情态动词的特征(1).有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或

系动词连用，构成谓语。(2)表示说话人的态度或语气，无人称和数的变化（haveto例外，其第三人称单数形式为hasto）Hehastowalkhome.⑶情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形。二、情态动词的用法1.Can的用法⑴常用来表示

能力，意为“能，会”。eg：Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.⑵表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。eg:Canyougoshoppingwithus?⑶表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句或者疑问句中，此时can’t意为不可能。eg:Canthenewsbetrue？

Thatcan’tbeourteacher.HeisonavisittotheGreatWall.----IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.---No.She_____bether

e.Ihavejustbeenthere.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t4）can’t可用来作MayI….？的否定回答----MayIgosurfingalonethisafternoo

n?----No,youcan’t.It’sdangerous.5)can和beableto两者都是表示“能力”是用法相同，但can只有原形和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用beableto来表示。另外，beableto常常有“成功做了某事”的意味Jimcan’tspeakE

nglish.Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemaintainatnoon.2.Could的用法⑴can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力。eg:Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.⑵could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过

去式的意思。eg:Couldyoupleasespeakalittlelouder?CouldIuseyourpen?Yes,youcan/No,youcan’t.---CouldIcrossthestreethere?---Ofcourseyou___

___.A.couldB.canC.areabletoD.will3.may的用法⑴may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，比can要正式。eg：MayIaskyouaquestion?Youmaygohomenow.⑵表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能、也许”，一

般用于肯定句。eg：Itmayraintomorrow.Shemaybeathome.⑶may的过去式为might，表示推测，可能性低于may。eg：Heisawayfromhome.Hemightbesick.(4)may表示祝福May

youbehappy!(5)can和may1)Can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用Can/MayIhelpyou?2)may和can表示可能性时的区别：①在肯定句中用may,might,不用can；②在疑问句中表示推测用can；③在否定句句中用ca

n’t（不可能）Shemaybeintheclassroom.Wherecantheybenow?Thatcan’tbetrue.(6)maybe和maybe用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词，be动词原形

句中，做谓语maybe副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps句首，作状语Hemaybewrong,butI’mnotsure.----Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?----Notyet.I

____gotoMoonlightSchool.A.mustB.mayC.needD.should----Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?----It____berainy,cloudyorsunny.Whoknows?A.

mustB.mightC.shallD.should情态动词练习1讲解1.----_____Ihavealookatyournewwatch?----Yes,please.MayB.NeedC.DareD.Must2.Tom

isyoungbuthe_____flyakitebyhimself.mayB.canC.needD.must3.Theworkistoohardforhim.He_____finishitontime.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.n

eedn’t4.Thebookstorewasopen,soI____buythebook.canB.can’tC.didcanD.wasableto5.LastyearI____drive.Iusedtakethebus.could

B.couldn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t6.----Couldwesmokehere?----I’mafraidyou____.couldn’tB.can’tC.areabletoD

.will7.----Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.____Ihavealook?----Yes,certainly.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should8.----Where’sLucy?----I’mnotsure.She_____int

heschoollibrary.maybeB.mustbeC.maybeD.willbe9.----WhereisTom?----_____heisathome.Hedidn’tfeelwellyesterday.Maybe

B.MaybeC.May10.----______Iswimhere?----I’msorry.Children____swimalonehereMust;can’tB.May;mustCan;mustn’tD.Can’t;can4.Must的用法⑴must表示“

一定要，必须”。否定形式是mustn’t，表示“禁止，不许可”。eg：YoumuststayhereuntilIcameback.Youmustn’tparkyourcarinfrontoftheentrance.⑵对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或

者don’thaveto。eg：----MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?----No,youneedn’t.⑶must常常指有根据的，比较有把握的推测，意为“一定是，准是”，这种用法只能用于肯定句当中。eg：Thelightison.Hemustbea

thomenow.当must表示肯定判断、推测的时候，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。eg：Shemusthavefinishwriting,hasn’tshe?⑷must和haveto①must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须，应该

”。eg：IknowImuststudyhard.②haveto侧重于客观上的必要，意为“不得不”。它有一般现在时第三人称单数形式hasto和过去形式hadto。eg：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctoratmidn

ight.③haveto的否定形式是don’thaveto,相当于needn’t,意为“不必”；mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”.(5)can’t和mustn’t表否定推测时应用can’t,mustn’t意为“禁止，不允许”，不用来表

推测，在肯定句中用must表推测，意为“一定”----Mom,mustIcleanmyroomnow?----No,you____.Youcandoittomorrow.A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t5.ne

ed的用法⑴need表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句当中，否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答是must，否定回答为needn’t.eg：---NeedIstayhereanylonger?⑵need可作实义

动词，此时还有人称，数和时态的变化，后面多接动词不定时。eg：Ineedtodoitrightnow.Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.注意：对need的词性判断常为难点，need后加todo说

明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表示被动意义；若need后加do的动词原形，则need为情态动词Youneedn’tseehim,butImust.Youdon’tne

edtocomeifyoufeelsick.(6).dare表示“敢于”，用作情态动词时，无人称变化，只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句Marydarenottouchthesnake.用于实义动词时，要注意人称和时态的变化，后面跟不定式Ihaveneverdaredtotellhimaboutit.注

意：dare作实义动词时，其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。Hedidn’tdare(to)disobey.You____swiminthispartofthelake.It’sdangerous.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.maynotIenjoyt

hepartyverymuch,butI____gohome.It’stoolate.A.havetoB.mayC.mustn’tD.should’t6.shall,should,will,would的用法⑴sha

ll常用于疑问句当中，表示征求对方的意见（多用于第一、三人称），用在第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中eg：shallwegooutforawalk?Shallhecomeatonce?一般回答：Yes,please./Allright./No,thankyou.⑵Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说

话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。eg:Youshallfailifyoudon'tworkharder.（警告）HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.（允诺）Heshallbepunished.（威胁）⑶should意为“应该”。可表示劝告、建议

、义务、责任等。eg：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.⑷will表示主语的决心或意愿；也可表请求或询问，用于第二人称。eg：Iwillneverdothatagain.IwillhelpyouifI’mfr

eethisafternoon.Willyoupassmethebook?⑸will表示习惯、请求，固有性质等。eg:Everydayhewillsitherehourafterhourdoingnothing.（习惯）WillyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?（请求）7.h

adbetter的用法hadbetter意味“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为hadbetternot.eg:Wehadbettergonow.Youhadbetternotgivetheboo

ktohim.----Howwastheyouthclublastnight,Mark?----Itwasgreatfun.You______havecome.A.MustB.canC.shouldD.mayYoulooktirednow

.You_______stayathomeandhavearest.A.hadtoB.hadbetterC.wouldliketoD.wouldratherPS:在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“Let'sdo...”来提出建议。e

.g.Let'sgoforawalkaftersupper.(2).用“What/Howabout...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。e.g.Whatabout/Howaboutadrink?Whatabout/Howab

outtakingTomwithus?(3).用“Whynot...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Whynot...?”实际上是“Whydon'tyou/we...?”的简略形式。e.g.Why

notmeetattheschoolgateateight?Whydon'twestayhereanotherday?(4).用“Wouldyoulike...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Wouldyoulike后可接名词或不定式。如：Wouldyoulikeacupoftea

?Yes,please.No,thankyou.Wouldyouliketogoandseeher?Yes,I’dliketo.No,thankyou“去游泳好吗?”Shallwegoforaswim?Let'sgoforaswim，shallwe?Whatabout/Ho

waboutgoingswimming?Whynotgoforaswim?Wouldyouliketogoforaswim?willwill在therebe句型中的形式及其句式变换。将有由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示，所以therebe句型的一般将来时的

形式就是therewillbe。（一定不能说therewillhave）Therearemanystudentsinourschool.→Therewillbemanystudentsinourschool.含有情态动词的疑问句的回答1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,youmay

.Yes,ofcourse.Yes,certainly.Sure.No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，

此时could没有过去式的意思。e.g.—CouldIuseyourpen?----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称或第三人称中，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyo

u.5.wouldyou…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon’t.)Sure.(I’msorry,Ican’t.)Allright/OK/Withpleasure.Certainly.(No,thankyo

u.)Yes,please.Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Yes,I’dliketo./No,thanks(thankyou).Wouldyoulikesomewater?Yes,p

lease./No,thanks(thankyou)—WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?—________.A.That’srightB.Withplea

sureC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Notrouble数词基数词序数词数词的用法1、基数词的构成（1）1-12的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式。onetwothreefourfivesixs

eveneightnineteneleventwelve（2）13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen（3）20-90的整十位数基

数词以-ty结尾。twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety（4）21-90的非整十位数的表示法，是在十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”。twenty-one21thirty-three33e.g.53647599（5）百、千、百万、十万的表示

方法。N00hundredN,000thousandN,000,000millionN,000,000,000billione.g.100onehundred2,000twothousand3,000,000threemillion4,000,000,000

fourbillion（6）101-999的基数词的表示法，是在百位数和十位数之间，或在百位数和个位数之间加”and”.e.g.onehundredandtwo102twohundredandsixteen216fo

urhundredandfour404513222363999（7）1000以上的数目表示方法。e.g.2,004twothousandandfour34,228thirty-fourthousand,twohundredandtwen

ty-eight725,369sevenhundredandtwenty-fivethousand,threehundredandsixty-nine17,657,4001,214,000,000巧学妙记一至十二词各异，一个一个单独记，前轻

后重（teen）是十几，前重后轻（ty）是几十fourteen,forty分清楚，thirteen,thirty看仔细，eighteen(eighty)只有一个t,几十几和几百几连字符、and莫丢弃Exercise1、---Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber20,135r

ead?---Itread.A.twentythousandsonehundredandthirty-fiveB.twentythousandonehundredandthirtyfiveC.twentythousandonehundr

edandthirty-fiveD.twentythousands,onehundredandthirty-fiveExercise2、---Bob,canyouwritethenumbersevenhundr

edandeightythousandandthirty-two?---Yes,itis_______.A.78,032B.7,832C.7,032D.780,0322.基数词的运用（1）表示具体数目时，hundred，thousand，million等用单数

;e.g.fivehundredeighthundred(2)表示不确切数目时可以用复数形式，与of连用表示“数以….计的”；hundredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上万e.g.Thousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.(3)基数

词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数和年代。年代：inthe+年代+s(或’s)表示“在…世纪…年代”inone’s+整10数的复数形式表示一个不确定的年龄e.g.HewenttotheUnitedStatesinhistwenties.Thatwasintheearlyforties

(4)由基数词和名词合成的形容词作定语时，其中的名词只用单数。e.g.Shewroteatwo-thousand-wordcompositionlastnight.Claudeisaneleven-year-oldboy.I‘maeighteen-year-

oldgirl.Exercise1、－HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingnextyear?(2009芜湖)－It’shardtosay,________people,Ithink.A.millionofB.million

sofC.threemillionsD.threemillionsofExercise2、Inthepasttwentyyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.look!Thisisa_

_____.(09年天津中考)A.70-floorbuildingB.70-floorsbuildingC.70-floorbuildingsD.70floorsbuilding2.序数词的构成基数词onetwothreefiveeightnineTwelve序数词firstsecondthird

fiftheighthninthtwelfth（1）第一—第十九的构成。除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二为特殊形式，其他的序数词均由其对应的基数词加后缀-th构成。fourfourthsi

xsixthsevenseventhelevenelevenththirteenthirteenthfourteenfourteenthfifteenfifteenthsixteensixteenthseventeensevent

eentheighteeneighteenthnineteennineteenth（2）整十的数字序数词的构成方法：将对应的基数词结尾y变i，再加-eth.e.g.twentytwentieththirtythirtiethfo

rtyfortiethfiftyfiftiethsixtysixtiethseventyseventietheightyeightiethninetyninetieth（3）表示“几十几”时，十位数的基数词不变，只把个

位数变成序数词即可。e.g.36thirty-six第36thirty-sixth98ninety-eight第98ninety-eighth第55fifty-fifth第74seventy-fourth第88eighty-

eighth第1-99（4）百，千，百万等的序数词在词尾加-th。e.g.第一百hundredth第一千thousandth第一百万millionth第十亿billionth若是多位数，则前边的数用基数词，末尾数用序数词。e.g.第101onehundredandfirst第19

9onehundredandninety-ninth（5）序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成的。e.g.first-1stsecond-2ndthird–3rdfourth-4thtwel

fth-12thtwenty-first21stforty-fifth45thonehundredandfifty-third153rdExercise1、---Howoldisyourson?---.Wehadaspecialparty

forhisbirthdaylastSunday.A.Nine;ninthB.Nine;nineC.Ninth;nineD.Ninth;ninth2、Ithinkthatthecentury(世纪)willbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-oneB.tw

entieth-firstC.twenty-firstD.twentieth-one2.序数词的用法(1）在使用序数词时，通常前面要加定冠词the.e.g.Thesecondlessonismoredifficultthanthefirst.(2)序数词前面出现不定冠词a/an时，表示“再一

，又一”。e.g.We’vetireditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime？Hisparentshavetwochildren,buttheywantathirdone.(3)序数词前有物主代词或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。e.g.Thisismy

firstjob.Mrs.Black’ssecondchildcalledLucy.(3)基数词表顺序，置于名词之后；序数词表顺序，置于名词之前，且与the连用PartTwo-----theSecondPartLessonSeven

-----theSeventhLessonpage48-----theforty-eighthpageRoom302,WorldWarIIExercise1、IgotagoodpresentonmybirthdayandIlikeitverymuch.A

.fifteenB.fifteenthC.thefifteenD.thefifteenth2、---IhearyourpenfriendisvisitingLianyungangagain.Isitthetim

eforhim?---Yes,andhewillcomeforathirdtimenextspring.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth3、TherearedaysinJuneanddayisChildren’sDay.A.t

hirty;thesecondB.thirty;firstC.thirteen;thefirstD.thirty;thefirst4、Thereare_____peopleinmyfamily.Welive

inthe_____floorinatallbuilding.A.five;sixB.fifth;sixthC.fifth;sixD.five;sixth5.Wearegoingtolearn_____nextwee

k.A.LessonTwelveB.LessonTwelfthC.TwelfthLessonD.thelessonTwelfth3、数词的运用1.表示时间（1）先读钟点数,后读分钟数。e.g.10:10tenten4：25fourtwenty-five6：43

sixforty-three(2)用介词past表示几点过几分（不超过半时）；用to表示差几分到几点。e.g.4:20twentypastfour8:42eighteentonine60-42=189:50tentoten10:10tenpastten(3)整点

直接用（+o’clock）表示。“半点钟”half，一刻钟用aquarter。e.g.6:00sixo’clock7:15aquarterpastseven8:30halfpasteightExercise1.4:452.8:173.11:584.9:562

.表示年、月、日(1)年份1949nineteenforty-nine2005twentyhundredandfivetwothousandandfive1800eighteenhundred（2）日期2008年4月10日April10,2008April10th,200810thApril20

082010年9月1日September1,2010September1st,20101stSeptember2010英语中一般用月、日、年或日、月、年来表示。日期可以用基数（读做序数词）。Exercise1.19982.20153.1999年

3月3日4.2015年7月24日3.表示分数(1)分数的表达分子>1分母复数onehalfonethirdtwothirdsonequarterthreefourths/threequarters2131324143oneandtwothird

stenandthreefifths3215310meterfourfifthsmetermeterstwoandthreefourthsmeters54432（2）分数的用法“分数+of+名词/代词”作主

语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。e.g.Twothirdsofthestudentsareboysinmyclass.Onehalfofhermoneyisspentonbooks.Exercise1.About______oftheworkersinthec

lothesfactoryarewomen.A.thirdfifthsB.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifth2.Weallknowthat____oftheearth____coveredbys

ea.A.threefourth;isB.threefourths;isC.threefourths;areD.thirdfour;is4.倍数表示三或三倍以上的倍数用“基数词+times”。e.g.Thisappleistwiceaslargeasthatone.Thisroomi

sthreetimeslargerthanthatone.5.数词前加every，表示“每一段时间或每隔一段时间。e.g.everytendays每十天everyninthday每隔九天everyfourweeks每四个星期everythirdweek每隔三个星期6.表示小数和百分数

(1)小数用基数词来表达，以小数点为界，左边的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右边的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开读。e.g.1.03onepointothreezero10.23tenpointtwothree25.67twenty-fivepoi

ntsixseven(2)百分数百分数用“基数词+percent”表示。e.g.50%fiftypercent34.67%thirty-fourpointSixsevenpercent0.12%zeropointonetwopercent7.排列顺序基数词和序数词都能表示排列

顺序。事物名词+基数词the+序数词+事物名词e.g.第一部分Partone=thefirstpart第一课Lessonone=thefirstlesson第三组Groupthree=thethirdgroup1.0.4

9pointfournine2.1.5onepointfive3.8.67eightpointsixseven4.30.6thirtypointsix5.17.42%seventeenpointfourtwopercent

6.9.57%ninepointfivesevenpercentExercise8.其他用法（1）基数词表示年龄inone’s+基数词复数e.g.fiveyearsoldinone’sfortiesMyeldersisterisseventeenandmyyoungersister

isten.Myuncleisinhisthirties.I‘meighteen.(2)表示房间号和电话号码e.g.202roomtwootwo404roomfourofour303-2244Threeothreedoubletwofourfour(3)页码数，行数e.g.第10页：pag

eten第25页：pagetwenty-five第109页：pageonehundredandnine第6行：linesix第29行：linetwenty-nine形容词要点一：形容词的作用•Point

1•作定语eg：Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.It'saninterestingEnglishfilm.Thechildlivesinaveryhappyfamily.Point2•作表语•跟在系动词be、feel、ge

t、become等后。•eg：Thefishwentbad.•OurEnglishteacherisprettyandyoung.Thefilmisveryinteresting.Point3•作宾语补足语•常与make、leave、keep等动词连用。•eg:Whatshes

aidmadehimsad.•Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Point4•作状语•eg:Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.（原因）•Rightorwrong,I'llstandonyourside.（让步）

•Hereturnedfromwar,safeandsound.（结果）•安然无恙Point5•形容词的名词化•某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连用。如：thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,theblind,thedeaf

,theyoung,theaged,thesick等。•eg:Theyoungshouldrespecttheelder.•Thericharenotalwayshappy.•Exercise：1.Theneighborsvisittheoldman,sohedoesn'tfeel___

_atall.A.friendlyB.lovelyC.lonelyD.lively2.The____boyhasbeeninhospitalforamonth.A.illB.sickC.afraidD.aloneExerc

ise：3.Themanlookedatmewitha___smile.A.friendB.friendsC.friendlyD.friendlily4.Asadoctor,hetrieshisbesttohelp____.A.thesi

ckB.theillC.sickerD.sicks要点二：形容词的位置Point6:置于名词前形容词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。eg:wonderfulweatheraninterestingstoryPoint7形容词后置形容词修饰somet

hing，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。eg:Let'sgivehersomethingdifferenttoeat.It'snothingserious.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的

形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。eg：Heisfourteenyearsold.Mr.Greenisnearlytwometrestall.Theholemustbehalfametredeep.TheGreatWallisoversixthousandkilometreslong.e

lse只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词what、who、whom、whose和不定代词something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody等。eg：Whatelsedoyouwant?DidanyoneelsecomewithJames?Exe

rcise：1.---Whatareyougoingtogivetoyourmotherforherbirthday?---I'mnotsure.ButI'llbuyher___.A.somethingspeci

alB.anythingspecialC.specialsomethingD.specialanything2.Theoldtowerlooksnice.It'sabout____.A.twelve-metre-hig

hB.twelve-metrehighC.twelve-metreshighD.twelvemetreshigh要点三：形容词的比较等级大多数形容词有三个等级：原级，即形容词原级；比较级，表示“较.....,更.......”;最高级，表示“最......”。Poin

t1：规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er,-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不发音的e结尾时加-r,-estlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加

-er,-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest重度闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时双写最后的辅音字母再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原

级前加more，mostcarefulbeautifulmorecarefulmorebeautifulmostcarefulmostbeautifulPoint2：不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmo

remostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldestExercise

：long___________wide_____________fat_________delicious_____________heavy__________slow_____________few_________Exer

cise：1.---Isyourstomachachegetting______?---No,it'sworse.A.betterB.badC.lessD.well2.Inourcity,it's____inJuly

,butitiseven____inAugst.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotter要点四：形容词比较等级的用法Point3:形容词原级的用法“A+be+as+原级+as+乙”表示AB两者程度相同。eg

：Thisbookisasinterestingasthatone.Ithinkforeignlanguageareasdifficultassciencesubjects."A+be+not+as/so+原级+as+B"表示“A不如B......"。e

g:IthinkmathsisnotsoeasyasP.E.Luckily,theweatherisnotsowetasitwasyesterday.表示“A是B的......倍”时，用“A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。e

g：Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.(PS:一倍：once，两倍：twice，三倍以上：数字+times)Exercise：1.---IthinkEnglishi

s_____French.---Idon'tagreewithyou.A.lesspopularthanB.themostpopularC.sopopularasD.asmorepopularas2.Listeningisjustas____asspeakin

ginlanguagelearning.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportantExercise：3.Ithinkthestoryisnotso

___asthatone.A.interestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting4.Theearthisabout____asthemoon.A.asfiftytimeasbigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfift

ytimesD.fiftyastimesbigPoint4:形容词比较级的用法基本用法比较级表示两者之间的比较，常用句型结构有："A+be+形容词比较级+than+B",表示"A比B........".eg:Jane'scakeisbiggerthanLil

y's.Thisoneisnicerthantheotherone.特殊用法⑴比较级前可加much，even，alittle,alot等，表示不同程度。eg：Jackalwaysmakesuslaugh.Heismuchfunnierthanhisbrother

.Thistableisalittlesmallerthanthatone.LucyisevenmorecarefulthanLily.⑵"形容词比较级+and+比较级"或"moreandmore+原级”表示“越来越…”eg:Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Sh

eisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.⑶"The+比较级......，the+比较级...."表示“越…越…”eg：Themoreyoulearn,themoreyouwillget.Themoreyoupractise,theeasieritbecomes

.⑷“A+be+the+比较级+ofthetwo…”表示“两者中较…的”eg：Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.Heistheclevererofthetwoboys.⑸比较级前可以用表示倍数的词（组）或“数词+名词”构成的名词短语来

修饰。eg：Heistwoinchestallerthanhisfather.Exercise：1.Thepriceofcarsisgetting____now,somoreandmorepeoplecanaf

fordtobuythem.A.cheaperandcheaperB.lowerandlowerC.higherandhigherD.moreexpensive2.---Thisdigtalcameraisreallycheap!---The____,th

ebetter.I'mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensiveExercise：3.IthinkChineseis_____thanJ

apanese.A.moremuchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.muchimportant4.Yourroomis_____thanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimes

bigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimesExercise：5.Ilike____oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.older6

.Whichis_____country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD.largestPoint4:形容词最高级的用法基本用法⑴表示三者或三者以上的人或物进

行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。eg:Youaretheyoungestintheclass.Jimisthetallestofall.⑵表示在三者或三者以上

的人或物中进行选择时，用"which/whois+the+最高级，A、BorC"结构。eg：Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth？Whohasthemostapples,Jim,LindaorLily?

特殊用法⑴oneofthe+最高级+复数名词，表示“最....之一”。eg:TheYellowRiverisoneofthelongestriversinChina.Hangzhouisoneofthemostbeautifulcit

iesinChina.⑵形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几最......."。eg:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.⑶形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含

义。eg：Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.=Heisthetallestboyinourclass.Exercise：1.Tomhavefivehorsesonthefarm.Thewhiteonei

s____ofthefive.A.youngerB.theyoungestC.mostyoungD.young2.Thefifthorangeis____ofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.A.bigB.biggerC.th

ebiggerD.thebiggestExercise：3.Beijingisoneof_____inChina.A.thelargestcityB.thelargecitiesC.thelargercitiesD.thelargestcit

ies4.Whichmonthis_____,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottestExercise：5.Chinaislargerthan____inAfr

ica.A.anyohtercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountry6.Ofallsubjects,chemistryseemstobe___forme.A.diffic

ultB.toodifficultC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult阅读理解有哪些题型？WARM-UP主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型推理判断型HowtoDealwiththeProblem

sonReadingComprehension什么是细节事实型？是有关细节的问题，常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。命题方式常有：1.Whichofthefollowingstat

ementistrue?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3.Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4.Accordingtothepa

ssage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?CONTENTEg.Atthesametimeaftertheageoften,atelevenortwelve,boys’andgirl

s’bodiesstartchanging.Thistimeofchangeiscalledpuberty…Question:Accordingtothetextthechangesinpubertystartattheageof_______.A.8or9B.11or12C.1

5or16D.17or18题型一：直接对号入座Eg.From1262to1944IcelandwasruledfirstbyNorwayandthenbyDenmark.Question:HowmanyyearsdidNorwayandDenmarkruledIceland?

A.700B.682C.388D.1070题型二：同义/反义词转换Eg.Kuminghasapopulationofmorethan5,000,000.Question:What’sthepopulationofKuming?A.OverfivemillionB.Overfiv

ethousandC.OverfivebillionD.OverfivehundredEg.Haveyoueverfoundthatsomepeoplecan’treadorwritebutusuallytheyhavebette

rmemories?Thisisbecausetheycannotreadorwritedowninalittlenotebook.Question:Somepeoplecan’treadorwrite,bu

ttheyusuallyhavebettermemories,because______.A.theyhavesavedmuchtroubleB.theyhavesavedmuchtorememberthingsC.theyhavetousetheirmemoriesallthetimeD.t

heycan’twriteeverythinginalittlenotebookEg.CanadaGeesearelargeblueandwhitebirds.Whenautumnarrives,theyhavetoflysouthwheretheweatheris

warmer.Question:CanadaGeesehavetoflysouth___________.A.inspringB.afterautumnC.inwinterD.aftersummer题型三：短语、从句转换Eg.Studentssitintheclassroomlist

eningtotheteacher.Thisisawayoflearning.Isthistheonlywayforstudentstolearnsomething?Ofcoursenot.Question:Listeningtotheteacheris________forstu

dentstolearnsomething.A.notawayB.thebestwayC.theonlywayD.nottheonlyway题型四：概括归纳主旨大意型CONTENT什么是主旨大意型？命题方式常有：1.Whatdoesthewr

itermainlytellus?2.Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideabes

t?4.Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?是考查文章主旨大意和中心思想的题目。PASSAGE1Eg.TodayNewtownisaverycleanp

lace.Butmanyyearsago,thereweremillionsofratsinNewtown.Theyattackedthecatsanddogs.Sometimesalotofthemknockeddow

namanorwomanwalkinghomeatnight.Theratswereverybiginsizeandtheyhurtmanypeople….Question:Whichofthefollowingisthe

besttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoKillRatsB.Newtown---CityofRatsC.HowNewtownPeopleBecameRichD.HowNewtownBecamea

VeryCleanCity.PASSAGE2Eg.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneprobl

em.Merlinhadnowaytostophisroller-skater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellth

emirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime.Question：Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthisparagraph?A.Therolle

rskatesneededfurtherimprovementB.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimse

lfintotrouble.PASSAGE3Eg.Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecasttheweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld…Today,nearlyfivehundredw

eatherstationsinsixtycountriescanreceivesatellitepictures…Sotheweathersatellitesareofagreathelptothescientistsatthestation.Inthepasttheycouldforecast

theweatherforabout24or48hoursearlier.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsfor3or5days….Question：Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellite

sarenowusedin________.A.takingpicturesoftheatmosphereB.manywaysC.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphereD.weatherforecastin

g词义猜测型CONTENTPASSAGE1OneofthethingsIalwaysbelieveisthatnomatterhowbadsomethingis,youcantakesomethingpositiveoutofit.Question:Theword“positive”inth

epassageprobablymeans______.A.TerribleB.badC.goodD.realPASSAGE2EveryDecemberinLondon,theNationalCageandAvi

aryBirdShowtriestofindthebest“talking”birdintheworld.OnebirdnamedPrudlestoodoutamongthe“talkingbirds”.Shewonthisprizefor12yearsform196

5to1976.Question:Whatdoestheword“standout”meaninthispassage?A．站起来B.飞起来C.脱颖而出D.取出来PASSAGE3Mancanonlydrinkorusetheother3%oft

hefreshwaterwhichcomesfromrivers,lakesanunderground.Ontheotherhand,becausethenumberofpeopleintheworldisbecominglargerandla

rger,moreandmorefreshwaterisneeded.Sowatershortagebecomesabigproblem.Question:Theword“shortage”inthispassagemeans______.A.beingenoughB.beingsh

ortofC.beingshortforD.beinglessPASSAGE4Forexample,twocupsofcoffeewillmakeyoubreathefasterandaugmentbo

dyheat.Allthismakesyourheartbeatfaster,anddoctorswarnthatthismaybealittledangerous.Question:Theworld“augme

nt”means________.A.increaseB.drinkC.stopD.makeless推理判断型CONTENT什么是推理判断型？以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。

命题方式常有：1.Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.2.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?4.Whatisthetone(语

气)oftheauthor?5.Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?6.Thepassageisintendedto_____.7.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?PASSAGE1Weareallbusy

talkingaboutandusingtheInternet,buthowmanyofusknowthehistoryoftheInternet?TheInternethasnowbecomeoneofthemost

importantpartsofpeople’slife.Question:Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentence?A.PeoplewilldiewithouttheInternetB.AllpeopleshouldsetuptheirownnetworkC.P

eopleliveeasilywithoutInternetD.PeoplewillmoreandmoredependontheInternetPASSAGE2TVshowsarelikebooksorfilms.Achildcanlearnbadthingsfromsomeoftheman

dgoodthingsfromothers.SomeshowshelpchildrentounderstandthenewsfromWashingtonandotherpartsoftheworld.Someprogrammesshowpeopleandplacesfromothercou

ntriesorothertimesinhistory.WithTVachilddoesnothavetogotothezootoseeanimalsortoseatoseeaship.Boysandgirlscanseeaplay,aconcertorabasketballgam

eathome.Someprogrammeseventeachchildrenhowtocookorhowtousetools.Question:Thewriter’sopinionisthat________.A.boysandgirlss

houldspendsometimebothonTVandotherthings.B.childrenshouldn’twatchTVshowsC.parentsmustn’tbuyTVsets.D.childrenshouldstopwatchingTV.racticeBac

kgroundInformationofHalloweenHalloweenwasfirstcelebratedovertwothousandyearsagoinGreatBritainandIreland（爱尔兰）.Theycelebrat

edtheendoftheharvestandbeginningofwinterwithafestivalcalledSamhain（萨温节）.Peopleworemasksandcostumesduringtheircelebrationstohonorormimicghosts（鬼

）.Afterthat,holidayswereaddedandchanged.November2ndbecameAllSaints'Day,tohonorsaints.November1stbecameAllSouls'Day,orAllHallows'Day,toremembe

rthosewhohaddied.SomechildrenmayknowthatisaholidaycelebratedinmanypartsofMexico.ThisholidayfallsonAllSouls'Day.October31s

tbecameAllHallow'sEve,ortheeveningbeforeAllHallows'Day.ThenamebecameshortenedtoHalloween.racticeSinc

eHalloweenfallsneartheendoftheharvest,manytraditionalfoodsareassociatedwith（与……相关联）thefallseason,includingpumpk

ins,apples,popcorn,andnuts.Candy"corn"isanodtothefallharvestaswell.TherearemanysymbolsonHalloween,suchasskeletons（骷髅）,ghosts

,blackcats,witches(巫婆),andafullmoon.Today,peoplestilldressupforHalloween.Theyalsogiveoutfoodtotrick-or-treat

ers,thatcometotheirdoors.Whilemanytrick-or-treatersreceivetreatsorsnacks,somealsocollectmoneyforcharities（慈善机构）.Charityis

agroupthatdoesgoodthingsforsomepeople.AndHalloweenmightbeagoodopportunitytohelpacharity.1.WhichoneisnotcommonHalloweentradition?A．Wearingcost

umesandgoingtrick-or-treating.B．Bobbingforapplesandcarvingjack-o-lanterns.C．EatingMooncakes.ractice2.Wheredidpeoplece

lebratethefirstHalloween?A.InGreatBritainandIreland.B.InAmerica.C.InEngland.3.WhenisHalloween’sEve?A.November1st.B.October31st.C.Decemb

er1st.4.WhichoneisnottraditionalfoodonHalloween?A.PopcornandnutsB.ChickenC.Apples5.Whatdon’tpeopledoonHalloween?A.Trick-or-

treat.B.Dressingupthetree.C.Eatingpumpkinpie.1ST四个题型需辨清2ND四个题型做题技巧需记牢细节主旨猜词推断CONCLUSIONHi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye主谓

主谓一致三原则Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则壹语法一致原则Hi!MySweetD

reamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。eg:Hisfatherisadoctor.Theyares

tudents.Weloveourmotherland.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑴由and或both…and….连接的并列主语如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，

若指同一个人或物，则谓语动词用单数。eg：BothLucyandLilyarestudents.Aworkerandwriterisgoingtogaveusatalk.一个工人兼作家知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJust

FulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑵用one、everyone、eachone、anyone、each、either、neither等+of+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Ev

eryoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsispretty.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑶不定代词either、neither、theother、

another、someone、somebody、something等在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg：Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting?Thereissome

thingwrongthemybike.知识要点知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑷不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg：Readingislearn

ing.Toseeistobelieve.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑸主语后面跟有with,alongwith,except,besides,but

,aswellas,togetherwith,including,ratherthan等词或短语，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致。就远原则eg：Theboytogetherwithherparentsgoestothemuseumonceaweek.Allt

hestudents,includingTom,aregoingtothepark.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑹由“someof,plent

yof,alotof,mostof,therestof,allof,halfof,分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持数的一致。eg：Twothirdsoftheworkwasfinishedbyme.Mostofth

ecomputersboughtfromBeijing.知识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑺“apair/akind/aseries….+of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单

数；“pairs/kinds…+of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg：Akindofbirdshasbeendiscoveredbythem.Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.知

识要点Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑻某些只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。eg：Myglasseswerebroken.pantsshoesshortstrousersglovesclothes知

识要点梦の家Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye贰主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式

。主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。eg:Twentydollarsistoodear.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodb

ye⑴主语为集体名词，若表示集体概念谓语动词用单数,若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。team,class,group,company,eg：Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.Myfamilyalllikeclassicalmusic.⑵

有些集合名词，形式上是单数，意义上表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词news,physics等，形式上是复数，而意义上表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。police,people人们peoples民族eg：Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Ph

ysicsisveryinteresting.Wealllikeit.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑶表示价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般看成一个整体，谓语常

用单数。eg:Threeyearsisalongtime.⑷“the+形容词”作主语若表示一类人，谓语用复数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，谓语用单数。theyoung/old/rich/pooreg：Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thebeautifu

lgivespleasuretoallofus.the+姓氏TheblacksenjoyworkinginChina.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye弎就近原则就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动

词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的主语。eg:Eitherheorsheiswrong.BothheandIarewrong.不是就是要么要么Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑴.由either…or….,neither…nor

,notonly…butalso…,not…but等连接两个主语时，其谓语的单复数需与较近的主语保持一致。eg:NeitherhersistersnorMary/isgoingtothepartytomorrow.MarynorhersistersaregoingtoNo

tonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardmeetingmyuncle.Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbye⑵Therebe….和Herebe…两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上

保持一致。There(引导词)+be(谓语)+主语+状语eg：TherearethreeapplesandabananainTom’sbag.ThereisanappleandabananainTom'sbag.ThereisatablewiththreelegsinT

om’sroom.谢谢！Thanks!Hi!MySweetDreamJustFulfillyourDreamWorkHarderGoodbyeWebecamesuperheroessuddenly.Webecamesuperheroe

safterwewatchingAvengers.（动词）（句子）（副词）主语谓语宾语状语◆在复合句中表示的状语◆可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句分类1时间状语从句9结果状语从句6让步状语从句8方式状语从句7比较状语从句2地点状语从句3原因状语从

句4条件状语从句5目的状语从句1.当我在看捉妖记时，我听到一些声音。IheardthevoicewhenIwaswatchingMonsterHunt.2.在我们进电影院之前，我们应该买一些喝的。Weshouldbuysomethingtodrinkbeforeweenterthecinema.

3.直到那个妖怪死了，这个电影才会结束。Themoviewillnotenduntilthemonsterdies.时间状语从句说明动作或状态发生、存在的时间。时间状语从句可以由以下连词或词组引导:ABCDwhen当…时before在…之前assoona

s一…就hardly…when一…就while当…时after在…之后themoment一…就scarcely…when刚一…就as当…时since自从…以来theminute一…就nosooner..than一…就whenever无论何时till/u

ntil直到every/eachtime每次instantly/directly一…就When“当……的时候”◆既可指时间段，也可指时间点◆从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用非延续性动词（终止性动词）◆动作既可和主句的动作同时发生，又

可在主句的动作之前或之后发生While“当……的时候”◆只能表示一段时间◆引导的从句只能是延续性动词◆只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。when&while1.当Tom正在看电视的时候，他妻子正在做饭。While/WhenTomwaswatchingT

V,hiswifewascooking.2.当马力走进教室的时候，Vivi正在看书。WhenMarywentintotheclassroom,Viviwasreading.Marywentintothec

lassroom,while/whenViviwasreading.until直到……not…until不…直到…assoonas一…就…IlikegirlsuntilImet马力.1.我喜欢女生，直到我遇到马力。IdidnotlikeboysuntilI

met马力.2.我不喜欢男生直到我遇到马力。AssoonasImet马力Ifellinlovewithhim.3.我一遇到马力就坠入爱河了。我是马力before在…之前after在…之后MarywasanordinarymanbeforehecametoAixuetang

.1.在来爱学堂之前，马力是个普通人。MarybecameasuperheroafterhecametoAixuetang.2.来了爱学堂之后，马力变成了超人。1.Tomwillcallmeassoonashe_______Shanghai.A.arrive

sB.willarriveC.arrivesinD.getto2.He____home____shewassatisfied____hisansweryesterday.A.didn’tgo;until;wit

hB.wasn’tgo;after;toC.doesn’tgo;before;withD.didn’tgo;until;to3.Hewasabouttogotobed________thedoorbellrang.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when_____Johnwa

swatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till选出你的Mr.Right地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位，这类从句通常由where,wherever引导。◆Gobackwhereyoucame

from.你从哪儿来的回哪儿去吧！◆Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；状语从句前则无需先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefr

om.你从何处来到何处去。Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.回到你来的那个村子里去。(地点状语从句）(定语从句，修饰village)BecauseIamwhoIam•Whyareyousosmart?•Whyareyousobeautifu

l?•WhyareyousoDiao?原因状语从句原因状语从句是用来说明引起主句这个结果的原因的从句。从属连词主要有：because,since,for,as;关于because君(1)because表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强

，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前。•E.g.WearewatchingAvengersbecausewewanttobesuperheroes.(2)回答why提出的问题，只能用because,不能用其余三者。•A：Whycan’tIgo?•

B：Becauseyouaretooyoung.because与becauseof的区别•BecauseIloveyou.•because后接的是原因状语从句•Becauseoflove.•becau

seof后接的是名词，代词或动名词记住！because不与so连用！关于since君•since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前,表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式,语气比because弱

。E.g.①Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmyEnglish.•②Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.1.Iwaslateforc

lassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.sinceB.becauseC.thatD.becauseof2.Shefoundherwallet_________

shelostit.A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.that3.Wemustcamp______wecangetwater.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what4.Hedidn’tgotowork_

____theheavyrain.A.becauseB.sinceC.becauseofD.so选出你的Mr.Right状语从句分类1时间状语从句9结果状语从句6让步状语从句8方式状语从句7比较状语从句2地点状语从句3原因状语从句4条

件状语从句5目的状语从句1.如果明天不下雨，我们就去看捉妖记。We________MonsterHuntifit_________tomorrow.2.你不应该去看电影，除非你完成了作业。You____________movie______youfinishyourhomework.wil

lwatchdoesn’trainshouldn’twatchunless条件状语从句条件状语从句表示条件，常用的连接词:if,unless,aslongas,solongas,asfaras条件状语从句Ifpeop

leobeythetrafficrules,therewillbefeweraccidents.时态：主将从现主句用一般将来时（will），从句用一般现在时。Wewillgothepartyifweareinvited.注意事项：1.在if引导的条件状语从句中

，当主句是一般将来时，不能够使用begoingto结构，而要用结构will。例如：IwillhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.如果明天我有空，我会帮你学英语。2.在if

引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some，而要用any。例如：Ifyouhaveanyquestionstoask,pleasecometomyoffice.如果你有问题要问的话，请到我办公室来。1.________Ilive,Ishallworkhard.A.Bec

auseB.UnlessC.AslongasD.For2.Youcan’tlearnitwell_______youworkhard.A.unlessB.ifC.sinceD.because3.Ifyou_____himtomorrow,pleaseaskifhe_____toworkonthef

armwithus.A.see;goesB.willsee;goesC.willsee;willgoD.see;willgo4.Ifhe____cometomorrow,wewillgowithouthim.A.doesn’tcomeB.don’tcomeC.didn’tcome

选出你的Mr.Right结果状语从句1.他们都太可爱了以至于每个人都喜欢他们。Theyare____lovely_____everyone_____them.sothatloves2.他们是如此可爱的孩子所以每个人都喜

欢他们。Theyare_____lovelykids_____everyone_____them.suchthatloves结果状语从句表示的一种结果，常用的连词：so…that;such…that表示如此…以至于…so…that：

1.so+形容词／副词＋that2.so+形容词＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that3.so＋many/much＋复数名词（不可数名词）+thatsuch…that：1.such＋a(an)＋形容词＋名词＋that2.such＋形容词＋复数名词／不可数

名词＋that啥时候用so，啥时候用such捏1.Hismotherwas_______busy______shecan’tlookafterTom.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.very,thatD.too,to2.Hewas______angrytohe

arthenewsthathecouldn’tsayaword.A.soB.tooC.veryD.much3.Thereis____littlemoneythatIcan’tbuytheshirt.A.tomuchB.soC.suchD.many4.Hewas_

___alittleboythateveryonetakescareofhim.A.soB.suchC.manyD.much选出你的Mr.Right目的状语从句1.中国老师让他们安静下来，为了让他们认真听课。TheChineseteacheraskedt

hestudentstobequiet___________theycanlistencarefully.sothat2.那个老师惩罚顽皮的学生，为了让他以后守规矩。Theteacherpunishedthatnaughtystudent________________hecouldbe

havehimselffromthenon.inorderthat目的状语从句常由sothat,inorderthat,inorderto等词引导，目的状语从句常用助动词may（might）,shall（should）,will（would）,can(could)。目的状语从句常放于主句之后，目

的状语从句1.你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.2.他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂。Hespokeslowlyinorderthatevery

oneshouldunderstand.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakeeveryoneunderstand.注意：inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接词组，动词。1.尽管这环境

很差,他们还是很喜欢。_________it’shardwork,Ienjoyit．2.不管工作多么艰难,他都从不放弃。___________howhardtheworkwas,henevergaveitup．

让步状语从句AlthoughNomatter让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管，即使”等概念，常用的关联词有：though,although,eventhough,nomatter,evenif等。whatever,however,wherever,whenever•它们是what,how,wh

ere,when的强势语气。分别等于：nomatterwhat,nomatterhownomatterwhere,nomatterwhen1.Hurryup,wehavetogettothestationbefore11:45______Icancatchth

e12:00train.A.sinceB.afterC.assoonasD.sothat2.I’llrunslowly________youcancatchupwithme.A.thatB.toC.inorderthatD.and选出你的Mr.Righ

t3.Katewenttoschool______itrainedheavilyyesterday.A.thoughB.ifC.butD.since唉哟！不错哦！中考真题哦！1.______theyhadworkedforalongtime,everyonelo

okedtired.A.WhileB.AfterC.UnlessD.For2．Hehasbeenateacher______hecametothecountry.A．sinceB.untilC.asD.whe

n3．Itistenyears______Isawyoulasttime.A.sinceB.whenC.thatD.if4．Themanputonaovercoat______keephimselfwarm.A.thatB.sothattoC.inorderthatD.inorde

rto5．Hehaschangedsomuch______Icanhardlyrecognizehim.A.asB.sothatC.thatD.but6．We'llbothwaithere______yougetback.A.

sothatB.thatC.untilD.for7．Hecouldn'tcome______hewantedto.A.asB.becauseC.althoughD.for8.it’sdifficult

tomakeherdreamcometrue,shenevergivesup.A.ThoughB.UnlessC.BecauseD.If9.It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriverspeoplegetofftheb

us.A.AfterB.sinceC.untilD.when10.Yourdreamwon’tcometrueyouknowwhatyourdreamis.A.AfterB.unlessC.whileD.since