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过去分词ThePastParticiple过去分词1构成2含义3功能4区别5练习一构成:v+ed或不规则的变化动词例如:want---wanted---wanteddo---did---donego---went---gone二过去分词本身的含义:被动或完成

fallenleavesreturnedstudentsagrown-updaughterabrokenheartarespectedleaderarecently-builthouse三.功能1.Atthattime,suchthingwa

saforbiddentopictobetalkedabout.2.Manyusedcarswillbesoldinthismarket.3.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.4.Shelo

okedworried.5.Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.6.Heisgongtohavetheroompainted.定语定语表语表语宾补宾补现在分词形式过去分词形式一般式doingdone完成式（主）havin

gdone（被）havingbeendone现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。I.Pastparticipleusedasattribute

s（定语）1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraise

dbytheaudience.2.作用---相当于一个定语从句（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Isthereanythingthatha

sbeenplannedfortonight?（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday

）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.（表示完成）Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.（表示正在进行）II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredic

tive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g

.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.常见的这类此有：interesting—interestedencouraging—encoura

geddelighting—delighteddisappointing—disappointedpleasing—pleasedpuzzling—puzzledsatisfying—satisfiedsurprising

—surprisedworrying--worriedIII.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语)1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被

…”e.g.Iwantthework(tobe)finishedbySunday.Jimorderedtheroom(tobe)cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,

notice+object(宾语)+p.p.e.g.Wesawthethiefcaughtbythepolice.Peoplefoundthewaterpolluted.HaveyouheardapopsongsunginJapanese?过去分词,不定式,现在分词

作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassro

om.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.3.使役动词:make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.e.g.Wemustgetthetableclothwashed.=Wemustasksomebodytowashth

etablecloth.Hehadhiswatchrepaired.4.在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishairtiedback

?作定语时可用定语从句代替Heisarespectedleader.=Heisaleader__________________.Isthisthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?=Isthisthebook_________________b

yyourteacher?whoisrespectedwhichwasrecommended1.amovingfilmthemovedpeople2.boilingwaterboiledwater3.fallingleavesfallenleaves

现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；四、1分词作定语的区别过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：1.过去分词done表示被动和完成；2.现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、正在进行的动作；3.现在分词的被动式beingdone表示被动

的、正在进行的动作；4.不定式的主动式todo表示一个将要发生的主动动作；5.不定式的被动式tobedone则表示一个将要发生的被动动作_______yesterdayThemeeting___________now(hold)______

____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.(hold)heldbeingheldtobeheld1.A.Nobodywas__________inthestoryhetold.B.Thes

toryhetoldwasvery___________.(interested,interesting)2.A.Everybodywas________tohearthenews.B.Thenewsisvery________

__indeed.(excited,exciting)interestedinterestingexcitedexciting四、2分词作表语的区别1.A.Nobodywas__________inthestoryhetold.B.Thestoryhetoldwasvery___________.

(interested,interesting)2.A.Everybodywas________tohearthenews.B.Thenewsisvery__________indeed.(excited,exciting)-ing表示令人….,-ed表

示感到…,Iheardsomeone_________(call)mewhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.Iheardmyname________(call).callingcalled四、3分词作宾补的区别接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；

接过去分词时，表被动或完成。Isawhim___________________.scoldscoldedbyhismotherIsawhismother_________________.scoldinghimIsawhim___________________.biteb

ittenbyadogIsawthedog___________________.bitinghimWehaveanEnglishteacher________(call)Janet.WehaveanEnglishteach

erwho________(call)Janet.Whoweretheguests________(invite)tohisconcertlastmonth?Who________(invite)tohisconcertlastmonth?四、4pp与be

+pp分词作宾补的区别calledwascalledinvitedwereinviteddone是非谓语动词，bedone是谓语动词，有自己的独立主语。Competethesentencesusingtherightformofthegivenverb.1

.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas________(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_______(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery_________

____(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe___________(satisfy)customer.5.Thegirl_________(dress)inredismyda

ughter.6.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.boredamazeddisappointingsatisfieddressedorganised1.Asisk

nowntousall,travelingis______,butweoftenfeel______whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.inter

esting;tiringD.interested;tiredA练习二:单选2.Hearingthe____news,weallfelt___.A.encouraging,encouraging,B.encouraged,encouragedC.encouraged,e

ncouragingD.encouraging,encouragedD3.Fromthedates______onthegoldcoin,itisconfirmedthatitwasmadefivehundredy

earsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarkedB4.The_______lookinherfacesuggestedthatshe_______itbefore.A.surprising,wouldn’tknowB.

surprised,hadn’tknownC.surprising,hadn’tknownD.surprised,shouldn’tknowB5BeingpooratEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself______.A.understan

dB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understoodD6Ihavehadmybike______,andI’mgoingtohavesomebody______myradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.r

epairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairingC7Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem______soquickly.A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.sett

lingsettle解决A8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.to

settleD.beingsettledc9.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfhear

dD.tomakeherselfheard.D10.Thefirsttextbooks______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.writtenD.beingwrittenC过去分词1构成2含义3功能4区别5练习