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时态1种类构成一般现在时do/does一般过去时did一般将来时will/shall+动词原形现在进行时am/is/are+doing现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去进行时was/were+doing过去完成时had+过去分词过去将来时wou

ld/should+动词原形知识导航21、构成一般现在时常用动词原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加s或es32、用法※表示经常性、习惯性的动作Igototheparkonceaweek.Whendoyouusuallyhavebreakfast?※表示客观真理Thesunrisesint

heeast.4※表示主语所具有的特征、性格、能力、状态等Sheisamiddleschoolstudent.Shelooksalittleworried.※某些以here/there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表正发生的

动作Herecomesthebus.5※表示将来发生的、时刻表上不改变的事ThetrainleavesHunanatfiveo’clock.※特殊情况在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在代替将

来。（主将从现）I’llseeyouwhenIgetthere.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgoshopping.6常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often经常usuall

y通常never从不everyday每天sometimes有时seldom几乎不always总是onceaweek一周一次7【翻译】我今年20岁，住在北京。Iamtwentyyearsoldthisyear,andIliveinBeijing.火车将在一个小时后（inanhour）出发（

setoff）。Thetrainsetsoffinanhour.她每天都走路上学。Shewalkstoschooleveryday.或：Shegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.81、构成现在进行时由“助动词be（am/is/are）+doing”

构成。92、用法※表此时此刻正发生的动作，常与now连用。Theyarecleaningtheroom.Listen,someoneisshouting.※与副词always连用，表达一种感情色彩。Sheisalwaysthink

ingofothersinsteadofherself.Whyareyoualwayscominglate?10※有些动词（arrive,come,go,leave）的ing形式可表示将发生的、计划或安排好的

事。Weareleavingherenextweek.Sheiscomingtoseemetomorrow.※while后常用doing形式Whileyouarereadingthebook,heissleeping.11常与现

在进行时连用的时间状语有：now现在rightnow现在thesedays这些天atthismoment在此刻12我认为他正在看电视。Ithink(that)heiswatchingTV.当我在睡觉的

时候他正在听音乐。WhileIamsleeping,heislisteningtomusic.【翻译】13Look!there____ourdog.(2013)A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.comingLook!Thesun___,andi

t___fromthewest.(2013)A.fallsdown,fallsdownB.fallsdown,fallingdownC.isfallingdown,fallsdownD.isfallingdown,fallingdown14Theman____withh

isparentsonceayear.(2014)A.goestravelB.goestravelingC.isgoingtravelD.isgoingtravelingSheisdoingherhomeworkwhilehermother____toher.(2014)A

.speaksB.spokeC.tospeakD.speaking15Heisalazyman.He____thedirtyjeanseveryday.(2014)A.alwayswearsB.alwayswearingC.alwaystowearD.isalwayswearingY

ouwillknowthetruthafteryou___him.(2013)A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.tosee161、构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。除系动词be的过去式有人称和数的变化外，其他动词的过去式无人称和数的变化。172、用法※

表示过去已经发生的动作，现在已经结束，常与相应的过去时间状语连用。Tomfellilllastnight,andhehadtostayathome.※追述逝去的人或事。Edisonwasagreatinventor.18※表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，可与always,usua

lly,often,sometimes,never连用。Heusuallywalkedtoschoollastyear.Ioftenatenoodleslastweek,butnowIseldomlikeit.19常见的过去时间状语有：

justnow刚才yesterday昨天intheolddays在那段旧时光里atthattime=atthatmoment在那时afewdaysago=theotherday几天前20去年他通常坐公交车去上学，但现在经常骑自行车上学。Heusuallyw

enttoschoolbybuslastyear,butnowheoftengoestoschoolbybike.【翻译】211、构成一般将来时态由“will/shall+动词原形”构成，表示将来发生的动作或状态。W

ewill/shallcometoaskMaryforhelp.222、其他表示※begoingto+动词原形：表示说话人主观的打算或预测。Iamgoingtolookforajobhere.Itisgoingtobeafi

nedayforcampingtomorrow.23※betodo:表示已经计划或安排好的动作。ThepresidentistovisitChinanextweek.Themeetingistostartearlytomorrow.24※beabouttodo:表示马

上要发生的事，不强调主观。Thetrainisabouttoleave.※beabouttodowhen正当…时Iamabouttoleavewhenthephonerings.25注意：在从句中的将来时态，will要变成相应的时态。Shesaid

shewouldhelpmeifshefinishedherwork.26他昨天说他很快将要离开。Yesterday,hesaidhewouldleavesoon.正当他要说话时，老师来了。Heisabouttospeakwhentheteachercomes.【翻译】271、构成现在完成时由“

助动词have/has+过去分词”构成，表示一件已发生的事与现在情况有联系，往往对现在造成一定影响。Ihavelostmykey.Thelifthasbrokendown.282、用法※常可以和just,ever,already,recently

,yet等词连用。Hehasjustleft.Haveyouphonedhimyet?(否定回答)：No,Ihaven’t.29※常和for+时间段、since引导的时间状语、howlong连用。Howlonghaveyoukno

wnher?Ihaveknownherforthreeyears.※强调直到现在为止的经历。HehasonlybeentoChinaonce.30※在时间和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。Iwillgohomeassoon

asIhavefinishedallmywork.Iwillnotletyougountilyouhavefinishedyourwork.31※和time连用的情况This/ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseenapanda.※由since引导的从句中，主句用现在完成

时，从句用一般过去时。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetatschool.32注意区别：havegoneto:到某地去了，还未回来havebeento：到过某地—Ihaven’tseenJohnfordays,where

hashegone?—HehasgonetoAmericaforbusiness.IhavebeentoAmerica.33他去上海待了一周。HehasbeentoShanghaiforaweek.我将在你离开之后告诉他们（after）。Iwilltellthem

afteryouhaveleft.你找到你的钥匙了吗？Haveyoufoundyourkey?【翻译】341、构成过去进行时由“助动词be(was/were)+doing”构成，表示在过去某一时间点正在进行的动作。atthattime当时t

histimeyesterday昨天这个时候35Whatwereyoudoingat8:30yesterdayevening?IwaswatchingTV.【小试牛刀】他们昨天这个时候正在吃晚餐。Theywerehavingdinnerthistimeyesterday.361、构成过

去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这个过去的时刻常用by,before等介词短语来表示。37常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：beforethatyear那年之前bythe/thattime到……的时候bytheendof

…到……为止38Bythetimehegotthere,thebushadleft.Hehadworkedfor10hoursbeforeheslept.【小试牛刀】到去年为止我都没有见到他。Ihadno

tseenhimbytheendoflastyear.391、构成过去完成时由“助动词would/should+动词原形或was/weregoingto+动词原形”构成，表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。40Lastwee

khesaidhewouldcometoseeme.Iwasabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.【小试牛刀】她告诉我她打算去香港。ShetoldmeshewasgoingtoHongKong.41WhenA

licecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshe____there.(12全国)A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslainItwasonlyaftersomeprocess___in

preventingthewaterpollutionthatwebegantorealizethesignificanceofit.(13重庆)A.wasmadeB.wouldhavebeenmadeC.

hasbeenmadeD.hadbeenmade42--ImetTomlastmonth.--Really?--Yes.We____eachothersincewegraduatedfromcollege.(14山东)A.haven’tmetB.hadn’tmetC.wouldn’

tmeetD.didn’tmeetMyoil___.Imustgotothegasstationbeforethereisnoneleft.(10山东模考)A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingru

nout43Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam____fourdayslater.(11上海)A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasre

scuedD.hadbeenrescuedThemanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant____inhisplace,butluckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.(13四川)A.gaveB.ha

sgivenC.wasgivenD.hadgiven44