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环境保护演讲OurtopicWhatdoyouknowaboutgreenhouseeffect?Globalwarming?Risingsealevels?Theimpactontheearth?Outline•Greenhouseeffect•Globalwar

ming•RisingsealevelsGreenhouseeffectWhatisthegreenhouseeffect?Onasunnywinterday,youparkyourcarinthesun,lockit,andgocruisethelo

calshoppingmallforacoupleofhours.Whenyoucomebacklaterandgetintoyourcar,whatdoyounotice?Istheinteriorofthecarhotorcold?Howdoesthetemperaturei

nsideofyourcarcomparetothetemperatureoutside?Ifyouhaveeverbeeninsideofagreenhouse,especiallywhenthesunisout

,whathaveyouobserved?Itisdefinitelywarm,andusuallytheairismoist.Agreenhouseiscommonlywarmerthantheoutsideairb

ecauseagreenhousehastheabilitytotrapheatinsideofit.Thisphenomenoniscalledthegreenhouseeffect.GreenhouseeffectTheheatcaused

byinfraredradiationisabsorbedby"greenhousegases"suchaswatervapor,carbondioxide,ozoneandmethane,whichslowsitsescapefro

mtheatmosphere.Althoughgreenhousegasesmakeuponlyabout1percentoftheEarth'satmosphere,theyregulateourclimatebytra

ppingheatandholdingitinakindofwarm-airblanketthatsurroundstheplanet.Lifeontheearthdependsonenergyfromthesun.About30percentofthes

unlightthatbeamstowardEarthisdeflectedbytheouteratmosphereandscatteredbackintospace.Therestreachestheplanet'ssurfaceandisreflectedupw

ardagainasatypeofslow-movingenergycalledinfraredradiation.GreenhouseeffectThegreenhouseeffectisanatura

llyoccurringprocessthataidsinheatingtheEarth'ssurfaceandatmosphere.Itresultsfromthefactthatcertainatmosphericgases,suc

hascarbondioxide,watervapor,andmethane,areabletochangetheenergybalanceoftheplanetbyabsorbinglongwaveradiationemittedfromtheEa

rth'ssurface.WithoutthegreenhouseeffectlifeonthisplanetwouldprobablynotexistastheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthwouldbeachilly-18°Celsius,ra

therthanthepresent15°CelsiusGreenhouseeffectHowDoHumansContributetotheGreenhouseEffect?Whilethegreenhouseeffectisanessent

ialenvironmentalprerequisiteforlifeonEarth,therereallycanbetoomuchofagoodthing.Theproblemsbeginwhenhum

anactivitiesdistortandacceleratethenaturalprocessbycreatingmoregreenhousegasesintheatmospherethanarenecessarytowarmtheplan

ettoanidealtemperature.GreenhouseeffectBurningnaturalgas,coalandoil-includinggasolineforautomobileengines-raisesthelevelofcarbondioxid

eintheatmosphere.Somefarmingpracticesandland-usechangesincreasethelevelsofmethaneandnitrousoxide.GreenhouseeffectDefo

restationalsocontributestoglobalwarming.Treesusecarbondioxideandgiveoffoxygeninitsplace,whichhelpstocreate

theoptimalbalanceofgasesintheatmosphere.Asmoreforestsareloggedfortimberorcutdowntomakewayforfarming,however,therearefewertreestope

rformthiscriticalfunction..Manyfactoriesproducelong-lastingindustrialgasesthatdonotoccurnaturally,yetcontributesignificantlytotheenha

ncedgreenhouseeffectand"globalwarming"thatiscurrentlyunderway.GreenhouseeffectUltimately,moregreenhousegasesmeansmoreinfrare

dradiationtrappedandheld,whichgraduallyincreasesthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurfaceandtheairintheloweratmosphere.Populationgrowthisanothe

rfactoringlobalwarming,becauseasmorepeopleusefossilfuelsforheat,transportationandmanufacturingthelevelofgreenhousegasescontinuestoincreas

e.Asmorefarmingoccurstofeedmillionsofnewpeople,moregreenhousegasesentertheatmosphereGlobalwarmingWhatistheglobalwarming?Globalwarmingi

sthecontinuingriseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth'satmosphereandoceans.GlobalwarmingWhatistheimpactofglobalwarming?Suchanunusuallyrapid

rateofchangewouldaffectfundamentalEarthsystemsuponwhichourverylivesdepend(R)Cincludingoceancirculationa

ndthehydrological,carbonandnutrientcycles.Itwoulddisruptthenaturalandmanagedecosystemsthatprovideuswithwater,foodandfiber.Itwouldaddtoexistin

genvironmentalstressessuchasdesertification,decliningwaterquality,stratosphericozonedepletion,urbanairpollution

anddeforestation.______”Howwillglobalwarmingaffectourworld”(thebookletofPICC)Reference:http://www.environmentalgraffiti.comhttp://www.ipc

c.ch/Globalwarming1.SpreadofdiseaseAsnortherncountrieswarm,diseasecarryinginsectsmigratenorth,bringingplagu

eanddiseasewiththem.Indeedsomescientistsbelievethatinsomecountries,thankstoglobalwarming,malariahasnotbeenfullyeradicated.2.Inc

reasedprobabilityandintensityofdroughtsandheatwavesGlobalwarming3.PolaricecapsmeltingTheicecapsmeltingisafour-prong

eddanger.(theleftsidepicture)4.Morefloods(therightsidepicture)Floodingrepresentsoneofthemostdangeroushazardstohumans

ettlementsandisoneofthemostpotentiallymomentousimpactsofglobalwarming.Globalwarming5.Desertification6.TsunamisAlthoughglobalwarmingdoesnotdirectlyi

nfluencetheformationoftsunamis,theycanbegeneratedbyeventsthatarebroughtaboutbyanamplificationoftheplanet’stemperature.Globalwarming7.ColdWa

vesMorethan150peoplelosttheirlivesduringthe2009to2010winterafterrecordlowtemperaturesandabundantsnowfallcauseddisruptiontomucho

fEurope–whichdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthemanythousandsmoreexcesswinterdeathsthatwerecausedindirectly.ItwastheUK’scoldestwinte

rforthreedecades.8.IncreasedvolcanicactivityMeltingglaciationscanusherinnew,morefrequentandmoredangerousepisodesofvolcanicact

ivity.Globalwarming9.LossofbiodiversityandanimalextinctionLossofhabitatforpolar-iceedgecommunitiessuchaspolarbearsisperhapsthemostobviousconsequenceo

fhavingawarmerclimate.10.DeathofoceanlifeGlobalwarming11.Warmerwatersandmorehurricanes12.EconomicconsequencesMostof

theeffectsofanthropogenicglobalwarmingwon’tbegood.Andtheseeffectsspellonethingforthecountriesoftheworld:economicconsequences.Hurricanescausebillio

nsofdollarsindamage,diseasescostmoneytotreatandcontrolandconflictsexacerbatealloftheseGlobalwarming13.FiresandwildfiresAstheplanetcontin

uestowarm,dryareasoflandthatarealreadysusceptibletowildfiresarelikelytoberavagedbyevenmorefrequentanddestructiveepisodes.In2007,mo

rethan3,000firesbroughtdestructiontoSoutheasternEuropethankstoalongsummerthatcreatedaridandparchedconditions–asituationthatwouldbecomenormalasacons

equenceofthegreenhouseeffect.14.Destructivestormswarmeroceansmakeformoreextremeweatherincludingdevastatingstorms.Global

warming15.DeathbysmogApowerfulcombinationofvehicularfumes,ground-levelozone,airborneindustrialpollutionandthestagnanthotairassociatedwithheatwaves,sm

ogrepresentsanimmediateandchronichealththreattothoselivinginbuilt-upurbanareas.16.MoredangerousthunderstormsAconsequenceof

theincreasedamountsofhumidairgeneratedbyglobalwarmingisthatmorethunderstormswillbetriggered.Globalwarming17.A

nimalattacksAnimalsthataredrivenfromtheirnaturalhabitatsornormalmigrationroutesbyenvironmentalfactorscould

easilycomeintocontactwithhumansettlements,leadingtomanydeathsamonghumansandalreadyendangeredanimals.18.

DiminishedfoodandwatersuppliesRisingsealevelsWhatistherisingsealevels?RisingSeaLevelsisaglobalsealevelsrisingphenomenoncausedbythetemperatureeffect

ontheoceans,themeltingoficesheetsandglaciers,andchangesingroundwaterstorage.RisingsealevelsTheimpactofclimatechangeontheAntar

cticPeninsulaisevidentinnewsatellitedata,USresearcherssay.ThecollapseoftheLarsenBiceshelfhasacceleratedtheflowofglaciersinto

thenearbyWeddellSeain2002.TheAntarcticPeninsulahasseensomeofthefastesttemperaturerisesonEarthinthelastfivedecades.Thescientistsusedavari

etyofdatafromsatellitestotrackthespeedoftheglaciersbeforeandafterthecollapseofLarsenB.Inonestudy,TedScambosoftheNationalSnowandIceD

ataCenterinBoulder,US,analysedfiveimagestakenbytheLandsat7satellitebetweenJanuary2000andFebruary2003.Theanalysisrevealsthatf

ourglaciersflowingintothenowcollapsedsectionofLarsenBincreasedinspeedbybetweentwoandsixtimesoverthestudyperiod."Ifanyonewaswaitingtofindoutwhe

therAntarcticawouldrespondquicklytoclimatewarming,Ithinktheanswerisyes,"saidDrScambos.RisingsealevelsThesecondreport,byEricRignotoftheUSspaceag

ency'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,US,showedaneightfoldincreaseinthespeedofthreeglaciers,calledHektoria,GreenandEvans,between2000and2003.Twoo

thers,JorumandCrane,movedtwiceasquicklyatthebeginningof2003thantheydidin2000andnearlythreetimesasfastbytheendoftheyear."Thesetwopapersclearlyillu

strate,forthefirsttime,therelationshipbetweeniceshelfcollapsescausedbyclimatewarming,andacceleratedglacierflow,"sa

idDrRignot.Theextraicepresumablytranslatesintohighersealevel.Buthowmuchthisisraisingtheleveloftheoceansisn'

tknown.RisingsealevelsTheinfluenceofrisingsealevelsisveryserious,sealevelsrisingtotheharmofhumanenvironmentisshownas:thecoastal

landareaofnarrow,furnitureofcoastalerosion,floodandfloodingcausedbytown,saltwaterintrusionandsoon.Aboutclimate

changereportfoundthatby2100thesealevelcouldrise1morhigher,atleastnotlessthan50centimeters.About10%oftheworld'spopulation(600million)in

afloodedthedangerevenifitisthelowestwaterlevelrises.RisingsealevelsForexampleAccordingtothedevelopmenttrendandthesealevelroseshar

ply,theIndianOceanandthemaldivesinthePacificislandcountriesTuWaLuetcwillbesubmerged,Calcutta,dhakaandothercoastalcitieswillbedestro

yed.CityofLondon,NewYork,andShanghaiwillbeforcedtocostbillionsofdollarsoffundsforfloodcontrol.Risingseale

velsTheleftoneisthearcticGreenland1992yearstheareaofthemeltingice.2002yearsisamongtheareaofthemeltingice.Rightisthearea

ofthemeltingicein2005.Sowewillhavetogotomaptheworld.RisingsealevelsIfGreenlandormeltingGreenlandandwestAntarcticaeachmeltinghalf,Beijinga

ndShanghaiaresupposedtodisaster.AboveisafloodedareaofShanghai,therewillbe40millionpeopleaffected.Below,Beijingwillhaveaffectedmillionsofpeople.Risin

gsealevelsIfGreenlandormeltingGreenlandandwestAntarcticaeachhalfmeltedandtheworldwillbetherewillbemanycoastalcitywasunderwaterscene.Risingseal

evelsTheIndianOceantsunamisite:Sea-levelrisesnotonlycoveredthecoastalland,butthetsunami,suchasMarinedisasters,thesto

rmismorelikelytooccur,andthelossisbigger.RisingsealevelsTheUnitedStatesbeachesallhappenedmorethanasharksighting,maybeduetotheoffshore

warmingwaters,sealsapopulation,sharkfamilypeoplemorerantotheoffshoreareashunting.RisingsealevelsWhatcanwedo?Thanksforyourlistening!