【文档说明】医学环境保护演讲培训课件.ppt，共(33)页，2.924 MB，由小橙橙上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-255822.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

环境保护演讲OurtopicWhatdoyouknowaboutgreenhouseeffect?Globalwarming?Risingsealevels?Theimpactontheearth?Out

line•Greenhouseeffect•Globalwarming•RisingsealevelsGreenhouseeffectWhatisthegreenhouseeffect?Onasunnywinterday,youparkyourcarinthesun,lockit,andgocru

isethelocalshoppingmallforacoupleofhours.Whenyoucomebacklaterandgetintoyourcar,whatdoyounotice?Istheinteriorof

thecarhotorcold?Howdoesthetemperatureinsideofyourcarcomparetothetemperatureoutside?Ifyouhaveeverbeeninsideofagreenhouse,espec

iallywhenthesunisout,whathaveyouobserved?Itisdefinitelywarm,andusuallytheairismoist.Agreenhouseiscommonlywarmerthantheoutsideairbecauseagreenhouseha

stheabilitytotrapheatinsideofit.Thisphenomenoniscalledthegreenhouseeffect.GreenhouseeffectTheheatcausedbyinfraredradiationisabsorbedby"greenhou

segases"suchaswatervapor,carbondioxide,ozoneandmethane,whichslowsitsescapefromtheatmosphere.Althoughgreenhousegasesmakeuponlyabout1p

ercentoftheEarth'satmosphere,theyregulateourclimatebytrappingheatandholdingitinakindofwarm-airblanketthatsurroundstheplanet.Lifeontheearthdependso

nenergyfromthesun.About30percentofthesunlightthatbeamstowardEarthisdeflectedbytheouteratmosphereandscatteredbackintospace.Therestreachesth

eplanet'ssurfaceandisreflectedupwardagainasatypeofslow-movingenergycalledinfraredradiation.GreenhouseeffectThegreenho

useeffectisanaturallyoccurringprocessthataidsinheatingtheEarth'ssurfaceandatmosphere.Itresultsfromthefactthatcertainatmosphericgases,suchascarbon

dioxide,watervapor,andmethane,areabletochangetheenergybalanceoftheplanetbyabsorbinglongwaveradiationemittedfromtheEarth'ssurface.Withoutth

egreenhouseeffectlifeonthisplanetwouldprobablynotexistastheaveragetemperatureoftheEarthwouldbeachilly-18°Celsius,ratherthantheprese

nt15°CelsiusGreenhouseeffectHowDoHumansContributetotheGreenhouseEffect?WhilethegreenhouseeffectisanessentialenvironmentalprerequisiteforlifeonEar

th,therereallycanbetoomuchofagoodthing.Theproblemsbeginwhenhumanactivitiesdistortandacceleratethenaturalprocessbycreatingm

oregreenhousegasesintheatmospherethanarenecessarytowarmtheplanettoanidealtemperature.GreenhouseeffectBu

rningnaturalgas,coalandoil-includinggasolineforautomobileengines-raisesthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Somefarmingpracticesandland-usechanges

increasethelevelsofmethaneandnitrousoxide.GreenhouseeffectDeforestationalsocontributestoglobalwarming.Treesusecarbondioxideandgiveo

ffoxygeninitsplace,whichhelpstocreatetheoptimalbalanceofgasesintheatmosphere.Asmoreforestsareloggedfortimberorcutdowntomakewayforfarming,howev

er,therearefewertreestoperformthiscriticalfunction..Manyfactoriesproducelong-lastingindustrialgasesthatdonotoccurnaturally,yetco

ntributesignificantlytotheenhancedgreenhouseeffectand"globalwarming"thatiscurrentlyunderway.Greenhousee

ffectUltimately,moregreenhousegasesmeansmoreinfraredradiationtrappedandheld,whichgraduallyincreasesthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurfac

eandtheairintheloweratmosphere.Populationgrowthisanotherfactoringlobalwarming,becauseasmorepeopleusefossilfuelsforheat,transportationan

dmanufacturingthelevelofgreenhousegasescontinuestoincrease.Asmorefarmingoccurstofeedmillionsofnewpeople,moregreenhousegasesentertheatmosphere

GlobalwarmingWhatistheglobalwarming?GlobalwarmingisthecontinuingriseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth'satmosphereandoceans.GlobalwarmingWhati

stheimpactofglobalwarming?SuchanunusuallyrapidrateofchangewouldaffectfundamentalEarthsystemsuponwhichourverylivesdepend(R)Cincludingoceancirculationa

ndthehydrological,carbonandnutrientcycles.Itwoulddisruptthenaturalandmanagedecosystemsthatprovideuswithwater,foodandfiber.Itwou

ldaddtoexistingenvironmentalstressessuchasdesertification,decliningwaterquality,stratosphericozonedepletion,urbanairpollutiona

nddeforestation.______”Howwillglobalwarmingaffectourworld”(thebookletofPICC)Reference:http://www.environmentalgraffiti.co

mhttp://www.ipcc.ch/Globalwarming1.SpreadofdiseaseAsnortherncountrieswarm,diseasecarryinginsectsmigrate

north,bringingplagueanddiseasewiththem.Indeedsomescientistsbelievethatinsomecountries,thankstoglobalwarming,malariahasnotbeenfullyeradicated.

2.IncreasedprobabilityandintensityofdroughtsandheatwavesGlobalwarming3.PolaricecapsmeltingTheicecapsmeltingisa

four-prongeddanger.(theleftsidepicture)4.Morefloods(therightsidepicture)Floodingrepresentsoneofthemostdangeroushazard

stohumansettlementsandisoneofthemostpotentiallymomentousimpactsofglobalwarming.Globalwarming5.Desertification6.TsunamisAlthoughglobalwarmingdo

esnotdirectlyinfluencetheformationoftsunamis,theycanbegeneratedbyeventsthatarebroughtaboutbyanamplificationoftheplanet’stemperature.Globalwarmin

g7.ColdWavesMorethan150peoplelosttheirlivesduringthe2009to2010winterafterrecordlowtemperaturesandabundantsnowfallcause

ddisruptiontomuchofEurope–whichdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthemanythousandsmoreexcesswinterdeathsthatwerecausedindirectly.Itwast

heUK’scoldestwinterforthreedecades.8.IncreasedvolcanicactivityMeltingglaciationscanusherinnew,morefrequentan

dmoredangerousepisodesofvolcanicactivity.Globalwarming9.LossofbiodiversityandanimalextinctionLossofhabitatforpolar-iceedgecommunitiessuchaspolarbe

arsisperhapsthemostobviousconsequenceofhavingawarmerclimate.10.DeathofoceanlifeGlobalwarming11.Warmerwatersandmorehurricanes12.Economi

cconsequencesMostoftheeffectsofanthropogenicglobalwarmingwon’tbegood.Andtheseeffectsspellonethingforthecountri

esoftheworld:economicconsequences.Hurricanescausebillionsofdollarsindamage,diseasescostmoneytotreatandcontrolandconflictsexacerbatealloftheseGlobal

warming13.FiresandwildfiresAstheplanetcontinuestowarm,dryareasoflandthatarealreadysusceptibletowildfiresarelikelytoberavagedbyevenmorefrequent

anddestructiveepisodes.In2007,morethan3,000firesbroughtdestructiontoSoutheasternEuropethankstoalongsummerthatcreatedaridandparchedconditions–asituat

ionthatwouldbecomenormalasaconsequenceofthegreenhouseeffect.14.Destructivestormswarmeroceansmakeformoreextremeweatherincludingdevastating

storms.Globalwarming15.DeathbysmogApowerfulcombinationofvehicularfumes,ground-levelozone,airborneindustrialpolluti

onandthestagnanthotairassociatedwithheatwaves,smogrepresentsanimmediateandchronichealththreattothoselivinginbuilt-upurbanareas.16

.MoredangerousthunderstormsAconsequenceoftheincreasedamountsofhumidairgeneratedbyglobalwarmingisthatmorethunderstormswillbetriggered.Glob

alwarming17.AnimalattacksAnimalsthataredrivenfromtheirnaturalhabitatsornormalmigrationroutesbyenvironment

alfactorscouldeasilycomeintocontactwithhumansettlements,leadingtomanydeathsamonghumansandalreadyendangereda

nimals.18.DiminishedfoodandwatersuppliesRisingsealevelsWhatistherisingsealevels?RisingSeaLevelsisaglobalsealevelsrisingphenomenoncausedbythetemper

atureeffectontheoceans,themeltingoficesheetsandglaciers,andchangesingroundwaterstorage.RisingsealevelsTheimpactofclimatechangeontheAntarcticPeninsula

isevidentinnewsatellitedata,USresearcherssay.ThecollapseoftheLarsenBiceshelfhasacceleratedtheflowofglaciersintothene

arbyWeddellSeain2002.TheAntarcticPeninsulahasseensomeofthefastesttemperaturerisesonEarthinthelastfivedecades.Thescientistsus

edavarietyofdatafromsatellitestotrackthespeedoftheglaciersbeforeandafterthecollapseofLarsenB.Inonestu

dy,TedScambosoftheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterinBoulder,US,analysedfiveimagestakenbytheLandsat7satellitebetweenJanuary2000andFebruary2003.

TheanalysisrevealsthatfourglaciersflowingintothenowcollapsedsectionofLarsenBincreasedinspeedbybetweentwoandsixtimesoverthestudyperiod."Ifan

yonewaswaitingtofindoutwhetherAntarcticawouldrespondquicklytoclimatewarming,Ithinktheanswerisyes,"saidDrScamb

os.RisingsealevelsThesecondreport,byEricRignotoftheUSspaceagency'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,US,showedaneightfoldinc

reaseinthespeedofthreeglaciers,calledHektoria,GreenandEvans,between2000and2003.Twoothers,JorumandCrane,movedtwiceasquicklyatthebeginningo

f2003thantheydidin2000andnearlythreetimesasfastbytheendoftheyear."Thesetwopapersclearlyillustrate,forthefirsttime,therelations

hipbetweeniceshelfcollapsescausedbyclimatewarming,andacceleratedglacierflow,"saidDrRignot.Theextraicepresumablytranslatesi

ntohighersealevel.Buthowmuchthisisraisingtheleveloftheoceansisn'tknown.RisingsealevelsTheinfluenceofrisingsealevels

isveryserious,sealevelsrisingtotheharmofhumanenvironmentisshownas:thecoastallandareaofnarrow,furnitureofcoastalerosion,floodandfloodingcaused

bytown,saltwaterintrusionandsoon.Aboutclimatechangereportfoundthatby2100thesealevelcouldrise1morhigher

,atleastnotlessthan50centimeters.About10%oftheworld'spopulation(600million)inafloodedthedangerevenifitisthel

owestwaterlevelrises.RisingsealevelsForexampleAccordingtothedevelopmenttrendandthesealevelrosesharply,theIndianOceanandt

hemaldivesinthePacificislandcountriesTuWaLuetcwillbesubmerged,Calcutta,dhakaandothercoastalcitieswillbedestroyed.CityofLondon,NewYork

,andShanghaiwillbeforcedtocostbillionsofdollarsoffundsforfloodcontrol.RisingsealevelsTheleftoneisthearcticGreenlan

d1992yearstheareaofthemeltingice.2002yearsisamongtheareaofthemeltingice.Rightistheareaofthemeltingicein2005.Sowewillhavet

ogotomaptheworld.RisingsealevelsIfGreenlandormeltingGreenlandandwestAntarcticaeachmeltinghalf,BeijingandShanghaiaresupposedtodisaster.Aboveisaflood

edareaofShanghai,therewillbe40millionpeopleaffected.Below,Beijingwillhaveaffectedmillionsofpeople.RisingsealevelsIfGreenlandormeltin

gGreenlandandwestAntarcticaeachhalfmeltedandtheworldwillbetherewillbemanycoastalcitywasunderwaterscene.Risin

gsealevelsTheIndianOceantsunamisite:Sea-levelrisesnotonlycoveredthecoastalland,butthetsunami,suchasMarinedisasters,thestormismorelikelytooc

cur,andthelossisbigger.RisingsealevelsTheUnitedStatesbeachesallhappenedmorethanasharksighting,maybeduetotheoffsh

orewarmingwaters,sealsapopulation,sharkfamilypeoplemorerantotheoffshoreareashunting.RisingsealevelsWhatcanwedo?Thanksfor

yourlistening!